CN106613296A - Mulching film seed melon cultivation method for arid desert region - Google Patents
Mulching film seed melon cultivation method for arid desert region Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mulching film seed melon cultivation method for an arid desert region. The method comprises the steps of 1 land selecting and land preparing; 2 soil treating, wherein a nerium indicum leaf aqueous extract, a cephalotaxus fortunei stem and leaf aqueous extract and a derris root formaldehyde extract are mixed in proportion, diluted to 20 times with warm water at the temperature of 35 DEG C to 45 DEG C and then mixed with water to obtain 800-time liquid, soil is spray-irrigated with the 800-time liquid, after 2-3 days, diatomite, burned soil, biogas residues and tobacco leaves are mixed in proportion and then sprinkled to ridged ridge surfaces, and after a layer of straw powder is sprinkled, the ridge surfaces are covered with black film; 3 seed selecting and seed treating; 4 sowing; 5 field managing; 6 disease and pest preventing and controlling; 7 harvesting. The planting method is a simplified planting method integrating the functions of killing pests and bacteria, improving the soil structure, maintaining the microbial system balance and providing fertilizer moisture into a whole, the later-period managing cost is greatly reduced, the labor requirements are reduced, the economic benefit is increased, and a guarantee is provided for income increasing of farmers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting technical field, more particularly to arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method.
Background technology
Seed melon for the common watermelon seed of Curcurbitaceae Citrullus variety, be the abbreviation of " seed water melon ", call also known as beating
Melon, is divided into two kinds of black seed melon and red seed melon.Due to its seed it is big delicious, nutritious, and containing certain functional components, by people
Give lucky fine implied meaning, be increasingly becoming red-letter day hospitality, the good merchantable brand of presenting friends, be also the natural green food of tourism and leisure
Product, it is in great demand in the Middle East and south east asia as the famous-brand and high-quality special product of conventional outlet.Additionally, seed melon is used as a kind of industrial crops,
Cultivated area increases year by year, and in addition people start to carry out deep processing to it, makes the very high product of various added values, or focuses on
The health care of its own, for health care and natural nutrition vegetable etc., in a word, the plantation of seed melon can not only be created for peasant and increased
Receipt part, promotes rural economic development, moreover it is possible to the monistic problem of domestic pectin starting material is solved, with wide market prospects.
At present, to cultivate and plant report less for China's seed melon, also to seed melon planting technology does not carry out system and science is ground
Study carefully, the understanding of genetic development and disease to some major traits of seed melon relatively lags behind, in addition peasant is still using traditional skill
Art is planted, cause seed melon plantation emergence rate and yield poorly, poor product quality, pest and disease damage occur serious, significantly impact agriculture
The people plant enthusiasm.
To solve the problems, such as that seed melon seeding ratio is low, seedling-growing time is long, generally seed is pre-processed, conventional method
Including：1) temperature scalds seed soaking：Seed, with falling with stirring, is dropped into 30 DEG C or so, leaching with 55～60 DEG C of water seed soakings to water temperature before broadcasting
Kinds 8～10 hours, pull that seed is standby out, this method is simple and easy to do, can kill seed coat surface germ, promotes a kind of watermelon to emerge ahead of time, but
The cost time is longer, and Interior Seed point enzyme material undergoes long-time high temperature, it may occur that deactivation phenomenom, so as to affect emergence rate；
2) medicament sowing：Dressed seed when suitable happy with the Dexon powder of grain weight 0.3%, the 2.5% of 0.4%, or with grain weight 0.4%
The handsome seedling seed dressing of 2.5% Weicheng81 block seed addition amount 0.2%, to reduce rotten kind and sprout term disease, but due to chemical bactericide
Use in a large number, can not only kill harmful bacteria, can also kill beneficial bacterium, destroy the balance of edaphon system, and chemistry is killed
Microbial inoculum is typically difficult to from degraded, is generally residued in seed or soil, does not meet the idea of development of green agriculture；3) sulfuric acid leaching
Kind：1kg seeds are uniformly sprinkled upon sulfuric acid on seed with 98% industrial sulphuric acid 50mL, with spilling with turning over, mix it is uniform after vexed kind 20～
25 minutes, it is washed till without tart flavour with clear water immediately.Then with 25～30 DEG C of water seed soakings 6～8 hours, seed is pulled out to drain and (prevented
Dry), then the enemy's ketone or 70% Mancozeb with 25%, with the 0.3% of seed weight or 0.5% seed dressing, Jing this method is processed
The surface of the seed, the germ in kind hole and worm's ovum can be effectively killed, can prevent subterranean pest-insect from causing harm, be emerged within 1～2 day ahead of time, but it is dense
It is dangerous big when sulfuric acid is used, and process also with chemical bactericide process, do not meet the idea of development of green agriculture；4) its other party
Method：Soaked 8～12 hours with warm water, pull out and soaked seed 15～20 minutes with 0.1% mercuric chloride or 1% formalin, pulled out and use clear water
Rinse well and dry, broadcast with the seed dressing of 0.2% phoxim is standby.Although above-mentioned several method can be accelerated to emerge, and reduce pest and disease damage
Occur, but due to longer using chemical bactericide or process time, from the angle of the ecological agriculture, it does not meet green planting
Theory require, and above-mentioned several method improve seeding ratio in terms of limitation it is larger, it is difficult to realize break through development.
It is well known that water and fertilizer condition is also one of key factor of impact seed melon plantation, it is to solve traditional fertilization method pair
The limitation of seed melon plantation, the A of patent CN 105254372 discloses a kind of fertilising side of the black seed melon yield of raising nonirrigated farmland mulch film
Method, its black seed melon sowing before per mu administration 5000～7000kg farm manures, 400～550kg cake fertilizer, 280～350kg urea,
300～350kg potassium sulfates, 7.5～10kg boron fertilizers, 15～20kg Diammonium phosphate (DAP), with reference to fertilising, rotary tillage soil, mix clay fertilizer,
Smooth soil, builds high ridge planting, after the plantation of black seed melon between 1～4 month, imposes soil mu and applies 150～300kg and topdress 1～3
Secondary, during fruit expanding period, per mu of blade face sprays 50～100kg and topdresses 2～3 times, wherein, soil topdressing was chased after in the crop seedling phase
Fertilising material 1 time, it is consisted of by weight：10～15 parts of urea, 10～15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 8～10 parts of purity nitrogen, five oxidations
Two 7～10 parts of phosphorus；Topdress 1 time the melon phase is sat, its parts by weight is consisted of：20～30 parts of ammonium nitrate, 15～20 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, vegetation
20～45 parts of ash, 50～90 parts of coarse colza meal, 2～10 parts of ferrous sulfate；Topdress 1 time in the swollen melon phase, its parts by weight is consisted of：
10～15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100～150 parts of ammonium nitrate；Foliage spray was respectively imposed 1 time in crop seat melon phase and swollen melon phase,
It is consisted of by weight：5～10 parts of ammoniacal liquor, 7～10 parts of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2～3 parts of urea, lactobacillus suspension 0.5
～5 parts, 0.5～5 part of yeast liquid, 0.25～0.5 part of 1000ppm triacontanols, 40～50 parts of water.The fertilizing method is rationally taken
Match somebody with somebody, the amount of application and time of application of fertilizer is suitable so that fertilizer nutrient is uniformly distributed in soil, greatly increases root of the crop
System promotes absorption of the crop root to nutrient to moisture and the absorption efficiency of nutrient, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is greatly improved, and keeps away
Exempt from environmental pollution, reduce fertilizer amount so that persticide residue is less, it is ensured that people's is healthy.But due to topdressing
Often, peasant's work time is increased, and the method is difficult to solve the problems, such as that the morbidity of seed melon is infested, it is often more important that, the party
The each stage fertilizer amount of method is big, and cost of investment is high, greatly reduces planting benefit, affects peasant planting enthusiasm.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：A kind of arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method is provided, sweetscented oleander leaf water extraction is first used
Thing, cepehalotaxus fortunei cauline leaf water extract and derris root formaldehyde extract dilution sprinkling irrigation soil, then with diatom ooze, burn soil, biogas residue
Process with tobacco leaf mixture and spread behind the face of ridge one layer of powder of straw containing flyash, grow nonparasitically upon another plant insect pest and germ in effective process soil,
Improve ridge face pH-value and insulation, soil moisture conservation effect simultaneously, finally again by the water and the acetic acid solution of variable concentrations of different temperatures
Seed is processed, sowing in advance is reached, is accelerated to emerge, improves the purpose that emergence rate and pre- preventing disease and pest occur.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
Arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method, including step：1) selection of land and site preparation, 2) soil treatment, 3) seed selection with
Seed Treatment, 4) sows, 5) field management, the 6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, 7) harvests, it is characterised in that：The step 2) soil treatment
In, by sweetscented oleander leaf water extract, cepehalotaxus fortunei cauline leaf water extract and derris root formaldehyde extract according to weight ratio be 1：1.06：0.65
Ratio mixing after, be diluted to 20 times with 35～45 DEG C of warm water, then be watered to 800 times of liquid sprinkling irrigation soil, with penetrate into soil 2～
3cm is defined；It is 1 according to weight ratio by diatom ooze, baked wheaten cake soil, biogas residue and tobacco leaf after 2～3 days：0.4：2.75：0.01 ratio
After mixing, on the ridge face being spread on, consumption is 0.1～0.2kg/m3, then spread black after one layer of 0.5～0.8cm thickness powder of straw of paving
Film cover, wherein, the diatom ooze, burn soil and biogas residue be fermented and sterilization treatment after, the water content for obtaining be less than 15%
Product.
Further, the step 3) to choose seeds with Seed Treatment, method for treating seeds is：It is first that 60 DEG C of seed immersion is aseptic
Process 1 hour in water, and proceed to process 30 minutes in the acetic acid solution that mass concentration is 5%；Seed is proceeded into 65 DEG C of sterilized waters
It is middle to process 40 minutes, and proceed to process 20 minutes in the acetic acid solution that mass concentration is 3%；Again seed is proceeded into 70 DEG C of sterilized waters
It is middle to process 20 minutes, and proceed in the acetic acid solution that mass concentration is 2% and process 8 minutes, take out seed and with sterile water wash 2
After～3 times, 2～5 DEG C of cold water treatment is put into 10～15 minutes, is dried 4～5 hours after taking out and draining away the water, finally carry out
Seed dressing.
Further, also containing 3～8% flyash in the powder of straw.
Further, described seed dressing be by least one in seed and the rice bran, peanut shell or wheat bran for frying by weight
Than for 1：1.01 are mixed.
Further, also containing mass concentration it is 0.15～0.2% in the described rice bran for frying, peanut shell or wheat bran
Copperas solution.
Further, described copperas solution content is the 1～3% of rice bran, peanut shell or wheat bran weight.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is：
1) present invention is converted after first being mixed with sweetscented oleander leaf water extract, cepehalotaxus fortunei cauline leaf water extract and derris root formaldehyde extract
Water to 800 times of liquid sprinkling irrigation soil, three kinds of extracts have potent killing subterraneous root nematode effect, compare chemical insecticide, its
Energy natural degradation, will not residue in soil, and not interfere with the activity of the beneficial microbe in soil, ensure that beneficial micro- life
The balance of thing flora, and then play a part of to maintain soil natural structure；Again by diatom ooze, baked wheaten cake soil, biogas residue and tobacco leaf mixing
Afterwards, on the ridge face being spread on, diatom ooze is attached together with its unique loose structure by soil, tobacco leaf and biogas residue is burnt, shape
Into loose crumb structure, improve the permeability of ridge face soil, also act as the effect of sterilization, insulation and moisturizing；Burn a native side
Face provides biological organic matter composition, improves soil fertilizer moisture in the soil condition, on the other hand improves soil PH, it is ensured that seed melon seed is most
Emerge under the conditions of good, improve emergence rate；The content of organic matter is high in biogas residue, and fertile moisture in the soil condition is good, and can improve soil texture, increases soil
Earth permeability, tobacco leaf is then utilized as insecticide and fertilizer organic matter.Four kinds of compositions are used in mixed way, and can form one on the face of ridge
Layer soil moisture conservation, water conservation and heat-insulation layer, and killing effect can be played to the worm's ovum in soil, protect seed not to be damaged so as to play,
Improve emergence rate and reduce the effect that pest and disease damage occurs.It is last that ridge face is covered with the powder of straw containing flyash, on the one hand improve
Fertilizer applies ratio, meets the nutritional need of seed melon plantation, on the other hand plays heat insulation effect, makes the soil moisture compare the same period
3～5 DEG C are improved, the purpose sowed ahead of time is reached.
2) present invention first passes through the acetic acid solution alternate treatment seed that the sterilized water that gradually heats up and concentration are gradually lowered, phase
Water process seed is scalded than traditional temperature, required time reduces various species activity quilts in half, and the seed of the method process
Excite completely, seedling-growing time does sth. in advance 3～4 days, most after the seed soaking of Jing water at low temperature, form the temperature match curing conditions of three high and one low, make to grow nonparasitically upon another plant in
Plant the germ complete deactivation of skin and irreversible, raising seedling disease resistance.
3) using the seed dressing of the rice bran for frying containing ferrous sulfate, peanut shell or wheat bran, three kinds of materials are fried the present invention
A kind of smell of uniqueness can be produced afterwards, lure that insect pest is gnawed and reduces the injury to seed into, it is ensured that seed sprouting, while this three kinds
Calcium content is very high in material, and insect pest stimulates its stomach or digestive system after gnawing, and makes insect pest dead because consuming system damage, rises
To the effect for killing insect pest；Meanwhile, three kinds of materials are also organic fertilizer, meet seed sprouting and the fertile moisture in the soil needed for seedling early growth
Demand.Additionally, ferrous sulfate then can produce beneficial effect to the special enzyme material in seedling, promote chlorophyllous formation, so as to
Accelerate seedling early growth.
4) implantation methods of the present invention are collection desinsection, sterilization, improve soil texture, maintain microflora balance and provide fertilizer
Moisture in the soil is planted in the summary of one, greatly reduces the management in later stage, is reduced work and is required, improves economic benefit, is agriculture
The people are increased income there is provided guarantee.Meanwhile, the method does not use any chemical bactericide and fertilizer, intactly remains the original of soil
Structure and balance, meet the requirement of green agriculture development.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described further with reference to specific embodiment, in order to same domain technical staff
Understanding.
Embodiment 1
Arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method, comprises the following steps：
1) selection of land and site preparation：Select physical features flat, soil property is the arid-desert area of loam or sandy loam, freeze-up in soil
Before, after removing weeds in field and root rattan, deep plough 28～35cm, and pours water in time；After beginning of spring next year soil thaws, shallow plowing soil 10
～15cm, and timely mechanically or manually ridging, 120～150cm of row spacing, high 5～8cm, wide 50～60cm between ridge；
2) soil treatment：By sweetscented oleander leaf water extract, cepehalotaxus fortunei cauline leaf water extract and derris root formaldehyde extract according to weight
Amount is than being 1：1.06：After 0.65 ratio mixing, 20 times are diluted to 35～45 DEG C of warm water, then are watered to 800 times of liquid sprinkling irrigation soil
Earth, is defined by penetrating into 2～3cm of soil, notes not destroying ridge face when soil is sprayed；After 2～3 days, by diatom ooze, burn soil,
Biogas residue and tobacco leaf are 1 according to weight ratio：0.4：2.75：After 0.01 ratio mixing, on the ridge face being spread on, consumption is 0.1
～0.2kg/m3, then black plastic mulching after the thick flyash powder of straw containing 3～8% of one layer of 0.5～0.8cm of paving is spread, wherein, institute
State diatom ooze, burn soil and biogas residue be fermented and sterilization treatment after, the water content for obtaining less than 15% product, soil treatment
Terminate and dry 3～5 days, pinch field soil it is tack-free when cover black film；
3) seed selection and Seed Treatment：According to local climate condition, the seed melon seed for selecting good quality and high output, disease resistance strong, and
Seed is pre-processed, preprocess method is：First seed is immersed in 60 DEG C of sterilized waters and is processed 1 hour, and it is dense to proceed to quality
Spend in the acetic acid solution for 5% and process 30 minutes；Seed is proceeded in 65 DEG C of sterilized waters and is processed 40 minutes, and proceed to mass concentration
To process 20 minutes in 3% acetic acid solution；Seed is proceeded in 70 DEG C of sterilized waters is again processed 20 minutes, and proceed to mass concentration
For in 2% acetic acid solution process 8 minutes, take out seed and with sterile water wash 2～3 times after, be put at 2～5 DEG C of cold water
Reason 10～15 minutes, dries 4～5 hours after taking out and draining away the water, and is by weight finally 1 by seed and the rice bran for frying：
1.01 carry out mixing seed dressing, wherein, containing the copperas solution that mass concentration is 0.15～0.2%, ferrous sulfate in rice bran
Solution content is the 1～3% of rice bran weight；
4) sow：Sow when 10cm ground temperature is stablized more than 13 DEG C for continuous 7～10 days, due to having carried out suitably to soil
Process, sowing time compares in advance, therefore, mid-April can start sowing, according to 50～65cm of line-spacing, 20～25cm of spacing in the rows
Density sowed, it is desirable to broadcast that row end is straight, do not weigh do not leak, seeding down is uniform, the depth is consistent, to the end to side, earthing well, suppress
Really, handing-over row is accurate, face is smooth, lighting surface is suitable；
5) field management：
1. look into seedling to reseed：Preferably early unsuitable evening is reseeded, two class seedlings is such as easily formed too late, ripe bad, white seed is more, yields poorly,
Conscientiously check during sowing, find to perform mark where the disconnected ridge of scarce row, after planting reseed in time, when full field enters the seeding stage,
The place of being short of seedling is reseeded in time according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, preferably seed be done into vernalization before reseeding and processed；
2. thinning final singling：2 true leaf thinnings, 4 true leaf final singlings, principle be it is weak stay strong, prevent or cure a disease to stay and strong stay individual plant, it is ensured that
Basic Seedling 6.75～7.20 ten thousand plant/hm2, emerging to a seedling phase to be restrained the growth of seedlings, and grey and have indivedual blades until blade shades
Till jaundice, restraining the growth of seedlings is conducive to root growth, strengthens anti-early, resistance against diseases；
3. weeding and topdress：Depending on the timely weeding of weed growth situation, the weeds on seedling cave side are manually pulled out, it is to avoid
Weeds win honour for, strive water, strive fertilizer with seedling；And in seedling stage, seat melon phase, melon swollen phase, 0.2～0.4% biphosphate is sprayed respectively
Potassium 2～4 times, while when seed melon length is to 2～3 true leaves, spraying 0.4% urea, can prevent seedling aetiolation；When young melon
When having egg size, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300kg/hm can be applied2, or add 0.3% phosphoric acid with 0.2%～0.3% urea solution in 7～10 days
Potassium dihydrogen mixed liquor carries out 1 foliage application, contributes to the formation of seed；
4. pour water：According to local weather condition, according to the principle of " a small amount of multiple ", enter at florescence and fruit expanding period respectively
Row is poured water；
6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
7) harvest：When seed melon skin becomes Dark grey, yellow or black by green, it is rich in gloss, hand touches with lubricious sense, and fine hair takes off
Fall, harvested when being pressed with soft sense.
In above-mentioned planting process, there is no pest and disease damage phenomenon, therefore, can effectively be prevented and treated using the implantation methods of the present invention
Seed melon pest and disease damage occurs；Meanwhile, compare 3～4 days in advance in after planting seedling-growing time, and emergence rate improves 3.7% or so, fresh melon
Net weight improves 700g or so, and seed fresh weight improves 12g or so, and seed dry weight improves 7g or so, and seed-producing rate improves 1% or so.
It follows that the present invention not only solve arid-desert area seed melon yield poorly, the problem that pest and disease damage incidence is high, also
The quality very yield of seed melon is significantly improved, significant economic benefit is achieved.
Claims (6)
1. arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method, including step：1) selection of land and site preparation, 2) soil treatment, 3) seed selection and kind
Subprocessing, 4) sows, 5) field management, the 6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, 7) harvests, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in soil treatment,
By sweetscented oleander leaf water extract, cepehalotaxus fortunei cauline leaf water extract and derris root formaldehyde extract according to weight ratio be 1：1.06：0.65
After ratio mixing, 20 times are diluted to 35～45 DEG C of warm water, then are watered to 800 times of liquid sprinkling irrigation soil, to penetrate into 2～3cm of soil
It is defined；It is 1 according to weight ratio by diatom ooze, baked wheaten cake soil, biogas residue and tobacco leaf after 2～3 days：0.4：2.75：0.01 ratio mixing
Afterwards, on the ridge face being spread on, consumption is 0.1～0.2kg/m3, then spread black film after paving one layer of 0.5～0.8cm thickness powder of straw and cover
Lid, wherein, the diatom ooze, burn soil and biogas residue be fermented and sterilization treatment after, the water content for obtaining less than 15% product
Thing.
2. arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 3) seed selection with
In Seed Treatment, method for treating seeds is：First seed is immersed in 60 DEG C of sterilized waters and is processed 1 hour, and proceed to mass concentration and be
Process 30 minutes in 5% acetic acid solution；Seed is proceeded in 65 DEG C of sterilized waters and is processed 40 minutes, and proceed to mass concentration and be
Process 20 minutes in 3% acetic acid solution；Seed is proceeded in 70 DEG C of sterilized waters is again processed 20 minutes, and proceed to mass concentration and be
In 2% acetic acid solution process 8 minutes, take out seed and with sterile water wash 2～3 times after, be put into 2～5 DEG C of cold water treatment
10～15 minutes, dry 4～5 hours after taking out and draining away the water, finally dressed seed.
3. arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also contain in the powder of straw
There is 3～8% flyash.
4. arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described seed dressing is to plant
Son is by weight 1 with least one in rice bran, peanut shell or the wheat bran for frying：1.01 are mixed.
5. arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The described rice for frying
Also containing the copperas solution that mass concentration is 0.15～0.2% in chaff, peanut shell or wheat bran.
6. arid-desert area mulch film seed melon breeding method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described ferrous sulfate is molten
Liquid hold-up is the 1～3% of rice bran, peanut shell or wheat bran weight.
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