CN107493929A - A kind of close pumpkin double film cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of close pumpkin double film cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107493929A CN107493929A CN201710891422.6A CN201710891422A CN107493929A CN 107493929 A CN107493929 A CN 107493929A CN 201710891422 A CN201710891422 A CN 201710891422A CN 107493929 A CN107493929 A CN 107493929A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of close pumpkin double film cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：(1) seeding and seedling raising and nurturing staff；(2) seed treatment and vernalization；(3) sowing and seedling management；(4) seedling hardening and rationally field planting；(5) field management and timely collecting；The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be：The present invention the suitable growth bad border of reasonable arrangement, gives appropriate nutritional condition, close pumpkin has reached benign growths speed, and yield is greatly improved according to the habit feature of close pumpkin each growth cycle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pumpkin technical field of cultivation, more particularly to a kind of close pumpkin double film cultivation method.
Background technology
Close pumpkin is Early-mid ripening kind, well developed root system, and fertilizer sucting ability is strong.Vines are given birth to, plant grape growth, branchiness
By force, the pure angle palmate shape of blade, green are incised shallow, and vein bifurcation has obvious hickie, and by bristle, cissoid is thick, and fine hair is close and thick
Firmly, stem is thicker.Flower unisexuality, synoecy, yellow, female flower calyx tube is short, and sepal is often in lobate.It is more under male flower calyx tube tightly to hang,
The more turnups of corolla are in mitriform, the rib of bennet 5, and into flat loudspeaker at the nearly fruit of muskmelon pedicel, the first female flower raw 14-16 sections, and fruit is rod capitate,
36cm is about, transverse diameter 14.5cm, melon ultimate swelling, seed is few and concentrates on melon top.Pericarp is orange-yellow when ripe, has again
Shallow spot, meat is thick, and meat is orange red, and pulp is carefully without fiber, and sweet, moisture is few, in good taste, good quality, and yield is high, storage endurance,
Strong stress resistance, wide adaptability.120 days or so the time of infertility.Single melon weighs 3.5 kilograms, more than 2000 kilograms of per mu yield.
Close pumpkin, which grows, to be divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, takes out climing phase and the phase of yielding positive results Four processes.1st, germinate
Phase：Seed sprouting flattens to cotyledon.Rough leaf appears about 10 days, and germinate 25-28 DEG C of thermophilic.2nd, Seedling Stage：From first
True leaf is exposed to the 5th true leaf expansion, lasts about 30 days, master root growth is rapid, can increase 4-5 centimetres daily, true leaf is successively
Expansion, stipes start to extend.3rd, the climing phase is taken out：5th true leaf is deployed into the opening of the first female flower, is 10-15 days, the growth speed of stem
Degree is accelerated, and opening is peak of growing season to male flower successively.4th, fruiting period：First female flower opens into fruit maturation, and cauline leaf is grown with blooming.
As a result carry out simultaneously, be 60-70 days, 8-10 DEG C of pollen germination temperature, thermophilic is 10-13 DEG C, and root system growth rate is gradual around here
Reduce, the various institutional frameworks of fruit are differentiated to form, and assimilation products conveys to fruit, 25-28 DEG C of fruit growth thermophilic, the growth of melon
Speed is fast, and leaf area is big, and Transpiration Intensity is high.Under close pumpkin long-day, male flower is more, and then female flower is more under short-day, drought-enduring,
It is resistance to lean, but also to regard damage caused by a drought and water.Cultivated on rich soil, to prevent excessive growth.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of close pumpkin double film cultivation method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：A kind of close pumpkin double film cultivation method, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
(1) seeding and seedling raising and nurturing staff：Close pumpkin general sowing time, which is divided into spring and autumn, can all cultivate, but to sow in spring
Based on；It is late July to mid-August to sow in spring as the first tenday period of a month in mid-January to February, autumn sowing；Type of seeding, sow in spring after nursery
Field planting, autumn sowing can be with live；Close pumpkin sow in spring using double film protecting field nursery；It is that a seedling prepares first, pours water, seedling overnight
Bed soil moisture is pinched to hold together with hand, is not easy to scatter, bed soil is turned in straight and even good seedbed, with a small amount of calcium superphosphate with decomposed is had
Making Nutrition Soil is turned in machine fertilizer mixing, then is sprinkling upon with a small amount of plant ash above seedbed；Make Nutrition Soil and want fertile rich in organic
Matter, soil is loose, there is good physical behavior, and aeration is good, and moisture holding capacity is strong, can just be advantageous to the growth of close pumpkin seedling
Development；
(2) seed treatment and vernalization：Including soaking seed and sterilizing and vernalization and nursery；
Seed soaking and sterilization：For stratification and kill germ and the disease of seed institute band, need to carry out seed sterilization and
Seed soaking；
Vernalization and nursery：The close Pumpkin Seed with seed soaking will be sterilized, with constant temperature vernalization, body temperature vernalization, lamp
The methods of bubble heating vernalization, carries out vernalization, seed is germinateed under the conditions of appropriate temperature and humidity, then broadcast with the seed of budding
Kind；
(3) sowing and seedling management：Including sowing requirement and seedling management；
Sowing requires：The direct program request of nutritive cube, per one, alms bowl, the seed of germination being educated among nutritive cube, bud-end is downward,
Amount of water is after planting poured, is covered with one centimeter of fine earth, then land used membrane cover is good, plugs ring canopy bamboo, cover ring canopy film buckle film is firm,
Moisture-heat preservation；
Seedling management：Including temperature treatment, moisture management, illumination management；
1) temperature treatment：Management objectives after coming up are to promote the rapid hair of the diameter increment of seedling hypocotyl and radicle
Exhibition；Now, day temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C, and night is kept for 10-15 DEG C, forms the big temperature difference, promotes the healthy and strong growth of seedling.It is close
The easy excessive growth of this pumpkin, suitable control moisture is wanted after germination, air themperature should also control supports partially, and daytime allows seedling fully to connect
By sunlight, nocturnal temperature is gradually lowered to 10-15 DEG C, prevents seedling excessive growth；Promote Female flower differentiation, after cotyledon flattening, in management
Will be to promote true leaf growth and nurturing staff as target；
2) water management：Vola water is poured before nursery, to meet the requirement of emergence and Early seedling stage growth to moisture, nursery stage
Between watering as few as possible, do not water even；The nursery middle and later periods with temperature rise, moisture additional issue amount increase, may be selected temperature compared with
High fine day, the morning spray amount of water with watering can；
3) illumination management：Seeding stage should make seedbed receive sunlight as far as possible more, and covering early takes off late lid with improving seedbed
Temperature, seedling stage illumination is sufficient, is advantageous to nurturing staff, is good for seedling, it is neat to reach seedling；
(4) seedling hardening and rationally field planting：In order to ensure living fast after field planting, survival rate is improved, early stage, low-temperature-resistant, fixed
Hardening is carried out before plant；Because the cultivated condition of ring has larger difference with seedling raising environment condition after field planting, after improving Seeding planting
To the adaptability of environment, be advantageous to the slow seedling after field planting and growth, seedling hardening should be made before field planting；A 10-15 days left sides before field planting
The right side, start to be gradually increased the amount of leaking informaton, day temperature can be controlled in 22-28 DEG C, finally makes the conditions such as nursery bed temperature, humidity and field planting
When environmental condition it is completely the same；Hardening will be carried out gradually, and gradually cooling, prevents seedling from enduring cold；Close pumpkin will be 15 DEG C in ground temperature
More than, just suitable field planting, therefore typically all cultivated using covering with ground sheeting with reference to small ring canopy；Calm fine day is selected to carry out during field planting, to the greatest extent
Amount not hinder root, promote after field planting early living；Undue early sowing and early field planting, can influence normal growth on the contrary；To be deep ploughed before field planting
Plough, use sufficient base manure, this is one of key problem in technology of close pumpkin high yield and high quality；General every mu is applied the public affairs of decomposed manure 1000
Jin, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizer；Site preparation bedding again, it is wide 2.7 meters to be made furrow, 35 centimetres of furrow width, high ridge, favourable irrigation and drainage, with 1 meter of wide ground
Film covers, rational close planting；General field planting mid-April is per furrow kind a line, Plant colonization, 80 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu plants 300-350
Strain, pour in field planting and take root water, then plug small ring canopy, cover film insulation, keep 22-28 DEG C of temperature of shed daytime, field planting
It is climing to be grown to both sides among furrow face, in the case of no hot weather, film need not be taken off in a week and is blown in；After surviving, daytime two
Ventilation, insulation is covered at night, promote growth, prevent burn seedlings；The first tenday period of a month in May start to take off film, carry out field management, chase after in time
Fertilizer；
(5) field management and timely collecting：Close pumpkin growth period length, cauline leaf increment is big, well established and vigorously developing, particularly opens
After flower result, tiller is fast, therefore climing frequent top dressing is prolonged in growth, could meet the needs of plant cauline leaf and flowers and fruits robust growth, to take
The fruit of high yield and high quality is obtained, top dressing is preceding light rear heavy, accomplishes that early stage, tiller did not overgrowed, mid-term is steady to live, later stage not early ageing, top dressing
Based on phosphorus potash fertilizer or foliar fertilizer, fertilizer should not be excessive, and otherwise easy excessive growth, influences yield and quality；See that growing way is applied fertilizer, Ying Gen
Suitably added and subtracted according to the fertility in soil, unsuitable Nitrogen Top Dressing, put nitrogenous fertilizer more, will also result in excessive growth and influence quality；It is appropriate to apply corruption
Ripe organic fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer, the hypertrophy for promoting fruit and the normal growth for being kept for the later stage are particularly important；Close pumpkin is double climing whole
5 leaf pinching of branch, a climing melon, general first female flower are born in 14-16 sections；3 leaf pinching are stayed after knot melon, concentrate nutrient with profit
Swollen melon, to be kept down the vines of a creeping plant during the climing long 60cm of melon, be kept down the vines of a creeping plant later per 50cm once to prevent turned seedling damaged blade of blowing, also beneficial to indefinite
The auxiliary rib of development of root keeps the skin wet and nutrient；Harvesting will be according to index of maturation (such as pericarp, color, carpopodium, fruit powder and the property of melon
Shape), harvested in time after ripe, this can not only improve knot melon rate, and melon is fresh, matter is good；Close pumpkin variety system hybridization one
In generation, can not reserve seed for planting cultivation again.
One of preferred embodiment as the present invention, in the step (1)：Nutrition Soil configuration high-quality is had using fully decomposed
Machine fertilizer accounts for 30% or so (accounting for 2-3% containing calcium superphosphate), and matsuda soil accounts for 70% or so, fully mixes and stirs and mixes even, pours water, use nutrition
Alms bowl machine punches nutritive cube, is neatly emitted in the seedbed being ready for.
One of preferred embodiment as the present invention, in step (2) seed soaking and sterilization：Close Pumpkin Seed is in 50-55
Scalding 10 minutes or so in DEG C warm water, certain high temperature are advantageous to kill germ, can promote neutron absorption again, and swollen account is early germinateed；
Seed is stirred continuously during hot water treatment to be allowed to be heated evenly, and soaked seed 7-12 hours, soaked seed again at normal temperatures after natural cooling
It afterwards or may also be combined with other processing during seed soaking to carry out disinfection, the side such as seed 30-60 minutes can be soaked with 0.1% potassium permanganate
Method carries out disinfection.
One of preferred embodiment as the present invention, in step (2) vernalization and nursery：Typically under 30 DEG C of constant temperatures
It vernalization, can emerge two days later, when radicle stretches out kind skin 2-3 millimeters, select fine day to sow；Vernalization preference temperature is maintained at daytime
25-30 DEG C, night is 18-20 DEG C, and the time is to be advisable with 2-3 days；Seedlings strong sprout is educated, this is that the important technology for obtaining high yield is arranged
Apply.
One of preferred embodiment as the present invention, during step (3) sowing requires：In the case of normal climate, keep
25 DEG C of day temperature, at 10-15 DEG C of night, emerge within 7-10 days, 15 days or so Qi Miao, treat seedling age at 30-35 days, true leaf there are 4-5 pieces
When can be colonized.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be：The present invention is special according to the habit of close pumpkin each growth cycle
Appropriate nutritional condition is given in point, the suitable growth bad border of reasonable arrangement, and close pumpkin has reached benign growths speed, yield
It is greatly improved.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are elaborated below, the present embodiment is carried out lower premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
A kind of close pumpkin double film cultivation method, comprises the following steps：
(1) seeding and seedling raising and nurturing staff：Close pumpkin general sowing time, which is divided into spring and autumn, can all cultivate, but to sow in spring
Based on；It is late July to mid-August to sow in spring as the first tenday period of a month in mid-January to February, autumn sowing；Type of seeding, sow in spring after nursery
Field planting, autumn sowing can be with live；Close pumpkin sow in spring using double film protecting field nursery；It is that a seedling prepares first, pours water, seedling overnight
Bed soil moisture is pinched to hold together with hand, is not easy to scatter, bed soil is turned in straight and even good seedbed, with a small amount of calcium superphosphate with decomposed is had
Making Nutrition Soil is turned in machine fertilizer mixing, then is sprinkling upon with a small amount of plant ash above seedbed；Make Nutrition Soil and want fertile rich in organic
Matter, soil is loose, there is good physical behavior, and aeration is good, and moisture holding capacity is strong, can just be advantageous to the growth of close pumpkin seedling
Development；Nutrition Soil configuration accounts for 30% or so (accounting for 2-3% containing calcium superphosphate) using fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer, and matsuda soil accounts for
70% or so, fully mix and stir and mix even, pour water, punch nutritive cube with soil-block forming machine, be neatly emitted in the seedbed being ready for；
(2) seed treatment and vernalization：Including soaking seed and sterilizing and vernalization and nursery；
Seed soaking and sterilization：For stratification and kill germ and the disease of seed institute band, need to carry out seed sterilization and
Seed soaking；Close Pumpkin Seed scalding 10 minutes or so in 50-55 DEG C of warm water, certain high temperature are advantageous to kill germ,
Neutron absorption can be promoted again, swollen account is early germinateed；Seed is stirred continuously during hot water treatment to be allowed to be heated evenly, after natural cooling
Soaked seed again under normal temperature 7-12 hours, may also be combined with other processing after seed soaking or during seed soaking and carry out disinfection, can be with 0.1% high
Potassium manganate carries out disinfection the methods of immersion seed 30-60 minutes；
Vernalization and nursery：The close Pumpkin Seed with seed soaking will be sterilized, with constant temperature vernalization, body temperature vernalization, lamp
The methods of bubble heating vernalization, carries out vernalization, seed is germinateed under the conditions of appropriate temperature and humidity, then broadcast with the seed of budding
Kind；It the typically vernalization under 30 DEG C of constant temperatures, can emerge two days later, when radicle stretches out kind skin 2-3 millimeters, select fine day to broadcast
Kind；Vernalization preference temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C daytime, and night is 18-20 DEG C, and the time is to be advisable with 2-3 days；Educate big robust seedling
Seedling, this is the important technique measure for obtaining high yield；
(3) sowing and seedling management：Including sowing requirement and seedling management；
Sowing requires：The direct program request of nutritive cube, per one, alms bowl, the seed of germination being educated among nutritive cube, bud-end is downward,
Amount of water is after planting poured, is covered with one centimeter of fine earth, then land used membrane cover is good, plugs ring canopy bamboo, cover ring canopy film buckle film is firm,
Moisture-heat preservation；In the case of normal climate, 25 DEG C of day temperature is kept, at 10-15 DEG C of night, is emerged within 7-10 days, 15 days or so neat
Seedling, seedling age is treated at 30-35 days, true leaf has and can be colonized during 4-5 pieces；
Seedling management：Including temperature treatment, moisture management, illumination management；
1) temperature treatment：Management objectives after coming up are to promote the rapid hair of the diameter increment of seedling hypocotyl and radicle
Exhibition；Now, day temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C, and night is kept for 10-15 DEG C, forms the big temperature difference, promotes the healthy and strong growth of seedling.It is close
The easy excessive growth of this pumpkin, suitable control moisture is wanted after germination, air themperature should also control supports partially, and daytime allows seedling fully to connect
By sunlight, nocturnal temperature is gradually lowered to 10-15 DEG C, prevents seedling excessive growth；Promote Female flower differentiation, after cotyledon flattening, in management
Will be to promote true leaf growth and nurturing staff as target；
2) water management：Vola water is poured before nursery, to meet the requirement of emergence and Early seedling stage growth to moisture, nursery stage
Between watering as few as possible, do not water even；The nursery middle and later periods with temperature rise, moisture additional issue amount increase, may be selected temperature compared with
High fine day, the morning spray amount of water with watering can；
3) illumination management：Seeding stage should make seedbed receive sunlight as far as possible more, and covering early takes off late lid with improving seedbed
Temperature, seedling stage illumination is sufficient, is advantageous to nurturing staff, is good for seedling, it is neat to reach seedling；
(4) seedling hardening and rationally field planting：In order to ensure living fast after field planting, survival rate is improved, early stage, low-temperature-resistant, fixed
Hardening is carried out before plant；Because the cultivated condition of ring has larger difference with seedling raising environment condition after field planting, after improving Seeding planting
To the adaptability of environment, be advantageous to the slow seedling after field planting and growth, seedling hardening should be made before field planting；A 10-15 days left sides before field planting
The right side, start to be gradually increased the amount of leaking informaton, day temperature can be controlled in 22-28 DEG C, finally makes the conditions such as nursery bed temperature, humidity and field planting
When environmental condition it is completely the same；Hardening will be carried out gradually, and gradually cooling, prevents seedling from enduring cold；Close pumpkin will be 15 DEG C in ground temperature
More than, just suitable field planting, therefore typically all cultivated using covering with ground sheeting with reference to small ring canopy；Calm fine day is selected to carry out during field planting, to the greatest extent
Amount not hinder root, promote after field planting early living；Undue early sowing and early field planting, can influence normal growth on the contrary；To be deep ploughed before field planting
Plough, use sufficient base manure, this is one of key problem in technology of close pumpkin high yield and high quality；General every mu is applied the public affairs of decomposed manure 1000
Jin, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizer；Site preparation bedding again, it is wide 2.7 meters to be made furrow, 35 centimetres of furrow width, high ridge, favourable irrigation and drainage, with 1 meter of wide ground
Film covers, rational close planting；General field planting mid-April is per furrow kind a line, Plant colonization, 80 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu plants 300-350
Strain, pour in field planting and take root water, then plug small ring canopy, cover film insulation, keep 22-28 DEG C of temperature of shed daytime, field planting
It is climing to be grown to both sides among furrow face, in the case of no hot weather, film need not be taken off in a week and is blown in；After surviving, daytime two
Ventilation, insulation is covered at night, promote growth, prevent burn seedlings；The first tenday period of a month in May start to take off film, carry out field management, chase after in time
Fertilizer；
(5) field management and timely collecting：Close pumpkin growth period length, cauline leaf increment is big, well established and vigorously developing, particularly opens
After flower result, tiller is fast, therefore climing frequent top dressing is prolonged in growth, could meet the needs of plant cauline leaf and flowers and fruits robust growth, to take
The fruit of high yield and high quality is obtained, top dressing is preceding light rear heavy, accomplishes that early stage, tiller did not overgrowed, mid-term is steady to live, later stage not early ageing, top dressing
Based on phosphorus potash fertilizer or foliar fertilizer, fertilizer should not be excessive, and otherwise easy excessive growth, influences yield and quality；See that growing way is applied fertilizer, Ying Gen
Suitably added and subtracted according to the fertility in soil, unsuitable Nitrogen Top Dressing, put nitrogenous fertilizer more, will also result in excessive growth and influence quality；It is appropriate to apply corruption
Ripe organic fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer, the hypertrophy for promoting fruit and the normal growth for being kept for the later stage are particularly important；Close pumpkin is double climing whole
5 leaf pinching of branch, a climing melon, general first female flower are born in 14-16 sections；3 leaf pinching are stayed after knot melon, concentrate nutrient with profit
Swollen melon, to be kept down the vines of a creeping plant during the climing long 60cm of melon, be kept down the vines of a creeping plant later per 50cm once to prevent turned seedling damaged blade of blowing, also beneficial to indefinite
The auxiliary rib of development of root keeps the skin wet and nutrient；Harvesting will be according to index of maturation (such as pericarp, color, carpopodium, fruit powder and the property of melon
Shape), harvested in time after ripe, this can not only improve knot melon rate, and melon is fresh, matter is good；Close pumpkin variety system hybridization one
In generation, can not reserve seed for planting cultivation again.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be：The present invention is special according to the habit of close pumpkin each growth cycle
Appropriate nutritional condition is given in point, the suitable growth bad border of reasonable arrangement, and close pumpkin has reached benign growths speed, yield
It is greatly improved.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. close pumpkin double film cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：(1) seeding and seedling raising and nurturing staff：Close pumpkin general sowing time, which is divided into spring and autumn, can all cultivate, but be to sow in spring It is main；It is late July to mid-August to sow in spring as the first tenday period of a month in mid-January to February, autumn sowing；Type of seeding, it is fixed after nursery to sow in spring Plant, autumn sowing can be with live；Close pumpkin sow in spring using double film protecting field nursery；It is that a seedling prepares first, pours water, seedbed overnight Soil moisture is pinched to hold together with hand, is not easy to scatter, and straight and even good seedbed, turns over bed soil, with a small amount of calcium superphosphate with it is decomposed organic Making Nutrition Soil is turned in fertilizer mixing, then is sprinkling upon with a small amount of plant ash above seedbed；Making Nutrition Soil wants fertile and is rich in organic matter, Soil is loose, there is good physical behavior, and aeration is good, and moisture holding capacity is strong, can just be advantageous to the growth hair of close pumpkin seedling Educate；(2) seed treatment and vernalization：Including soaking seed and sterilizing and vernalization and nursery；Seed soaking and sterilization：For the germ and disease of stratification and kill seed institute band, the sterilization and seed soaking of seed need to be carried out Processing；Vernalization and nursery：The close Pumpkin Seed with seed soaking will be sterilized, added with constant temperature vernalization, body temperature vernalization, bulb The methods of hot vernalization, carries out vernalization, seed is germinateed under the conditions of appropriate temperature and humidity, then is sowed with the seed of budding；(3) sowing and seedling management：Including sowing requirement and seedling management；Sowing requires：The direct program request of nutritive cube, per one, alms bowl, the seed of germination is educated among nutritive cube, bud-end is downward, sowing After pour amount of water, be covered with one centimeter of fine earth, then land used membrane cover is good, plugs ring canopy bamboo, cover ring canopy film buckle film is firm, moisturizing Insulation；Seedling management：Including temperature treatment, moisture management, illumination management；1) temperature treatment：Management objectives after coming up are to promote developing rapidly for the diameter increment of seedling hypocotyl and radicle； Now, day temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C, and night is kept for 10-15 DEG C, forms the big temperature difference, promotes the healthy and strong growth of seedling.Mi Bennan The easy excessive growth of melon, suitable control moisture is wanted after germination, air themperature should also control supports partially, and daytime allows seedling fully to receive sun Light, nocturnal temperature are gradually lowered to 10-15 DEG C, prevent seedling excessive growth；Promote Female flower differentiation, will be with after cotyledon flattening, in management It is target to promote true leaf growth and nurturing staff；2) water management：Vola water is poured before nursery, to meet the requirement of emergence and Early seedling stage growth to moisture, during nursery to the greatest extent It may less water, not water even；With the rise of temperature, the increasing of moisture additional issue amount, it is higher that temperature may be selected in the nursery middle and later periods Fine day, the morning spray amount of water with watering can；3) illumination management：Seeding stage should make seedbed receive sunlight as far as possible more, and covering early takes off late lid to improve seedbed ground temperature, seedling Phase illumination is sufficient, is advantageous to nurturing staff, is good for seedling, it is neat to reach seedling；(4) seedling hardening and rationally field planting：In order to ensure living is fast after field planting, improve a survival rate, early stage low-temperature-resistant, before field planting Carry out hardening；Because ring ploughs condition and seedling raising environment condition and has larger difference after field planting, in order to improve after Seeding planting to ring The adaptability in border, be advantageous to the slow seedling after field planting and growth, seedling hardening should be made before field planting；10-15 days or so before field planting, open Beginning is gradually increased the amount of leaking informaton, and day temperature can be controlled in 22-28 DEG C, finally makes the conditions such as nursery bed temperature, humidity and ring during field planting Border condition is completely the same；Hardening will be carried out gradually, and gradually cooling, prevents seedling from enduring cold；Close pumpkin will be more than 15 DEG C in ground temperature, Just suitable field planting, therefore typically all cultivated using covering with ground sheeting with reference to small ring canopy；Select calm fine day to carry out during field planting, try not Hinder root, promote after field planting early living；Undue early sowing and early field planting, can influence normal growth on the contrary；To deep plough and plough before field planting, apply Sufficient base manure, this is one of key problem in technology of close pumpkin high yield and high quality；General every mu is applied 1000 kilograms of decomposed manure, composite fertilizer 50 kilograms；Site preparation bedding again, is made that furrow are wide 2.7 meters, and 35 centimetres of furrow width, high ridge, favourable irrigation and drainage are good with 1 meter of wide covering with ground sheeting, Rational close planting；General field planting mid-April is per furrow kind a line, Plant colonization, 80 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and mu plants 300-350 strains, in field planting Pour and take root water, then plug small ring canopy, cover film insulation, kept for 22-28 DEG C of temperature of shed daytime, be colonized among furrow face, It is climing to be grown to both sides, in the case of no hot weather, film need not be taken off in a week and is blown in；After surviving, two ventilation on daytime, evening On cover insulation, promote growth, prevent burn seedlings；The first tenday period of a month in May start to take off film, carry out field management, timely top dressing；(5) field management and timely collecting：Close pumpkin growth period length, cauline leaf increment is big, well established and vigorously developing, knot of particularly blooming After fruit, tiller is fast, therefore climing frequent top dressing is prolonged in growth, could meet the needs of plant cauline leaf and flowers and fruits robust growth, to obtain height High-quality fruit is produced, top dressing is preceding light rear heavy, accomplishes that early stage, tiller did not overgrowed, mid-term is steady to live, and later stage not early ageing, top dressing is with phosphorus Based on potash fertilizer or foliar fertilizer, fertilizer should not be excessive, and otherwise easy excessive growth, influences yield and quality；See that growing way is applied fertilizer, should be according to soil The fertility on ground is suitably added and subtracted, and unsuitable Nitrogen Top Dressing, puts nitrogenous fertilizer more, be will also result in excessive growth and is influenceed quality；Suitably applying decomposed has Machine fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer, the hypertrophy for promoting fruit and the normal growth for being kept for the later stage are particularly important；The double climing trainings 5 of close pumpkin Leaf pinching, a climing melon, general first female flower are born in 14-16 sections；3 leaf pinching are stayed after knot melon, concentrate nutrient with the swollen melon of profit, To be kept down the vines of a creeping plant during the climing long 60cm of melon, be kept down the vines of a creeping plant later per 50cm once to prevent turned seedling damaged blade of blowing, also beneficial to adventitious root Auxiliary rib is developed to keep the skin wet and nutrient；Harvesting will according to the index of maturation (such as pericarp, color, carpopodium, fruit powder and character) of melon, Harvested in time after maturation, this can not only improve knot melon rate, and melon is fresh, matter is good；Close pumpkin variety system first-filial generation, no Can be reserved seed for planting cultivation again.
- 2. close pumpkin double film cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (1)：Nutrition Soil Configuration accounts for 30% or so (accounting for 2-3% containing calcium superphosphate) using fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer, and matsuda soil accounts for 70% or so, fills Point mix and stir and to mix even, pour water, punch nutritive cube with soil-block forming machine, be neatly emitted in the seedbed being ready for.
- 3. close pumpkin double film cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (2) is soaked seed and disappeared In poison：Close Pumpkin Seed scalding 10 minutes or so in 50-55 DEG C of warm water, certain high temperature are advantageous to kill germ, again may be used Promote neutron absorption, swollen account is early germinateed；To be stirred continuously seed during hot water treatment to be allowed to be heated evenly, in normal temperature after natural cooling Under soak seed again 7-12 hours, may also be combined with other processing after seed soaking or during seed soaking and carry out disinfection, 0.1% permanganic acid can be used Potassium carries out disinfection the methods of immersion seed 30-60 minutes.
- 4. close pumpkin double film cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) vernalization and educate Miao Zhong：It the typically vernalization under 30 DEG C of constant temperatures, can emerge two days later, when radicle stretches out kind skin 2-3 millimeters, select fine day to broadcast Kind；Vernalization preference temperature is maintained at 25-30 DEG C daytime, and night is 18-20 DEG C, and the time is to be advisable with 2-3 days；Educate big robust seedling Seedling, this is the important technique measure for obtaining high yield.
- 5. close pumpkin double film cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) sowing requires In：In the case of normal climate, 25 DEG C of day temperature is kept, at 10-15 DEG C of night, emerges within 7-10 days, 15 days or so Qi Miao, treats seedling True leaf had and can be colonized during 4-5 pieces at 30-35 days age.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113016515A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-25 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Chestnut-flavor pumpkin planting method capable of improving yield |
| CN114391439A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-04-26 | 安徽江艺天汇农业科技有限责任公司 | Yield increasing method for planting Chinese chestnut pumpkin |
-
2017
- 2017-09-27 CN CN201710891422.6A patent/CN107493929A/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张学生等: ""麦套蜜本南瓜高产栽培技术"", 《农业科技通讯》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113016515A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-25 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Chestnut-flavor pumpkin planting method capable of improving yield |
| CN114391439A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-04-26 | 安徽江艺天汇农业科技有限责任公司 | Yield increasing method for planting Chinese chestnut pumpkin |
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Application publication date: 20171222 |