CN102648681A - Cultivation method for increasing yield of traditional Chinese medicine radix trichosanthis - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing yield of traditional Chinese medicine radix trichosanthis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102648681A CN102648681A CN2012101369955A CN201210136995A CN102648681A CN 102648681 A CN102648681 A CN 102648681A CN 2012101369955 A CN2012101369955 A CN 2012101369955A CN 201210136995 A CN201210136995 A CN 201210136995A CN 102648681 A CN102648681 A CN 102648681A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for increasing the yield of a traditional Chinese medicine radix trichosanthis. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: A, rotary tillage and irrigation: performing deep rotary tillage on sandy soil of a deep and fertile soil layer and irrigating with water after the deep rotary tillage is finished; B, fertilization: applying farmyard manure, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate to seedlings; C, ridging to form ridged field; D, seedling selection: breaking the fecund root of a trichosanthes kirilowii maxim staminiferous plant into segments of 3 to 5 cm, selecting the segments with white fresh fracture surfaces and discarding the segments which have decolored fracture surfaces and are difficult to survive; E, seedling planting: planting the seedlings in the ridged field according to the line spacing of 30 to 35 cm and the plant spacing of 25 to 30 cm; and F, harvesting: harvesting the radix trichosanthis after autumn. By the method, suitable ploughing manner and ploughing depth are selected and coordination of links of ploughing, fertilizing and planting is optimized, so that the yield of the traditional Chinese medicine radix trichosanthis is obviously increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant cultivation method, especially a kind of snakegourd cultivation method that can improve traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output.
Background technology
The root of Chinese trichosanthes brief introduction: snakegourd is Curcurbitaceae herbaceous perennial vine plant (trichosanih es Kaxim.), is used as medicine with fruit, seed, root; The root medicine is called root of Chinese trichosanthes, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst arranged, falls that fire is moisturized, the effect of apocenosis detumescence, is used to treat diseases such as cough with lung heat, Tianjin wound are thirsty, diabetes, sore furuncle.At present, the root of Chinese trichosanthes wild resource is close to not to be had, and main now dependence artificial cultivation satisfies the medication demand.Belong to one of market medicinal material kind more salable.
The present condition of production: 1. habit of growth, root of Chinese trichosanthes happiness warm and moist, environment on the sunny side, more cold-resistant, drought-enduring, its root can go deep into 1m～2m in the soil; 2. tradition plantation is selected high and dryly on the sunny side, and irrigation and drainage are the plot easily; Many application of organic fertilizers, wide furrow are done in the leveling of turning over; Leveling furrow face is waited to broadcast after watering 3～5 days, produce generally and produce root of Chinese trichosanthes with the sowing seed, or in the rhizome of the annual staminiferous plant snakegourd of selecting life in 2～3 years mid-April as propagating materials; Can guarantee that root of Chinese trichosanthes gathers then, the snakegourd rhizome all dug out after autumn, remove reed head and earth and the crust of root scraped off to dry and be the traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes.About general per mu yield root of Chinese trichosanthes 300Kg, the high yield person can reach 400Kg.
At present, traditional agricultural kind method for planting is all adopted in the plantation of snakegourd, and the output of its piece root root of Chinese trichosanthes is relatively very low; Can't meet the need of market; Increase income to the medicinal herb grower and to have brought adverse effect, simultaneously since root of Chinese trichosanthes bury darker, need consume a large amount of labours during results; Given this, solve the problems referred to above, become the difficult problem that solution is needed in snakegourd planting technology field instantly badly through optimizing each planting link.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of snakegourd cultivation method that can improve traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output; Through choosing the suitable ploughing mode and the ploughing degree of depth; And optimize ploughing, fertilising, plant the mutual cooperation of each link, significantly improve the output of root of Chinese trichosanthes.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention taked is following.
A kind of cultivation method that improves traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output, its step comprises:
A, rotary tillage pouring: spring late March, select the deep fertile sandy loam of soil layer to carry out dark rotary tillage, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 80cm～90cm; Water watered after dark rotary tillage finished, and the plot is flattened;
B, fertilising: mu is executed farmyard manure 2000Kg～3000Kg, diammonium phosphate 40Kg～60Kg, superphosphate 90Kg～110Kg and the potassium sulphate 10Kg～20Kg that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed; Behind the face of land, turn over 25cm～35cm or rotary tillage 20cm～30cm fully are mixed fertilizer and soil with broadcast application;
Furrow are done in C, ridging: flat furrow are made in the plot, made moisture in the soil reserve in mid or late April with spreading and sinking in and broadcast;
D, plant seedling and choose: the kind root of snakegourd staminiferous plant is converted into the segment of 3cm～5cm, gets the plane of rupture fresh person of white and the section variable color is difficult for into the reviver and choose and abandon, the piece root airing of selecting a little makes its wound healing of wrecking, and promptly gets and plants seedling;
E, the plantation of kind seedling: in whole good furrow, plant by line-spacing 30cm～35cm, spacing in the rows 25cm～30cm;
F, results: can gather in the crops after autumn.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, adopt at interval dark rotary tillage mode, dark rotary tillage fabric width 75cm～85cm, interval width is 35cm～45cm.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step C, ridging is on the plot, interval of steps A the furrow ridge when doing furrow.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the step e, guarantee to sow row when planting the seedling plantation and be in the dark rotary tillage plot of steps A.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the step e, open the dark ditch of 8cm～10cm during plantation, will plant seedling and lie in the ditch, earthing 5cm～6cm then tramples kind of seedling is contacted with soil closely, hugs the level land piece at last and gets final product.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the step e, mu is with kind of a seedling 80Kg～100Kg.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the step F, after autumn snakegourd terrestrial stem bloom beat withered or stop growing after can gather in the crops; Rhizome root of Chinese trichosanthes with snakegourd during results all digs out; Remove reed head and earth, and piece root crust is scraped off dried the solarization, promptly get the traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes.
Adopt the beneficial effect that technique scheme produced to be: the present invention is through choosing the suitable ploughing mode and the ploughing degree of depth; And optimize ploughing, fertilising, plant the mutual cooperation of each link; Significantly improve the output of traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes, and shorten crop cycle simultaneously, improve the root of Chinese trichosanthes quality and reduce the difficulty that results are constructed;
1. adopt the rotary tillage degree of depth of 80cm～90cm, and control dark rotary tillage fabric width 75cm～85cm, interval width 35cm～45cm, can make the output of root of Chinese trichosanthes reach the highest, simultaneously also with dark rotary tillage farming cost control in a lower scope;
2. the present invention adopts the mode of mixing fertilising in the fertilising link; Mu is executed farmyard manure 2000Kg～3000Kg, diammonium phosphate 40Kg～60Kg, superphosphate 90Kg～110Kg and the potassium sulphate 10Kg～20Kg that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, and through turning over or rotary tillage fully is mixed fertilizer and soil; Above-mentioned fertilizer application formula can satisfy the nutritional need of snakegourd whole life fully, and the expense input is not high, has very big facilitation for the raising of root of Chinese trichosanthes output;
3. plant emergence rate and growing way that choosing of seedling can be guaranteed snakegourd; Line-spacing during plantation, spacing in the rows, ditch depth, earthing select to help optimizing the growth and the growth of kind of seedling; Abovementioned technology all helps improving the output of root of Chinese trichosanthes.
The field trial that the applicant carried out in 2010～2011 years has fully shown actual effect of the present invention:
Experimental condition: experimental field point selection is in medicinal herb grower ground, Anguo City Huo Zhuan village; Selection is adopted general planting respectively and is adopted technical scheme of the present invention (dark rotary tillage 80cm～90cm optimizes the fertilising scheme, optimizes seed selection and plantation scheme etc.) to plant with plot; Two test plot are taken up an area of 0.2 mu respectively, and the sowing time is April 20, and field management measure is identical; Results were aspire to November 2～5;
Result of the test: tradition plantation plot: the distance through measurement ground to the piece root is 13cm～26cm; Long 83cm～the 95cm of root; And the quantity that root is elongated is more, produces the bright article 221.8Kg of cell production (133 square metres), the bright article 1109Kg of folding per mu yield through surveying; The rate of giving money as a gift is calculated by 3Kg folding 1Kg, but per mu yield dried food and nuts 369.7Kg; Dark rotary tillage of the present invention plot: the distance through measurement ground to the piece root is 2cm～10cm, and more than 80% is 2cm～5cm, the long 55cm～82cm of root, and root is sturdy, produces bright article (133 square metres) 436Kg of cell production through surveying, and rolls over per mu yield 2180Kg; The rate of giving money as a gift is calculated by 3Kg folding 1Kg dry product, can amount to per mu yield dry product 726.7Kg.
Conclusion is analyzed: through the field comparative trial, not only tradition plantation root of Chinese trichosanthes field yields poorly, simultaneously since root prick cause deeply receiving digging and take a lot of work; And the root of Chinese trichosanthes ground of process rotary plow deep ploughing back plantation obviously shortens from the distance of root of Chinese trichosanthes, and major part can be expanded after taking root with going into, thereby the output of root of Chinese trichosanthes is high; Receive to dig be easier to and quality better; Cultivation scheme of the present invention every mu of root of Chinese trichosanthes of tradition plantation can increase production 96.7%, and nearly one times of amount of increase in production has great economic implications.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map in the at interval dark rotary tillage plot of the present invention; Among the figure, upwards the part of protuberance is the plot, interval of wide 35cm～45cm, does not carry out dark rotary tillage here, and the furrow ridge was positioned at here when furrow were done in ridging; Part to lower recess is the dark rotary tillage plot of wide 75cm～85cm, guarantees when planting the seedling plantation that the sowing row is in this plot; Two kinds of plot are spaced apart.
Embodiment
Following examples have specified the present invention.Various raw material used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional commercially available prod, all can buy directly through market to obtain.
A kind of cultivation method that improves traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output, its step comprises:
A, rotary tillage pouring: spring late March, select the deep fertile sandy loam of soil layer, with dry, irrigation and drainage on the sunny side easily the plot be excellent, adopt at interval dark rotary tillage mode to carry out dark rotary tillage, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 85cm, dark rotary tillage fabric width 80cm, interval width is 40cm; Water watered after dark rotary tillage finished, and the plot is flattened;
B, fertilising: mu is executed farmyard manure 2500Kg, diammonium phosphate 50Kg, superphosphate 100Kg and the potassium sulphate 15Kg that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed; Behind the face of land, rotary tillage 25cm fully is mixed fertilizer and soil with broadcast application;
Furrow are done in C, ridging: ridging is on the plot, interval of steps A the furrow ridge when doing furrow, and the flat furrow of growth 120cm～240cm are done in the plot, and furrow are wide to be looked the plot and decide, and makes moisture in the soil reserve in mid or late April to broadcast with spreading and sinking in;
D, plant seedling and choose: the kind root of snakegourd staminiferous plant is converted into the segment of 3cm～5cm, gets the plane of rupture fresh person of white and the section variable color is difficult for into the reviver and choose and abandon, the piece root airing of selecting a little makes its wound healing of wrecking, and promptly gets and plants seedling;
E, the plantation of kind seedling: guarantee to sow row when planting the seedling plantation and be in the dark rotary tillage plot of steps A; In whole good furrow, plant, open the dark ditch of 8cm～10cm, will plant seedling to lie in the ditch by line-spacing 30cm～35cm, spacing in the rows 25cm～30cm; Earthing 5cm～6cm then; Trample kind of seedling is contacted with soil closely, hug the level land piece at last and be beneficial to soil moisture conservation and improve ground temperature, get final product; Mu after planting can be emerged about 30 days with kind of a seedling 80Kg～100Kg;
F, results: after autumn snakegourd terrestrial stem bloom beat withered or stop growing after can gather in the crops, the rhizome root of Chinese trichosanthes with snakegourd during results all digs out, and removes reed head and earth, and piece root crust scraped off to do shines, and promptly gets the traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes.
Through the field comparative trial, traditional snakegourd kind method for planting not only root of Chinese trichosanthes yields poorly, and the receipts plane of pricking owing to root simultaneously that causes is deeply taken a lot of work; And through planting snakegourd after the dark rotary tillage of the present invention, ground obviously shortens from the distance of root of Chinese trichosanthes, and major part can be expanded after taking root with going into; Thereby the output of root of Chinese trichosanthes is high; Receive to dig be easier to and quality better, snakegourd cultivation scheme of the present invention every mu of root of Chinese trichosanthes of tradition plantation can increase production 96.7%, one times of amount of increase in production nearly.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention, not as the single restrictive condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (7)
1. cultivation method that improves traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output, its characterization step comprises:
A, rotary tillage pouring: spring late March, select the deep fertile sandy loam of soil layer to carry out dark rotary tillage, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 80cm～90cm; Water watered after dark rotary tillage finished, and the plot is flattened;
B, fertilising: mu is executed farmyard manure 2000Kg～3000Kg, diammonium phosphate 40Kg～60Kg, superphosphate 90Kg～110Kg and the potassium sulphate 10Kg～20Kg that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed; Behind the face of land, turn over 25cm～35cm or rotary tillage 20cm～30cm fully are mixed fertilizer and soil with broadcast application;
Furrow are done in C, ridging: flat furrow are made in the plot, made moisture in the soil reserve in mid or late April with spreading and sinking in and broadcast;
D, plant seedling and choose: the kind root of snakegourd staminiferous plant is converted into the segment of 3cm～5cm, gets the plane of rupture fresh person of white and the section variable color is difficult for into the reviver and choose and abandon, the piece root airing of selecting a little makes its wound healing of wrecking, and promptly gets and plants seedling;
E, the plantation of kind seedling: in whole good furrow, plant by line-spacing 30cm～35cm, spacing in the rows 25cm～30cm;
F, results: can gather in the crops after autumn.
2. the cultivation method of raising traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the steps A, adopt at interval dark rotary tillage mode, and dark rotary tillage fabric width 75cm～85cm, interval width is 35cm～45cm.
3. the cultivation method of raising traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output according to claim 2 is characterized in that: among the step C, ridging is on the plot, interval of steps A the furrow ridge when doing furrow.
4. the cultivation method of raising traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output according to claim 2 is characterized in that: in the step e, guarantee to sow row when planting the seedling plantation and be in the dark rotary tillage plot of steps A.
5. the cultivation method of raising traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the step e, open the dark ditch of 8cm～10cm during plantation; To plant seedling lies in the ditch; Earthing 5cm～6cm then tramples kind of seedling is contacted with soil closely, hugs the level land piece at last and gets final product.
6. the cultivation method of raising traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the step e, mu is with kind of a seedling 80Kg～100Kg.
7. the cultivation method of raising traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes output according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: in the step F; After autumn snakegourd terrestrial stem bloom beat withered or stop growing after can gather in the crops, the rhizome root of Chinese trichosanthes with snakegourd during results all digs out, and removes reed head and earth; And piece root crust scraped off do to shine, promptly get the traditional Chinese medicine root of Chinese trichosanthes.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN104145700A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-19 | 广州白云山中一药业有限公司 | Method for planting radix trichosanthis medicine |
| CN105830729A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-10 | 南江县高塔天宫中药材种植专业合作社 | Ginkgo tree and trichosanthes kirilowii interplanting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104145700A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-11-19 | 广州白云山中一药业有限公司 | Method for planting radix trichosanthis medicine |
| CN105830729A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-10 | 南江县高塔天宫中药材种植专业合作社 | Ginkgo tree and trichosanthes kirilowii interplanting method |
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