CN103650864A - Vine cutting and apex pinching cultivation method of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim - Google Patents
Vine cutting and apex pinching cultivation method of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vine cutting and apex pinching cultivation method of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. The method includes the step that the apexes of vines of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim plants are cut off in the period from August 25 to September 10. Apical dominance of the Trichosanthes kirilowii plants is remarkable in September, a large amount of young fruit can not be irradiated by sunlight after being borne by blooming plants in August, and the requirement that the fruit is basically mature can not be met when the fruit is picked in the period from the end of September to the beginning of October. According to the method, through apical dominance removal, the fruit of the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim can obtain adequate nutrition and enough sunlight, the skin of the fruit which is borne early can turn light yellow or yellow when the fruit is picked, white powder can exist on the surface of the skin of the fruit which is born in august, or the skin can turn light yellow or yellow. The method is easy and convenient to implement, the yield of snakegourd fruit produced by processing the fresh Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim fruit can be improved, the maturity of the snakegourd fruit is improved, and therefore the method has great application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to snakegourd culture technique field, relate to a kind of snakegourd and cut the rattan cultivation method of pinching.
Background technology
The dry mature fruit of Curcurbitaceae snake gourd plant snakegourd (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.) is conventional Chinese medicine Snakegourd Fruit.< < Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China > > requires " during fruit maturation, connect carpopodium and cut autumn, to ventilation, dries in the shade ".< < Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary > > specifically describes as " there is white powder on pericarp surface gathers when faint yellow; connect carpopodium and cut; compile and be linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then be hung on shady and cool ventilation place dry ".
Snakegourd is perennial liane, and the duration of bearing fruit of blooming is long.The main Snakegourd Fruit producing region of Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui Deng Diwei China from early May to there being by the end of August bearing fruit the phase of unbroken more than four months, generally being carried out disposable harvesting and is carried out after-ripening processing at the beginning of by the end of September by 10 months.The snakegourd fruit that before August, (not containing August) blooms and bear fruit, when pluck October, can reach the requirement of " there is white powder on surface ", " pericarp is faint yellow ", the after-ripening processing of drying in the shade through ventilation is processed, can obtain dry ripening fruits, reach the degree of tool caramel gas, the quality requirement of fulfilling medicinal Snakegourd Fruit.The snakegourd fruit of blooming and bearing fruit after August and August, while plucking at the beginning of 10 months, do not reach the appearance requirement of " there is white powder on surface ", " pericarp is faint yellow ", even through the After-ripening drying in the shade, pericarp outward appearance is serious shrinkage still, fruit flesh and seed are white, there is no ripe kernel in seed, are commonly called as " flat seed " or " the white white flesh of seed ", fruit does not reach ripe requirement yet, and can not meet Snakegourd Fruit is the medicinal material basic demand of snakegourd ripening fruits.And, the snakegourd fruit of bearing fruit bloom after August and August after after-ripening processing, and the index that the vertical footpath of dry fruit, transverse diameter, single fruit weight, total sugar content, content of reducing sugar etc. embody quality all obviously declines, and reveals the difference [Sun Wen of significance with the snakegourd sporocarp that bears fruit of blooming before August, nest will is luxuriant, Wang Chun, Wu Xiaoyi, Yang Baocheng, Tan Zhigao: difference bear fruit sugar and the quality correlation research of phase Snakegourd Fruit, China's traditional Chinese medicine information magazine, 2013,20(4): 57-59].
In addition, in most areas, Hebei, be especially with Anguo City one, and the snakegourd of cultivation is " wheat stubble snakegourd " mostly.After the snakegourd fruit harvest of the previous year, the plantation wheat of conventionally will ploughing, is positioned at the mechanical cutting that the radices trichosanthis of the shallow table in stratum can be ploughed impaired.After wheat maturation, often the many height of a liftoff chi gather in the wheat heads, and at this moment, the snakegourd rattan seedling early growing out can be cut off by wheat harvester, and is subject to artificial trampling, and early stage seedling is sustained damage.Although the wheat stubble staying can be left, snakegourd climbs that rattan grows, blooms, result, and the growth fraction of snakegourd is slower, blooms more late, bears fruit slower, and most snakegourd all will arrive August and could bloom and bear fruit.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of snakegourd and cut the rattan cultivation method of pinching.
The invention provides a kind of snakegourd plant and cut the rattan cultivation method of pinching, comprise the steps:, during August 25 to September 10, to cut off the top of the tendril of snakegourd plant.
The method of described " cutting off the top of the tendril of snakegourd plant " is specific as follows: for the snakegourd tendril having born fruit, deduct the top of tendril at the position apart from least 1 meter of fruit, the tendril remaining has 5-10 sheet greenery.
Described method also can comprise the steps:, during August 25 to September 10, to cut off the snakegourd tendril not bearing fruit.
In described method, the field of plantation snakegourd can be field from which wheat has been reaped, but is not limited to field from which wheat has been reaped.
The applicable region of described method is specially: 31 °-45 ° of north latitude.The applicable region of described method is specially: 37.5 °-41 ° of north latitude.The applicable region of described method is specially: 33 °-37.5 ° of north latitude.The applicable region of described method is specially: 123 ° of 73 °-east longitudes of east longitude.The applicable region of described method is specially: 123 ° of 110 °-east longitudes of east longitude.
The applicable region of described method specifically can be (the 113 ° of 04'-119 ° of 53' of east longitude of Hebei province, 36 ° of 01'-42 ° of 37' of north latitude), Shanxi Province (110 ° of 14'-114 ° of 33' of east longitude, 34 ° of 34'-40 ° of 43' of north latitude), Shandong Province (114 ° of 19'-122 ° of 43' of east longitude, 34 ° of 22'-38 ° of 23' of north latitude), (the 110 ° of 21'-116 ° of 39' of east longitude of Henan Province, 31 ° of 23'-36 ° of 22' of north latitude), Xinjiang province (73 ° 41 '-96 ° 18 of east longitude ', 34 ° 22 '-49 ° 33 of north latitude ') Urumqi City on the south (containing Urumqi City) or Shaanxi Province (105 ° 29 '-111 ° 15 of east longitude ', 31 ° 42 '-39 ° 35 of north latitude ').Urumqi City's (86 ° 37 '-88 ° 58 of east longitude, north latitude 42 ° 45 '-44 ° 08 ').The applicable region of described method more specifically can be in the compass of competency of Anguo City, Hebei (115.3 ° of east longitudes, 38.41 ° of north latitude) or Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan city (114.35 ° of east longitudes, 36.1 ° of north latitude).
The main Snakegourd Fruit producing region of Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui Deng Diwei China.
For Beijing and region, Hebei, (Anguo City, Hebei province is Typical Representative, comprises Datong City, Shanxi Province, Qinhuangdao, Hebei province etc.; 37.5 °-41 ° of north latitude), the snakegourd of cultivation is " wheat stubble snakegourd " mostly, even if built, field management are well-done, snakegourd plant also obtains could blooming and bearing fruit in large quantities substantially August.
For Henan, Shandong and region, Shanxi, (Anyang in Henan province is Typical Representative, comprises Jinan City, Mount Taishan city, the Jining City in Shandong, the ground such as the Houma City in Shanxi, Yuncheng; 33 °-37.5 ° of north latitude), the blooming to bear fruit of this region has larger relation with field management, generally in July and August, blooms and bears fruit, and the bad words of field management are bloomed and just born fruit evening to August.
With regard to phenomenon, after bearing fruit, can shine just can be ripe quickly to the fruit of the sun, and the fruit maturation that can not shine the sun is just slow.The object of cut rattan, pinching is exactly in order fruit can be shone to the sun, to have removed apical dominance, allow nutrition can offer more fruit simultaneously.
Be more significant period of snakegourd plant apical dominance September, bloom August and after a large amount of young fruit of bearing fruit is beared fruit, can not get the irradiation of sunlight, while plucking at the beginning of by the end of September-10 months, do not reach the requirement being mature on the whole, although carry out after long-term after-ripening is processed also obtaining dry fruit, the weight of the dry product obtaining is after drying generally the 14.6%-16.6% of fresh fruit weight, and seed major part wherein can not maturation even completely can not be ripe, caused thus the output of Chinese medicine Snakegourd Fruit not high, the quality of Snakegourd Fruit also obviously declines, and has had a strong impact on clinical efficacy.In the present invention, pass through to remove apical dominance, make the fruit of snakegourd can obtain sufficient nutrition, and obtain enough solar radiation, can make fruit pericarp between picking time of bearing fruit in early days change yellow into, and to have white powder to be even transformed into faint yellow or yellow on the pericarp surface that can make the fruit of bearing fruit August, the weight of the dry product obtaining after after-ripening processing can reach the 17.6%-19.4% of fresh fruit weight, in fruit, most seeds can access maturation, have reached the object that improves Snakegourd Fruit output and quality.The present invention is easy and simple to handle, can make the output of the Snakegourd Fruit that fresh snakegourd fruit processes improve 15%-35%, improve the maturity of Snakegourd Fruit simultaneously, significantly reduce the ratio of the immature snakegourd fruit of the white flesh of white seed, thereby improved the quality of Snakegourd Fruit, there is great using value.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand better the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Embodiment 1, in Snakegourd Fruit producing region (Anguo City in Hebei) test
In existing Snakegourd Fruit producing region, test in (Anguo City in Hebei, wheat stubble snakegourd field), 6 groups of processing is set and (processes for every group and comprise 3 experimental field, at least 3 minutes ground, every experimental field; First group to the 3rd group is experimental group, 1 year raw snakegourd of 3 experimental field plantations of first group, 2 years raw snakegourds of 3 experimental field plantations of second group, 3 years raw snakegourds of 3 experimental field plantations of the 3rd group; The 4th group to the 6th group is control group: 1 year raw snakegourd of 3 experimental field plantations of the 4th group, 2 years raw snakegourds of 3 experimental field plantations of the 5th group, 3 years raw snakegourds of 3 experimental field plantations of the 6th group), field management is all carried out by the method for existing cultivation snakegourd in each experimental field, and difference is only that first group to the 3rd group increases the rattan operation of pinching of cutting of the present invention.
The rattan method of operating of pinching of cutting of the present invention is: during August 25 to September 10: for the snakegourd tendril having born fruit, deduct the top of tendril at the position of at least 1 meter of the fruit apart from top, the tendril remaining has 5-10 sheet greenery; Cut off the snakegourd tendril not bearing fruit.
Control group (October 1, before harvesting): shoot growth is vigorous, and fruit almost be can't see under the covering of tendril, and fruit and tendril be dark green, is difficult to see the fruit of " there is white powder on surface " and " pericarp is faint yellow or yellow ".October 1 plucked, and the per mu yield fresh fruit amount of the 4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group is respectively 820kg, 1220kg and 1410kg.According to traditional drying mode processing, (connect carpopodium cuts fresh fruit, volume is linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then being hung on shady and cool ventilation place dries), the per mu yield dry fruit amount of the 4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group is respectively the fresh and dried ratio of 120kg(and is: 1:6.8), the fresh and dried ratio of 190kg(is: 1:6.4) and the fresh and dried ratio of 230kg(be: 1/6.1).By the formula of " dry fruit weight/fresh fruit weight * 100% ", calculate dry and fresh fruit percentage by weight and be respectively 14.6%, 15.6% and 16.3%.In the dry fruit of all acquisitions, 75% left and right exists that fruit is shrivelled, the serious shrinkage of exocarp, color and luster is gloomy, seed is immature, the light crisp look of flesh greyish white inviscid, without the problem of caramel gas, can not reach the quality requirement of Snakegourd Fruit medicinal material.Quantitative data is the mean value of 3 experimental field.
Experimental group (October 1, before harvesting): can observe quantity sparse, the most of fruit that shoot growth obtained inhibition, leaf and be exposed to field, can see only about half of slightly many fruits and be faint yellow or yellow, approximately 1/4th fruit meets the appearance requirement of " there is white powder on surface ", only has about 1/5th fruit to be dark green.October 1 plucked, and the per mu yield fresh fruit amount of first group, second group and the 3rd group is respectively 860kg, 1270kg and 1470kg.According to traditional drying mode processing, (connect carpopodium cuts fresh fruit, volume is linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then being hung on shady and cool ventilation place dries), 1/5.3), the fresh and dried ratio of 285kg(is 1/5.4), the fresh and dried ratio of 240kg(is the per mu yield dry fruit amount of first group, second group and the 3rd group is respectively the fresh and dried ratio of 160kg(and is::: 1/5.2).By the formula of " dry fruit weight/fresh fruit weight * 100% ", calculate dry and fresh fruit percentage by weight and be respectively 18.6%, 18.9% and 19.4%.In the dry fruit of all acquisitions, 95% left and right is ripening fruits, and (completely filled fruit, shrinkage degree are lighter to have reached the quality requirement that Snakegourd Fruit medicinal material is qualified; Fruit yellow; Fruit flesh tool viscosity, be burnt sugar coloring, have caramel gas; Seed maturity, full, taupe, has full kind benevolence).Quantitative data is the mean value of 3 experimental field.
According to the formula of " (experimental group dry fruit weight-control group dry fruit weight)/control group dry fruit weight * 100% ", calculate the per mu yield increase rate of snakegourd dry fruit, be respectively 33.3%, 26.3% and 23.9%.
Embodiment 2, in Snakegourd Fruit producing region (Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan city) test
In existing Snakegourd Fruit producing region, test in (Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan city, non-wheat stubble snakegourd field), 6 groups of processing is set and (processes for every group and comprise 3 experimental field, at least 3 minutes ground, every experimental field; First group to the 3rd group is experimental group, 1 year raw snakegourd of 3 experimental field plantations of first group, 2 years raw snakegourds of 3 experimental field plantations of second group, 3 years raw snakegourds of 3 experimental field plantations of the 3rd group; The 4th group to the 6th group is control group: 1 year raw snakegourd of 3 experimental field plantations of the 4th group, 2 years raw snakegourds of 3 experimental field plantations of the 5th group, 3 years raw snakegourds of 3 experimental field plantations of the 6th group), field management is all carried out by the method for existing cultivation snakegourd in each experimental field, and difference is only that first group to the 3rd group increases the rattan operation of pinching of cutting of the present invention.
The rattan method of operating of pinching of cutting of the present invention is: during August 25 to September 10: for the snakegourd tendril having born fruit, deduct the top of tendril at the position of at least 1 meter of the fruit apart from top, the tendril remaining has 5-10 sheet greenery; Cut off the snakegourd tendril not bearing fruit.
Control group (October 1, before harvesting): shoot growth is vigorous, fruit is under tendril and rack, because fruit and tendril are dark green, above tendril, almost can't see fruit, but, in rack, can see the fruit of " there is white powder on surface " and " pericarp is faint yellow or yellow ", this fruit that reaches appearance requirement can reach 20% left and right.October 1 plucked, and the per mu yield fresh fruit amount of the 4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group is respectively 820kg, 1510kg and 2210kg.According to traditional drying mode processing, (connect carpopodium cuts fresh fruit, volume is linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then being hung on shady and cool ventilation place dries), the per mu yield dry fruit amount of the 4th group, the 5th group and the 6th group is respectively the fresh and dried ratio of 130kg(and is: 1:6.3), the fresh and dried ratio of 245kg(is: 1:6.2) and the fresh and dried ratio of 355kg(be: 1:6.2).By the formula of " dry fruit weight/fresh fruit weight * 100% ", calculate dry and fresh fruit percentage by weight and be respectively 15.9%, 16.2% and 16.1%.In the dry fruit of all acquisitions, 30% left and right exists that fruit is shrivelled, the serious shrinkage of exocarp, color and luster is gloomy, seed is immature, the light crisp look of flesh greyish white inviscid, without the problem of caramel, can not reach the quality requirement of Snakegourd Fruit traditional Chinese medicine.
Experimental group (October 1, before harvesting): can observe shoot growth and obtain that the quantity of inhibition, leaf is sparse, fruit is suspended on rack one by one, be to achieve great success, can see 3/4ths fruit and be faint yellow or yellow, a fruit of/4th meets the appearance requirement of " there is white powder on surface ", seldom sees dark green fruit.October 1 plucked, and the per mu yield fresh fruit amount of first group, second group and the 3rd group is respectively 850kg, 1550kg and 2250kg.According to traditional drying mode processing, (connect carpopodium cuts fresh fruit, volume is linked to be string, pile up 2-3 days within doors, then being hung on shady and cool ventilation place dries), 1/5.3), the fresh and dried ratio of 430kg(is 1/5.7), the fresh and dried ratio of 290kg(is the per mu yield dry fruit amount of first group, second group and the 3rd group is respectively the fresh and dried ratio of 150kg(and is::: 1/5.2).By the formula of " dry fruit weight/fresh fruit weight * 100% ", calculate dry and fresh fruit percentage by weight and be respectively 17.6%, 18.7% and 19.1%.In the dry fruit of all acquisitions, more than 95% be ripening fruits, (completely filled fruit, shrinkage degree are lighter to have reached the quality requirement that Snakegourd Fruit medicinal material is qualified; Fruit yellow; Fruit flesh tool viscosity, be burnt sugar coloring, have caramel gas; Seed maturity, full, taupe, has full kind benevolence).
According to the formula of " (experimental group dry fruit weight-control group dry fruit weight)/control group dry fruit weight * 100% ", calculate the per mu yield increase rate of snakegourd dry fruit, be respectively 15.4%, 18.4% and 21.1%.
Claims (6)
1. the snakegourd plant cultivation method of pinching, comprises the steps:, during August 25 to September 10, to cut off the top of the tendril of snakegourd plant.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method for described " cutting off the top of the tendril of snakegourd plant " is as follows: for the snakegourd tendril having born fruit, at the position apart from least 1 meter of fruit, deduct the top of tendril, the tendril remaining has 5-10 sheet greenery.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described method also comprises the steps:, during August 25 to September 10, to cut off the snakegourd tendril not bearing fruit.
4. as the method as described in arbitrary in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: in described method, the field of plantation snakegourd is field from which wheat has been reaped.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the applicable region of described method is as follows: 37.5 °-41 ° of north latitude.
6. as the method as described in arbitrary in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: the applicable region of described method is as follows: 33 °-37.5 ° of north latitude.
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