CN1399864A - Citrullus colocynthis seed and its cultivation production method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a medicinal melon seed and its cultivation method, said seed not only can be eaten, but also possesses medicinal action. It contains several alkaloids, glycoside and trace elements, and its seed treatment technique includes the following steps: soaking seed in water with 75-80 deg.C, in the stage of hastening germination flushing with warm water for 1-2 times every day, sowing and sealing seedling bed, day temp. is 28-32 deg.C and night temp. is 20-22 deg.C, land preparation and applying high-quality organic fertilizer and harvesting ripe medicinal melon. According to its edible and medicinal value said medicinal melon seed can be processed.

Description

Citrullus colocynthis seed and cultivation production method thereof

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal melon cultivation.

The rural area vegetable variety is various at present, and especially gourd vegetables has tens kinds, and most melon kinds can only be done general edible, do not have a kind of melon can eating, and again pharmaceutically-active new varieties can be arranged.

The object of the invention adopts traditional vegetable growing technology, cultivates the medicine melon cultivation production method that makes new advances, and cultivates the drug melon and is widely used in the pharmaceutical preparation, wherein contains multiple biological alkali, glucoside and trace element etc., the function of taking body-building for a long time.

Technical scheme of the present invention is Citrullus colocynthis seed and cultivation and production technology thereof.Citrullus colocynthis seed is light yellow, lanceolar, and long 16-18mm, wide 7-10mm, thick 3-5mm, thousand kernel weight is 120-200g.At normal temperatures, the year of germinateing is limited to 4-5, and be 2-3 service life.Seed is dispersed into rough leaf and appears as germination period, and the growth of this phase rice shoot mainly is to rely in the seed to be housed in nutrient, belongs to it and supports period.Be exposed to from rough leaf that to begin to take out climing be the seedling phase.Seedling phase and germination period need about 30 days altogether, and the required nutrient of seedling phase growth mainly is to make by self leaf photosynthesis, i.e. the autotrophy stage.It is to take out the climing phase that seedling finishes to show flower bud to plant.This growth is obviously accelerated phase, the climing all ramps of master, and bud is also at differential growth promptly.Gathering to fruit maturation from the apparent flower bud of plant is the phase of yielding positive results.Because the medicine melon is to be used as medicine with ripe melon, so fruiting period is longer, generally at 40-60 days.

Broadcast preceding 3-5 days, seed through after selecting, is placed under the sun and shone 1-2 days, with the mud seed selection, pick out thin seed and have viral seed then.With hoting water treatment of seeds, seed is put into the basin of clean no greasy dirt, pour 75-80 ℃ warm water into, ceaselessly stir, fall 25-30 ℃ to water temperature and continued bubble 4-6 hour, pull out and multiplexing flushing with clean water towards a direction, squeeze and remove excessive moisture, it is dry to kind of skin to dry in the air, and wraps with clean wet cloth and carries out vernalization.Vernalization needs to carry out under 25-30 ℃ environment, and every day must be with warm water towards 1-2 time during the vernalization, after dry in the air to the dry vernalization again of kind of skin, 2-3 days begin to sprout, the most of kind showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally in 3-4 days, the long 0.5cm of bud can sow.

The preparation of nutritive cube is the container that the medication melon is educated thunder, can adopt plastics nutritive cube (8 * 8cm or 9 * 9cm).

The raw material of nutrition soil generally divides major ingredient and auxiliary material, and major ingredient divides two kinds again, and a kind of is vegetable garden soil or the beans ground surface soil of the melon and solanberry class crop of gutless in recent years mistake; Another kind is the mule and horse donkey class of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed or bacterium chaff etc., and soil, excrement ratio are seed bed 6: 4, transplants bed 7: 3.Auxiliary material is chicken brid guano or the big argol that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed.Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer, 15 kilograms of every cubic metre of nutrition soil need adding chicken brid guano or big argol, each 1 kilogram of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate or replace above-mentioned two kinds of fertilizer with 1.5 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, other adds 30 kilograms of ash or replaces ash with 1 kilogram of potassium sulphate, the auxiliary material fully mixing of back that will sieve is packed the nutrition soil for preparing in the nutritive cube into, makes it reach eighty per cant full after dress is real, then put the seedbed, watering before broadcasting runs through it.

The morning that choosing is fine, with little bamboo chip at nutritive cube central authorities straight cutting one pitting, the radicle of vernalization seed vertically unfolded put into the cave, and be attached on the cliff, gather around soil from opposite side and choke bud, seal seed with the wet soil that sieves, earthing is too not thick, generally about 1.5cm, mu field seed 1000-1100 grain.

After planting salable seedbed, the white last 28-32 of temperature ℃, 20-22 ℃ of night, to emerge as early as possible with assurance, seedling will suitably reduce temperature after being unearthed, 22-25 ℃ of daytime, be deployed into definite value preceding about 10 day from rough leaf 16-18 ℃ of night, and definite value reduced temperature in preceding 7-10 days again, strengthen ventilation, carry out rice shoot and temper 18-22 ℃ of daytime, 10-14 ℃ of night, can also give 4-6 ℃ low temperature in preceding 2-3 days to closing on definite value, when 2 true leaves of rice shoot launched, the expansion that seedling can be sticked together made it fully accept sunlight, to beat vola water at seeding time, can open up gesture according to plant after emerging, color, weather condition in time keeps the skin wet, and takes temperature control not control the principle of water, under the prerequisite that satisfies rice shoot moisture, by the control temperature, particularly nocturnal temperature is transferred the growth rate and the growing way of cutting rice shoot, makes rice shoot blade viridescent, plump, healthy and strong intact, hypocotyl is short and thick, the root body is pure white, well developed root system.

Site preparation and fertilization, medicine melon well developed root system, it is darker to bury, want meticulous whole ground before the field planting, per hectare is executed 7.5 ten thousand kilograms of high-quality fertilizers, 2250 kilograms in cake fertilizer, 1500 kilograms of superphosphate, the fertilising of ditching, having executed can water in ditch behind the fertilizer makes moisture in the soil, and water oozes back ridging on dressing furrow, the high 20cm in ridge, play weed killer herbicide then, covering film.

Plantation density is that average seeding row spacing is 0.8 * 1m, the dark 8-10cm in cave, and mu is planted seedling 835-850 strain, plants the back earthing, and Tu Tuo and ridge face maintain an equal level and are as the criterion.

Temperature treatment is that seal temperature is wanted in 5-7 days after field planting, improve temperature as far as possible, make and be not less than 14-17 ℃ night, leaf begins growth, the slow seedling of sign finishes, can suitably reduce temperature, remain on 25-30 ℃ daytime, remain on 12-15 ℃ night, to blooming the phase of bearing fruit, remain on 25-27 ℃ daytime, preferably remain on 15-18 ℃ night, daytime temperature is lower than 15 ℃ or be higher than 35 ℃, night is when being lower than 10-12 ℃ for a long time, the capital influences the normal development of flowers and fruits, and the pollination that is unfavorable for blooming finally causes fallen flowers and changes melon.

The moisture technology is the field planting initial stage, and outer Wen Shanggao can water one time seedling recovering water after field planting water, when climing long 30-40cm, generally do not water, can suitably restrain the growth of seedlings, after the climing long 30-40cm restraining the growth of seedlings of plant, can water one time water in conjunction with topdressing, after melon is sat, chase after disposable fertilizer again in conjunction with watering.

Lighting be at the medicine melon between breeding time in early spring, have the long general time to be in the low temperature and less sunshine stage, on film is selected, to select printing opacity good, dustproof, do not have a film of dripping, to increase intensity of illumination, under the prerequisite that does not reduce indoor temperature, straw mat is taken off late lid as early as possible, to prolong light application time.

Training medicine melon adopts continuous pinching pruning method, stay second or the 3rd first melon of female bow structure at main climing the 5th joint, side shoot all before the melon is extractd, and after melon, is stayed 2 leaves to connect, treat that lateral bine on the melon joint is sat melon after, still 2 leaf pinching after this melon, same melon joint all side shoots in addition of extracing, general every strain only allows ties a melon, thereby guarantees the inherent quality of melon, if conditions such as light, water, temperature, nutrition all possess, can tie two melons.

Artificial pollination and stay melon, medicine melon generally all select and remain second or the 3rd first melon of female bow structure, the method of staying melon is that main climing going up removed first female flower, stay second or the 3rd later female flower,, take the male flower of blooming on open same day during 7-10, its corolla is torn, be coated with strain with flower pesticide gently on each female chapiter to be pollinated, a general male flower can be awarded 2-3 female flower, if the male flower deficiency, available 2.4-D smears holder and column cap, after female flower was inseminated by pollination, ovary began to expand, when it increases weight to a certain degree, it is sagging that fruit is selected from right bending, after forming " curved neck ", this melon is sat substantially, and should strengthen water and fertilizer management this moment, if first melon energy and ground, can be on the melon underlay plank, tile to prevent high humidity, causes the food of stinging that rots melon or be subjected to soil insect.

Gather generally bloom the pollination after 3 week be the fastest time of fruit development, after this growth rate begins to slow down, the growth rate of melon is seen from the outside and is tending towards stopping, the lip-deep fine hair of melon is returned gradually, the atrophy gradually of melon handle, the medicine melon was ripe already, can gather, and the back of gathering processes according to edible, pharmaceutical usage.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of Citrullus colocynthis seed and cultivation production method thereof is characterized in that: Citrullus colocynthis seed is light yellow, lanceolar, and long 16-18mm, wide 7-10mm, thick 3-5mm, thousand kernel weight is 120-200g.At normal temperatures, the year of germinateing is limited to 4-5, and be 2-3 service life.

2, according to claims 1 described Citrullus colocynthis seed and cultivation production method thereof, it is characterized in that: seed processing technology is with 75-80 ℃ water logging kind, when water temperature drops to 25-30 ℃, continues bubble 4-6 hour, dries after pulling out.

3, according to claims 1 described Citrullus colocynthis seed and cultivation production method thereof, it is characterized in that: after planting seal the seedbed, day temperature 28-32 ℃, nocturnal temperature 20-22 ℃.