CN103650864B - Vine cutting and apex pinching cultivation method of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim - Google Patents
Vine cutting and apex pinching cultivation method of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vine cutting and apex pinching cultivation method of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. The method includes the step that the apexes of vines of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim plants are cut off in the period from August 25 to September 10. Apical dominance of the Trichosanthes kirilowii plants is remarkable in September, a large amount of young fruit can not be irradiated by sunlight after being borne by blooming plants in August, and the requirement that the fruit is basically mature can not be met when the fruit is picked in the period from the end of September to the beginning of October. According to the method, through apical dominance removal, the fruit of the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim can obtain adequate nutrition and enough sunlight, the skin of the fruit which is borne early can turn light yellow or yellow when the fruit is picked, white powder can exist on the surface of the skin of the fruit which is born in august, or the skin can turn light yellow or yellow. The method is easy and convenient to implement, the yield of snakegourd fruit produced by processing the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim fruit can be improved, the maturity of the snakegourd fruit is improved, and therefore the method has great application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to snakegourd technical field of cultivation, relate to a kind of snakegourd and cut rattan and to pinch cultivation method.
Background technology
The dry mature fruit of Curcurbitaceae Trichosanthes snakegourd (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.) is conventional Chinese medicine Snakegourd Fruit.The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China requires " during fruit maturation in autumn, connect carpopodium and cut, dry in the shade to ventilation "." Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " specifically describes as " there is white powder on pericarp surface for gathering time faint yellow, connects carpopodium and cutting, compiling and be linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then be hung on shady and cool ventilation place and dry ".
Snakegourd is perennial liane, and the duration of bearing fruit of blooming is long.The ground such as Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui are the main Snakegourd Fruit producing region of China, arrive the phase of bearing fruit having unbroken more than four months by the end of August from early May, generally carry out disposable harvesting at the beginning of by the end of September by 10 months and carry out after-ripening processing.(not containing August) snakegourd fruit of bearing fruit of blooming before August, the requirement of " there is white powder on surface ", " pericarp is faint yellow " can be reached when October plucks, the after-ripening processing process of drying in the shade through ventilation, dry ripening fruits can be obtained, reach the degree of tool caramel gas, the quality requirement of fulfilling medicinal Snakegourd Fruit.To bloom after August and August the snakegourd fruit of bearing fruit, the appearance requirement of " there is white powder on surface ", " pericarp is faint yellow " is not reached when plucking at the beginning of 10 months, even if through the After-ripening dried in the shade, rind appearance is catastrophic collapse still, fruit flesh and seed are white, do not have ripe kernel, be commonly called as " flat seed " or " the white flesh of white seed " in seed, fruit does not reach ripe requirement yet, can not meet the medicinal material basic demand that Snakegourd Fruit is snakegourd ripening fruits.And, bloom the snakegourd fruit of bearing fruit after after-ripening processing after August and August, the index of the embodiment such as vertical footpath, transverse diameter, single fruit weight, total sugar content, the content of reducing sugar quality of dry fruit all obviously declines, difference [the Sun Wen of significance is revealed with the snakegourd sporocarp that bears fruit of blooming before August, nest will is luxuriant, Wang Chun, Wu Xiaoyi, Yang Baocheng, Tan Zhigao: difference is born fruit the sugar of phase Snakegourd Fruit and quality correlation research, China's traditional Chinese medicine information magazine, 2013,20(4): 57-59].
In addition, in Hebei most area, especially Anguo City one is with, and the snakegourd of cultivation is mostly " wheat stubble snakegourd ".After the snakegourd fruit harvest of the previous year, plantation wheat of usually will ploughing, the radices trichosanthis being positioned at the shallow table in stratum can be impaired by the mechanical cutting of ploughing.After wheat maturation, the often how high harvesting wheat head of a liftoff chi, at this moment, the snakegourd rattan seedling comparatively early grown out can be cut off by wheat harvester, and is subject to artificial trampling, and early stage seedling is sustained damage.Although the wheat stubble stayed can be left, snakegourd climbs that rattan grows, blooms, result, and the growth fraction of snakegourd is comparatively slow, blooms more late, and bear fruit comparatively slow, most snakegourd all will could be bloomed and bear fruit to August.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of snakegourd to cut rattan and to pinch cultivation method.
The invention provides a kind of snakegourd plant to cut rattan and to pinch cultivation method, comprise the steps:, during August 25 to September 10, to cut off the top of the tendril of snakegourd plant.
The method of described " cutting off the top of the tendril of snakegourd plant " is specific as follows: for the snakegourd tendril born fruit, and deduct the top of tendril at the position of distance fruit at least 1 meter, the tendril remained has 5-10 sheet greenery.
Described method also can comprise the steps:, during August 25 to September 10, to cut off the snakegourd tendril do not born fruit.
In described method, the field of plantation snakegourd can be field from which wheat has been reaped, but is not limited to field from which wheat has been reaped.
The region that described method is suitable for is specially: north latitude 31 °-45 °.The region that described method is suitable for is specially: north latitude 37.5 °-41 °.The region that described method is suitable for is specially: north latitude 33 °-37.5 °.The region that described method is suitable for is specially: east longitude 73 °-east longitude 123 °.The region that described method is suitable for is specially: east longitude 110 °-east longitude 123 °.
The region that described method is suitable for specifically can be Hebei province (east longitude 113 ° of 04'-119 ° of 53', north latitude 36 ° of 01'-42 ° of 37'), Shanxi Province (east longitude 110 ° of 14'-114 ° of 33', north latitude 34 ° of 34'-40 ° of 43'), Shandong Province (east longitude 114 ° of 19'-122 ° of 43', north latitude 34 ° of 22'-38 ° of 23'), Henan Province (east longitude 110 ° of 21'-116 ° of 39', north latitude 31 ° of 23'-36 ° of 22'), Xinjiang province (east longitude 73 ° 41 '-96 ° 18 ', north latitude 34 ° 22 '-49 ° 33 ') Urumqi City on the south (containing Urumqi City) or Shaanxi Province (east longitude 105 ° 29 '-111 ° 15 ', north latitude 31 ° 42 '-39 ° 35 ').Urumqi City's (east longitude 86 ° 37 '-88 ° 58, north latitude 42 ° 45 '-44 ° 08 ').The region that described method is suitable for more specifically can be in the compass of competency of Anguo City, Hebei (east longitude 115.3 °, north latitude 38.41 °) or Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan city (east longitude 114.35 °, north latitude 36.1 °).
The ground such as Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui are the main Snakegourd Fruit producing region of China.
For Beijing and region, Hebei, (Anguo City, Hebei province is Typical Representative, comprises Datong City, Shanxi Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei province etc.; North latitude 37.5 °-41 °), the snakegourd of cultivation is mostly " wheat stubble snakegourd ", even if built, field management are well-done, snakegourd plant substantially also obtains could blooming in large quantities and bears fruit August.
For Henan, Shandong and region, Shanxi, (Anyang in Henan province is Typical Representative, comprises the Jinan City in Shandong, Mount Taishan city, Jining City, the ground such as Houma City, Yuncheng in Shanxi; North latitude 33 °-37.5 °), the blooming of this region is born fruit and is had larger relation with field management, generally blooms in July and August and bears fruit, the bad words of field management bloom bear fruit just evening to August.
With regard to phenomenon, can shine after bearing fruit just can be ripe quickly to the fruit of the sun, and the fruit maturation that can not shine the sun is just slow.Cut rattan, the object of pinching is exactly arrive the sun in order to fruit can be shone, eliminate apical dominance simultaneously, allow nutrition can be supplied to fruit more.
September is kirilowii plant apical dominance more significant period, bloom August and after a large amount of young fruit of bearing fruit is beared fruit, can not get the irradiation of sunlight, the requirement be mature on the whole is not reached when plucking at the beginning of-10 months by the end of September, although dry fruit also can be obtained after carrying out long-term Aging storage, the weight of the dry product obtained after drying is generally the 14.6%-16.6% of fresh fruit weight, and seed major part wherein can not maturation even completely can not be ripe, the output causing Chinese medicine Snakegourd Fruit is thus not high, the quality of Snakegourd Fruit also obviously declines, and has had a strong impact on clinical efficacy.By removing apical dominance in the present invention, the fruit of snakegourd is enable to obtain sufficient nutrition, and obtain enough solar radiation, fruit pericarp between picking time of bearing fruit in early days can be made to change yellow into, and it is faint yellow or yellow that the pericarp surface of the fruit of bearing fruit August can be made to have white powder to be even transformed into, the weight of the dry product obtained after after-ripening processing can reach the 17.6%-19.4% of fresh fruit weight, in fruit, most seed can obtain maturation, reaches the object improving Snakegourd Fruit seed output and quality.The present invention is easy and simple to handle, the output increased 15%-35% of the Snakegourd Fruit that fresh snakegourd fruit can be made to process, improves the maturity of Snakegourd Fruit simultaneously, significantly reduces the ratio of the immature snakegourd fruit of the white flesh of white seed, thus improve the quality of Snakegourd Fruit, there is great using value.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Embodiment 1, to test in Snakegourd Fruit producing region (Anguo City in Hebei)
Test in existing Snakegourd Fruit producing region (Anguo City in Hebei, wheat stubble snakegourd field), 6 groups of process are set and (often organize process and comprise 3 pieces of experimental field, at least 3 points of ground, every block experimental field; First group is experimental group to the 3rd group, and 1 year raw snakegourd is planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of first group, and 2 years raw snakegourds are planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of second group, and 3 years raw snakegourds are planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of the 3rd group; 4th group is control group to the 6th group: 1 year raw snakegourd is planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of the 4th group, 2 years raw snakegourds are planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of the 5th group, 3 years raw snakegourds are planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of the 6th group), field management is all carried out by the method for existing cultivation snakegourd in each experimental field, and difference is only that first group to the 3rd group increases and of the present inventionly cut rattan and to pinch operation.
Rattan method of operating of pinching of cutting of the present invention is: during August 25 to September 10: for the snakegourd tendril born fruit, and deduct the top of tendril at the position of the fruit at least 1 meter of distance top, the tendril remained has 5-10 sheet greenery; Cut off the snakegourd tendril do not born fruit.
Control group (October 1, before harvesting): shoot growth is vigorous, and fruit almost be can't see under the covering of tendril, and fruit and tendril are dark green, is difficult to the fruit seeing " there is white powder on surface " and " pericarp is faint yellow or yellow ".October 1 plucked, and the per mu yield fresh fruit amount of the 4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group is respectively 820kg, 1220kg and 1410kg.Fresh fruit drying mode processing traditionally (connects carpopodium to cut, volume is linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then be hung on shady and cool ventilation place to dry), the per mu yield dry fruit amount of the 4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group is respectively the fresh and dried ratio of 120kg(and is: 1:6.8), the fresh and dried ratio of 190kg(is: 1:6.4) and the fresh and dried ratio of 230kg(be: 1/6.1).By the formula of " dry fruit weight/fresh fruit weight × 100% ", calculate dry and fresh fruit percentage by weight and be respectively 14.6%, 15.6% and 16.3%.In the dry fruit of all acquisitions, about 75% have that fruit is shrivelled, exocarp catastrophic collapse, color and luster are gloomy, seed is immature, the light crisp look of flesh greyish white inviscid, without the problem of caramel gas, the quality requirement of Snakegourd Fruit medicinal material can not be reached.Quantitative data is the mean value of 3 pieces of experimental field.
Experimental group (October 1, before harvesting): can observe that shoot growth obtains suppression, sparse, the most of fruit of quantity of leaf is exposed to field, it is faint yellow or yellow for can seeing only about half of slightly many fruits, the fruit of about 1/4th meets the appearance requirement of " there is white powder on surface ", only has the fruit of about 1/5th to be dark green.October 1 plucked, and the per mu yield fresh fruit amount of first group, second group and the 3rd group is respectively 860kg, 1270kg and 1470kg.Fresh fruit drying mode processing traditionally (connects carpopodium to cut, volume is linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then be hung on shady and cool ventilation place to dry), the per mu yield dry fruit amount of first group, second group and the 3rd group is respectively the fresh and dried ratio of 160kg(and is: 1/5.4), the fresh and dried ratio of 240kg(is: 1/5.3), the fresh and dried ratio of 285kg(is: 1/5.2).By the formula of " dry fruit weight/fresh fruit weight × 100% ", calculate dry and fresh fruit percentage by weight and be respectively 18.6%, 18.9% and 19.4%.In the dry fruit of all acquisitions, about 95% is ripening fruits, and (completely filled fruit, shrinkage degree are lighter to reach the qualified quality requirement of Snakegourd Fruit medicinal material; Fruit yellow; Fruit flesh tool viscosity, in burnt sugar coloring, there is caramel gas; Seed maturity, full, taupe, has full kind benevolence).Quantitative data is the mean value of 3 pieces of experimental field.
According to the formula of " (experimental group dry fruit weight-control group dry fruit weight)/control group dry fruit weight × 100% ", calculate the per mu yield increase rate of snakegourd dry fruit, be respectively 33.3%, 26.3% and 23.9%.
Embodiment 2, to test in Snakegourd Fruit producing region (Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan city)
Test in existing Snakegourd Fruit producing region (Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan city, non-wheat stubble snakegourd field), 6 groups of process are set and (often organize process and comprise 3 pieces of experimental field, at least 3 points of ground, every block experimental field; First group is experimental group to the 3rd group, and 1 year raw snakegourd is planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of first group, and 2 years raw snakegourds are planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of second group, and 3 years raw snakegourds are planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of the 3rd group; 4th group is control group to the 6th group: 1 year raw snakegourd is planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of the 4th group, 2 years raw snakegourds are planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of the 5th group, 3 years raw snakegourds are planted in 3 pieces of experimental field of the 6th group), field management is all carried out by the method for existing cultivation snakegourd in each experimental field, and difference is only that first group to the 3rd group increases and of the present inventionly cut rattan and to pinch operation.
Rattan method of operating of pinching of cutting of the present invention is: during August 25 to September 10: for the snakegourd tendril born fruit, and deduct the top of tendril at the position of the fruit at least 1 meter of distance top, the tendril remained has 5-10 sheet greenery; Cut off the snakegourd tendril do not born fruit.
Control group (October 1, before harvesting): shoot growth is vigorous, fruit is under tendril and rack, because fruit and tendril are dark green, almost fruit is can't see above tendril, but can see the fruit of " there is white powder on surface " and " pericarp is faint yellow or yellow " in rack, this fruit reaching appearance requirement can reach about 20%.October 1 plucked, and the per mu yield fresh fruit amount of the 4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group is respectively 820kg, 1510kg and 2210kg.Fresh fruit drying mode processing traditionally (connects carpopodium to cut, volume is linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then be hung on shady and cool ventilation place to dry), the per mu yield dry fruit amount of the 4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group is respectively the fresh and dried ratio of 130kg(and is: 1:6.3), the fresh and dried ratio of 245kg(is: 1:6.2) and the fresh and dried ratio of 355kg(be: 1:6.2).By the formula of " dry fruit weight/fresh fruit weight × 100% ", calculate dry and fresh fruit percentage by weight and be respectively 15.9%, 16.2% and 16.1%.In the dry fruit of all acquisitions, about 30% have that fruit is shrivelled, exocarp catastrophic collapse, color and luster are gloomy, seed is immature, the light crisp look of flesh greyish white inviscid, without the problem of caramel, the quality requirement of Snakegourd Fruit traditional Chinese medicine can not be reached.
Experimental group (October 1, before harvesting): can observe that shoot growth obtains suppression, sparse, the fruit of quantity of leaf is suspended on rack one by one, be achieve great success, the fruit can seeing 3/4ths is faint yellow or yellow, the fruit of 1/4th meets the appearance requirement of " there is white powder on surface ", seldom sees dark green fruit.October 1 plucked, and the per mu yield fresh fruit amount of first group, second group and the 3rd group is respectively 850kg, 1550kg and 2250kg.Fresh fruit drying mode processing traditionally (connects carpopodium to cut, volume is linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then be hung on shady and cool ventilation place to dry), the per mu yield dry fruit amount of first group, second group and the 3rd group is respectively the fresh and dried ratio of 150kg(and is: 1/5.7), the fresh and dried ratio of 290kg(is: 1/5.3), the fresh and dried ratio of 430kg(is: 1/5.2).By the formula of " dry fruit weight/fresh fruit weight × 100% ", calculate dry and fresh fruit percentage by weight and be respectively 17.6%, 18.7% and 19.1%.In the dry fruit of all acquisitions, more than 95% is ripening fruits, and (completely filled fruit, shrinkage degree are lighter to reach the qualified quality requirement of Snakegourd Fruit medicinal material; Fruit yellow; Fruit flesh tool viscosity, in burnt sugar coloring, there is caramel gas; Seed maturity, full, taupe, has full kind benevolence).
According to the formula of " (experimental group dry fruit weight-control group dry fruit weight)/control group dry fruit weight × 100% ", calculate the per mu yield increase rate of snakegourd dry fruit, be respectively 15.4%, 18.4% and 21.1%.
Claims (1)
1. snakegourd plant is pinched a cultivation method, comprises the steps:, during August 25 to September 10, to cut off the top of the tendril of snakegourd plant; The method of described " cutting off the top of the tendril of snakegourd plant " is as follows: for the snakegourd tendril born fruit, and deduct the top of tendril at the position of distance fruit at least 1 meter, the tendril remained has 5-10 sheet greenery;
The Classification system of described snakegourd is
trichosanthes kirilowiimaxim.;
Cut off the snakegourd tendril do not born fruit;
The field of plantation snakegourd is field from which wheat has been reaped;
Described snakegourd plant pinch cultivation method be suitable for region as follows: east longitude 113 ° of 04'-119 ° of 53', north latitude 36 ° of 01'-42 ° of 37', east longitude 110 ° of 14'-114 ° of 33', north latitude 34 ° of 34'-40 ° of 43', east longitude 105 ° 29 '-111 ° 15 ', north latitude 31 ° 42 '-39 ° 35 ', east longitude 114 ° of 19'-122 ° of 47', north latitude 34 ° of 22'-38 ° of 23', east longitude 110 ° of 21'-116 ° of 39', north latitude 31 ° of 23'-36 ° of 22'.
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| CN104145700B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-07-20 | 广州白云山中一药业有限公司 | The cultural method of Radix Trichosanthis medical material |
| CN109122685B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-10-09 | 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所 | Application of pendimethalin in seedling control of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim |
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| CN1399864A (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2003-03-05 | 吴恩信 | Citrullus colocynthis seed and its cultivation production method |
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