CN104145700B - The cultural method of Radix Trichosanthis medical material - Google Patents
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- CN104145700B CN104145700B CN201410432255.5A CN201410432255A CN104145700B CN 104145700 B CN104145700 B CN 104145700B CN 201410432255 A CN201410432255 A CN 201410432255A CN 104145700 B CN104145700 B CN 104145700B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the cultural method of a kind of Radix Trichosanthis medical material, comprise the following steps: A, fertilising rotary tillage；B, loosen the soil ridging；C, kind root choosing are cut；D, kind root plantation；E, built；F, excavate.The present invention is by choosing suitable built mode and collecting method, and by the seedling specification optimized, implantation methods, collecting time, the mutually coordinated cooperation of field management links, ensures the quality of Chinese crude drug Radix Trichosanthis, improves yield simultaneously and reduces cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant cultivation method, particularly relate to the cultural method of a kind of Radix Trichosanthis medical material.
Background technology
Radix Trichosanthis brief introduction: Radix Trichosanthis is the dry root of Hu Lu section snake gourd (TrichosanthesL.) Trichosanthes kirilowii TrichosantheskirilowiiMaxim. or trichosanthes rosthornii Harms TrichosanthesrosthorniiHarms.Radix Trichosanthis has promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, pathogenic fire reducing to moisturize, effect of evacuation of pus detumescence, is used for treating the disease such as cough due to lung-heat, Tianjin wound thirsty, diabetes, skin infection furuncle and phyma.At present, Radix Trichosanthis wild resource faces scarcity, primarily now relies on artificial culture to meet medication demand, belongs to one of market medical material kind more salable.
The current condition of production: 1. habit, Radix Trichosanthis happiness warm and moist, on the sunny side environment, more cold-resistant, drought-enduring, its root can go deep into 1m～2m in soil；2. tradition plantation, select high and dry on the sunny side, the convenient plot of irrigation and drainage, many application of organic fertilizers, turn over leveling, do wide furrow, flatten furrow face after watering 3～5 days to wait to broadcast, produce general with the tuber of rhizome for seeling industry Radix Trichosanthis, select annual mid-March the rhizome of staminiferous plant Fructus Trichosanthis of life in 1～2 year as propagating materials, it can be ensured that the quality and benefits of Radix Trichosanthis medical material, after autumn or after the beginning of spring, Fructus Trichosanthis rhizome is all dug out, remove reed head and earth, the crust of root is scraped off, or dry after section and be Chinese crude drug Radix Trichosanthis.
At present, the plantation of Fructus Trichosanthis all adopts traditional dimension stereo agriculture planting method, and the yield of its tuber Radix Trichosanthis is relatively very low, and specification is little, of poor quality, it is impossible to meet the market demand, excavate recruitment in addition many, human cost continues to increase, and planting benefit significantly reduces, the plantation enthusiasm at serious blow plantation family；In consideration of it, improve medical material quanlity by key control links parameter, it is ensured that medical material high price enters the market, optimize each planting link simultaneously and save planting cost, become Fructus Trichosanthis planting technology field instantly and need a difficult problem for solution badly.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to for the problems referred to above, it is provided that the cultural method of the Radix Trichosanthis medical material of a kind of Quality and economy.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
The cultural method of a kind of Radix Trichosanthis medical material, comprises the following steps: A, fertilising rotary tillage；B, loosen the soil ridging；C, kind root choosing are cut；D, kind root plantation；E, built；F, excavating, the described step B ridging that loosens the soil is: being undertaken loosening the soil by plot good for deep rotary tillage and ridging, the line-spacing of ridging is identical, and before February to grain rains, moisture creating standby is broadcast；
The choosing of described step C kind root is cut to: choose appearance complete, without pest and disease damage and diameter at the rhizome of the Fructus Trichosanthis staminiferous plant of 2.5cm～3.5cm, carries out cutting after choosing, and cutting requires to be weight 25～50g, obtains kind of a root；
The plantation of described step D kind root is: plant by spacing in the rows 30cm～35cm on ridge；
Described step E built is: with two ridges for one group, takes " people " shaped frame；
Described step F excavate for: plantation is emerged to plantation and is carried out before after autumn then the Frost's Descent beginning of spring next year.
Wherein in some embodiments, in described step B, the line-spacing of ridging is 50cm～55cm.
The present invention is preferably able to guarantee the emergence rate of Fructus Trichosanthis and early growth requirement about the diameter etc. of kind of root, line-spacing during plantation after preferably and spacing in the rows, " people " shaped frame in conjunction with preferably height can be greatly increased illuminating area, soil and illumination resource can be maximally utilised, abovementioned technology all advantageously ensures that Radix Trichosanthis quality of medicinal material, increases economic benefit simultaneously.
Wherein in some embodiments, in described step C, described kind of root is the rhizome of the Fructus Trichosanthis staminiferous plant excavated in 20 days, and cutting requires as weight 30～50g, plantation in 5 days after cutting.
Wherein in some embodiments, in described step D, the planting patterns of described kind of root, for lie on described ridge by described kind of root, down steps on 4cm～5cm, then earthing 5cm～6cm.First jam on, the selection of rear earthing, not only contribute to taking root of kind of root, and do not interfere with kind of root and germinate and be unearthed.
Wherein in some embodiments, in described step E, described " people " shaped frame height is 1.2m～1.5m.Adopt bamboo cane, steel wire and nylon mesh material, it is barricaded as " people " font rattan teapoy, and control cage is high at 1.2～1.5m, in conjunction with preferred spacing in the rows and line-spacing, illuminating area 200～250% can be increased, thus increasing accumulation and the yield of Radix Trichosanthis medical material effective ingredient, simultaneously also by cost control in a relatively low scope.
Wherein in some embodiments, in described step F, first ditching with excavator, more manually dig, described excavator trench digging is in two middle parts, ridge, and trench digging width is 45cm～50cm, and ditching depth is 80cm～90cm.Collecting time has been carried out preferably by the present invention, compares different harvest time quality of medicinal material, it was shown that to before freeze-up or before the emerging of the beginning of spring, quality of medicinal material is best after the Frost's Descent.The collecting method of the present invention adopts excavator trench digging, improves and excavates efficiency, decreases the waste excavating labour, and that excavates in addition is more complete and clean, improves the quality of Radix Trichosanthis medical material, decreases medical material residual simultaneously, improves yield, add economic benefit.
The present invention relative to beneficial effect and the advantage of prior art is:
(1) present invention is by the isoparametric emergence rate being preferably able to guarantee Fructus Trichosanthis of kind of root diameter and early growth requirement, spacing in the rows during plantation combines " people " shaped frame can be greatly increased illuminating area thus maximally utilising soil and illumination resource, and collecting time has been specified, relatively different harvest time quality of medicinal material, before emerging to beginning of spring next year after showing the Frost's Descent, quality of medicinal material is best, can be significantly improved quality and the yield of Radix Trichosanthis medical material by above-mentioned preferred planting type；
(2) present invention take first to jam on, the implantation methods of rear earthing, not only contribute to taking root of kind of seedling, and do not interfere with seedling and germinate and be unearthed；Abovementioned technology all advantageously ensures that Radix Trichosanthis quality of medicinal material, increases economic benefit simultaneously；
(3) present invention adopts bamboo cane, steel wire and nylon mesh material, it is barricaded as " people " font rattan teapoy, and control cage is high at 1.2～1.5m, increases illuminating area 200～250%, can increase accumulation and the yield of Radix Trichosanthis medical material effective ingredient, simultaneously also by cost control in a relatively low scope；
(4) collecting method of the present invention first adopts excavator to ditch, trench digging descendant very easily just can dig out by Radix Trichosanthis, time saving and energy saving, and it is more complete and complete to dig medical material, it is possible to improve and excavate efficiency, decrease the waste excavating labour, that excavates in addition is more complete and clean, improves the quality of Radix Trichosanthis medical material, decreases medical material residual simultaneously, improve yield, add economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be Radix Trichosanthis medical material of the present invention cultural method in " people " shaped frame schematic diagram；In figure, carry out built for one group together with two ridges；
Fig. 2 be Radix Trichosanthis medical material of the present invention cultural method in " people " shaped frame schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the collecting method in the cultural method of Radix Trichosanthis medical material of the present invention: in figure, and first excavator leaves a wide 45～50cm, the ditch of deep 80～90cm between Liang Long, and trench digging must in the middle on ridge, and namely ditch both sides are Radix Trichosanthis growth site.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment cannot be used for limiting the scope of the invention.Various raw material used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional commercial product, all can pass through market purchase and directly obtain.
Embodiment 1
Implementing place is a Pharmaceutical Radix Trichosanthis base in Nan Jia village, Xingtai City Nanhe County Community in Baiyunshan, Guangzhou, and the time is 2012～2013, specific as follows:
The cultural method of a kind of Radix Trichosanthis medical material, comprises the following steps:
A, fertilising rotary tillage: early Febuary every mu executes farm manure 4 cubic metres, compoiste fertilizer (root power is many) 260 kilograms, carries out rotary tillage after fertilising, and 30cm is ploughed deeply in rotary tillage；
B, loosen the soil ridging: being undertaken loosening the soil by plot good for deep rotary tillage and ridging, the line-spacing of ridging is identical, and for 55cm, pine soil depth 80cm, width 20cm, moisture creating standby is broadcast；
C, planting root choosing and cut: the appearance excavated in selecting 20 days is complete, without pest and disease damage and diameter at the rhizome of the Fructus Trichosanthis staminiferous plant of 2.5cm～3.5cm, carry out cutting after selecting, cutting requires to be weight 30～50g, obtains kind of a root, plantation in 3 days after cutting；
D, kind root plantation: mid-February, according to spacing in the rows 30cm～35cm on the ridge loosened the soil, line-spacing 55cm (plants a line) and kind of a root is transplanted on each ridge, lie on ridge by kind of a root, down step on 4cm～5cm with foot, with creeper earthing 5cm～6cm；
E, built: before kind of a root is emerged, with two ridges for one group, carry out built, and built mode is " people " shaped frame；Using the steel wire of 0.3mm diameter, the long bamboo cane of 1.7m and nylon wire, frame height is 1.5m；
F, excavate: after the Frost's Descent after autumn (October) Fructus Trichosanthis part on the ground start withered after excavate, first digging width with excavator middle part between Liang Long is 45cm～50cm, the degree of depth is the ditch of 80cm～90cm, then Radix Trichosanthis is manually dug, remove earth and impurity, obtain Radix Trichosanthis medical material.
2 kinds of root diameters of embodiment are for the impact of yield
The specification of Radix Trichosanthis kind root directly affects speed of germination and early growth, is the principal element determining plant early growth, determined kind of root diameter of the present invention, is possible not only to meet and germinates and early growth needs, and can obtain bigger output ratio, specific as follows:
If A, B, C tri-groups test, the technical scheme of the Radix Trichosanthis cultivation of B group is with embodiment 1, the technical scheme of the Radix Trichosanthis cultivation of A, C group is otherwise varied with embodiment 1 except the diameter of Radix Trichosanthis kind root, all the other are all identical with embodiment 1, the diameter of A, C group Radix Trichosanthis kind root respectively, A group: diameter < 2.5cm；C group: diameter > 3.5cm；Each group plantation each 600 square metres of experimental plots, same plot, result of the test is in Table 1:
The kind root impact on Radix Trichosanthis yield of table 1 different-diameter
| Packet | Radix Trichosanthis Dried product (kg) |
| A group | 573.0 |
| B group | 764.8 |
| C group | 600.4 |
Test result indicate that: take the present invention to plant root diameter (2.5cm～3.5cm) and bigger output ratio can be obtained.
Embodiment 3 herringbone frame is for the impact of yield
Illuminating area is the principal element affecting the growth of Radix Trichosanthis plant middle and late stage, and the effective illuminating area that increases can improve its photosynthesis, thus increasing yield.Inventor determines the built method of the present invention by lot of experiments, chooses currently preferred built method, it is possible to be effectively increased illuminating area, and result of the test is in Table 2:
If A, B, C tri-groups test, the technical scheme of the Radix Trichosanthis cultivation of C group is with embodiment 1, the technical scheme of the Radix Trichosanthis cultivation of A, B group does not carry out built process except A group, and according to prior art built (taking 1.5 high plane racks) outward, all the other are all identical with embodiment 1 for B group；Each group plantation each 600 square metres of experimental plots, same plot.
The impact on Radix Trichosanthis yield of table 2 built
| Packet | Radix Trichosanthis Dried product (kg) |
| A group | 458.0 |
| B group | 569.3 |
| C group | 764.8 |
Test result indicate that: take the present inventor's font built mode can be greatly increased the illuminating area of Radix Trichosanthis, dramatically increase yield.
Embodiment 4 Radix Trichosanthis collecting time is for the impact of quality
Inventor have found that, Radix Trichosanthis medical material collecting time is the key factor affecting quality of medicinal material, the determined collecting time of the present invention, and the leaching content of Radix Trichosanthis is the highest, and quality of medicinal material is specific as follows:
Collecting time test is divided into A, B, C, D, E five groups, the Radix Trichosanthis medical material adopting embodiment 1 technical scheme (not comprising collecting time) to plant is gathered by different time, and collecting time is specific as follows: A group: collecting time is plantation August then；B group: collecting time is plantation JIUYUE then；C group: collecting time is plantation October (after the Frost's Descent after autumn) then；D group: collecting time is the February (when the beginning of spring thaws-beginning of spring emerge before) of plantation next year；E group: collecting time is the March (when the beginning of spring thaws-beginning of spring emerge before) of plantation next year.It it is ice-bound period experimental field owing to planting January next year November～plantation then, it is impossible to gather.
Gained Radix Trichosanthis medical material of gathering to above-mentioned five groups carries out extract content mensuration, and result asks for an interview table 3:
The assay method of extract content in Radix Trichosanthis: the cold-maceration of the water solublity algoscopy in measuring according to Extract mensuration (one annex Ⅹ A of " Chinese Pharmacopoeia " version in 2010):
Take test sample and be about 4g, weighed weight, put in the conical flask of 250～300ml, precision adds water 100ml, close plug, merceration, jolting constantly in first 6 hours, then stand 18 hours, filter rapidly with dry filter, precision measures subsequent filtrate 20ml, puts and is dried in the evaporating dish of constant weight, after being evaporated in water-bath, dry 3 hours in 105 DEG C, in dislocation exsiccator, cool down 30 minutes, rapid accurately weighed weight, unless otherwise specified, calculates the content (%) of water-soluble extractives in test sample with dry product.
The impact on Radix Trichosanthis extract content of table 3 different harvest time
| Collecting time | Radix Trichosanthis extract content (%) |
| A group | 17.42 |
| B group | 18.53 |
| C group | 22.07 |
| D group | 23.46 |
| E group | 22.10 |
By test result indicate that of table 3, the height of extract content all relatively A, B group of the Radix Trichosanthis medical material that the determined best collecting time of the present invention (plantation is extremely planted before emerging beginning of spring next year then the Frost's Descent after autumn, corresponding C, D, E group) is gathered.
Contrast test with traditional cultivation method
Test site selects a Pharmaceutical Radix Trichosanthis base in Nan Jia village, Xingtai City Nanhe County Community in Baiyunshan, Guangzhou；Time is 2012-2013, selects same piece of land be respectively adopted tradition plantation (comparative example 1) and adopt the technical scheme of embodiment 1 to plant；Two test plot take up an area 1 mu respectively；
Comparative example 1
The cultural method of a kind of Radix Trichosanthis medical material, takes traditional planting patterns, comprises the following steps:
Select high and dry on the sunny side, the convenient plot of irrigation and drainage, application of organic fertilizers, turn over leveling, do wide furrow, flatten furrow face after watering 3～5 days and wait to broadcast, select mid-March the rhizome of staminiferous plant Fructus Trichosanthis of life in 1～2 year as propagating materials, according to spacing in the rows 30 cm, line-spacing 50 cm is transplanted, and after autumn or all dug out by Fructus Trichosanthis rhizome after beginning of spring next year, removes reed head and earth, the crust of root is scraped off, or dries and be Chinese crude drug Radix Trichosanthis after section.
Through measuring the plot rhizome diameter 5cm of embodiment 1 and above accounting for more than 70%, and rhizome is sturdy, and extract content is 24.43%；And tradition plantation (comparative example 1) rhizome more than diameter 5cm account for 30%, extract content is 20.20%.No matter medical material specification or extract content embodiment 1 are superior to the comparative example 1 of tradition plantation.
Fresh goods 2101.7Kg is produced in embodiment 1 plot；Drying rate is pressed 2.8Kg and is rolled over the calculating of 1Kg dry product, can amount to per mu yield dry product 750.6Kg, and wherein excavating cost is 400 yuan/mu, built cost 150 yuan/mu；Comparative example 1 plot produce fresh goods 1288Kg, Drying rate press 2.8Kg roll over 1Kg calculating, can per mu yield dried food and nuts 460.0Kg, wherein excavate human cost 880 yuan/mu；Embodiment 1 290.6Kg/ mu higher than comparative example 1 plot yield, and low 330 yuan/mu of cost.
By above-mentioned field comparison test, show by currently preferred cultural method, the quality of the produced medical material in the invention process plot and quantity are all substantially better than tradition plot, additionally the present invention adopts machinery trench digging to combine with manually excavating, and not only saves cost, ensures yield simultaneously, calculation of price by per kilogram 15 yuan, cultural method every mu of Radix Trichosanthis of more traditional plantation of the present invention can additional income 4689 yuan, ensureing while quality, also there is great economic implications.
Therefore, the present invention is by planting the preferred of parameter, plant/line spacing, planting patterns, collecting time and the picking methods such as root diameter in Radix Trichosanthis cultivation, and coordinate and build the herringbone frame that can increase illuminating area, make final gained Radix Trichosanthis compare tradition plantation yield and quality all improves a lot, and cost of gathering can be saved, increase economic benefit.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to making some deformation and improvement, these broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (5)
1. a cultural method for Radix Trichosanthis medical material, comprises the following steps: A, fertilising rotary tillage；B, loosen the soil ridging；C, kind root choosing are cut；D, kind root plantation；E, built；F, excavate, it is characterised in that the described step B ridging that loosens the soil is: being undertaken loosening the soil by plot good for deep rotary tillage and ridging, the line-spacing of ridging is identical, and before February to grain rains, moisture creating standby is broadcast；
The choosing of described step C kind root is cut to: choose appearance complete, without pest and disease damage and diameter at the rhizome of the Fructus Trichosanthis staminiferous plant of 2.5cm～3.5cm, carries out cutting after choosing, and cutting requires to be weight 25～50g, obtains kind of a root；
The plantation of described step D kind root is: plant by spacing in the rows 30cm～35cm on ridge；
Described step E built is: with two ridges for one group, takes " people " shaped frame；
Described step F excavate for: plantation is emerged to plantation and is carried out before after autumn then the Frost's Descent beginning of spring next year；
In described step B, the line-spacing of ridging is 50cm～55cm.
2. the cultural method of Radix Trichosanthis medical material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step C, described kind of root is the rhizome of the Fructus Trichosanthis staminiferous plant excavated in 20 days, and cutting requires as weight 30～50g, plantation in 5 days after cutting.
3. the cultural method of Radix Trichosanthis medical material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step D, the planting patterns of described kind of root, for lie on described ridge by described kind of root, down steps on 4cm～5cm, then earthing 5cm～6cm.
4. the cultural method of Radix Trichosanthis medical material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step E, described " people " shaped frame height is 1.2m～1.5m.
5. the cultural method of the Radix Trichosanthis medical material according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that in described step F, first ditching with excavator, more manually dig, described excavator trench digging is in two middle parts, ridge, trench digging width is 45cm～50cm, and ditching depth is 80cm～90cm.
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| CN102648681B (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2014-01-15 | 安国市昌达中药材饮片有限公司 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of traditional Chinese medicine radix trichosanthis |
| CN102823359B (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-12 | 镇巴县牟家坪农业科技有限责任公司 | Method for propagating bilateral trichosanthes kirilowii maxim seeds |
| CN103460971B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-08 | 湖南省农业生物资源利用研究所 | Method for improving transplanting survival rate of trichosanthes kirilowii tissue culture seedlings |
| CN103650864B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-03 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | Vine cutting and apex pinching cultivation method of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim |
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