CN103355131B - Fruit tree pruning method capable of improving yield and quality of fruits - Google Patents
Fruit tree pruning method capable of improving yield and quality of fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN103355131B CN103355131B CN201310335697.3A CN201310335697A CN103355131B CN 103355131 B CN103355131 B CN 103355131B CN 201310335697 A CN201310335697 A CN 201310335697A CN 103355131 B CN103355131 B CN 103355131B
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] Chemical compound [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013569 fruit product Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000002451 Overnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020823 overnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fruit tree pruning method capable of improving the yield and the quality of fruits. The method comprises the following steps: carving buds for the first time, namely, carving buds on positions, more than 90cm high, of a main stem base part before budding; changing axes completely, namely, completely shearing off main branches born in the first year at one time, leaving 2mm crops for rotation at base openings; carving buds for the second time, namely, carving buds on the crops for rotation before budding; slowly placing; reserving branch groups bearing fruits; shearing off unnecessary branches after axis changing, and using 25-30 distances between the branches as fruit bearing branch groups; balancing tree vigor; conducting axis changing processing on vigorous branches of the bearing branch groups. The method has the advantages that fruit trees supply needed nutrition for flower buds in a centralized mode after axis changing processing, and vigorous branches at the top are reduced, so that nutrition waste is effectively avoided, and a large amount of manpower for trimming branches is saved; tree body nutrition is effectively transmitted to the positions where flower buds form, so that the formation of the flower buds are greatly promoted, the output of fruit products is improved by 1.5 times, and economic benefits are considerable; the tree body is good in ventilation performance and light transmission performance so as to be favorable to operation such as manual bagging and medication. Moreover, fruits are good in coloring and are regular in shape.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for trimming fruit trees, be specifically related to a kind of method for trimming fruit trees that can improve fruit output and quality, belong to fruit growing field.
Background technology
Existing method for trimming fruit trees, with reference to Fig. 1, is generally First Year: fixed dry; Second Year: self-sow; The 3rd year: draw branch to process; The 4th year: to the surely dry band girdle that carries out; The 5th year: Culture Center leader is dry.
Through practice for many years, find that existing method for trimming fruit trees exists following problem:
1, determine the dry nutrition cultivation control that caused, ground floor branch is major branch concentrations in 20cm trunk, not only bad for ventilation and penetrating light, is also unfavorable for the operation such as artificial bagging, medication;
2, major branch, by drawing branch, weakens tree vigo(u)r, has not only wasted manpower, and overnutrition abundance cause vertical branch increase, apical dominance is obvious, has caused nutrition waste.For fear of more nutrition waste, the vigorous branch of 30% left and right that need to prune away every year;
3, vigorous branch is too much, and the nutrition of tree body fails to be transported to the position that forms bud, has greatly affected the formation of bud, has finally caused fruit output lower;
4, band girdle mode has caused nutrition to cut system, and tree vigo(u)r is weakened, thereby it is poor to cause setting body resistance against diseases, and especially Fuji apple makes it easily suffer from ring spot, becomes a great problem in Fuji apple cultivation;
5, tree body limb too much, excessively prosperous, cause the various problems such as fruit shape is not rectified, fruit color is poor to occur.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for trimming fruit trees that can effectively improve fruit output and quality, and the method can also effectively be saved fertilizer cost and human cost.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A method for trimming fruit trees that improves fruit output and quality, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Carve first bud: sapling is after planting when broken top 2-3cm, more than trunk base portion 90cm, bud carves bud before sprouting; After branch sends, leave and take uniformly part branch;
All change axle: in the time of the spring of Second Year, the disposable raw major branch of First Year of all cutting, Ji Kou stays 2mm crops for rotation;
Secondary is carved bud: change after axle, before bud is sprouted, crops for rotation are carved to bud, carve 0.5cm place above crops for rotation, bud position;
Slow putting: in Second Year summer, base bud is appeared again, and the branch sending is steadily grown;
Retain fruit-bearing shoot cluster: the 3rd year starts, cut the unnecessary branch after axle that changes annual July, branch spacing 25-30cm is branch group as a result of;
Balance tree vigo(u)r: the 4th year starts, changes axle processing to the prosperous branch on fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
The method for trimming fruit trees of aforesaid raising fruit output and quality, is characterized in that, carving first in bud process, carves the position of bud apart from bud 0.2cm, and width is greater than the width of bud, and the degree of depth is to the contact of bark and layer of wood.
The method for trimming fruit trees of aforesaid raising fruit output and quality, is characterized in that, at the 4-8 of fruit tree growth phase, changes axle processing to crossing prosperous branch on fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
The method for trimming fruit trees of aforesaid raising fruit output and quality, is characterized in that, at the 8-15 of fruit tree growth phase, each weak branch is cut end of the branch 5-10cm, and other branches are cut end of the branch 1-2cm.
The method for trimming fruit trees of aforesaid raising fruit output and quality, is characterized in that, changes after axle, adopts lime sulfur to carry out sterilization to crops for rotation.
In the present invention, changing axle is defined as: the raw branch of First Year is cut formed circular scar from base portion from trunk 2cm be that axle shape head and branch combine to be called and change axle.
Usefulness of the present invention is: fruit tree is after changing axle processing, branch arteries and veins is thin and delicate, the branch that base bud is sent is steadily grown, effectively play the effect that changes apical dominance, scientific and reasonable conveying nutrition, change the branch nutrition centralizedly supply bud desired nutritional after axle, the vigorous branch in top reduces, and has effectively avoided nutrition waste, has saved a large amount of human inputs and has pruned branch; Because the nutrition of tree body has effectively been transported to the position that forms bud, greatly promote the formation of bud, make fruit output improve nearly 1.5 times, economic benefits; Ventilation, the light transmission of tree body are good, are conducive to the operation such as artificial bagging, medication, and fruit color is good, and fruit shape is rectified.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing method for trimming fruit trees;
Fig. 2 is method for trimming fruit trees of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Fig. 2 and specific embodiment, the present invention is done to concrete introduction.
With reference to Fig. 2, taking apple tree as example, the method for trimming fruit trees of raising fruit output of the present invention and quality, comprises the following steps:
1, carve first bud: in the April in spring, when apple sapling is broken top 2-3cm after planting, more than trunk base portion 90cm, bud carves bud before sprouting, carving bud can not be too early, otherwise can cause bad to trunk wound healing, tree body water loss is serious, adopts cutter straight cuts one cutter while carving bud, carve the position of bud apart from bud 0.2cm, width is greater than the width of bud, and the degree of depth, to the contact of bark and layer of wood, guarantees not damage layer of wood.After branch sends, leave and take uniformly the good branch of part in order to cultivation results major branch.First Year is carved the branch that sends of bud and is descended root system to follow growth accordingly, efficient hardening tree vigo(u)r.
2, all change axle: in the time of the spring of Second Year, the disposable raw major branch of First Year of all cutting, if part major branch does not change axle, can cause and change shaft portion base bud and send slowly, tree-like inclined to one side hat.While changing axle, Ji Kou stays 2mm crops for rotation, in case spring breeze is drawn into trunk, plays protective action.For ensureing branch healthy growth, change after axle, adopt lime sulfur to carry out sterilization to crops for rotation.
3, secondary is carved bud: change after axle, before bud is sprouted, crops for rotation are carved to bud, carve 0.5cm place above crops for rotation, bud position.
4, slow putting: in Second Year summer, base bud is appeared again, and the branch sending is steadily grown.
5, retain fruit-bearing shoot cluster: the 3rd year starts, cut the unnecessary branch after axle that changes annual July, branch spacing 25-30cm is branch group as a result of.
6, balance tree vigo(u)r: the 4th year starts, changes axle processing to the prosperous branch on fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Adopt above-mentioned method for trimming fruit trees, can gather in the crops apple since the 3rd year.
Within the vegetative period of apple tree, 1-8 is to delay as main, particularly at 4-8, change axle processing to crossing prosperous branch on fruit-bearing shoot cluster, to balance tree vigo(u)r, effectively sent prosperous branch and changed axle base bud, and that weak branch changes sending of axle base bud is suppressed, after 8 years, enter result and contain the phase, now need to change the branch of axle seldom.
8-15, fruit tree enters result and contains the phase, need suitably bounce back to weak branch, and other branch is to break top as main, and each weak branch is cut end of the branch 5-10cm, and other branches are cut end of the branch 1-2cm, in this stage, auxiliary to change axle processing to crossing prosperous branch on fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Method of the present invention is applied to multiple bases such as base, apple orchard, Yu Men village, great Xin Zhai township, Funing County, Qinhuangdao, base, apple orchard, Du Shi village, Ge Hetou township, Manchu autonomous County of Qinglong, Qinhuangdao, compare with the trimming method of existing routine, output (unit: pound/acre) comparing result is as follows:
| 1-2 | The 3rd year | The 4th year | The 5th year | The 6th year | |
| Existing method | Without output | Without output | Without output | 1000-1500 | 1000-1500 |
| Base, apple orchard, Yu Men village | Without output | 645 | 1100 | 3230 | 3410 |
| Base, apple orchard, Du Shi village | Without output | 800 | 1900 | 3890 | 3970 |
As can be seen here, method of the present invention has improved output greatly.
Method of the present invention, what mainly adopt is the theory of " going to force to stay on weak, comb slow putting ", changing axle processing is its concrete embodiment, because prosperous branch is few, make painted good, photosynthesis is strong, underground Nutrient Absorption all right, nutrition is concentrated, therefore the output of fruit is improved, and has generally occurred the gratifying phenomenon of the large fruit of weak branch knot.
In addition, because prosperous branch is few, manually draw again branch with regard to not needing, pruned the labour cost paying and reduced by 80% left and right.
Meanwhile, the useless branch of cutting is every year few, can save nearly 30% left and right of fertilizers input cost, has greatly improved orchard worker's economic benefit.
It should be noted that, above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, and all employings are equal to replaces or technical scheme that the mode of equivalent transformation obtains, all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a method for trimming fruit trees that improves fruit output and quality, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Carve first bud: sapling is after planting when broken top 2-3cm, more than trunk base portion 90cm, bud carves bud before sprouting; After branch sends, leave and take uniformly part branch;
All change axle: in the time of the spring of Second Year, the disposable raw major branch of First Year of all cutting, Ji Kou stays 2mm crops for rotation;
Secondary is carved bud: change after axle, before bud is sprouted, crops for rotation are carved to bud, carve 0.5cm place above crops for rotation, bud position;
Slow putting: in Second Year summer, base bud is appeared again, and the branch sending is steadily grown;
Retain fruit-bearing shoot cluster: the 3rd year starts, cut the unnecessary branch after axle that changes annual July, branch spacing 25-30cm is branch group as a result of;
Balance tree vigo(u)r: the 4th year starts, changes axle processing to the prosperous branch on fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
2. the method for trimming fruit trees of raising fruit output according to claim 1 and quality, is characterized in that, carving first in bud process, carves the position of bud apart from bud 0.2cm, and width is greater than the width of bud, and the degree of depth is to the contact of bark and layer of wood.
3. the method for trimming fruit trees of raising fruit output according to claim 1 and quality, is characterized in that, at the 4-8 of fruit tree growth phase, changes axle processing to crossing prosperous branch on fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
4. the method for trimming fruit trees of raising fruit output according to claim 3 and quality, is characterized in that, at the 8-15 of fruit tree growth phase, each weak branch is cut end of the branch 5-10cm, and other branches are cut end of the branch 1-2cm.
5. according to the raising fruit output described in claim 1 to 4 any one and the method for trimming fruit trees of quality, it is characterized in that, change after axle, adopt lime sulfur to carry out sterilization to crops for rotation.
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| CN103999705B (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-06-08 | 河北农业大学 | Bud carving method for lateral super-long branches of high-grafting pear trees |
| CN108651130A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-16 | 河北农业大学 | Method for quickly forming young fruit trees |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102257941A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-11-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Culture and updating pruning method for bearing branch groups of red fuji apples |
| CN102884952A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Pruning method for improving fruit bearing amount of olive trees |
| CN102960210A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-13 | 黄友良 | Hollow training method without trunks |
| CN103210813A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-24 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Lignification jujube bearing branch culture method for pear-jujube in northern Sinkiang area |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4873392B1 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2012-02-08 | 稲本マシンツール工業株式会社 | Chestnut branching / pruning / fruiting / fruit extraction |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102257941A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-11-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Culture and updating pruning method for bearing branch groups of red fuji apples |
| CN102960210A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-13 | 黄友良 | Hollow training method without trunks |
| CN102884952A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Pruning method for improving fruit bearing amount of olive trees |
| CN103210813A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-07-24 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Lignification jujube bearing branch culture method for pear-jujube in northern Sinkiang area |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 耿玉韬.自由纺锤形.《苹果树修剪大全》.1995,141-144页. * |
| 苹果冬季修剪技术;陈桂玉;《中国农业推广网http://www.farmers.org.cn/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=32893》;20100122;第1页第三节 * |
| 陈桂玉.苹果冬季修剪技术.《中国农业推广网http://www.farmers.org.cn/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=32893》.2010, |
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