CN102884952A - Pruning method for improving fruit bearing amount of olive trees - Google Patents
Pruning method for improving fruit bearing amount of olive trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN102884952A CN102884952A CN2012104115880A CN201210411588A CN102884952A CN 102884952 A CN102884952 A CN 102884952A CN 2012104115880 A CN2012104115880 A CN 2012104115880A CN 201210411588 A CN201210411588 A CN 201210411588A CN 102884952 A CN102884952 A CN 102884952A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pruning method for improving the bearing amount of olive trees. The method comprises the following steps of: pruning in sapling age: in a year after the planting of the saplings, retaining a strong upright branch of each tree as the trunk and pruning the other branches, when the trees are 1-1.2m high, picking off the tips of the trunks and retaining 2-3 lateral branches as the main branches, and when the trees are 2.5-3m high, picking off the tips of the main branches and pruning the branches; pruning in full productive age: adjusting the proportion of the bearing branches to the nutritional branches according to the bearing amount; and pruning in rejuvenation age: carrying out heavily retractive pruning on the tree bodies or sawing all the branches from the trunks, wherein when the trees are 2.5-3m high and the tips of the main branches are picked off in the sapling pruning period, light pruning is carried out on the varieties which are early in blooming and bearing and heavy pruning is carried out on the varieties which are late in blooming and bearing. According to the pruning method provided by the invention, the olive trees can bloom and bear in advance and the yield of the olive trees can be greatly improved.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the plant trimming and pruning field, be specifically related to the shaping and trimming method of olive Cheng Shu.
Background technology
Olive belongs to Oleaceae Olea aiphyllium, that the double fruit of world-renowned woody oleiferous plants is used seeds, cultivar has higher edibility, contain and enrich kind of high-quality edible plant oil---olive oil, be famous subtropical fruit tree and Important Economic forest, mainly be distributed in mediterranean country, Greece, Italy, Tunisia, Spain are for concentrating the place of production.There is more than 50 national introducing and planting in the whole world now.China's cultivation olive history is evening, is beginning on March 3rd, 1964, goes so far as now, and the existing olive in the whole nation surpasses 1,600 ten thousand strains.
In order to obtain the tree body structure of good ventilation, printing opacity, equilibrium, with regulating illumination, the reasonable distribution nutrient reduces the harm of disease worm, improves the output of olive, and people carry out pruning to the olive fruit tree usually.But the general step of at present olive pruning is first treelet to be done surely, makes its side shoot, grow side shoot after, do various tree-like prunings, treat that it obtains preferably output.This shaping and trimming method is specific aim not strong (concrete not) on the olive breed difference, and is also perfect not on the pruning time.Because each kind difference is larger, therefore has a large amount in variety and be unsuitable for this trimming method, thereby cause its output lower.
Therefore, be desirable to provide the olive shaping and trimming method that is applicable to different cultivars and planting area, thereby improve olive output.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of new trimming method that is used for improving the olive tree amount of bearing fruit of at least a portion that can address the above problem, the method has solved in the existing pruning technique not strong to olive kind specific aim, incomplete technical problem of pruning time.
According to the present invention, a kind of trimming method for improving the olive tree amount of bearing fruit is provided, may further comprise the steps: the pruning of treelet phase: keep a robust growth, upright branch after the treelet field planting in 1 year as trunk, all the other branches are wiped out; During height of tree 1m-1.2m, pluck the trunk top tip, keep 2-3 side shoot as major branch; During height of tree 2.5m-3m, branch is pruned after plucking the major branch top tip; Pruning in the full bearing period: according to what of result, adjust the ratio of fruit bearing shoot and vegetative shoot; And, rejuvenating phase pruning: the tree body is returned the contracting pruning or removed all branches from the trunk saw; Wherein, during the treelet pruning, during height of tree 2.5m-3m, pluck the major branch top tip, the kind early of bearing fruit for blooming is carried out light pruning to branch; The late kind of bearing fruit for blooming is deeplyd prune to branch.
Adopt above-mentioned trimming method, can early flowering the result, improve by a relatively large margin the output of olive, the economy that prolongs olive is born fruit the phase.
Preferably, according to trimming method of the present invention, at warm planting area, the winter pruning and summer pruning after fruit picking, also to wipe out rudiment, the branch of fall and winter growth and wipe out move long shoot and the rudiment of tree crown inside; At the planting area of cold, carry out winter pruning and summer pruning after the fruit picking, and wipe out spring and autumn pumping rudiment and branch.
Adopt above-mentioned preferred trimming method, can improve the output of olive, and reduce the occurrence and harm of damage by disease and insect.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with concrete embodiment.
The invention provides a kind of trimming method for improving the olive tree amount of bearing fruit, may further comprise the steps: the pruning of treelet phase: keep a robust growth, upright branch after the treelet field planting in 1 year as trunk, all the other branches are wiped out; During height of tree 1m-1.2m, pluck the trunk top tip, keep 2-3 side shoot as major branch; During height of tree 2.5m-3m, branch is pruned after plucking the major branch top tip; Pruning in the full bearing period: according to what of result, adjust the ratio of fruit bearing shoot and vegetative shoot; Rejuvenating phase pruning: the tree body is returned the contracting pruning or removed all branches from trunk (0.8-1.2m) saw; Wherein, during the pruning of treelet phase, during height of tree 2.5m-3m, pluck the major branch top tip, the kind early of bearing fruit for blooming is carried out light pruning to branch; The late kind of bearing fruit for blooming is deeplyd prune to branch.
The treelet phase refers to that olive tree plantation 3 years with the interior stage, refers to the stage of olive tree plantation after 3 years the full bearing period.Described trunk refers to that the center of olive is dried, and it is dominant with respect to other limbs.
The described light pruning long pruner that refers to the rudiment on the major branch in the tree crown, uprightly move removes, and keeps all the other cross growths and the downward branch of growth, and the branch pruning rate is no more than tree body branch total amount 30%.
Described deepling prune refers to prune overstocked weak fruit bearing shoot, and side shoot, major branch and the long shoot that uprightly moves, rudiment are wiped out, and its branch pruning rate accounts for tree body branch total amount 50%-70%.
Describedly return contracting and prune and to refer to major branch, side shoot cutting back to 1/3rd to 2/3rds of whole branch length, and total cutting back amount accounts for the 50%-80% of tree body branch total amount.
The kind of bearing fruit morning for blooming, as: Crow Lycra (Koroneika), beans really (Arbequina), Hubei Province are planted (E-Z8 number), Pi Guaer (Picual), white olive (Ulliri bardhe), Ke Ladi (Cordal Sevillana), are joined many spirit (Pendoline), Bei Late (Berat), rice bundle (Mixaj) etc., treelet during the phase, First Year keeps a robust growth, upright branch as trunk (trunk) after the treelet field planting, and all the other branches are wiped out.When height of tree 1m-1.2m, pluck the trunk top tip, keep 2-3 side shoot and cultivate as major branch, the major branch that stays should misplace and select and remain, and avoids and leaves and takes giving birth to.General major branch is apart from ground 60-80cm, and its following side shoot is disposable or cut off gradually according to tree vigo(u)r.The major branch of selecting and remain should keep with the olive tree trunk angle of 45-60 degree in the process of its cultivation.As the major branch angle of cultivating is greater than this angle, easily causes splitting when more bearing fruit; As less than this angle, its tree crown is narrow, ventilation and penetrating light is poor, the damage by disease and insect tree easily occurs, and output is lower.When height of tree 2.5-3m, should pluck the major branch top tip, impel the tree crown cross growth, during this rudiment on major branch in tree crown, upright water sprout to be erased or wiped out, all the other horizontal sagging growth branches keep, and the branch pruning rate is no more than tree body branch total amount 30%.This shaping and trimming method is because having kept more fruit bearing shoot and because the genetic Early blooming and fruiting of above-mentioned kind, so Second Year begins to try flower examination fruit after the general plantation, the average strain output that begins to go into operation can reach 1.5-4kg in the 3rd year.Can reach 10-18kg since the 6th year its average strain output, along with growing up of tree type, its output also will progressively improve, plant and enter the high and stable yield phase after 8 years, average strain is produced and can be reached 15-30kg during its off year (time that the result is few), and its average strain output can reach 25-40kg during good year (times that the result is many).
For the late kind of yielding positive results, as: Fo Ao (Frantoio), Lay star (Leccino), A Si (Ascolana), card woods (Kalinjot), Zhang Lin (Zhanglin), Qie Mulaer (Chemlal), Bei Cuili (Patrinia), methylene blue are opened (Manaki), Ni Xiaote (Nisiot), middle mountain 24 (Zhongshan 24) etc., treelet during the phase, First Year keeps a robust growth, upright branch as trunk (trunk) after the treelet field planting, and all the other branches are wiped out.When height of tree 1m-1.2m, pluck the trunk top tip, keep 2-3 side shoot and cultivate as major branch, the major branch that stays should misplace and select and remain, and avoids and leaves and takes giving birth to.General major branch is apart from ground 60-80cm, and its following side shoot is disposable or cut off gradually according to tree vigo(u)r.When height of tree 2.5-3m, should pluck the major branch top tip, impel the tree crown cross growth, the overstocked weak fruit bearing shoot of main pruning during this, and side shoot, major branch and the long shoot that uprightly moves, rudiment wiped out, its branch pruning rate accounts for tree body branch total amount 50%-70%.For these late kinds of yielding positive results, generally sprout principal stresses strong, so will in time erase or wipe out rudiment and upright water sprout, the small stems that suitably keeps cross growth and grow downwards.Then the method has focused on nutrition on the fruit bearing shoot that keeps because in time having cut off useless branch, therefore yields positive results early.The 3rd year begins to try flower examination fruit after the general plantation, and the single plant yield that begins to go into operation can reach 1-3kg in the 4th year.Can reach 11-21kg since 7 years average strain products of its output, along with growing up of tree type, its output also will progressively improve, and plant and enter the high and stable yield phase after 9 years, and average strain is produced and can be reached 15-25kg during its off year, and its average strain output can reach 25-40kg during good year.
The pruning in the full bearing period mainly is the ratio of adjusting fruit bearing shoot and vegetative shoot, comprises that prune good year and prune off year, refers to the time that the result is many described good year, refers to the time that the result is few off year.Good year is when pruning, after fruit picking, prune immediately, keep as much as possible fruit bearing shoot, weak branch behind the result, overlapping branch and sick branch are wiped out, the branch pruning amount accounts for the 50-70% of tree body total amount, namely deeply prune, this pruning has kept outside the branch that comes annual bearing, also impels the more fruit bearing shoot of pumping in the coming year.Fruit picking after immediately prune when pruning off year, and except the branch that will affect tree crown inner ventilation printing opacity was suitably wiped out, all the other fruit bearing shoot kept.
When carrying out the pruning of olive rejuvenating phase, owing to setting body and yielding poorly this period, each organ-tissue is old and feeble, therefore need to stimulate the tree body to rejuvenate by pruning, prolongs economy and bears fruit the phase, obtains how better economic benefit.On shaping and trimming method mainly be: by returning contracting, or even from the trunk saw except all branches, impel it to sprout new branch, recover vitality of subject and improve its output.
Trimming method for improving the olive tree amount of bearing fruit of the present invention, the pruning time is also different because of the difference of olive plantation region.At warm planting area, the winter pruning and summer pruning after fruit picking, also to wipe out rudiment, the branch of fall and winter growth and wipe out move long shoot and the rudiment of tree crown inside, to keep tree body ventilation and penetrating light good; At the planting area of cold, carry out winter pruning and summer pruning after the fruit picking, and wipe out spring and autumn pumping rudiment and branch, to keep tree body ventilation and penetrating light good.
Described warm planting area refers to plateau monsoon climatic region, subtropics, such as areas such as the Qujing in Yunnan, Chuxiong, Yongsheng, Yongrens.
The planting area of described cold refers to the moistening monsoon climatic region in subtropics, such as Guangyuan, Dazhou City, the Mianyang in Sichuan, the Wudu in Gansu, the areas such as Chenggu, Shaanxi.
At warm planting area, the winter pruning and summer pruning after fruit picking, for the rudiment of the rudiment branch of autumn growth or even winter growth and branch will in time cut off and erase water sprout and the rudiment of tree crown inside, make its tree crown keep for a long time state happy, ventilation and penetrating light, its output is high, and damage by disease and insect is few.
At the planting area of cold, do the winter pruning after the fruit picking and study for a second time courses one has flunked summer and cut, for spring and autumn, the rudiment of pumping and branch will in time be erased and be cut off.
For the raising effect of better explanation trimming method of the present invention to the olive amount of bearing fruit, the applicant has contrasted the on average amount of bearing fruit in the olive when adopting respectively traditional trimming method and trimming method of the present invention 5 years.
Comparative trial 1: the kind of bearing fruit morning of blooming adopts the on average amount of bearing fruit of two kinds of trimming methods to contrast
Choose that Crow Lycra (Koroneika), beans fruits (Arbequina), Hubei Province are planted (E-Z8 number), Pi Guaer (Picual), white olive (Ulliri bardhe), Ke Ladi (Cordal Sevillana), join many spirit (Pendoline), Bei Late (Berat), rice pricks (Mixaj) these 9 the olive kind early of bearing fruit of blooming, general Second Year can be yielded positive results after this kind field planting, and large tracts of land was bloomed and born fruit in the 3rd year.The seedling age of selected sapling is 2 years, height of seedling 1m, the thick 0.6cm in footpath, and soil is silt, each kind 5 strain, the field planting time is on January 12nd, 2005.In the situation that other manages and protects term harmonization, described product plant is adopted respectively traditional trimming method and trimming method of the present invention, contrast the on average amount of the bearing fruit (unit: the kg/ strain) of each product plant in 2006-2012 these 7 years.Concrete result of the test is as shown in table 1 below.
Comparative trial 2: the kind of bearing fruit late of blooming adopts the on average amount of bearing fruit of two kinds of trimming methods to contrast
Choose Fo Ao (Frantoio), Lay star (Leccino), A Si (Ascolana), card woods (Kalinjot), Qie Mulaer (Chemlal), Bei Cuili (Patrinia), methylene blue and open (Manaki), Ni Xiaote (Nisiot), middle mountain 24 (Zhongshan 24) these 9 the olive kind of bearing fruit late of blooming, can yield positive results in general the 3rd year after this kind field planting, large tracts of land was bloomed and is born fruit in the 4th year.The seedling age of selected sapling is 2 years, its height of seedling 1m, the thick 0.6cm in footpath, soil be silty sand ±, each kind 5 strain, the field planting time is on January 12nd, 2005,2006 without blooming, and began to bloom in 2007 to bear fruit.Manage and protect the situation of term harmonization at other, described product plant is adopted respectively traditional trimming method and trimming method of the present invention, (unit: the kg/ strain), concrete result of the test is as shown in table 2 below to contrast the on average amount of bearing fruit of each product plant in 2007-2012 these 6 years.
Table 1
Table 2
Can find out by above-mentioned two groups of comparative trial data, when adopting trimming method of the present invention to prune olive, can obviously improve the amount of bearing fruit of olive.The seeds that bear fruit morning for blooming, on average the amount of bearing fruit can improve more than 30%; The seeds in evening that bear fruit for blooming, on average the amount of bearing fruit can improve more than 25%.
Compare with traditional trimming method, adopt trimming method of the present invention, can also make olive tree early flowering result.In 9 kinds early of bearing fruit of blooming, when adopting traditional trimming method, in 5 plant of each kind, the plant number of blooming in 2006 is respectively: 4,4,5,4,3,4,3,4,3; When adopting trimming method of the present invention, the plant number of blooming in 2006 in 5 plant of each kind is respectively: 5,4,5,
4, 4,4,
4, 4,3.In 9 the late kinds of bearing fruit of blooming, when adopting traditional trimming method, in 5 plant of each kind, the plant number of blooming in 2007 is respectively: 2,0,3,2,3,2,1,2,1; When adopting trimming method of the present invention, the plant number of blooming in 2007 in 5 plant of each kind is respectively: 2,1,3,3,2,
3, 2,
1,
2
Can be found out by above correction data, the kind early of bearing fruit for blooming and the late kind of bearing fruit of blooming adopt trimming method of the present invention all can improve the quantity of its plant that blooms, so that olive tree early flowering result.
It should be noted, the present invention will be described rather than limit the invention for above-described embodiment, and those skilled in the art can design alternative embodiment in the situation of the scope that does not break away from claims.In the claims, any reference symbol between bracket should be configured to limitations on claims.Word " comprises " not to be got rid of existence and is not listed in element or step in the claim.
Claims (10)
1. trimming method that be used for to improve the olive tree amount of bearing fruit may further comprise the steps:
The pruning of treelet phase: keep a robust growth, upright branch after the treelet field planting in 1 year as trunk, all the other branches are wiped out; During height of tree 1m-1.2m, pluck the trunk top tip, keep 2-3 side shoot as major branch; During height of tree 2.5m-3m, branch is pruned after plucking the major branch top tip;
Pruning in the full bearing period: according to what of result, adjust the ratio of fruit bearing shoot and vegetative shoot;
Rejuvenating phase pruning: the tree body is returned the contracting pruning or removed all branches from the trunk saw; And
Wherein, during the treelet pruning, during height of tree 2.5m-3m, pluck the trunk top tip after, the kind early of bearing fruit for blooming is carried out light pruning to branch; The late kind of bearing fruit for blooming is deeplyd prune to branch.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described light pruning long pruner that refers to the rudiment on the major branch in the tree crown, uprightly move removes, and keeps all the other cross growths and the downward branch of growth, and the branch pruning rate is no more than tree body branch total amount 30%.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described deepling prune refers to the main overstocked weak fruit bearing shoot of pruning, and side shoot, major branch and the long shoot that uprightly moves, rudiment wiped out, its branch pruning rate accounts for tree body branch total amount 50%-70%.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 2-3 of described reservation the side shoot dislocation as major branch selected and remain.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described side shoot is apart from ground 60-80cm, and its following side shoot is disposable or wipe out gradually.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described side shoot is the angle of 45-60 degree with the olive tree trunk in incubation.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when carrying out described full bearing period pruning, the result is in many time, the fruit bearing shoot that keep after fruit picking more, weak branch behind the result, overlapping branch and sick branch are wiped out, and the branch pruning amount accounts for the 50-70% of tree body total amount; The result is in few time, and the branch that will affect tree crown inner ventilation printing opacity after fruit picking is suitably wiped out, and all the other fruit bearing shoot keep.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described blooming born fruit that kind early is that Crow Lycra, beans fruit, Hubei Province are planted, Pi Guaer, white olive, Ke Ladi, joined many spirits, Bei Late, rice bundle.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described late kind of yielding positive results is that Fo Ao, Lay star, A Si, card woods, Zhang Lin, Qie Mulaer, Bei Cuili, methylene blue open, Ni Xiaote and middle mountain 24.
10. each described method according to claim 1-9, it is characterized in that: at warm planting area, the winter pruning and summer pruning after fruit picking, also to wipe out rudiment, the branch of fall and winter growth and wipe out move long shoot and the rudiment of tree crown inside; At the planting area of cold, carry out winter pruning and summer pruning after the fruit picking, and wipe out spring and autumn pumping rudiment and branch.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103355131A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-10-23 | 吴建合 | Fruit tree pruning method capable of improving yield and quality of fruits |
| CN103999704A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-27 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Bud-picking method for olive planted trees |
| CN106386351A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-02-15 | 安徽省怡果生态科技有限公司 | Management method for prolonging fruiting period of fig tree |
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| EP2324701A1 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-05-25 | Claudio Bortolussi | Fastening system |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103355131A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-10-23 | 吴建合 | Fruit tree pruning method capable of improving yield and quality of fruits |
| CN103355131B (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2014-07-16 | 吴建合 | Fruit tree pruning method capable of improving yield and quality of fruits |
| CN103999704A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-27 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Bud-picking method for olive planted trees |
| CN106386351A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-02-15 | 安徽省怡果生态科技有限公司 | Management method for prolonging fruiting period of fig tree |
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