CN1377238A - 包含酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的组合物 - Google Patents
包含酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1377238A CN1377238A CN00813554A CN00813554A CN1377238A CN 1377238 A CN1377238 A CN 1377238A CN 00813554 A CN00813554 A CN 00813554A CN 00813554 A CN00813554 A CN 00813554A CN 1377238 A CN1377238 A CN 1377238A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- protein
- tryptophan
- whey protein
- casein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
一种用于婴儿配方的包含酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的组合物;一种生产此组合物的方法;此组合物在生产处理营养不良的药物或营养品中的用途;以及一种包含给予有效量的此组合物而处理营养不良的方法。此组合物的一种优选实施方案包含非水解蛋白,游离精氨酸;色氨酸和组氨酸,脂原料和糖原料。另外,乳清蛋白为去除了酪蛋白－糖大分子肽的酸乳清蛋白或甜乳清蛋白。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于婴儿配方的包含酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的组合物；一种生产此组合物的方法；此组合物在生产处理营养不良药物或营养品中的用途；以及一种包含给予有效量的此组合物而处理营养不良的方法。
在本申请的内容中，“包含”表示“包括，也有其它内容”。它并不意欲表示“仅由此组成”。
推荐给所有婴儿用母乳。然而，在一些情况下不能得到母乳，所以必需使用婴儿配方。正常情况下，通常给足月婴儿喂食基于牛奶的配方。这些配方包含酪蛋白和乳清蛋白的混合物作为蛋白质原料并提供营养给婴儿，然而它们不提供与母乳相同的蛋白质浓度和氨基酸分布型。另外，这些标准配方不适合早产儿及那些对牛奶配方中的蛋白或乳糖有不良反应的婴儿。
一种对牛奶配方的替代品是大豆配方；特别是对于不耐受乳糖的婴儿。然而，大豆作为蛋白质原料不如牛奶丰富。同样，婴儿不能从大豆配方中有效吸收某些矿物质，如钙。
另一种替代配方是以水解蛋白质为基础的。这些配方是低变应原性的，发生过敏反应的可能性减小。
理想地，为尽量接近人奶，婴儿配方中的蛋白可以以适当的比例从乳清蛋白和酪蛋白中得到。然而，含有这些蛋白的传统配方的一个问题是它们具有高蛋白浓度以便保证婴儿得到必要量的所有必需氨基酸。这个蛋白浓度高于人奶中的正常浓度并可能对婴儿是不利的，因为婴儿的代谢容易受到蛋白摄取导致的氮超负荷。
为处理此问题，建议具有改进氨基酸分布型的配方，例如有水解乳清蛋白的配方。乳清蛋白可以是酸乳清蛋白或甜乳清蛋白。总的说来，从营养的观点出发优选酸乳清蛋白，因为它具有更低的接近于人奶的苏氨酸含量。然而，直到现在还不可能提供具有与人奶中蛋白浓度相等的蛋白浓度和在含乳清蛋白和酪蛋白的配方中有良好氨基酸分布型的组合物的优点。酪蛋白提供的一个优点是它具有形成增强饱感的凝乳的能力。
本发明处理上面所阐述的问题。
因此，本发明提供了一种用于婴儿配方的组合物，包含乳清蛋白；酪蛋白；游离精氨酸；游离组氨酸；以及富含色氨酸的乳蛋白，游离色氨酸或其混合物。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种生产此组合物的方法，包括将乳清蛋白和酪蛋白与游离精氨酸；游离组氨酸；以及富含色氨酸的乳蛋白，游离色氨酸或其混合物混合在一起，并将共混的混合物均质化的步骤。
本发明的第三方面提供了此组合物的一种实施方案在生产处理营养不良的药物或营养品中的用途。
本发明的第四方面提供了一种处理营养不良的方法，包含给予有效量的此组合物的一种实施方案。
优选地，富含色氨酸的乳蛋白中约5％或更高水平的氨基酸为色氨酸。更优选为约10％或更多。
优选地，乳清蛋白为酸乳清蛋白或甜乳清蛋白，酪蛋白-糖-大分子肽(caseino-glyco-macropeptide)被从中去除。这提供了与普通甜乳清蛋白相比苏氨酸含量减少以及色氨酸含量增加的优点，所以适于作为婴儿的蛋白质原料。
组合物的一种实施方案优选包含约9.0～10.0w/w％，更优选约9.5％w/w％的蛋白质。这相当于约1.8g蛋白/100kcal。这种蛋白质浓度提供的一个优点是它等同于通常存在于人奶中的蛋白量并对应于营养规则中耐受的下限。
组合物的一种实施方案优选包含约0.5wt％到约3wt％的精氨酸；色氨酸和组氨酸。令人惊讶的是，通过给甜乳清蛋白部分补充游离氨基酸精氨酸、酪氨酸和组氨酸，蛋白原料具有与人奶接近的氨基酸分布型。
组合物的一种实施方案优选包含脂质原料、糖原料和蛋白质原料。这提供了组合物尽量接近于母乳含量的优点。
组合物的一种实施方案优选包含非水解的乳清蛋白。在其它实施方案中它是水解的。
甜乳清蛋白部分优选基本不含乳糖。它的优点是婴儿配方具有减低水平的赖氨酸封闭。
组合物的一种实施方案优选包含约6wt％到约50wt％的乳清蛋白，更优选约20％到40％的乳清蛋白，最优选30％的乳清蛋白。它优选包含约20％到约40％的酪蛋白，更优选约30％。最优选地，乳清蛋白与酪蛋白的比例为约60％∶约40％到约70％∶约30％。
游离氨基酸优选以游离碱形式存在。
在一种实施方案中，组合物适于早产婴儿配方，包含约0wt％到约0.1wt％的组氨酸，约0.1wt％到约0.3wt％的精氨酸，以及约0.3wt％到约0.5wt％的色氨酸。
在另一种实施方案中，组合物适于足月、低变应原性婴儿配方，其中蛋白原料优选包含约0.2wt％到约0.4wt％的组氨酸，约1wt％到约2wt％的精氨酸，以及约0.2wt％到约0.4wt％的色氨酸。
优选地，组合物中的色氨酸浓度至少为约135mg/g并且组合物中的苏氨酸浓度小于约350mg/g。苏氨酸的浓度优选相当于约4.9g/100g蛋白到约5.1g/100g蛋白。
糖原料可以包括乳糖。乳糖可以是糖的唯一原料。
下面通过实施例描述本发明的实施方案。
本发明提供了一种用于婴儿配方的组合物，包含精氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸和去除酪蛋白-糖-大分子肽的甜乳清蛋白部分。此婴儿配方可以用于足月或早产婴儿。
用于蛋白原料的甜乳清蛋白可以从奶酪制作中获得，特别是在用凝乳酶凝固酪蛋白后获得的甜乳清蛋白。然后可以根据需要加工甜乳清蛋白。例如，甜乳清蛋白可以经处理去除矿物质(阳离子、阴离子)、乳糖或这些物质中的任何一种。甜乳清蛋白的浓度可以根据需要配制。适当的甜乳清蛋白可以买到。特别优选甜乳清蛋白基本不含乳糖。
然后处理甜乳清蛋白去除酪蛋白-糖-大分子肽。这可以通过适当的方法完成。一种适当的方法描述于欧洲专利申请0880902，在此引入其公开内容作为参考。在此方法中，如果需要，将甜乳清蛋白的pH调整为1到4.3。然后将甜乳清蛋白与基本为碱性的弱阴离子树脂接触，直到甜乳清蛋白的pH稳定在约4.5到5.5。然后收集去除了酪蛋白-糖-大分子肽的甜乳清蛋白部分。
在组合物的一种实施方案中，乳清蛋白是非水解的。在另一种实施方案中，甜乳清蛋白被水解以便预防有危险的婴儿的过敏反应并使蛋白更容易消化。可以根据需要和本领域中所公知的方法进行水解过程。总的说来，乳清蛋白水解产物是通过一步或更多步酶水解甜乳清蛋白部分制备的。例如，对于广泛水解的蛋白，甜乳清蛋白可以接受三次水解，使用，例如，碱性蛋白酶2.4L(Alcalase 2.4L)(EC940459)，然后是中性蛋白酶0.5L(Neutrase 0.5L)(可以从诺和诺得发酵AG获得)，然后是在55℃下用胰酶。另外，对于水解较少的蛋白，甜乳清蛋白可以接受两次水解，使用，例如诺和酶(NOVOZYMES)然后是胰酶。
如果使用的甜乳清蛋白是基本无乳糖的，发现蛋白在水解过程中接受少得多的赖氨酸阻断。这使赖氨酸阻断的程度可以从总赖氨酸的约15wt％减少到小于赖氨酸的约10wt％；例如赖氨酸的约7wt％。这很大程度改进了蛋白原料的营养质量。
游离氨基酸L-精氨酸、L-色氨酸和L-组氨酸包括在蛋白原料中。它们优选以游离氨基酸的形式存在并占蛋白原料的约1.5wt％到约3wt％。例如，游离氨基酸可以占蛋白原料的约2wt％到约2.6wt％。
特别是对于早产配方，组氨酸优选提供蛋白原料的约1～1.5wt％，精氨酸优选提供蛋白原料的约0.6～0.9wt％，色氨酸优选提供蛋白原料的约0.3～0.5wt％。对于低变应原性配方，组氨酸优选提供蛋白原料的约0.2～0.4wt％，精氨酸优选提供蛋白原料的约1～2wt％，色氨酸优选提供蛋白原料的约0.2～0.4wt％。
蛋白原料可以包括其它需要的游离氨基酸。
婴儿配方中的糖原料可以是适用于婴儿配方中的糖。优选的糖原料选自蔗糖、麦芽糖糊精、麦芽糖、乳糖、玉米浆、玉米浆固体、大米浆固体、大米淀粉等。优选地，糖原料包括乳糖和麦芽糖糊精。乳糖优选不含任何变应原。对于足月配方，糖原料优选乳糖。
脂原料可以是任何适用于婴儿配方中的脂质或脂肪。优选脂质原料包括乳脂、红花油、卵黄脂、低芥酸菜子油、橄榄油、椰子油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、棕榈油酸甘油酯、大豆油、向日葵油、鱼油和含长链多不饱和脂肪酸的微生物发酵油。这些油可以以高油酸形式如高油酸向日葵油和高油酸红花油的形式存在。脂质原料也可以以这些油如棕榈油酸甘油酯、中链甘油三酯(MCT)的衍生部分和脂肪酸酯如花生四烯酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十二碳六烯酸、亚麻酸、油酸、月桂酸、癸酸、辛酸、己酸等形式存在。
对于早产配方，脂原料优选包含中链甘油三酯；例如含量为脂原料的约15～35wt％。
脂原料优选具有约5∶1～15∶1的n-6与n-3脂肪酸比；例如约8∶1～10∶1。
婴儿配方可以进一步包含设计为符合人类婴儿营养要求的成分。特别是优选婴儿配方为“营养完整的“；即它包含支持长期的健康人生活的充足营养。
每100kcal配方的蛋白量一般为约1.8g～4.5g，例如约1.8g～4g。对于足月低变应原性配方，此含量可以为约1.8g/100kcal～2.5g/100kcal。为减小蛋白负荷，此含量可以小于约2g/100kcal。对于早产配方，此含量可以为约2.5g/100kcal～4g/100kcal。
每100kcal配方中的脂质原料的量可以是约3.3g～6.5g；例如约4.4g～6.5g。每100kcal总配方中的糖原料的量一般为约7g～14g。
当以营养完整形式存在时，婴儿配方包含所有理解为在日常饮食中必需的，营养上有意义量的维生素和矿物质。已经建立了某些维生素和矿物质的最小需求。选用于婴儿配方中的矿物质、维生素和其它营养成分的实施例包括维生素A，维生素B1，维生素B2，维生素B6，维生素B12，维生素E，维生素K，维生素C，维生素D，叶酸、肌醇、烟酸、生物素、泛酸、胆碱、钙、磷酸、碘、铁、镁、铜、锌、锰、氯、钾、钠、硒、铬、钼、牛磺酸和L-肉碱。通常以盐形式添加矿物质。特定矿物质和其它维生素的存在和量将根据目标婴儿群而不同。
如果必要，婴儿配方可以含乳化剂和稳定剂如大豆卵磷脂、单和二甘油酯的柠檬酸酯等。如果配方是以液体形式提供更是如此。
婴儿配方可以选择包含其它可能具有有益作用的物质如纤维、乳铁蛋白、核苷酸、核苷等。
可以以任何适当的方式制备婴儿配方。例如，可以将蛋白原料、糖原料和脂肪原料以适当比例混合在一起制备婴儿配方。如果使用，可以将乳化剂包括在混合物中。在此时可以添加维生素和矿物质，但通常稍后再加以便避免热降解。可以在混合前将任何亲脂维生素、乳化剂等溶解于脂肪原料中。然后可以混合入水，优选接受过反渗透的水，形成液体混合物。
然后可以热处理液体混合物而减小细菌负荷。例如，可以将液体混合物迅速加热到约80℃～110℃持续约5秒到约5分钟。这可以通过蒸汽注射或热交换器，如板式热交换器执行。
然后可以通过例如闪蒸冷却将液体混合物冷却到约60℃～85℃。然后可以将液体混合物均质化；例如通过两个阶段，第一阶段约7Mpa～40MPa，第二阶段约2Mpa～14MPa。均质化的混合物可以进一步冷却以便加入热敏感成分；如维生素和矿物质。此时可以很方便地标准化均质化的混合物的pH和固体含量。
如果需要生产粉末状婴儿配方，将均质化的混合物转移到适当的干燥容器如喷雾干燥器或冷冻干燥器中并转化为粉末。此粉末应该含有小于约5wt％的含水量。
如果需要生产液体婴儿配方，将均质化的混合物装入适当的容器中，优选无菌装入。然而，液体婴儿配方也可以在容器中蒸馏提纯。执行这种性质的装入的仪器可以买到。液体婴儿配方可以以易于喂养的形式存在，具有约10～14wt％的固体含量或以浓缩物形式存在，通常固体含量为约20～26wt％。
现在具体说明本发明的特定实施例。
实施例1
a)将甜乳清蛋白浓缩物溶解于去离子水并通过将溶液与阳离子交换树脂(IMAC HP 1100E，Rohm and Haas)接触将pH调节为4.25。在8℃下用弱阴离子树脂(IMAC HP 661，Rohm & Haas，用OH-形式再生)将溶液处理约6小时。一旦pH达到约5.25并不再改变时，回收溶液。超过85％的原来存在的酪蛋白-糖-大分子肽被从溶液中去除。
b)将步骤a)的溶液在55℃的去矿物质水中标准化。将溶液加热到75℃持续20秒。通过添加Ca(OH)2和NaOH与KOH溶液将溶液的pH调整到7.5。
然后使反应混合物接受微量过滤和超滤，然后通过冻干法将其干燥并装配到金属罐中。此蛋白具有低水平赖氨酸阻断，有6.9％的阻断赖氨酸和9％的活性赖氨酸。
c)将步骤b)的蛋白与0.72wt％的L-精氨酸，0.44wt％的L-苏氨酸，和1.38wt％的L-组氨酸结合。将混合物配制为粉末状婴儿配方。
此婴儿配方有以下组成：
| 成分 | 含量 |
| 乳SNF乳清蛋白富含α-乳白蛋白的乳清蛋白原料精氨酸组氨酸脂肪乳糖维生素和矿物质 | 8-10％6-50％0-2％0.1-0.3％0-0.1％25-30％10-40％规定量 |
组合物的蛋白浓度为9.5w/w％或1.8g蛋白/100kcal。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于婴儿配方的组合物，包含乳清蛋白；酪蛋白；游离精氨酸；游离组氨酸；以及富含色氨酸的乳蛋白，游离色氨酸或其混合物。
2.权利要求1的组合物，其中乳清蛋白为去除了酪蛋白-糖-大分子肽的酸乳清蛋白或甜乳清蛋白。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物，包含约9.0～10.0w/w％的蛋白质。
4.前面任意一项权利要求的组合物，包含约1.5～3wt％的精氨酸；色氨酸和组氨酸。
5.前面任意一项权利要求的组合物，包含脂原料，糖原料和蛋白原料。
6.前面任意一项权利要求的组合物，包含非水解乳清蛋白。
7.前面任意一项权利要求的组合物，其中甜乳清蛋白基本不含乳糖。
8.前面任意一项权利要求的组合物，包含约6～50wt％的乳清蛋白和约20～40wt％的酪蛋白。
9.前面任意一项权利要求的组合物，包含约0～0.1wt％的组氨酸，约0.1～0.3wt％的精氨酸，以及约0.3～0.5wt％的色氨酸。
10.前面任意一项权利要求的组合物，包含约0.2～0.4wt％的组氨酸，约1～2wt％的精氨酸，以及约0.2～0.4wt％的色氨酸。
11.一种生产前面任意一项权利要求的组合物的方法，包含将乳清蛋白和酪蛋白与游离精氨酸；游离组氨酸；以及富含色氨酸的乳蛋白，游离色氨酸或其混合物混合在一起，并将共混的混合物均质化的步骤。
12.权利要求1到10的任意一项的组合物在生产处理营养不良的药物或营养品中的用途。
13.一种处理营养不良的方法，包含给予有效量的权利要求1到10的任意一项的组合物。
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| TWI421034B (zh) * | 2003-06-23 | 2014-01-01 | Nestec Sa | 營養組合物 |
| CN1889856B (zh) * | 2003-10-16 | 2011-03-02 | 雀巢技术公司 | 对抗化疗法和放射疗法的副作用的营养组合物 |
| CN101179953B (zh) * | 2005-05-27 | 2011-02-02 | 雷克斯基因生物科技有限公司 | 含哺乳动物初乳或乳汁的乳清级分的生长促进用食品组合物 |
| CN101317609B (zh) * | 2008-07-09 | 2013-09-25 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司 | 一种添加乳清蛋白适用于6到12个月的婴儿液态乳 |
| CN101766225B (zh) * | 2008-12-26 | 2012-11-21 | 内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司 | 含α-乳清蛋白和β-酪蛋白的婴儿配方奶粉及其制备方法 |
| CN102387715A (zh) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-03-21 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | 奶样饮料 |
| CN107646976A (zh) * | 2009-10-28 | 2018-02-02 | 维利奥有限公司 | 乳清蛋白产品及其制备方法 |
| CN108157533A (zh) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-15 | 西南大学 | 一种人乳脂类似物和婴幼儿配方乳液及其制备方法 |
| CN111867398A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2020-10-30 | Mjn 美国控股有限责任公司 | 包含乳衍生肽的营养组合物及其用途 |
| CN108813632A (zh) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-16 | 李钟� | 一种含乳铁蛋白的营养组合物及其应用 |
| CN115530283A (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-30 | 黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司 | 蛋白组合物 |
| CN115530283B (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-01-26 | 黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司 | 蛋白组合物 |
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