CN1451201A - 在低功率状态期间多相开关电源的改善效率 - Google Patents

在低功率状态期间多相开关电源的改善效率 Download PDF

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CN1451201A
CN1451201A CN00819311A CN00819311A CN1451201A CN 1451201 A CN1451201 A CN 1451201A CN 00819311 A CN00819311 A CN 00819311A CN 00819311 A CN00819311 A CN 00819311A CN 1451201 A CN1451201 A CN 1451201A
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switching regulator
circuit
phase
regulator circuit
power supply
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CN1264270C (zh
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C·特雷斯勒
C·埃尔南德斯
M·陈
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GlobalFoundries Inc
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Advanced Micro Devices Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种在低功率状态期间使损耗减至最小的多相电源。在一个特定实施例中，多相电源可包括多个彼此并联连接的开关稳定器。该多相电源更进一步包括耦合连接于各开关稳定器的相位控制电路。配置相位控制电路以产生多个控制信号，用以控制开关稳定器的切换，从而使其彼此有不同的相位。在微处理器的低功率运行状态期间，相位控制电路配置为通过取消或截止送开关稳定器的一个子集的多个控制信号的至少其中之一，而选择性地中止开关稳定器的一个子集的运行。

Description

在低功率状态期间多相开关电源的改善效率
发明领域
本发明涉及电源领域，尤其涉及多相开关电源(switching powersupply)。
背景技术
各种不同类型的装置都使用电源。有许多特定类型的电源电路，各具有不同的优点和缺点。计算机中的微处理器也许要求电源电路能大幅调节电流而保持高水平的效率。
一种该类型的特定电源电路为开关稳定器(switching regulator)。开关稳定器一般提供具有比未经调节的输入为低的电压输出，而同时提供具有比未经调节的电源所输入的电流为高的电流输出。这可通过无源晶体管不断地在饱和状态和非饱和状态之间切换而完成。因为无源晶体管在饱和或非导电情况，均有非常低的功率耗散。因此开关稳定器能够高效地大幅调节电流。
使用开关稳定器的一个公知缺点为“纹波效应(ripple effct)”。纹波效应指输出电压中周期性变化的纹波，该输出电压必须经滤波以便产生真正的直流(DC)电流。可通过并联连接多个开关稳定器且操作使其彼此处于不同相位，从而减少或消除纹波效应。这种配置称之为多相开关稳定器。多相开关稳定器一般以高效率产生高电流输出，而同时减少纹波。因此在需要有高水平的电流和效率时，普遍选择将多相开关稳定器用于电源电路。
许多微处理器配置为选择性地运行于低功率操作状态。在低功率状态期间，微处理器可配置为降低某些功能块(例如那些不活动的功能块)的功率和/或降低其内部时钟频率。降低微处理器某些部分的功率供应和/或降低时钟频率会有利于减少功率消耗。当微处理器回到正常运行状态时，该微处理器即使用相对高的电流。
然而遗憾的是，当微处理器运行于低功率状态时，对应所产生的总电流百分比，多相开关稳定器就变得效率较低。这是因为开关稳定器的晶体管继续以等同于正常状态运行期间的频率切换。因为晶体管在相同频率下切换，在低功率期间相关于切换的电容性损耗即与在正常运行状态的电容性损耗相同。然而，因为在低功率状态运行期间使用较少电流，对应所产生的总电流百分比，切换就变得效率较低。因此，需要有一种改良的多相电源(multiphase poer supply)电路，其在低功率运行状态期间可降低与切换相关的功率损耗。
发明内容
通过一种在低功率运行状态期间降低功率损耗的电源，即可解决上述的大部分的问题。在一个实施例中，多相电源包括多个相互并联连接的开关稳定器。各开关稳定器可同时操作，且开关稳定器可受控而彼此有不同的相位。在特定的实施例中，各开关稳定器可以是同步开关稳定器。多相电源更进一步包括耦合到多个开关稳定器的相位控制电路。配置相位控制电路，以便在低功率运行状态期间选择性地中止至少其中一个开关稳定器的操作。可进一步配置相位控制电路，以便控制开关稳定器的切换，从而使其彼此具有不同相位。
多相电源的各个不同实施例有利于允许在正常状态运行期间，有相对高的载流能力，而在低功率运行状态期间，有最小损耗。通过在低功率运行状态期间中止开关稳定器某一子集的操作，可消除与所中止的开关稳定器的晶体管相关的电容性切换损耗。因此，可改善电源的整体效率。
附图简要说明
考虑以下较佳实施例的详细说明并配合下列附图，即可对本发明有较好了解，其中：
图1显示多相电源的特定实施例；
图2为时序图，显示图1中选择晶体管在正常状态运行期间的工作周期；
图3为时序图，显示图1中选择晶体管在正常状态运行期间减少的工作周期；
图4为时序图，显示图1中选择晶体管在低功率运行状态期间的工作周期；以及
图5显示多相电源的另一实施例。
附图中以示例方式显示了特定实施例，并在以下对其进行了详细说明——尽管易于对本发明作各种形式的修改和替代。应理解到，此处附图和详细说明并非意在将本发明限制为所述特定形式，而是相反，本发明将涵盖所有落于所附权利要求书所界定的本发明的精神和范围内的修改、等效和替换。发明实施方案
图1显示多相电源100的特定实施例。多相电源100包括多个同步开关稳定器，其标为110A、110B、110C和110D。同步开关稳定器110A～D可分别地个别或整体地称之为开关稳定器110。耦合开关稳定器110以向位于节点170的微处理器160提供电源。多相电源100更进一步包括相位控制电路150，该相位控制电路耦合到各开关稳定器110。重要的是应注意到，不同的实施例可包括多于或少于4个开关稳定器。
在所述实施例中，各开关稳定器110包括一对耦合于电源端子Vcc和接地之间的晶体管(例如，晶体管101和102，晶体管111和112等)。各开关稳定器110更进一步包括二极管(例如二极管103、113等)、电感器(例如电感器104、114等)和电容器(例如电容器105、115等)。应注意，也可使用其它的特定电路配置以实现各开关稳定器110。
配置相位控制电路150以使其产生多个控制信号，用以控制开关稳定器110中的晶体管状态，从而使开关稳定器110彼此运行于不同相位。在特定实施例中，相位控制电路150可包括Semtech SC1144集成电路。下文中将更进一步详细说明，相位控制电路150还包括其它电路，以便在低功率运行状态期间选择性地中止开关稳定器110的一个子集的操作，从而使效率得以改善。
图2～4显示多相电源100的各种运行情况。图2和图3为时序图，显示在正常状态运行期间与晶体管101、111、121和131工作周期相关的示例。图4为时序图，显示在低功率运行状态期间与晶体管101、111、121和131工作周期相关的示例。
同时参照图1和图2，相位控制电路150在不同相位运行期间分别触发(即导通)晶体管101、111、121和131。在第一相位运行(“相位1”)期间，晶体管101导通而晶体管111、121和131截止。因为各开关稳定器110实施为同步调节器，当晶体管101导通时，晶体管102截止(响应于来自相位控制电路150的对应控制信号)。因此，在相位1期间，电流从Vcc流经晶体管101和电感器104而使电容器105充电。同样在相位1期间，晶体管111、121和131截止，而晶体管112、122、132导通。
在下一个相位运行期间(“相位2”)，相位控制电路150使晶体管101截止并使晶体管102导通。当晶体管102导通和晶体管101截止时，因为流经电感器104的电流不能突变，电流可继续瞬时地流过电感器104，从而使电容器105充电。晶体管102提供该电流的回流路径。
同样在相位2期间，开关稳定器110B的晶体管111导通而晶体管112截止。结果与前面所讨论的相似，电流从Vcc流经晶体管111而使电容器115充电。在相位3和4期间，开关稳定器510C和510D的后续操作相似。
可进一步配置相位控制电路150，以便经由反馈控制信号来监视在节点170的输出电压Vout，并相应调整晶体管101、111、121和131的工作周期，从而保持恒定的电压电平。图3显示一种示例性情况，其中图1所示晶体管101、111、121和131的工作周期，例如因微处理器160所获取的电流减少，而随之减少。若在节点170有减少的输出电压，即微处理器160所获取的电流增加，则晶体管101、111、121和131的工作周期将相对于图2的示例而随之增加。
如上所述，微处理器160配置运行于低功率运行状态。在此运行状态期间，微处理器160需要较少电流。低功率运行状态例如可以由功率管理单元(图中未示)来控制，其在需要时检测特定系统的不活动性。相位控制电路150配置成基于确认低功率状态控制信号而选择性地中止开关稳定器110(例如开关稳定器110B、110C、和110D)的一个子集的运行，该低功率状态控制信号表示微处理器160目前运行于低功率状态。可由功率管理单元接收低功率状态控制信号。如图4所示，在此实施例中，相位控制电路150在低功率状态期间通过取消(或相反，驱动或截止)提供给相关的切换晶体管111、112、121、122、131、和132的控制信号，从而中止开关稳定器电路110B、110C、和110D的运行，从而使晶体管保持在截止状态。而在这一状态时，开关稳定器110A如前所述，以正常方式工作。
图5显示多相电源500的另一实施例。图5中多相电源500与图1中多相电源100的不同之处在于省略了晶体管102、112、122和132。因此，图5中的开关稳定器，例如510A、510B、510C、和510D，不是同步调节器。各开关稳定器510的对应二极管，即二极管503、513、523或533，提供了返回路径，以便当相关晶体管截止时让电流流过，该相关晶体管即晶体管501、511、521或531。
多相电源的各不同实施例有利于使得在正常状态运行期间有相对高的载流能力，而在低功率运行状态期间有最小损耗。通过在低功率运行状态期间中止开关稳定器子集的操作，可消除与中止相关的开关稳定器的晶体管电容性切换损耗。因此，可改善电源的整体效率。
值得注意的是，虽然在上述实施例中为每一电源中描绘出总共4个开关稳定器，但在其它实施例中可设置其它数目的开关稳定器。同样，虽然在上述实施例中，当低功率运行状态时除了其中一个开关稳定器以外，所有其它的开关稳定器均中止运行，但在其它实施例中，可使任何数目的开关稳定器中止。
本领域技术人员一旦充分理解上述说明，即会认识到可对本发明作许多变动和修改。所附权利要求书范围应解释为包含所有这类变动和修改。
工业应用
本发明可应用于电源方面。

Claims (5)

1.一种电源，包括：
第一开关稳定器电路(110A)；
第二开关稳定器电路(110B)；
相位控制电路(150)，耦合连接于所述第一开关稳定器电路和所述第二开关稳定器电路，其中所述相位控制电路配置为产生多个切换控制信号，用以控制所述第一和第二开关稳定器电路的切换；
其特征在于所述相位控制电路配置为对于接收到低功率运行状态的信号指示加以响应，选择性地中止所述第一和第二开关稳定器电路的运行。
2.一种电源，包括：
第一开关稳定器电路(110A)；
第二开关稳定器电路(110B)；
第三开关稳定器电路(110C)；
第四开关稳定器电路(110D)；
相位控制电路(150)，耦合连接于所述第一开关稳定器电路、所述第二开关稳定器电路、所述第三开关稳定器电路、和所述第四开关稳定器电路，其中所述相位控制电路配置为产生多个切换控制信号，用以控制所述第一、第二、第三和第四开关稳定器电路的切换；
其特征在于所述相位控制电路配置成对于接收到低功率运行状态的信号指示加以响应，选择性地中止所述第二、第三、和第四开关稳定器电路的操作，以及
其中各第一、第二、第三和第四开关稳定器电路包括耦合连接于第一晶体管(101、111、121、131)和第二晶体管(102、112、122、132)的电感器(104、114、124、134)，其中所述第一晶体管耦接于导通时传送由电源送来的电流至所述电感器，而其中所述第二晶体管耦接于导通时传送由接地节点来的电流至所述电感器，以及其中所述相位控制电路配置成导通所述第一和第二晶体管而彼此有不同的相位。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电源，其中在所述低功率运行状态期间，所述相位控制电路(150)通过取消对于所述第二开关稳定器电路的多个信号中的至少一个信号，而选择性地中止所述第二开关稳定器电路(110B)的运行。
4.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的电源，其中每一所述第一和第二开关稳定器电路包括第一晶体管(101、111)和第二晶体管(102、112)，其中所述相位控制电路通过所述控制信号而选择性地触发和截止所述第一和第二晶体管。
5.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的电源，其中所述相位控制电路(150)选择性地启动和中止所述第一和第二开关稳定器电路，从而使所述第一和第二开关稳定器电路彼此有不同的相位。
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