CN1446208A - 海绵内酯和其类似物的制备方法 - Google Patents

海绵内酯和其类似物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1446208A
CN1446208A CN01813767A CN01813767A CN1446208A CN 1446208 A CN1446208 A CN 1446208A CN 01813767 A CN01813767 A CN 01813767A CN 01813767 A CN01813767 A CN 01813767A CN 1446208 A CN1446208 A CN 1446208A
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Abstract

本发明提供了更为实用的海绵内酯和结构相关类似物的合成制备方法,用于该方法的新化合物,以及由该方法制备的新化合物。

Description

海绵内酯和其类似物的制备方法
本发明涉及海绵内酯(DISCODERMOLIDE)和其类似物的制备方法,在该方法中采用的新化合物以及由该方法制备的新化合物。
发明背景 (+)-海绵内酯
(+)-海绵内酯是一种新的聚酮化合物类天然产物,它是由HarborBranch Oceanographic Institution(HBOI)的研究人员从海绵Discodermolide dissoluta的提取物中分离出来的(Gunasekera SP,Gunasekera M,Longley RE,Schulte GK.海绵内酯:一种来自海绵Discodermolide dissoluta的新型生物活性多羟基内酯[出版的勘误表出现于J.Org.Chem.1991;56:1346].J.Org.Chem.1990;55:4912-15.)。海绵内酯与紫杉醇缺乏明显的结构类似性,但其与紫杉醇(药物紫杉酚中的活性物质)均具有稳定微管的能力。在机理性实验中,海绵内酯比紫杉醇更加有效。事实上,已知的可导致纯化的微管蛋白聚合的少数化合物中,海绵内酯是最有效力的。但是,作为细胞中的主要结构组分,微管并不是微管蛋白的简单平衡聚合物。它们以α和β微管蛋白异二聚体在GTP-驱动下的受调控动态组装形式存在。虽然动力学在分裂间期细胞中是相对缓慢的,但在进入有丝分裂后,生长和缩短的速度会增加20至100倍,即平均的微管更新率为每十秒钟半数微管蛋白亚单元。这种速度上的变化允许拆除细胞骨架微管网络及组装成两极纺缍形微管排列。纺锤体附着于染色体上并牵引使它们分离。微管动力学受到完全抑制后的细胞反应是死亡。但是,有丝分裂细胞更为敏感,耐受性阈值似乎是细胞类型特异性的。与微管高亲合性结合的类似紫杉醇的分子会阻断肿瘤细胞中的动力学过程,导致致死性结果,即使在所结合药物与微管蛋白的比例非常低时也是如此。海绵内酯会与紫杉醇竞争性结合微管蛋白。由于紫杉醇已证明可用于治疗某些癌症,故具有相同机理的其它化合物也会在对抗高增生性疾病中有用。
由于缺乏化合物的可靠天然来源和可行的合成路线,从而阻碍了海绵内酯或结构相关类似物的开发前景。天然存在的海绵内酯非常稀少,故收获产生该化合物的生物存在逻辑上的问题。因此,日益需要改善的合成方法,以便能够制备商业上可接受数量的海绵内酯和结构相关类似物。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种更具有实用性的海绵内酯和其类似物的合成方法。在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及用于制备海绵内酯和其类似物的新化合物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及由本发明的方法制备的新化合物。发明详述
本发明的实质在于发现了更为实用的海绵内酯和其类似物的合成方法。更具体地说,业已发现,海绵内酯和其类似物可通过如下的三步反应制备:步骤1 步骤2
Figure A0181376700112
步骤3
Figure A0181376700121
其中,R1为(C1-6)烷基、苄基或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;R2为(C1-6)烷基或苄基;R3为氢、(C1-6)烷基、苄基、C(O)(C1-12)烷基、C(O)Ph、C(O)O(C1-12)烷基、C(O)OPh、C(O)NH(C1-12)烷基、C(O)NHPh或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;R3″为酸不稳定性羟基保护基;R4为氢或甲基;且X为O、NH、NCH3、S或CH2,条件是,当式I的化合物中X为O且R3为酸不稳定性羟基保护基时,式V化合物中的“-X-R3”部分为-OH。
关于各步骤,步骤1涉及式I的酮化合物与式II的醛化合物通过羟醛反应进行偶合而获得式III的β-羟基酮化合物。相对于式II的醛化合物,该偶合反应可方便地以1至20,优选5至15当量的式I酮化合物进行反应。偶合反应在下述试剂存在下进行:1)卤化二烷基硼或三氟甲磺酸二烷基硼,优选手性氯化硼或三氟甲磺酸硼,更优选β-氯二异松莰烯基硼烷;2)碱,优选胺,更优选三乙胺;和3)极性有机溶剂,优选醚,更优选乙醚,反应温度为-100℃至20℃,优选-78℃至-20℃,反应时间为2至72小时,优选16小时。
步骤2涉及式III的β-羟基酮化合物的还原反应,更具体地说是对该类化合物共同的酮基进行还原而获得式IV的1,3-二醇化合物。该还原反应在下述试剂存在下进行:1)酮还原剂,优选硼氢化物,如三乙酰氧基硼氢化四甲基铵;2)极性有机溶剂,优选乙腈;和3)质子溶剂,优选羧酸,如乙酸,反应温度为-78℃至20℃,优选-40℃至-10℃,反应时间为2至72小时,优选16小时。
步骤3涉及式IV化合物的内酯化和酸不稳定性羟基保护基的脱保护反应以获得式V化合物。内酯化和脱保护反应在下述试剂存在下进行:1)质子酸(protic acid),优选含水质子酸溶液,优选卤化氢的水溶液,如氯化氢水溶液;和2)极性有机溶剂,优选多种极性有机溶剂的混合物,更优选脂族醇与醚的混合物,如甲醇和四氢呋喃,反应温度为-20℃至40℃,优选20℃至25℃,反应时间为8小时至7天,优选16至72小时,更优选24至48小时。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及新的式I酮化合物:
其中,R1为(C1-6)烷基、苄基或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;
      R2为(C1-6)烷基或苄基;
      R3为氢、(C1-6)烷基、苄基、C(O)(C1-12)烷基、C(O)Ph、C(O)O(C1-12)烷基、C(O)OPh、C(O)NH(C1-12)烷基、C(O)NHPh或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;
      R4为氢或甲基;且
      X为O、NH、NCH3、S或CH2
优选的化合物为下式Ia的化合物:
其中,R1′和R2′均为(C1-6)烷基;
    X为O或CH2;且
    R3和R4如前定义。
更优选的化合物为式Ib的化合物:
其中,R3′为(C1-6)烷基、C(O)(C1-12)烷基、苄基、C(O)O(C1-12)烷基或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;和
      R1′和R2′如前定义。
甚至更优选的化合物为式Ic的化合物:
其中,R3″为酸不稳定性羟基保护基。
在上述定义中,本文中使用的术语“(C1-6)烷基”是指仅由碳和氢组成的并含有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链基团,而本文中使用的术语“(C1-12)烷基”是指仅由碳和氢组成的并含有1至12个碳原子的直链或支链基团。“烷基”基团的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、3-甲基戊基等。
本文中使用的术语“酸不稳定性羟基保护基”是指在暴露于酸后会被除去的任何氧结合基团。这类基团的众多实例是本领域技术人员公知的,可参看下述文献:Greene和Wuts,有机合成中的保护基团(Protective Groupsin Organic Synthesis),第2版,John Wiley&Sons,New York,1991。其具体实例包括但不限于:叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基、三异丙基甲硅烷基、甲氧基甲基和四氢吡喃基。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及式I新化合物的制备方法。更具体地说,式I化合物可按照下述步骤制备:步骤A 步骤B
Figure A0181376700152
其中R1、R2、R3、R4和X如前定义。
关于各步骤,步骤A涉及甲基或乙基基团与式VI的醛化合物的加成以获得式VII的醇化合物。加成反应在下述试剂存在下进行:1)有机金属试剂,优选烷基锂或烷基镁卤化物,如溴化甲基镁;和2)极性有机溶剂,优选醚,如乙醚,反应温度为-78℃至40℃,优选-78℃至0℃,更优选约-40℃,反应时间为5分钟至24小时,优选30分钟至2小时,更优选约1小时。
步骤B涉及式VII醇化合物的氧化反应,获得所需的式I酮化合物。该氧化反应在下述试剂存在下进行:1)氧化剂,优选二甲亚砜与活化剂的组合,更优选二甲亚砜和三氧化硫与吡啶的配合物的组合;2)碱,优选有机碱,更优选三烷基胺,如三乙胺;和3)极性有机溶剂,优选氯代烃,如二氯甲烷。该氧化反应适宜在-78℃至40℃,优选5℃至20℃下进行,反应时间为5分钟至24小时,优选1至12小时,更优选4至6小时。
式II和VI的醛化合物或者是公知的,或者可采用与文献中提出的用于其它结构类似的醛类化合物的方法相类似的方法制备。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及新的式IIIβ-羟基酮化合物和新的式IV 1,3-二醇化合物。
尽管,如果需要的话,上述每一反应中的产物均可采用常规技术进行纯化,如采用色谱法或重结晶法(如果为固体的话)纯化,但有利的是可以将一个反应的粗产物不经纯化就用于下一反应中。
对本领域技术人员很明显的是,式I和III-V化合物均包含不对称碳原子,因而,可以理解,各立体异构体均被认为包括在本发明的范围内。
下述实施例仅用于举例说明目的,并不旨在以任何方式对本发明范围构成限制。
                                实施例1(2R,3S,4R)-3-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-N-甲氧基-N,2,4-三甲基-5-氧代-己酰胺
在0℃下,向步骤1.1制备的13.1g(39.5mmol)非对映体混合物在包含150mL二氯甲烷,50mL二甲亚砜和25mL三乙胺的混合物中的溶液中经加料漏斗滴加在150mL二甲亚砜中的19.0g(120mmol)三氧化硫吡啶配合物。将形成的溶液在0℃下搅拌一个半小时,此后,反应混合物用旋转蒸发器在<10℃的冰浴中浓缩。然后,溶液用200mL乙醚稀释,再依次用200mL的1M硫酸氢钠溶液和200mL盐水萃取。然后有机层用硫酸钠干爆,粗混合产物进行快速色谱纯化,初始用己烷作为洗脱剂,然后用5%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液混合物作为洗脱剂,得到所需的化合物,为一种澄清油状物。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ4.23(dd,J=7.5,4.2Hz,2H),3.61(s,3H),3.01(s,3H),2.92(m,2H),2.64(m,2H),2.08(s,3H),1.03(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.98(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.81(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。
步骤1.1:(2R,3S,4S)-3-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-5-羟基-N-甲氧基-N,2,4-三甲基-己酰胺
在-40℃下,向6.9g(21.8mmol)(2R,3S,4R)-3-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-N-甲氧基-N,2,4-三甲基-5-氧代-戊酰胺在50mL乙醚中的溶液中滴加入10.2mL(30.5mmol)3M溴化甲基镁的乙醚溶液,此后,将混合物在-20℃下搅拌1小时。然后将反应混合物用200mL乙醚稀释,0℃下向反应混合物中加入20g的碎冰使反应停止。然后,混合物用100mL1M硫酸氢钠溶液洗涤,用两份150mL的乙醚进行分配。合并有机层,用硫酸钠干燥。将粗混合产物进行色谱处理,初始采用20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液混合物作为洗脱剂,再用40%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液混合物作为洗脱剂,得到两种非对映体,为浅黄色油状物,其不经纯化即可用于下一步骤。
非对映体1:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ4.08(dd,J=9.8,6.8Hz,2H),3.64(s,3H),3.54(d,J=2.6Hz,2H),3.08(s,3H),3.00(m,2H),1.48(m,2H),1.07(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.05(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.81(s,9H),0.76(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),0.01(d,J=3.8Hz,6H)。
非对映体2:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ4.19(dd,J=12.1,6.0Hz,2H),3.86(dd,J=9.0,1.51Hz,2H),3.56(s,3H),3.18(m,2H),3.01(s,3H),1.28(m,2H),1.06(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.94(d,6.4Hz,3H),0.88(d,7.2Hz,3H),0.78(s,9H),0.01(d,1.3Hz,6H)。
                                    实施例2(2R,3S,4R,7S,8Z,10S,11S,12S,13Z,16S,17R,18R,19S,20S,21E)-19-[(氨羰基)氧基]-3,11,17-三[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-7-羟基-N-甲氧基-N,2,4,10,12,14,16,18,20-九甲基-5-氧代-8,13,21,23-二十四碳四烯酰胺
在0℃下,向搅拌中的2.18g(6.79mmol,10当量)(+)-β-氯二异松莰烯基硼烷的4mL乙醚溶液中加入1.04mL(11当量,用氢化钙蒸馏)的三乙胺,然后加入2.25g(6.79mmol,10当量)实施例1化合物的3mL乙醚溶液。在0℃下搅拌2小时后,将混合物冷却至-78℃,此后,经套管加入预冷却(-78℃)的450mg(0.679mmol)(2Z,4S,5S,6S,7Z,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15E)-13-[(氨基-羰基)氧基]-5,11-二[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-4,6,8,10,12,14-六甲基-2,7,15,17-十八碳四烯醛的4mL乙醚溶液。将所得混合物在-78℃下维持3小时后,将其转移至冰库(-27℃)中16小时。然后,在0℃下用8mL甲醇(其pH值用12mL的缓冲液调节至7)和4mL的50%过氧化氢溶液使反应停止。在25℃下搅拌2小时后,分离有机层。然后水层用25mL一份的二氯甲烷萃取五次。合并后的有机层用硫酸镁干燥,用旋转蒸发器浓缩并进行色谱处理(Biotage,硅胶,10-30%梯度乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到所需化合物,为无色高粘稠性油状物。
[α]D+12.56°(c=1.0,CH2Cl2);IR(CH2Cl2)3547(m,OH),3359(m,CONH2),2958(Vs ),2990(Vs),1729(vs,C=O),1664(m),1462(s),1385(s),1254(s),1037(s),1037(s),1004(s),835(Vs);1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ6.61(1H,ddd,J=17.1,10.5,10.5Hz,H23),6.03(1H,dd,J=11.0,11.0Hz,H22),5.50(1H,dd,J=10.6,10.6Hz,H9),5.37(1H,dd,J=10.6,10.5Hz,H21),5.35(1H,dd,J=10.8,8.5Hz,H8),5.23(1H,dd,J=15.3,2.1Hz,H24A),5.13(1H,d,J=10.2Hz,H24B),5.05(1H,d,J=10.0Hz,H13),4.79(1H,t,J=8.0Hz,H7),4.72(1H,t,J=5.9Hz,H19),4.60-4.50(2H,br,CONH2),4.33(1H,dd,J=6.9,4.3Hz,H3),3.74(3H,s,NOCH3),3.43(1H,dd,J=5.0,4.1Hz,H17),3.31(1H,dd,J=5.2,5.1Hz,H11),3.13(3H,s,NCH3),3.08(1H,br,OH),3.00(1H,m,H20),2.78-2.69(2H,m,H4+H6A),2.70-2.62(1H,m,H10),2.66-2.54(2H,m,H2+H6B),2.49-2.45(1H,m,H12),2.12(1H,dd,J=12.4,12.3Hz,H15A),1.93-1.86(2H,m,H16+H18),1.76-1.65(1H,m,H15B),1.62(3H,s,Me14),1.14(3H,d,J=7.0Hz,Me2),1.11(3H,d,J=7.0Hz,Me4),1.00(3H,d,J=3.1Hz,Me20),0.99(3H,d,J=3.3Hz,Me10),0.96-0.90(21H,m,Me18+2xSiC(CH3)3),0.88(3H,d,J=6.6Hz,Me12),0.83(9H,s,SiC(CH3)3),0.73(3H,d,J=6.7Hz,Me16),0.10&0.08&0.04&0.03&0.03&0.01(6x3H,3xSi(CH3)2);
13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ212.9,175.9,156.9,136.0,133.7,132.1,131.9,131.3,129.8,129.6,117.9,80.6,78.7,76.8,73.6,64.9,62.1,61.3,54.7,53.1,51.7,49.0,45.1,44.9,37.9,37.1,36.2,35.9,35.0,34.4,30.0,29.1,26.26,26.24,25.97,23.0,18.51,18.5,18.43,18.14,17.43,16.44,13.5,10.99,10.1,-3.29,-3.4,-3.5,-3.9,-4.1,-4.4;m/z(ESI+)1017(100(MNa+))。
                                  实施例3(2R,3S,4S,5S,7S,8Z,10S,11S,12S,13Z,16S,17R,18RR,19S,20S,21E)-19-[(氨羰基)氧基]-3,11,17-三[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-5,7-二羟基-N-甲氧基-N,2,4,10,12,14,16,18,20-九甲基-8,13,21,23-二十四碳四烯酰胺
向1.02g(3.9mmol)三乙酰氧基硼氢化四甲基铵的2.2mL无水乙腈溶液中加入2.2mL无水乙酸,将混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。再将混合物冷却至-29℃,向冷却后的混合物中加入450mg(0.453mmol)实施例2化合物的1mL无水乙腈溶液。将形成的混合物再于-29℃下搅拌18小时,此后,用2mL0.5N的酒石酸钾钠水溶液使反应停止。再将混合物缓慢升温至室温,此后,用二氯甲烷对其稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤。之后,水层用二氯甲烷萃取四次。合并后的有机层用盐水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。将形成的残余物用快速色谱(Biotage,硅胶,10-30%梯度乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到所需的化合物,为白色固体。
[α]+29.75度(c=0.87,CH2Cl2);1H NMR(499.87MHz,CDCl3)δ6.60(1H,ddd,J=16.8,10.5,10.5Hz,H23),6.02(1H,t,J=11.0,H22),5.48(1H,dd,J=10.0,9.8Hz,H9),5.37(1H,dd,J=10.6,11.2Hz,H21),5.35(1H,dd,J=10.8,8.5Hz,H8),5.22(1H,d,J=15.8Hz,H24A),5.12(1H,d,J=10.2Hz,H24B),4.98(1H,d,J=10.1Hz,H13),4.79(1H,t,J=6.3Hz,H7),4.65(1H,t,J=5.9Hz,H19),4.60-4.50(2H,br,CONH2),4.20(1H,dd,J=7.7,2.3Hz,H3),3.92,(1H,m,H5),3.73(3H,s,NOCH3),3.45(1H,br,OH-5),3.41(1H,dd,J=10.9,4.7Hz,H17),3.31(1H,dd,J=5.2,5.1Hz,H11),3.18(3H,s,NCH3),3.08(1H,br,OH),2.99(1H,m,H20),267(1H,m,H10),2.43-2.41(2H,m),2.11(1H,t,J=12.3Hz),1.90-1.87(2H,m),1.76-1.58(10H,m),1.25(3H,t,Me),1.17(3H,d,J=7.1Hz,Me),0.99(3H,d,J=6.4Hz,Me),0.97(3H,d,J=6.5Hz,Me),0.93-0.83(30H,m,Me+3xSiC(CH3)3),0.71(3H,d,J=6.8Hz,Me),0.10&0.08&0.04&0.03&0.03&0.01(6x3H,3xSi(CH3)2)。13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ156.88,140.02,134.19,133.66,132.10,131.88,131.40,131.30,131.11,130.06,129.79,117.91,115.44,80.79,80.69,78.61,78.32,74.31,70.68,65.55,61.66,45.69,40.38,38.36,37.92,37.83,37.29,36.29,35.07,34.91,34.45,32.36,29.68,26.21,26.12,26.03,25.95,22.95,18.52,18.43,18.12,17.41,17.07,16.57,13.44,12.29,10.32,10.14,-3.20,-3.43,-3.96,-4.16,-4.48.m/z(ESI+)1019(100(MNa+))。
                                  实施例4
制备(+)-海绵内酯
向450mg(0.452mmol)实施例3化合物的56mL四氢呋喃溶液中加入56mL 4N盐酸水溶液。将形成的溶液在室温下搅拌24小时,再加入10mL的甲醇,然后将溶液于室温下再搅拌24小时。向溶液中加入50mL的乙酸乙酯,之后0℃下加入碳酸氢钠至pH值8。然后用盐水洗涤有机溶液。水层用30mL一份的乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并后的萃取液用硫酸钠干燥。过滤和浓缩后用快速色谱处理,初始采用50%二氯甲烷的乙酸乙酯溶液混合物作为洗脱剂,再用100%的乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到(+)-海绵内酯。
[α]+22.0°(c=1.41,MeOH);mp122-124℃;13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ176.8,160.33,134.17.133.92,133.88,133.59,133.28,131.59,131.00,118.80,80.66,80.22,78.48,76.48,73.66,63.70,44.56,42.60,38.79,37.71,36.92,36.77,36.69,34.97,34.62,23.45,19.73,18.25,18.11,16.05,15.84,13.27,9.44.m/z(ESI+)594(100(M+1+))。

Claims (16)

1.式V化合物的制备方法:
Figure A0181376700021
该方法包括,
第一步,使式I的酮化合物
Figure A0181376700022
与式II的醛化合物
Figure A0181376700023
在卤化二烷基硼或三氟甲磺酸二烷基硼、胺碱和极性有机溶剂存在下偶合,获得式III的β-羟基酮
Figure A0181376700031
第二步,在极性有机溶剂和质子溶剂中用硼氢化物试剂对第一步中获得的酮化合物进行还原,获得式IV的1,3-二醇
和第三步,用溶解于极性溶剂或多种溶剂的混合物中的卤化氢处理第二步中获得的1,3-二醇进行内酯化和酸不稳定性羟基保护基的脱保护,获得所需的式V化合物,其中R1为(C1-6)烷基、苄基或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;R2为(C1-6)烷基或苄基;R3为氢、(C1-6)烷基、苄基、C(O)(C1-12)烷基、C(O)Ph、C(O)O(C1-12)烷基、C(O)OPh、C(O)NH(C1-12)烷基、C(O)NHPh或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;R3″为酸不稳定性羟基保护基;R4为氢或甲基;且X为O、NH、NCH3、S或CH2,条件是,当式I化合物中X为O且R3为酸不稳定性羟基保护基时,式V化合物中的“-X-R3″部分为-OH。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,偶合步骤在-78℃至-20℃下,在β-氯二异松莰烯基硼烷、三乙胺和乙醚存在下进行。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,还原步骤在-40℃至-10℃下,在三乙酰氧基硼氢化四甲基铵、乙腈和乙酸存在下进行。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中内酯化和酸不稳定性羟基保护基的脱保护步骤在-20℃至40℃下,在含水氯化氢、甲醇和四氢呋喃存在下进行。
5.式I的化合物:
Figure A0181376700041
其中R1为(C1-6)烷基、苄基或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;
    R2为(C1-6)烷基或苄基;
    R3为氢、(C1-6)烷基、苄基、C(O)(C1-12)烷基、C(O)Ph、C(O)O(C1-12)烷基、C(O)OPh、C(O)NH(C1-12)烷基、C(O)NHPh或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;
R4为氢或甲基;且
X为O、NH、NCH3、S或CH2
6.根据权利要求5的式Ia的化合物:
其中,R1′和R2′均为(C1-6)烷基;
      X′为O或CH2;且
      R3和R4如权利要求5中的定义。
7.根据权利要求6的式Ib的化合物:
Figure A0181376700051
其中,R3′为(C1-6)烷基、C(O)(C1-12)烷基、苄基、C(O)O(C1-12)烷基或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;且
R1′和R2′如权利要求6中的定义。
8.根据权利要求7的式Ic的化合物:
Figure A0181376700052
其中,R3″为酸不稳定性羟基保护基。
9.根据权利要求8的化合物,其为(2R,3S,4R)-3-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-N-甲氧基-N,2,4-三甲基-5-氧代-己酰胺,具有下式
Figure A0181376700053
10.根据权利要求5的式I化合物的制备方法,该方法包括,第一步,在极性有机溶剂存在下使甲基或乙基有机金属试剂与式VI的醛进行加成反应,获得式VII的醇以及,第二步,在极性有机溶剂中用氧化剂和碱处理第一步中制备的醇化合物进行氧化,获得所需的式I化合物,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4和X如权利要求5中的定义。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中,加成步骤在-78℃至40℃下,在溴化甲基镁和乙醚存在下进行。
12.根据权利要求10的方法,其中,氧化步骤在-78℃至40℃下,在三氧化硫-吡啶配合物、三乙胺和二氯甲烷存在下进行。
13.式III的化合物:
其中,R1为(C1-6)烷基、苄基或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;
    R2为(C1-6)烷基或苄基;
    R3为氢、(C1-6)烷基、苄基、C(O)(C1-12)烷基、C(O)Ph、C(O)O(C1-12)
    烷基、C(O)OPh、C(O)NH(C1-12)烷基、C(O)NHPh或酸不稳定
    性羟基保护基;
    R4为氢或甲基;
    X为O、NH、NCH3、S或CH2;且
    每一个R3″都为酸不稳定性羟基保护基。
14.根据权利要求13的化合物,其为
(2R,3S,4R,7S,8Z,10S,11S,12S,13Z,16S,17R,18R,19S,20S,21E)-19-[(氨羰基)氧基]-3,11,17-三[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)-二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-7-羟基-N-甲氧基-N,2,4,10,12,14,16,18,20-九甲基-5-氧代-8,13,21,23-二十四碳四烯酰胺,其具有下式
Figure A0181376700071
15.式IV的化合物:
其中,R1为(C1-6)烷基、苄基或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;
      R2为(C1-6)烷基或苄基;
      R3为氢、(C1-6)烷基、苄基、C(O)(C1-12)烷基、C(O)Ph、C(O)O(C1-12)烷基、C(O)OPh、C(O)NH(C1-12)烷基、C(O)NHPh或酸不稳定性羟基保护基;
     R4为氢或甲基;
     X为O、NH、NCH3、S或CH2;且
     每一个R3″均为酸不稳定性羟基保护基。
16.根据权利要求5的化合物,其为
(2R,3S,4S,5S,7S,8Z,10S,11S,12S,13Z,16S,17R,18R,19S,20S,21E)-19-[(氨羰基)氧基]-3,11,17-三[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基甲硅烷基]氧基]-5,7-二羟基-N-甲氧基-N,2,4,10,12,14,16,18,20-九甲基-8,13,21,23-二十四碳四烯酰胺,其具有下式
Figure A0181376700081
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PL358839A1 (en) 2004-08-23
AU9372601A (en) 2002-02-18
NO328365B1 (no) 2010-02-01
IL154109A (en) 2008-11-03
CY1105338T1 (el) 2010-03-03
NO20030587L (no) 2003-02-06
PE20020263A1 (es) 2002-05-14
ATE330948T1 (de) 2006-07-15
NO20030587D0 (no) 2003-02-06
TWI251591B (en) 2006-03-21
NZ523999A (en) 2004-08-27
CA2416769A1 (en) 2002-02-14
CZ300855B6 (cs) 2009-08-26

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