CN115211331B - Melon high-yield planting method and cultivation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a melon high-yield planting method and a melon high-yield cultivation device. Comprises proportioning matrix, seed treatment, planting, management and preventing plant diseases and insect pests. The garden soil and the organic matrix are mixed to form the matrix, and melon planting is carried out by using the matrix, so that soilless culture is realized, and the yield is effectively improved. The invention aims to solve the problem that the branches and tendrils of the melons are premature in the traditional condition of guaranteeing the taste of the melons, so that the yield of the melons in the later period is affected.

Description

Melon high-yield planting method and cultivation device

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a melon high-yield planting method and a melon high-yield cultivation device.

Background

Melon, also known as muskmelon. Is annual tendril herb of Cucurbitaceae. The stems and branches have edges. Tendrils are fine, single and slightly soft. The leaf stalk is long with grooves and short bristles; the blade is thick paper, the upper surface is rough, and white rough bristles are used. Flower monosity, hermaphrodite. Male flowers: a plurality of clusters are formed in leaf axils; the pedicel is fine; corolla yellow; female flowers: single-shot, rough pedicel and soft hair; the ovary is oblong. The shape and color of the fruit are different according to varieties, and the fruit is generally spherical or oblong, has smooth peel and longitudinal grooves or speckles, and has white, yellow or green pulp and sweet taste; the seeds are dirty white or yellowish white, oval or oblong, tip and smooth in surface.

In the current melon planting process, as melon results are usually carried out from bottom to top, melon branches and tendrils are early weakened under the condition of guaranteeing the taste of the melons in the process of carrying out the results, and thus the yield of the melons in the later period is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the branches and tendrils of the melons are premature in the traditional condition of guaranteeing the taste of the melons, so that the yield of the melons in the later period is affected.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the basic scheme of the invention provides a melon high-yield planting method and a melon high-yield cultivation device, which specifically comprise the following steps:

firstly, proportioning a matrix, garden soil and an organic matrix, mixing, adding urea and a compound fertilizer to promote decomposition and fermentation, and adjusting the pH value of the matrix to be between 6.0 and 6.8 by lime and aluminum sulfate;

second, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:

(1) Soaking the selected seeds in warm water at 25-35 ℃ for 7-9 hours, and then fishing out the seeds to clean the mucous membrane on the surfaces of the seeds;

(2) After the cleaning is finished, soaking the seeds by using 8% sodium phosphate solution, controlling the soaking time within a range of 15-20 minutes, and cleaning the seeds by using clean water for 2-3 times;

(3) After the cleaning is finished, draining water, wrapping the seeds in clean wet cloth, placing the wet cloth in an environment condition of 29-31 ℃, and sowing when the buds of 80% of the seeds grow to 0.8-1 mm;

thirdly, planting, wherein the steps are as follows:

(1) Spraying broad-spectrum bactericide on the bottom surface of the nutrition pot, filling the nutrition pot with the matrix with the mixture ratio, pouring the matrix thoroughly, and reserving planting pits with the depth of 3-5 cm;

(2) Placing the seeds with the sprouting promotion downwards in a planting pit, covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 2-4 cm and covering a mulching film;

(3) The seedling emergence and the film withdrawal are carried out, the temperature is required to be controlled to be 24-26 ℃ after the seedling emergence, the night temperature cannot be lower than 15 ℃, the day temperature is required to be kept at about 22 ℃ in the daytime for 5-8 days before the transplanting, the night temperature is required to be controlled to be about 13 ℃, the excessive growth phenomenon is avoided, watering is not required before the sowing, and the drought phenomenon of the seedling bed can be properly supplemented;

(4) When seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart, performing field planting;

(5) The planting greenhouse needs to be fastened 10-15 days before planting, the temperature in the greenhouse is increased in advance, the substrate in the first step is loaded in a culture vessel and placed in the greenhouse for decomposition 20-30 days in advance, the row spacing of the culture vessel is between 70 cm and 80 cm, the column spacing of the culture vessel is between 40cm and 60 cm, and planting is performed in the morning of sunny days;

fourth, managing, including:

(1) The fifth true leaves appear until the first firm flowers are opened in the vine stretching period, all inner buds of 1-12 knots of the main vine are simultaneously smeared according to weather conditions, water is supplemented at 10-11 points in the same day by utilizing a drip irrigation technology according to matrix fertility, and nutrient solution EC is between 1.5 and 2.1;

(2) In the flowering period, the son vines occurring on the 13 th to 18 th knots on the main vines are used as fruiting vines, 2 leaves are left for picking cores before female flowers are opened, other son vines are all removed, and if the fruiting vines have the phenomenon of yellowing of young female buds, the fruiting vines should be recovered as early as possible; simultaneously, three female flowers are taken as a group, three groups of female flowers are reserved on one branch, each female flower is separated by 1-2 leaves, each group is separated by 5-7 leaves, pollination is carried out between 9 and 10 points on the same day by dipping melon embryo with forchlorfenuron, water supplementing is carried out between 10 and 11 points on the same day by drip irrigation technology, and topdressing is carried out, wherein the nutrient solution EC is between 2.0 and 2.5;

(3) In the fruiting period, when the lowest female flower group starts to enter the fruiting period, the drip irrigation technology is utilized to supplement water at 10-11 points on the same day and simultaneously carry out additional fertilization, the nutrient solution EC is between 2.3-2.7, the old leaves at the base of the main vine are cut off 3-5 leaves, the day-night temperature difference is ensured to be between 13-18 ℃, according to the fruiting period, the early-maturing variety is 20-40 days after the pollination of the flowers, and after 70-80 days after the pollination of the late-maturing variety, melon picking can be carried out according to the flowering sequence of each group;

fifth, the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented,

(1) The whole period ensures that the pH value of the substrate is as high as 6-7, and the activity of fusarium wilt bacteria is reduced;

(2) After the seedlings are slowly grown for 7-10 days, the clopyralid is sprayed on the melon seedlings, and the irrigation time is reduced before 5-10 leaves.

The technical scheme is characterized in that: first select a sweet fruit variety suitable for the local climate according to the local environment, but care needs to be taken: in the process of developing greenhouse melon cultivation operation, the space has tightness, but the actual cultivation density is relatively large, and the problem of disease and insect damage is caused because of great difficulty in controlling basic parameters such as temperature, humidity and the like. During seed selection, the method is used for analyzing the planting quality of commodities such as melons, and considering influences brought by economic benefits and the like, and ensures that the melons are excellent in variety screening process and have stronger disease resistance, so that the method meets the overall requirements of links such as market development and user consumption. Then, the soilless culture substrate is proportioned, garden soil and an organic substrate are used for proportioning, in the proportioning process, the sensitivity of the muskmelon to chlorine elements is relatively high, so that in the process of developing planting operation, potassium fertilizers taking potassium chloride as a raw material are forbidden, 3 different types of nutrient elements actually required in the muskmelon planting operation comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the proportion occupied by the 3 elements is strictly controlled and controlled, the proportion is respectively kept in the proportion range of 30:15:55, although the pH value of the muskmelon to the soil is not high, the preferable pH value of the soil is required, the preferable pH value of the soil is 6.0-6.8, the pH value of the substrate is required to be tested, when the substrate does not meet the most suitable growth conditions of the muskmelon, the substrate is placed in a culture vessel after being proportioned, and the substrate is decomposed by high temperature in a greenhouse. The seedling raising work can be carried out next, the seed needs to be pretreated in the early stage in order to ensure the germination rate of the seeds and the growth intensity of the seeds after germination, after 80 percent of the seeds are germinated, the nutrition pot can be effectively utilized for sowing work, at the moment, the seedlings need to be raised by using thoroughly decomposed matrixes, in the period of emergence, in order to avoid the phenomenon of excessive growth after the seedlings are raised, watering is generally not needed before sowing, the drought phenomenon of the seedbed can be properly carried out, the humidity of the matrixes is ensured to be 10 percent, the field planting work is carried out when the seedlings grow to the center of three leaves, at the moment, the matrixes in the greenhouse are thoroughly decomposed, the field planting is carried out, after the field planting, all buds at the inner sides of 1-12 sections of the main vines are simultaneously smeared according to the weather condition, the additional fertilizer is carried out at the 10-11 points on the same day by using a drip irrigation technology, the nutrition solution EC is between 1.5-2.1, and the seedlings are carried out before the leaves are spread, on the one hand, the excessive wound is prevented from being healed, the seedlings are slowly infected, and the excessive growth of the whole plant is not influenced on the other hand. The pruning is carried out on sunny days, and the medicine is sprayed in time after the pruning is finished to prevent diseases. In the flowering period, in order to improve the sweetness of each melon and the like, each melon is divided into three batches, each batch is separated by 5-7 leaves, and at the moment, the second batch can enter the fruit swelling period after the first batch is ripe, so that the quality of the melons can be ensured while the yield is ensured, and the subsequent sales are not influenced. The fruiting period needs to have different variety maturation time to carry out melon picking work. In the process of developing melon cultivation operation, powdery mildew, anthracnose and gummy stem blight all belong to serious disease problems and can prevent healthy growth of melons, and aphids and white flies belong to main insect pests which interfere with the growth of the melons. When the powdery mildew and insect pests are prevented and treated, 25% of triadimefon wettable powder can be used for spraying in a spray form of 2000 times of liquid, so that the powdery mildew and insect pests can be effectively prevented and treated. When treating anthracnose, 70% of substances such as thiophanate methyl can be used for controlling the anthracnose to 500-700 times of liquid, and the prevention and control operation also needs to be carried out in a spray form. When the problems of diseases such as white fly and the like are prevented, 25% of the 100-time liquid of the prometryn wettable powder can be used, and the prometryn wettable powder can be sprayed on the surface and the back of the blade. When the disease problems of melon aphids and the like are treated, substances such as the aphinine emulsifiable concentrate and the like can be used for controlling by taking 50% and 150 times of liquid as main substances, so that excellent pest control effect can be obtained. Meanwhile, the whole period ensures that the pH value of the matrix is as high as 6-7, the activity of fusarium wilt is reduced, after 7-10 seedlings are revived, the clopyralid is sprayed on the seedlings, and before 5-10 leaves, the irrigation time and irrigation are reduced, the supply of water is reduced before the seedlings are lignified, the seedlings are prevented from being broken, and the invasion of fusarium wilt is reduced.

Further, in the first step, the organic matrix comprises 2 parts of wormcast and 3 parts of rice hulls, and 1 part of garden soil is mixed with 2-3 parts of the organic matrix. The earthworms can digest organic matters such as garbage, straw and the like, and the mixed soil is discharged out of wormcast. Wormcast is a good decomposed organic fertilizer, and is soil with a granular structure, so that the wormcast has a good promoting effect on melon growth and development; the rice hull surface has certain enamel, so that the decomposition rate of the matrix can be reduced, and the melon can be gradually decomposed and stably provided with nutrients in the whole growth period.

Further, after draining the water in the second step, the water is turned over every 2-3 hours. Ensuring the germination rate of melon planting and providing stable humidity for the melon planting.

Further, after the third step of planting is completed, a black sunshade net is paved on the surface of the culture vessel. The sunshade net is used to ensure that fibrous roots grow from the neck to the bottom of the root, the root system is white and has no plant diseases and insect pests, the root system is 4-6 main roots, the root length is 50-60 cm, and the fibrous roots are not in a lump.

Further, the depth is set so as to expose cotyledons. Ensure the normal growth during the field planting.

Further, in the fourth step, strong sunlight is ensured to be irradiated for 10-12 hours, the temperature of the greenhouse is kept between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, the light saturation point of the light is ensured to be between 55000 and 60000 lux, the compensation point is 4000 lux, the air humidity in the greenhouse is ensured to be 60% in the stretching period of the fourth step, the air humidity in the greenhouse is ensured to be 30% in the flower forming period of the fourth step, and the air humidity in the greenhouse is ensured to be 25% in the fruiting period of the fourth step. In the daily growth process of the melon, the support of sunlight and moisture is needed, the sufficient sunlight supply is ensured, and the daily sunlight time is kept at 10-12 for sale, so that the growth quality of the melon is ensured; secondly, the control force on the humidity needs to be increased. In the process of cultivating melon greenhouse, the air humidity in the greenhouse needs to be ensured to be in a range of about 60%. Although the melon in seedling stage and growing stage has relatively strong adaptability to air humidity, the melon has sensitivity to air humidity after flowering and fruit setting stage, and humidity reduction method is needed to provide proper environment condition for melon.

Further, in the melon seedling vine stretching period in the fourth step, pruning treatment is guaranteed, so that one melon seedling guarantees three growing branches, two branches serve as fruiting branches, and one branch serves as a nutrient to provide branches. Three batches of melons are obtained by using two branches and tendrils, and then one branch and tendrils provides nutrients for the other two branches and tendrils.

Further, in the fourth step, the nutrition ratio is adjusted by adopting the proportion of medium nitrogen, low phosphorus and high potassium. Ensures that the nutrient can be stably provided and simultaneously ensures the proportion of 30:15:55.

Further, still including the regulation subassembly for installing cultivation household utensils, regulation subassembly includes the backup pad, and the slip is equipped with a plurality of installation base that are used for installing cultivation household utensils in the backup pad, backup pad one side equipartition is equipped with a plurality of distance regulation holes, all opens the locating hole that corresponds with the regulation hole on the installation base, has inserted the locating pin in the locating hole, and backup pad bilateral symmetry is equipped with adjustable high traction plate, and the traction plate slides towards backup pad one side and is equipped with a plurality of traction rings, has the traction head in the cultivation household utensils, is equipped with melon climbing rope between traction head and the traction ring. Soilless cultivation of melons is carried out by using the cultivation vessel, and different intervals are adjusted according to different growth degrees of each melon in the vine stretching period, so that illumination to each melon seedling is ensured to be relatively average, and meanwhile, the planting quantity in the greenhouse can be ensured to be always at the optimal position, and the planting yield of the melons is effectively ensured.

Further, a drain hole is formed in the bottom of the culture vessel, a leakage-proof piston is arranged on the drain hole, and a heating plate is arranged on the culture vessel. The temperature of the growing environment can be actively increased under the condition of low temperature at the initial stage of field planting, the production rate is increased, the early fruiting period is convenient, the time to market is increased, and the selling price of the melons at the earlier stage is ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a culture apparatus of a melon high-yield planting method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 shows a partial enlarged view of fig. 1 in a melon high-yield planting method and a cultivation device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention for achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description will refer to the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a supporting plate 1, a mounting base 2, a culture vessel 3, an adjusting hole 4, a positioning hole 5, an adjusting sleeve 6, an adjusting rod 7, a traction plate 8, a traction ring 9, a leakage-proof piston 10 and a traction head 11.

Embodiment shows with fig. 1 and 2, including backup pad 1, the slip has set up a plurality of installation base 2 on the backup pad 1, backup pad 1 one side equipartition is equipped with a plurality of distance regulation hole 4, all open on the installation base 2 and two locating holes 5 that correspond with regulation hole 4, can insert the locating pin in the locating hole 5, backup pad 1 both sides symmetry is equipped with height-adjustable's traction plate 8, traction plate 8 slides towards backup pad 1 one side and is equipped with a plurality of traction rings 9, all the rigid coupling has traction head 11 in the culture vessel 3, be equipped with melon climbing rope between traction head 11 and the traction ring 9, it has the wash port to open the culture vessel 3 bottom, be equipped with leak protection piston 10 on the wash port, be equipped with the hot plate on the culture vessel 3.

The main parameters in each example of the invention are shown in table 1:

in a specific implementation process, taking example 1 as an example, the method for planting muskmelon in high yield is specifically described as follows:

firstly, proportioning a matrix, garden soil and an organic matrix, mixing, adding urea and a compound fertilizer to promote decomposition and fermentation, and adjusting the pH value of the matrix to be between 6.0 and 6.8 by lime and aluminum sulfate, wherein the organic matrix comprises 2 parts of wormcast and 3 parts of rice hulls, and 1 part of garden soil is proportioned to 2.5 parts of the organic matrix;

second, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:

(1) Soaking the selected seeds in warm water at 25-35 ℃ for 7-9 hours, and then fishing out the seeds to clean the mucous membrane on the surfaces of the seeds;

(2) After the cleaning is finished, soaking the seeds by using 8% sodium phosphate solution, controlling the soaking time within a range of 15-20 minutes, and cleaning the seeds by using clean water for 2-3 times;

(3) After the cleaning is finished, draining water, wrapping the seeds in clean wet cloth, placing the wet cloth in an environment condition of 29-31 ℃, turning the wet cloth once every 2-3 hours, and sowing the seeds when 80% of the seeds grow to 0.8-1 mm after about 10 hours;

thirdly, planting, wherein the steps are as follows:

(1) Spraying broad-spectrum bactericide on the bottom surface of the nutrition pot, filling the nutrition pot with the matrix with the mixture ratio, pouring the matrix thoroughly, and reserving planting pits with the depth of 3-5 cm;

(2) Placing the seeds with the sprouting promotion downwards in a planting pit, covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 2-4 cm and covering a mulching film;

(3) The seedlings emerge, the mulching film is withdrawn, the temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃ after the seedlings emerge, and the night temperature cannot be lower than 15 ℃. The temperature in the daytime needs to be kept at about 22 ℃ and the temperature at night needs to be controlled at about 13 ℃ 5-8 days before transplanting, so that overgrowth phenomenon is avoided, watering is generally not needed before sowing, and seedling bed drought phenomenon can be properly supplemented;

(4) When the seedlings grow to be three leaves and one heart, performing field planting, wherein the field planting depth takes the exposure of the cotyledons as a limit;

(5) The method comprises the steps that a shed buckling work is needed to be carried out 10-15 days before planting in a planting greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse is increased in advance, matrixes in the first step are loaded in a culture vessel 3 and placed in the greenhouse in advance for thoroughly decomposing, the row spacing of the culture vessel 3 is 70-80 cm, the column spacing of the culture vessel 3 is 40-60 cm, and planting is carried out in the morning of sunny days; in the field planting process, a certain supplementing position Miao Zhu is required to be planted in the culture vessel 3 in the vacant greenhouse;

fourth, managing, wherein the whole period ensures that strong light is shining for 10-12 hours, the greenhouse temperature is kept between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, the light saturation point of illumination is ensured between 55000 and 60000 lux, the compensation point is 4000 lux, the air humidity in the greenhouse is ensured to be 60% in the fourth stretching period, the air humidity in the greenhouse is ensured to be 30% in the fourth flower forming period, and the air humidity in the greenhouse is ensured to be 25% in the fourth fruiting period.

In the fourth step, the nutrition ratio adopts the proportion of medium nitrogen, low phosphorus and high potassium to adjust the EC value, and the proportion occupied by 3 elements is strictly controlled and is kept in the proportion range of 30:15:55 respectively.

(1) The fifth true leaves appear until the first firm flowers are opened in the vine stretching period, all buds at the inner sides of 1-12 sections of the main vines are wiped off simultaneously according to weather conditions, water is supplemented at 10-11 points in the day by utilizing a drip irrigation technology according to matrix fertility, additional fertilization is carried out simultaneously, nutrient solution EC is between 1.5 and 2.1, and the buds are wiped off before leaves are unfolded, so that on one hand, the wound is prevented from being oversized, healing is slow and the plants are prevented from being infected by germs, and on the other hand, excessive pruning cannot occur and the growth and development of the plants are not affected. The pruning is carried out on sunny days, and after the pruning is finished, medicine is sprayed in time to prevent diseases, pruning treatment is guaranteed in the vine stretching period of the second melon seedling, so that three growing branches are guaranteed for one melon seedling, two branches are taken as fruiting branches, and one branch is taken as nutrient to provide branches;

according to Miao Zhu conditions during the vine stretching period, adjusting the distance between the mounting base 2 and the culture vessel 3 on the support plate 1, if the distance adjustment is increased, moving the redundant culture vessel 3 into a vacant greenhouse for growth, if the distance adjustment is decreased, adjusting Miao Zhu in the vacant greenhouse and the culture vessel 3 onto the support plate 1, and if withering or growth slowing of a certain melon seedling occurs in the growth process, selecting Miao Zhu from the vacant greenhouse for replacement;

(2) In the flowering period, the son vines occurring on the 13 th to 18 th knots on the main vines are used as fruiting vines, 2 leaves are left for picking cores before female flowers are opened, other son vines are all removed, and if the fruiting vines have the phenomenon of yellowing of young female buds, the fruiting vines should be recovered as early as possible; simultaneously, three female flowers are taken as a group, three groups of female flowers are reserved on one branch, each female flower is separated by 1-2 leaves, each group is separated by 5-7 leaves, pollination is carried out between 9 and 10 points on the same day by dipping melon embryo with forchlorfenuron, water supplementing is carried out between 10 and 11 points on the same day by drip irrigation technology, and topdressing is carried out, wherein the nutrient solution EC is between 2.0 and 2.5;

(3) In the fruiting period, when the lowest female flower group starts to enter the fruiting period, the drip irrigation technology is utilized to supplement water at 10-11 points on the same day and simultaneously carry out additional fertilization, the nutrient solution EC is between 2.3 and 2.7, the old leaves at the base of the main vine are cut off by 3 to 5 leaves, the day-and-night temperature difference is ensured to be between 13 ℃ and 18 ℃, the early maturing variety is 20-40 days after pollination of the flowers, and the late maturing variety can pick the melon according to the flowering sequence of each group after 70-80 days after flowering and pollination;

fifth, the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented,

(1) The whole period ensures that the pH value of the substrate is as high as 6-7, and the activity of fusarium wilt bacteria is reduced;

(2) After the seedlings are slowly grown by 7-10 times, the clopyralid is sprayed on the melon seedlings, and the irrigation time and the irrigation are reduced before 5-10 leaves.

In the process of developing melon cultivation operation, powdery mildew, anthracnose and gummy stem blight all belong to serious disease problems and can prevent healthy growth of melons, and aphids and white flies belong to main insect pests which interfere with the growth of the melons. When the powdery mildew and insect pests are prevented and treated, 25% of triadimefon wettable powder can be used for spraying in a spray form of 2000 times of liquid, so that the powdery mildew and insect pests can be effectively prevented and treated. When treating anthracnose, 70% of substances such as thiophanate methyl can be used for controlling the anthracnose to 500-700 times of liquid, and the prevention and control operation also needs to be carried out in a spray form. When the problems of diseases such as white fly and the like are prevented, 25% of the 100-time liquid of the prometryn wettable powder can be used, and the prometryn wettable powder can be sprayed on the surface and the back of the blade. When the disease problems of melon aphids and the like are treated, substances such as the aphinine emulsifiable concentrate and the like can be used for controlling by taking 50% and 150 times of liquid as main substances, so that excellent pest control effect can be obtained. Meanwhile, the whole period ensures that the pH value of the matrix is as high as 6-7, the activity of fusarium wilt is reduced, after 7-10 seedlings are revived, the clopyralid is sprayed on the seedlings, and before 5-10 leaves, the irrigation time and irrigation are reduced, the supply of water is reduced before the seedlings are lignified, the seedlings are prevented from being broken, and the invasion of fusarium wilt is reduced.

Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that: the culture vessel 3 is greenhouse soil;

comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that: proportioning matrixes on the surface of the greenhouse at a ratio of 40cm, and fixing planting intervals at 40cm;

comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that: the planting distance of the common soil on the surface of the greenhouse is fixed to be 40cm. The observation control was performed over one growth cycle of melon, and the data of each experimental group are shown in table 2:

through experiments, the survival rate of melon planting can be effectively improved by adopting the method, and the insect pest prevention capability is enhanced.

Compared with the traditional planting means, the method effectively improves the acre yield, and effectively advances the marketing time of the first crop by ensuring the early-stage planting temperature, so that the first crop of melons can obtain higher income.

Claims (3)

1. A melon high-yield planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

firstly, proportioning a matrix, garden soil and an organic matrix, wherein the organic matrix comprises 2 parts of wormcast and 3 parts of rice hulls, 1 part of garden soil is used for proportioning 2-3 parts of the organic matrix, urea and a compound fertilizer are added for promoting decomposition fermentation, and the pH value of the matrix is adjusted to be between 6.0 and 6.8 by lime and aluminum sulfate;

second, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:

(1) Selecting seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water and cleaning the seeds;

soaking the selected seeds in warm water at 25-35 ℃ for 7-9 hours, and then fishing out the seeds to clean the mucous membrane on the surfaces of the seeds;

(2) After the cleaning is finished, soaking the raw materials in a sodium phosphate solution, and cleaning the raw materials again;

after the cleaning is finished, soaking the seeds by using 8% sodium phosphate solution, controlling the soaking time within a range of 15-20 minutes, and cleaning the seeds by using clean water for 2-3 times;

(3) After the cleaning, wrapping the seeds in clean wet cloth, and sowing the seeds after the seeds bud;

after the cleaning is finished, draining water, wrapping the seeds in clean wet cloth, placing the wet cloth in an environment condition of 29-31 ℃, turning the seeds every 2-3 hours, and sowing the seeds when 80% of the seeds have buds with lengths of 0.8-1 mm;

thirdly, planting, wherein the steps are as follows:

(1) Sterilizing the nutrition pot and reserving a planting pit;

spraying broad-spectrum bactericide on the bottom surface of the nutrition pot, filling the nutrition pot with the matrix with the mixture ratio, pouring the matrix thoroughly, and reserving planting pits with the depth of 3-5 cm;

(2) Placing the seeds with the sprouting promotion downwards in a planting pit;

placing the seeds with the sprouting promotion downwards in a planting pit, covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 2-4 cm and covering a mulching film;

(3) Emergence of seedlings, and withdrawal of the mulching film;

the seedling emergence and the film withdrawal are carried out, the temperature is required to be controlled to be 24-26 ℃ after the seedling emergence, the night temperature cannot be lower than 15 ℃, the day temperature is required to be kept at about 22 ℃ in the daytime for 5-8 days before the transplanting, the night temperature is required to be controlled to be about 13 ℃, the excessive growth phenomenon is avoided, watering is not required before the sowing, and the drought phenomenon of the seedling bed can be properly supplemented;

(4) When seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart, performing field planting;

(5) Placing the substrate in a culture vessel for decomposition and planting in the morning of a sunny day;

the planting greenhouse needs to be fastened 10-15 days before planting, the temperature in the greenhouse is increased in advance, the substrate in the first step is loaded in a culture vessel and placed in the greenhouse for decomposition 20-30 days in advance, the row spacing of the culture vessel is between 70 cm and 80 cm, the column spacing of the culture vessel is between 40cm and 60 cm, and planting is performed in the morning of sunny days;

fourthly, management is carried out, and strong light irradiation is guaranteed;

ensuring that strong light is irradiated for 10-12 hours, keeping the temperature of a greenhouse between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, ensuring that the light saturation point of the light is between 55000 and 60000 lux, compensating for 4000 lux, and regulating EC values by adopting the proportion of medium nitrogen, low phosphorus and high potassium in nutrition ratio, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) In the vine stretching period, the fifth true leaves appear until the first firm flowers are opened, lateral buds are smeared, and topdressing is carried out;

ensuring that the air humidity in the greenhouse is 60%, enabling the fifth true leaves to appear until the first firm flowers are opened, simultaneously, completely plastering off the inner buds of 1-12 sections of main vines according to weather conditions, and carrying out additional fertilization while supplementing water at 10-11 points on the same day by utilizing a drip irrigation technology according to the fertility of a matrix, wherein the nutrient solution EC is between 1.5 and 2.1;

ensuring pruning treatment, so that one melon seedling ensures three growing branches, wherein two branches are used as fruiting branches, and one branch is used as nutrient for providing branches;

(2) Setting period, adjusting fruiting vines, pollinating and topdressing;

ensuring that the air humidity in the greenhouse is 30%, taking the vines on the 13 th to 18 th knots on the main vines as fruiting vines, leaving 2 leaves for picking cores before female flowers are opened, completely removing other vines, and if the fruiting vines have the yellowing phenomenon of young female buds, supplementing the fruiting vines as early as possible;

simultaneously, three female flowers are taken as a group, three groups of female flowers are reserved on one branch, each female flower is separated by 1-2 leaves, each group is separated by 5-7 leaves, pollination is carried out between 9 and 10 points on the same day by dipping melon embryo with forchlorfenuron, water supplementing is carried out between 10 and 11 points on the same day by drip irrigation technology, and topdressing is carried out, wherein the nutrient solution EC is between 2.0 and 2.5;

(3) In the fruiting period, topdressing and melon picking;

ensuring that the air humidity in the greenhouse is 25%, when the lowest group of female flowers starts to enter a fruit setting period, adding water at 10-11 points on the same day by utilizing a drip irrigation technology, adding additional fertilizer, cutting 3-5 leaves of the main vine base old leaves when the nutrient solution EC is between 2.3-2.7, ensuring that the day-night temperature difference is between 13-18 ℃, and according to the fruiting period, the early-maturing varieties are 20-40 days after pollination of the flowers, and the late-maturing varieties are 70-80 days after pollination of the flowers, so that melon picking can be carried out according to the flowering sequence of each group;

fifth, the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented,

(1) The pH value of the matrix is ensured to be stable in the whole period;

the whole period ensures that the pH value of the substrate is as high as 6-7, and the activity of fusarium wilt bacteria is reduced;

(2) After the fixed value, spraying the fluopicolide, and before 5 th to 10 th leaves, reducing the irrigation time;

spraying fluopicolide on melon seedlings after 7-10 days of constant value seedling reviving, and reducing irrigation time before 5-10 th leaves;

still include the culture apparatus of planting method, culture apparatus is including the regulation subassembly that is used for installing cultivation household utensils, and regulation subassembly includes the backup pad, and the slip is equipped with a plurality of installation bases that are used for installing cultivation household utensils in the backup pad, backup pad one side equipartition is equipped with a plurality of distance adjustment holes, all opens on the installation base has the locating hole that corresponds with the adjustment hole, has inserted the locating pin in the locating hole, and backup pad bilateral symmetry is equipped with adjustable high traction plate, and the traction plate slides towards backup pad one side and is equipped with a plurality of traction rings, all fixedly connected with the traction head in the cultivation household utensils, is equipped with melon climbing rope between traction head and the traction ring.

2. The method of high yield melon planting according to claim 1 wherein the depth is set to expose cotyledons.

3. The culture device for the melon high-yield planting method according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the culture vessel is provided with a drain hole, the drain hole is provided with a leakage-proof piston, and the culture vessel is provided with a heating plate.

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