CN1475207B - 含瓦尔沙登和氢氯噻嗪的固体口服剂量形式 - Google Patents

含瓦尔沙登和氢氯噻嗪的固体口服剂量形式 Download PDF

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CN1475207B
CN1475207B CN031466788A CN03146678A CN1475207B CN 1475207 B CN1475207 B CN 1475207B CN 031466788 A CN031466788 A CN 031466788A CN 03146678 A CN03146678 A CN 03146678A CN 1475207 B CN1475207 B CN 1475207B
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valsartan
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R·F·瓦格内
交久濑善三
大家孝
山户富士树
M·克勒玫耶
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Abstract

本发明涉及固体口服剂量形式,该剂量形式包括:a)选自瓦尔沙登和HCTZ的活性剂,以及b)适于通过压制方法制备固体口服剂量形式的药物上可接受的添加剂。

Description

含瓦尔沙登和氢氯噻嗪的固体口服剂量形式
本发明是申请号为97195891.2、发明名称为“瓦尔沙登的固体口服剂量形式”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及含瓦尔沙登(valsartan)的固体口服剂量形式、尤其是含瓦尔沙登和氢氯噻嗪(HCTZ)的固体口服剂量形式,以及形成该剂量形式的方法。
背景技术
已知血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂-瓦尔沙登-在治疗充血性心力衰竭和降低血压方面有效,不论年龄、性别或种族如何,对它的耐受性也很好。还已知它与HCTZ结合可治疗高血压。
口服片剂或胶囊形式的这类药剂比非肠道施药(例如静脉内或肌内)具有某些优势:人们认为需要用引起疼痛的注射制剂治疗的疾病比可用口服剂量形式治疗的病更严重。但是,口服制剂的主要优点在于适合病人自己施药,而非肠道制剂在大多数情况下不得不由医师或护理人员帮助施药。
然而,瓦尔沙登难于配制,所以迄今还不能以可靠而实用的方法制备片剂形式的口服制剂。
胶囊不合适,因为必须应用大胶囊以容纳有效量的活性剂,就瓦尔沙登而言,它是低密度物质,因而体积很大。
发明内容
我们现已发现,可采用可靠而实用的方法生产的含任选与HCTZ组合的瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐的固体口服剂量形式,该固体口服剂量形式相对于应用的活性剂的量来说较小。就给定活性剂的量而言,所述固体口服剂量形式小于该活性物质的任何已知制剂。
本发明提供了固体口服剂量形式,它包括:
a)含有效量瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐的活性剂,以及
b)适于通过压制方法制备固体口服剂量形式的药物上可接受的添加剂。
优选地,其中该活性剂的存在量基于该固体口服剂量形式的总重量高于35wt%,优选高于50wt%。特别地,活性剂的存在量可以是45~65wt%,例如57~62wt%。
本发明的固体口服剂量形式保证以小于迄今活性剂给定单位剂量的可能形式的口服形式施用活性物质。此外,所得口服剂量形式在生产过程中和贮存期间都是稳定的,例如在常规包装如密封铝泡罩包装中可贮存2年。
“有效量”表示阻止或减轻受治疗疾病的进程或者全部或部分地治愈或治标地作用于疾病所需活性剂的量。这种量可容易地由本领域技术人员通过常规试验而没有过度负担下确定。
在其中该活性剂全部由瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐构成的本发明的固体口服剂量形式中,如果该活性剂的存在量为10~250mg,更优选为40~160mg,最优选为40~80mg,例如40、80或160mg,就是优选的。
活性剂瓦尔沙登特别适于同其它活性剂(如HCTZ)组合。
因此,在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供了上文所述的固体口服剂量形式,它另外还包含作为活性剂成分的HCTZ。
已发现,剂量范围约为10~250mg的瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐与剂量范围约为6~60mg的氢氯噻嗪结合后,适于更有效地治疗高血压。发现在结合的活性剂的这些剂量范围下,瓦尔沙登将升高的血压降至正常值的效果比它在单一疗法中相同剂量范围下使用时的效果更大。此外,当将氢氯噻嗪与瓦尔沙登结合施用时,该利尿剂与所示剂量范围下单一疗法相比更为有效。特别合适的剂量范围是约50~100mg瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐以及约10~30mg氢氯噻嗪。更优选的单位剂量是约80mg瓦尔沙登和12.5mg或25mg氢氯噻嗪以及160mg瓦尔沙登和12.5mg或25mg氢氯噻嗪。瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐与氢氯噻嗪的重量比为约1∶6~约42∶1,更优选为2∶1~13∶1,最优选为2∶1~10∶1。
本发明特别涉及一种固体口服剂量形式,它含作为活性剂a)的:
单位剂量约10~250mg、尤其约50~100mg的瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐;以及单位剂量约6~60mg、尤其约10~30mg的氢氯噻嗪。
一个特别优选的本发明实施方案是这种固体口服剂量形式,它含作为活性剂a)的:
单位剂量约80mg或160mg的瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐;以及单位剂量约12.5mg的氢氯噻嗪。
瓦尔沙登的制备描述于美国专利说明书no.5399578中,该文献并入本文作参考。瓦尔沙登的药物上可接受的盐可按本来已知的方法制备。于是例如,酸加合盐是通过用酸或合适的离子交换剂处理而得到的。这类盐可通过常规方法用合适的碱性试剂处理而变成游离酸。
瓦尔沙登优选呈它的游离形式,即不是呈它的盐形式之一。
已知氢氯噻嗪是在治疗高血压中有用的治疗剂。
本发明的固体口服剂量形式包括所述剂量形式中常用的添加剂。可应用常用于片剂制剂中的压片助剂,可参考这方面的大量文献,尤其参见Fiedler的“Lexicon der Hilfstoffe”,第4版,ECV Aulendorf1996,将它并入本文作参考。这些物质包括但不限于崩解剂、结合剂、润滑剂、助流剂、稳定剂、填料或稀释剂、表面活性剂等。
作为崩解剂,特别可提及CMC-Ca、CMC-Na、交联的PVP(Crospovidone、Polyplasdone of KollidonXL)、藻酸、藻酸钠和瓜尔豆胶,最优选的是交联的PVP,Crospovidone、交联的CMC和Ac-Di-Sol。
作为结合剂,特别可提及淀粉,例如马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉,微晶纤维素,例如在注册商标Avicel、Filtrak、Heweten或Pharmacel下的已知产品,羟丙基纤维素,羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素,例如羟丙基含量为5~16wt%、Mw为80000~1150000、尤其140000~850000的羟丙基纤维素。
作为助流剂,特别可提及胶态二氧化硅,如Aerosil,三硅酸镁,粉状纤维素、淀粉、滑石和三元磷酸钙。
作为填料或稀释剂,可提及特细精糖粉、可压缩糖,葡萄糖结合剂、糊精、葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露糖醇、微晶纤维素、尤其是密度约为0.45g/cm3的,例如Avicel,粉状纤维素、山梨糖醇、蔗糖和滑石。
作为润滑剂,特别可提及硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸铝或硬脂酸钙,PEG4000~8000和滑石。
可由技术人员考虑到该固体口服剂量形式特别要求的性能通过常规试验而没有任何过度负担下选择和应用一种或多种这些添加剂。
应用的各种添加剂(例如助流剂、结合剂、崩解剂、填料或稀释剂以及润滑剂)的量可在本领域通常的范围内变化。于是例如,助流剂的量可在0.1~10wt%、尤其0.1~5wt%,如0.1~0.5wt%的范围内变化;结合剂的量可在约10~45wt%,如20~30wt%的范围内变化;崩解剂的量可在2~20wt%的范围内变化,如15wt%;填料或稀释剂的量可在15~40wt%的范围内变化;而润滑剂的量则可在0.1~5.0wt%的范围内变化。
本固体口服剂量形式的特征在于,它们只包含较少量的添加剂,给定高含量的活性剂。这使得能生产物理上小单位剂量形式。给定单位剂量中添加剂的总量基于固体口服剂量形式的总重量可以是约65wt%或更低,尤其约50%或更低。优选地,添加剂含量在约35~55wt%范围内,尤其45~55wt%,例如38~43wt%。
各添加剂的绝对量以及相对于其它添加剂的量同样取决于该固体口服剂量形式所要求的特性,也可由技术人员通过常规试验而没有过度负担地选择。例如,可选择固体口服剂量形式以显示加速和/或延迟释放活性剂,定量控制或未定量控制活性剂的释放。
因此,当需要加速释放时,例如在10分钟内、尤其在5分钟内释放约90%,可应用崩解剂例如交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,如已知在注册商标
Figure S03146678820030716D000041
XL或
Figure S03146678820030716D000042
CL下的那些产品,尤其是分子量大于1000000,特别是粒径分布小于400微米或小于74微米的那些,或者在水的存在下能实现片剂的迅速崩解的活性添加剂(泡腾合剂),例如所谓的泡腾片,这些片剂包含呈固体形式的酸,特别是柠檬酸,它在水中作用于含化学上结合二氧化碳的碱(如碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠)而释放二氧化碳。
而如果需要延迟释放,可应用本领域常用的丸片包衣技术、蜡基质体系,聚合物基质片剂或聚合物包衣。
定量控制活性剂的释放可通过本领域已知的常规技术来实现。这类剂量形式被称为口服渗透系统(OROS)、包衣片、骨架片、压制包衣片、多层片剂等。
在其中活性剂全部由瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐构成的固体口服剂量形式中,优选的添加剂有微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)或CMC-Ca、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸铝、无水胶态二氧化硅和滑石。添加剂的用量将取决于活性剂用量的多少。硬脂酸盐(例如硬脂酸镁)优选应用的量为1.0~5.0wt%,如1.5~3.0wt%。而二氧化硅优选应用的量为0.5~10wt%。
在其中活性剂由瓦尔沙登或其药物上可接受的盐与HCTZ的组合构成的固体口服剂量形式中,优选应用选自上段引用的那些添加剂中的任意添加剂以及交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。硬脂酸盐优选应用的量为1-5wt%,如3%。纤维素物质(例如微晶纤维素)优选存在的量为10~30%,如21%。二氧化硅优选存在的量为0.5~10wt%,如1wt%。交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮优选存在的量为10~20wt%,例如约13wt%。特别优选的固体口服剂量形式包含作为添加剂的微晶纤维素和交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)。
本发明的固体口服剂量形式可呈糖衣丸的形式,此时为该固体口服剂量形式提供一层包衣,该包衣一般是糖、紫胶或完全是本领域中常用的其它薄膜包衣。应注意本领域中应用的各种已知包衣方法,例如在流化床中喷涂,如通过已知方法应用可得自Aeromatic、Glatt、Wurster或Huttlin的装置,在多孔盘中通过Accela Cota方法进行,或者应用浸没涂刀包衣法(submerged swordcoating method)。调制过程中常用的添加剂被应用于这些方法中。
本发明的固体口服剂量形式适用于降低血压,或是收缩压或舒张压或者二者都适用。本发明适用的疾病包括但不限于:高血压(不管是恶性的、原发的、肾血管的、糖尿病的、孤立收缩性的,或是其它继发性的),充血性心力衰竭,绞痛(不管是稳定性的或是不稳定性的),心肌梗死,动脉硬化,糖尿病性肾病,糖尿病性心肌病,肾功能不全,外周血管病,左心室肥大,识别功能障碍(例如早老性痴呆)以及中风。
活性剂的准确剂量以及待施用的具体制剂取决于多种因素,例如待治疗的疾病,治疗所需持续时间和活性剂的释放速度。例如,所需活性剂的量及其释放速度可基于已知的体外技术或体内技术确定,测定血浆中某具体活性剂的浓度在治疗效果可接受的水平下保持多久。
本发明的另一方面提供了制备上文所述固体口服剂量形式的方法。这种固体口服剂量形式可通过将上文定义的组分a)和b)以合适的量综合加工而生产,制成单位剂量形式。
在一优选的实施方案中提供了制备上文所述固体口服剂量形式的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
i)将活性剂和药物上可接受的添加剂研磨,
ii)将磨细的活性剂和添加剂的混合物压制成压紧物,
iii)将该压紧物转化成粒化物以及
iv)将该粒化物压制成固体口服剂量形式。
该方法在无水条件下进行,即它是一种干压制方法。该方法可在环境温度和湿度的条件下进行;不必保证该方法在干燥气氛中进行。
初始研磨步骤i)可按常规研磨方法或微粉化方法操作。
活性剂和添加剂可单独地或者一起研磨到粒径约0.1μ至约200μ,优选为1.0μ至100μ。活性剂和添加剂二者的晶体至少有90%在这些范围内。该尺寸的粒子是用常规粉碎方法获得的,例如在下列磨机中研磨:空气喷射磨机、锤筛磨机、精细冲击磨、球磨或振动磨机。
微粉化优选通过已知方法应用超声粉碎机(例如BRANSONSonifier型)实现,或者通过用高速搅拌器搅拌悬浮物,例如应用HOMOREX型搅拌器。
可任选在此步骤按已知方法筛分磨细的粒子并混合。
压制成压紧物要求将干燥的磨细组分压紧。可应用预压片技术或者优选用辊压紧法进行压紧。辊压紧装置是一种常规装置,主要是利用两个辊相向滚压。液压顶迫使辊之一对着另一辊对通过螺旋输送机系统送入辊压紧机的磨细粒子施加压紧力。
优选应用25~65kN的压紧力。意外地发现在该压紧力范围内,应对每种特定的制剂采用一个最小压紧力以获得一种固体口服剂量形式,这种剂量形式中在所需速度下将粒化物分解成离散的初级粒子,例如在比高于最小压紧力下压制的固体口服剂量形式大约快六倍的速度下发生崩解。这样快的崩解速度对片剂来说不寻常,它类似于胶囊制剂的崩解速度。具体的最小压紧力取决于任何给定制剂中的活性剂含量,因而也取决于存在的添加剂的量和添加剂性质。
包含由80mg瓦尔沙登和12.5mgHCTZ构成的活性剂、以及适当量合适的添加剂的固体口服剂量形式优选通过这种方法制备,即其中用于产生压紧物的压紧力至少为30kN。对该活性剂来说,适当量的合适的添加剂可以是31.5mg微晶纤维素、1.5mg无水胶态二氧化硅、4.5mg硬脂酸镁和20mg交联PVP。
包括单位剂量为160mg瓦尔沙登和12.5mgHCTZ、以及适当量合适的添加剂的固体口服剂量形式优选通过这种方法制备,即其中用于产生压紧物的压紧力至少为25kN。对该活性剂来说,适当量的合适的添加剂可以是75.5mg微晶纤维素、3.0mg无水胶态二氧化硅、9.0mg硬脂酸镁和40mg交联PVP。
给定该信息,技术人员显然能应用常规试验而没有过度负担地确定其它制剂的最小压紧力。
辊速度设定在1~15rpm之间,优选为1.3~7.5rpm。通过辊后,压紧的物质(压紧物)类似于成段的薄带状物。
可将该压紧物筛分和/或研磨成粒化物。筛分的最简单形式包括使从辊出来的压紧物在机械压力下通过筛。更优选地,应用振动式磨机(例如MGI624Frewitt(Key International Inc.))筛分该压紧物。
由此形成的粒化物具有很宽的粒径分布,例如从9至340微米。在辊压紧处理的此步骤,通常分选出太小的和太大的粒子,将它们从粒化物中挑出后用于再循环。这样挑出的太大和太小的粒子一般另外被压紧一次或多次以便获得需要的粒化物粒径分布。这种处理费时因而将增大固体口服剂量形式的生产成本。此外,在这样的高压紧力下另外地通过辊压紧机会对活性剂产生不利影响,还会使粒化物更不适合压制成固体口服剂量形式。
然而已发现,在筛分或研磨后先从辊压紧机出来并且包含太大的和太小的粒子的粒化物实际上可被压制成固体口服剂量形式而不影响该固体口服剂量形式的特性。
将粒化物压制成片剂芯可在常规压片机(例如EK-0 Korsch偏心式压片机)或旋转式压制机中,优选在大于2kN的压紧力下进行。片剂芯的形状可变,例如可以是球形、椭圆形、长方形、圆柱形或其它任何合适的形状,大小也可根据治疗剂的浓度而变。本发明片剂的特征在于它们的尺寸相对于其中包含的活性剂量来说较小。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,通过上述压制方法获得的片剂略呈椭圆形。片剂边缘可以被斜削或弄圆。
在本发明一个特别优选的实施方案中,固体口服剂量形式被压制成长方形片剂,其中长:宽:高的尺寸比为2.5~5.0∶0.9~2.0∶1.0,优选地其中该片剂的底面和顶面各自独立地相对纵轴呈平面状或凸曲面;侧面呈平面形,端面可呈任意形状,边缘任选被斜削或弄圆。
在本发明一个特别优选的实施方案中,固体口服剂量形式由粒化物压制成长方形片剂,其中长约为10.0~11.0mm,宽约为5.0~6.0mm,高约为3.0~4.0mm。
在本发明另一特别优选的实施方案中,固体口服剂量形式由粒化物压制成长方形片剂,其中长约为15.0~16.0mm,宽约为6.0~7.0mm,高约为3.5~5.0mm。
在本发明又一优选的实施方案中,提供了基本上呈圆盘形的片剂,上表面和下表面具有稍微中凸的表面。优选地,该片剂的直径约为8~8.5mm,厚度约为3~3.5mm,或者直径约为16mm,厚度约为6mm。该片剂的体积可以为约0.1cm3~约0.45cm3,尤其0.2~0.3cm3,例如约0.125cm3或0.25cm3
此外,它们可呈透明的、无色的或有色的,还可对其标记以赋予该产品独特的外观从而使它们被即刻辨认。应用染料可增强外观以及鉴别各组分。适用于制药的染料一般包括类胡萝卜素、氧化铁或叶绿素。
具体实施方式
现给出下列实施例以阐述本发明。
实施例1
配方
瓦尔沙登                             80.0mg(53.3%)
氢氯噻嗪                             12.5mg(8.3%)
胶态无水二氧化硅AEROSIL              1.5mg(1.0%)
微晶纤维素AVICEL                     31.5mg(21.0%)
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮CROSPOVIDONE           20.0mg(13.3%)
硬脂酸镁4.5mg(3.0%)
                                    150.0mg
方法
将除一部分硬脂酸镁之外的各组分在混合容器中掺和。将掺和了的物料筛分并在混合容器中预掺和又一段时间。应用辊压紧机(BepexPharmapaktor L200/50P,Hosokawa Micron Group)在25~65kN的压紧力和1.3~7.5rpm的辊速度下压紧掺和了的物料。再次筛分压紧了的物料,添加余下的那部分硬脂酸镁,最后在混合容器中掺和。然后应用似卵形的冲头(10×5.2mm)将150mg均匀混合物压制成片。所得的片剂长为10.0~10.2mm,宽为5.2~5.4mm,高为3.3~3.9mm。
实施例1a
将按实施例1制备的固体口服剂量形式包上一层薄膜包衣配方:
纤维素H-P-M683                     2.76mg
氧化铁(铁黄)17268                  0.025
氧化铁(铁红)17266                  0.025
PEG8000(薄片)                      0.5
滑PH                               2.0
二氧化钛PH                         0.7
去离子水                           2.5
乙醇+5%异丙醇                     20.0
方法
将PEG和纤维素溶于去离子水。将余下的组分悬浮于所得溶液。在喷涂装置(Driacoater DRC-500,Powrex Ltd)中装填实施例1的固体口服剂量形式。在6~12rpm下旋转的装置中将包衣配方喷到固体口服剂量形式中。喷涂压力是1.9~2.2Kg/cm2,喷涂速度是5.9-7.9g/min。
然后在包衣器装置中于40℃温度下干燥包衣后的固体口服剂量形式直至包衣后的固体口服剂量形式中湿含量小于2.5wt%。
所得的片剂长为10.1~10.3mm,宽为5.3~5.5mm,高为3.4~4.0mm。
实施例2
配方
瓦尔沙登                      160.0mg(53.3%)
氢氯噻嗪                      12.5mg(8.3%)
胶态无水二氧化硅AEROSIL       3.0mg(1.0%)
微晶纤维素AVICEL              75.5mg(21.0%)
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮CROSPOVIDONE     40.0mg(13.3%)
硬脂酸镁(FAC I)                  9.0mg(3.0%)
                                 300.0mg
按实施例1中描述的方法制成300.0mg的片剂。所得片剂长为15.0~15.2mm,宽6.0~6.2mm,高3.9~4.7mm。
实施例2a
按实施例1a的方法给实施例2的固体口服剂量形式包衣一种组合物(见下列配方):
纤维素H-P-M683        5.51mg
氧化铁(铁红)17266     0.75
PEG8000(薄片)         1.0
滑石PH                3.99
二氧化钛PH            0.75
去离子水              5.0
乙醇+5%异丙醇        40.0
所得片剂长为15.1~15.3mm,宽6.1~6.3mm,高4.0~4.8mm。
实施例3
Figure S03146678820030716D000111
*羟丙基纤维素
方法
在混合容器中掺和(划线上方的)组分。将掺和了的物料筛分并在混合容器中预掺和又一段时间。应用辊压紧机(BepexPharmapaktor L200/50P,Hosokawa Micron Group)在25~65kN的压紧力和1.3~7.5rpm的辊速度下压紧掺和了的物料。再次筛分压紧了的物料,添加划线以下的组分,最后在混合容器中掺和。然后应用似卵形的冲头(10×5.2mm)将200mg均匀的混合物压成片剂。所得片剂直径为8.5mm,厚3.9mm。
实施例3A
薄膜包衣
二氧化钛                  1.00mg
TC-5R*                    3.68mg
PEG6000                   0.66mg
滑石                      2.66mg
                          8.00mg
*=羟丙基甲基纤维素
方法
按实施例1A的方法给实施例3的固体口服剂量形式涂布该薄膜包衣。
包衣片剂直径为8.6mm,厚4.0mm。

Claims (11)

1.一种通过在无水条件下进行的干-压制方法获得的固体口服剂量形式,其中所述固体口服剂量形式包括
超过35%的瓦尔沙登,
0.5-10%的二氧化硅,
10-45%的羟丙基纤维素,
1.0-5.0%的硬脂酸镁,
10-30%的微晶纤维素,以及
0.1-10%的滑石。
2.权利要求1的口服剂量形式,其中瓦尔沙登的存在量为45-65重量%。
3.权利要求1的口服剂量形式,其中瓦尔沙登的存在量大于50重量%。
4.权利要求1的口服剂量形式,其单位剂量中含有10-250mg瓦尔沙登。
5.权利要求1的口服剂量形式,所述剂量形式中含有:
(1)瓦尔沙登                        80.0mg
   胶态二氧化硅200                 10.0mg
   L-HPC*L-11                      87.0mg
   硬脂酸镁                        3.0mg
(2)微晶纤维素301                   10.0mg
   L-HPC*L-21                      5.0mg
   胶态二氧化硅200                 1.0mg
   滑石                            2.0mg
   硬脂酸镁                        2.0mg
                                   200.0mg
*=羟丙基纤维素。
6.权利要求1的口服剂量形式,其中瓦尔沙登存在的量是40mg、80mg或160mg。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的口服剂量形式在制备用于治疗下列疾病的药物中的用途:高血压,充血性心力衰竭,绞痛,心肌梗死,动脉硬化,糖尿病性肾病,糖尿病性心肌病,肾功能不全,外周血管病,左心室肥大,识别功能障碍或中风。
8.权利要求7的用途,所述高血压是恶性的、原发的、肾血管的、糖尿病的或孤立收缩性的。
9.权利要求7的用途,所述绞痛是稳定性的或是不稳定性的。
10.权利要求7的用途,其中所述识别功能障碍是早老性痴呆。
11.权利要求7的用途,其中所述高血压为继发性的高血压。
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