CN1358178A - 药用化合物 - Google Patents
药用化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1358178A CN1358178A CN00808491A CN00808491A CN1358178A CN 1358178 A CN1358178 A CN 1358178A CN 00808491 A CN00808491 A CN 00808491A CN 00808491 A CN00808491 A CN 00808491A CN 1358178 A CN1358178 A CN 1358178A
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 180
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- KCWZGJVSDFYRIX-YFKPBYRVSA-N N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N[N+]([O-])=O KCWZGJVSDFYRIX-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
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- HDFGOPSGAURCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylmaleimide Chemical compound CCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O HDFGOPSGAURCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
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- NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N albuterol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1 NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- OJLOPKGSLYJEMD-URPKTTJQSA-N methyl 7-[(1r,2r,3r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1e)-4-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(O)C\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCCCC(=O)OC OJLOPKGSLYJEMD-URPKTTJQSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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Abstract
具有通式(I)和(II)的化合物及其盐,其中s为一个等于1或2的整数,优选s=2;b0=0或1;A为一种药物的残基并且满足在本说明书中所报道的药理试验,C和C1为两个二价基团。残基B和B1的前体应该满足在本说明书中报道的药理试验。
Description
本发明涉及全身和非全身使用的新药,并涉及其组合物,该组合物用于氧化应激反应(oxidative stress)和内皮机能障碍的病例。
氧化应激反应意味着自由基或残基(radicalic)化合物的产生,自由基或残基化合物造成细胞和周围组织的伤害(病理生理学:成人和儿童疾病的生物学基础(Pathophysiology:the biological basis for diseasein adults and children),McCance & Huether 1998 48-54页)。
内皮机能障碍意味着与血管内皮有关的那些机能障碍。按照下文描述(病理生理学:成人和儿童疾病的生物学基础,McCance &Huether 1998 1025页),已知血管内皮的损伤是可以引起一系列影响各种器官和身体器官的病理过程的那些重要事件之一。
正如已知的那样,氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍与各种此后报道的病理学有关。许多药物的毒性也可以引起氧化应激反应,这极大地影响了它们的性能。
所述病理事件具有慢性的、虚弱的特征并且往往是十分典型的老年特征。正如已经描述的,在所述的病理性疾病中使用的药物显示出一种显著的恶化特性。
由氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍引起的病理学状态(存在于老年人中)的实例如下:
-对于心血管系统:在一般情况下的心肌和血管局部缺血、高血压、中风、动脉粥样硬化等。
-对于结缔组织:类风湿性关节炎和结缔组织的炎性疾病等。
-对于肺部系统:哮喘和结缔组织的炎性疾病等。
-对于胃肠系统:溃疡和非溃疡消化不良,肠道炎性疾病等。
-对于中枢神经系统:阿尔滋海默氏病等。
-对于泌尿生殖系统:阳痿、失禁。
-对于皮肤系统:湿疹、神经性皮肤炎、唑疮。
-一般性的感染性疾病(参阅:Schwarz-KB,Brady“在病毒感染期间的氧化应激反应:评论(Oxidative stress during viral infection:Areview)”Free radical Biol.Med.21/5,641-649 1996)。
另外,可认为衰老的过程是一种真正的病理性疾病(参阅病理生理学:成人和孩子疾病的生物学基础,71-77页)。
当给予患有与氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍有关的病变的患者已知药物时,显示出较低的活性和/或较高的毒性。
例如对于如抗炎药物、心血管药物、呼吸器官药物、中枢神经系统药物、骨系统药物、抗生素、泌尿生殖器药物、内分泌药物等,就会发生这种情况。
药物研究涉及寻找对上述那些病理性疾病具有改善的治疗指数(功效/毒性比)或较低的风险/利益比的新分子,其中很多药物的治疗指数降低了。实际上,在上述氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍的疾病中许多药物显示较低的活性和/或较高的毒性。
例如抗炎药,如NSAIDs和anticolitic药物,如mesalamine及其衍生物,显示出以下缺点。NSAIDs引起中毒,特别是当有机体虚弱或受到与氧化应激反应有关的疾病状态的影响时。所述疾病举例如下:年老、已存在的溃疡、已存在的胃出血、虚弱的慢性疾病,详细地说如那些影响心血管的疾病、肾脏器官的疾病、出血体质(haematiccrasis)的疾病等。(“米索前列醇降低接受非甾体抗炎药的类风湿性关节炎患者的严重胃肠道并发症,一个随机的、双盲的、安慰剂-对照试验(Misoprostol reduces serious gastrointestinal complications inpatients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.A randomized,double blind,placebo-controlledtrial)”F.E.Silverstein等,Ann.Intern.Med.123/4,241-9,1995;Martindale 31a ed.1996,73页,当代医学诊断和治疗(Current MedicalDiagnosis and Treatment)1998,431和794页)。
为了避免显著的毒性现象,在给予上述病理性疾病的患者抗炎药时只能使用比治疗所用剂量低的药物。因此,抗炎活性很差。
用于心绞痛、高血压和心率不齐治疗的β-阻滞剂显示对呼吸器官的副作用(呼吸困难、支气管收缩),因而它们可能在受到病变影响的患者中引起所述器官的问题(哮喘、支气管炎)。因此β-阻滞剂进一步使呼吸道疾病如哮喘恶化。因此,为了不进一步危害呼吸道的功能性,在哮喘病人中使用的所述药物剂量必须降低。因而使β-阻滞剂的效果大大降低。
用于预防血栓现象的抗血栓形成药物,如潘生丁、阿司匹林等,具有同样的缺点。在受到与氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍有关的病理学影响的患者中,这些药物的治疗作用或耐受性正如在阿司匹林中的情形一样被大大降低了。
将支气管扩张药如舒喘宁等用于哮喘和支气管炎并且将激活胆碱能系统的药物用于如尿失禁的病变。它们的给予可产生类似的影响心血管器官的副作用,引起心脏病患者和高血压患者的问题。如上所述心脏病和高血压是与氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍有关的病变。如上所述这些药物也显示了同样的缺点。
用于治疗呼吸器官炎症的祛痰剂和粘液溶解药物在受到上述疾病影响的患者中显示出不足。它们的给予可引起胃灼热和胃刺激,特别是在老年人中。
骨再吸收抑制剂如二膦酸盐(如阿仑膦酸盐等)是显示高胃肠毒性的药物。因此这些药物也可显示如上所述的相同缺点。
用于心血管和呼吸系统疾病的膦酸二酯酶抑制剂,如sildenafil、扎普司特的特征在于,在所的氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍的病理性疾病中具有类似的耐受性和/或功效性问题。
抗过敏的药物,如西替利嗪、montelukast等,在所述病理性疾病中出现了类似的问题,特别是对涉及它们的效果的药物而言。
抗血管紧张素药物如ACE-抑制剂,如依那普利、巯甲丙脯酸等和受体抑制剂如氯沙坦等用于心血管疾病的治疗。它们的缺点就是在上述病理性疾病中给呼吸器官带来副作用(如咳嗽等)。
抗糖尿病药物,胰岛素致敏的和降低血糖的两种类型药物,如磺酰脲类、甲磺丁脲、格列吡嗪、格列齐特、格列本脲、烟酰胺等在预防糖尿病并发症中是无效的。它们的给予会带来副作用如胃的损害。这些现象在上述病理性疾病变得更加严重。
抗生素如氨苄青霉素、克拉霉素等和抗病毒的药物、无环鸟苷等显示出涉及它们的耐受性的问题,例如,它们引起胃肠道过敏。
抗肿瘤的药物如多柔比星、柔红霉素、顺氯氨铂等对于不同的器官具有高毒性,在这些器官之中有胃和肠。所述毒性使上述氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍的病变进一步恶化。
抗痴呆的药物如烟碱和colinomimetics的特征在于具有差的耐受性,特别是在上述病变中。
意识到需要获得显示改善的治疗性能的药物,即具有较低的毒性和/或较高的功效的药物,以便可以将它们给予在氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍的病态中的患者而不显示先有技术药物的缺点。
令人惊奇地和出乎预料地发现,当对受到氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍影响的病人或通常对老年人给药时出现的上述问题,可通过下文所述的一类新的药物来解决。
本发明的一个目的就是具有以下通式(I)和(II)的化合物或它们的盐:
A-(B)bo-C-N(O)s (I)其中:s为一个等于1或2的整数,优选s=2;bo=0或1;A=R-T1-,其中
R为药物残基而
T1=(CO)t或(X)t′,其中X=O、S、NR1C,R1C为H或直链的或
支链的烷基,所述烷基具有1到5个碳原子,或为游离的价键,t
和t′为整数并等于零或1,前提是当t′=0时,t=1;当t′=1时,t
=0;B=-TB-X2-TBI-其中
TB和TBI相同或不同;
当t=0时TB=(CO),当t′=0时TB=X,X如上定义;
TBI=(CO)tx或(X)txx,其中tx和txx具有0或1的值;前提是当txx
=0时tx=1,而当txx=1时tx=0;X如上定义;
X2为一个如下定义的二价桥键基团;C为二价-TC-Y-残基,其中
当tx=0时TC=(CO),当txx=0时TC=X,X如上定义;
Y为:
其中:
nIX为一个在0和3之间的整数,优选1;
nIIX为一个在1和3之间的整数,优选1;
RTIX、RTIX′、RTIIX、RTIIX′彼此相同或不同,为H或直链的或
支链的C1-C4烷基;RTIX、RTIX′、RTIIX、RTIIX′优选为H。
Y3为至少含有一个氮原子,优选含有一个或两个氮原子的饱
和的、不饱和的或芳族杂环,所述环有5或6个原子。或Y为Y0,选自以下基团:
链烯氧基R′O,其中R′为直链或支链的可能存在的C1-C20,
优选含有1到6个碳原子,最优选2-4个,或为具有5到7
个碳原子的亚环烷基,在该亚环烷基环上的一个或多个碳原
子可以被杂原子取代,所述环可具有R′型侧链,R′如上定义;
其中R1f=H、CH3而nf为1到6的整数,优选1到4;优选Y=-Y0=R′O-,其中R′如上定义;优选R′为C1-C6烷基;其中:其中TCI和TCII相同或不同,当t=0时TCI=(CO),当t′=0时TCI=X,X如上定义;TCII=(CO)tI或(X)tII,其中tI和tII具有0或1的值;前提是当tII=0时tI=1,而当tII=1时tI=0;X如上定义;Y′如上述Y的定义,但是具有三个自由价而不是两个,优选:
其中n3和n3′具有上述的含义;
其中nf′为1到6的整数,优选1到4;其中在一个碳原子上的
其中在一个碳原子上的一个氢原子被自由价所取代;
其中R1f=H、CH3而nf为1到6的整数,优选1到4;其中在
一个碳原子上的一个氢原子被自由价所取代;
优选
,其中R′为直链或支链的C2-C4,在Y′中的
氧原子共价连接到C1式指出的自由键末端的-N(O)S基团上;B1=-TBII-X2a其中X2a为如下定义的一价基团,当tI=0时TBII=(CO),当tII=0时TBII=X,X如上定义;- X2,二价基团,为B:-TB-X2-TBI的对应前体,-TB-X2-TBI符合试验5,但不符合试验4,在前体中的TB和TBI自由价各为-OZ、-Z或
所饱和,ZI和ZII相同或不相同并且具有如下定义的Z值,这取决于TB和/或TBI=CO或X的事实,与t、t′、tx和txx的值有关;- 当b0=0时C的前体为-TC-Y-H类型,其中TC自由价为-OZ、-Z或
所饱和,ZI和ZII如上定义,符合试验5;- X2a单价基团,B1-TBII-X2a的对应前体符合试验5,但不符合试验4,前体中的TBII自由价为-OZ、-Z或
所饱和,ZI和ZII相同或不相同并且具有如下定义的Z值,这取决于TBII=CO或X的事实,与tI和tII的值有关;- 所述药物A=R-T1-满足试验1-3中的至少一个,其中自由价被如下文所指出的基团饱和:
-当t′=0时用:
-O-Z,其中Z=H或R1a,R1a为直链或可能的支链C1-C10
烷基,优选C1-C5,或用
-当t=0时用-Z饱和,其中Z如上定义,前提是所述药物不是
一个甾族化合物;
-其中试验1(NEM)是一个体内试验,在4组大鼠(每组由10只大鼠组成)中进行,对照组(两个组)和处理组(两个组)中,一组对照组和一组治疗组分别给予25mg/kg s.c.剂量的N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺(NEM),对照组用载体处理而治疗组用载体+式A=R-T1-处理,其中所述自由价如上指出是饱和的,按照相当于未接受NEM的大鼠所能耐受的最大剂量的量给予药物,即给予动物的最高剂量应是在此剂量下不显示出毒性,即例如可观察到的症状的量;当用NEM+载体+药物处理的大鼠组显示出胃肠道损害,或在用NEM+载体+药物处理的大鼠组中观察到胃肠道损害大于用载体处理的那些组,或用载体+药物处理的组,或用载体+NEM处理的组时,所述药物符合试验1,即所述药物可以用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物;
其中试验2(CIP)是一个体外试验,其中来自于脐带静脉的人内皮细胞是在标准条件下收集的,然后将其分为两组(每组重复5次),其中的一组用在培养基中浓度为10-4M的药物的混合物处理,另外一组用载体处理;然后将在培养基中浓度为5mM的氢过氧化枯烯(CIP)加入到两组中的每一组中;相对于用载体和CIP处理的组而言,如果不能获得对CIP引起的编程性细胞死亡(细胞损害)的统计学上p<0.01的显著抑制作用,所述药物满足试验2,即该药物可以用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物。
其中试验3(L-NAME)为一个在4组大鼠(每组由10只大鼠组成)中进行4周的体内试验并且接受饮用水,对照组(2个组)和治疗组(2个组)中,一组对照组和一组治疗组分别接受按照400mg/升的浓度加有N-ω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)的饮用水4周,在该4周对照组给予载体而治疗组在这4周用载体+所述药物处理,一天给予一次载体或药物+载体,按照未用L-NAME预处理的大鼠组所能耐受的最大剂量给予药物,即可以给予动物的最高剂量,在此剂量没有出现明显的毒性,即例如可观察的症状;在所述的4周后,停止供应水24小时,然后处死大鼠,在处死前1小时测量血压并在处死后测量处死大鼠血浆谷丙转氨酶(GPT),并检查胃组织;当在用L-NAME+载体+药物处理的大鼠组中,分别与仅用载体处理的组、或用载体+药物处理的组、或用载体+L-NAME处理的组比较,发现更大的肝损害(GPT的测量值更高)和/或胃和/或心血管损害(血压的测量值更高),所述药物满足试验3,即所述药物可用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物;
在试验4中,不能满足具有如上定义的饱和自由价的B或B1前体,所述试验如下:这是一个分析测定,按照10-4M浓度将部分B或B1的前体的甲醇溶液加入到DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基偕腙肼-自由基)的甲醇溶液中进行所述测定;在室温下避光保存该溶液30分钟后,在517nm波长读出试验溶液和仅含有与试验溶液相同量的DPPH的溶液的吸收度;然后通过下式的方法计算由所述前体引起的对DPPH产生残基的抑制百分率:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别为含有试验化合物+DPPH的溶液和仅含有DPPH的溶液的吸收值。
接受按照本试验的化合物的标准(criterium)如下:如果如上定义的抑制百分率是高于或等于50%,则前体化合物满足试验4;B或B1前体一定不满足实验4;
其中试验5如下:这是一个分析测定,将10-4M浓度的具有如上定义的饱和自由价的B或B1的前体的甲醇溶液或C=-TC-Y-H的甲醇溶液分批加入到由2mM脱氧核糖水溶液与100mM磷酸盐缓冲液和1mM FeII(NH4)2(SO4)2混合形成的溶液中;将该溶液在37℃恒温一小时后,按照顺序分批加入2.8%三氯乙酸水溶液和0.5M硫代巴比土酸,在100℃进行15分钟,并且在532nm读出该溶液的吸收度;通过下式的方法计算在对抗由FeII产生的残基中由B或B1的前体或C=-TC-Y-H引起的抑制百分率:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别为含有试验化合物和铁盐的溶液和仅含有铁盐的溶液的吸收度的值,当B或B1的前体或C=-TC-Y-H的如上定义的抑制百分率是高于或等于50%时,所述化合物满足试验5;前提是在式(I)化合物中、在以下条件下排除以下药物:
当bo=0和C=-TC-Y0-,如上指出其中Y0的自由价是饱和的,s=2时,式A=R-T1-(如上定义)的药物不属于以下类型:用于失禁的药物、抗血栓形成的药物(ACE-抑制剂)、前列腺素;
当bo=0和C=-TC-Y-,如上指出其中Y的自由价是饱和的,和s=2时,式A=R-T1-属于非甾体抗炎药的类型。
按照所述,排除所述药物的附加条件如下:如专利申请WO98/09948所述用于失禁的药物、如专利申请WO98/21193所述的抗血栓形成的药物(ACE-抑制剂)、如专利申请WO98/58910所述的前列腺素衍生物。也排除分别如WO95/30641、WO94/12463、WO95/09831所述的非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)。
B或B1的前体化合物(分别为式(I)和(II)中的X2或X2a基团的前体)优先选自以下类型的化合物:
氨基酸:天冬氨酸(PI)、组氨酸(PII)、5-羟基色氨酸(PIII)、4-噻唑烷甲酸(PIV)、2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸(PV)单或聚醇或硫醇:2-硫代尿嘧啶(QI)、2-巯基乙醇(QII)、esperidine(QIII)、司骨化醇(QIV)、1-α-OH维生素D2(QV)、flocalcitriol(QVI)、22-氧杂骨化三醇(QVII)、用维生素A残基酯化的维生素D3衍生物(QVIII)、式(QIX)的化合物、24,28-亚甲基-1α-羟基维生素D2(QX)、由1α,25-二羟基维生素D2衍生的化合物(QXI)、2-巯基咪唑(QXII)
按照先有技术已知的方法制备B或B1的药物前体化合物或C=-TC-Y-H的药物前体化合物并且例如描述于通过引用结合到本文中的“The Merck Index,12a Ed.(1996)”中。当可获得时,可以使用相应的异构物和光学异构物。
按照JP 93039261(见C.A.119 117617)中所述制备维生素D3与视黄酸(QVIII)的衍生物;按照EP 562,497制备式(QIX)化合物;按照EP578,494制备24,28-亚甲基-1α-羟基维生素D2(QX);按照EP549,318制备二羟基维生素D2的衍生化合物(QXI)。
鉴定与式(I)和(II)的R残基相对应的药物的试验详述如下:
试验1(NEM):评估自由基引起的氧化应激反应所造成的胃肠道损害,这类自由基是通过给予N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺(NEM)形成的(H.G.Utley,F.Bernheim,P.Hochstein“Effects of Sulphydril reagents onperoxidation in microsomes”Archiv.Biochem.Biophys.118,29-32,1967)。
将动物(大鼠)分配成以下几组(no.每组10只动物):A)对照组:10组:处理:只用载体(当通过口服给予所述药物时,用羧甲基纤维素的1%w/v水悬浮液,剂量:5ml/kg,或当胃肠外给药如通过皮下、腹膜内、静脉内或肌肉内等途径给药时用一种生理性的溶液),20组:处理:如上定义的载体+NEM,B)药物治疗组:组I:处理:载体+药物;组II:处理:载体+药物+NEM。
所述药物的给药途径为那些已知的途径,并且给药途径可以为口服或皮下、腹膜内、静脉内或肌肉内等途径。
NEM的剂量在生理溶液中为25mg/kg(皮下途径)并在1个小时后以在载体中的悬浮液形式给予所述药物,以相当于最大剂量的单剂量给药,或以未用NEM预处理的大鼠组动物所能耐受的最大剂量给药,即以在动物中没有明显的毒性的最高剂量给予所述组,对于它的症状可明显地识别时定义为毒性。24小时后处死动物,然后对胃肠道粘液的损害进行评估。
当用NEM+载体+药物处理的大鼠组显示出胃肠道损害,或在所述组中观察到胃肠道损害大于仅用载体处理的那些组显示的损害,或用载体+药物处理的组,或用载体+NEM处理的组时,所述药物满足试验1,即所述药物可以用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物;甚至采用特异试验检验时所述药物的药物治疗功效并没有显著降低。
试验2(CIP):内皮细胞抑制由氢过氧化枯烯(CIP)引起的氧化应激反应的保护参数。
按照通常的标准程序制备脐带静脉的人内皮细胞。用0.1%(重量)的胶原酶溶液填充新鲜的脐带静脉并在37℃孵育5分钟。
然后按照实施例所述用加有其它物质的媒介M 199(GIBCO,Grand Island,NY)pH7.4灌注静脉。通过离心从灌注液中收集细胞并在培养烧瓶T-75中收获所述细胞,用人粘连蛋白预处理。然后在同样的媒介中收获所述细胞,该媒介另外加有10ng/ml的牛下丘脑生长因子。当第一代细胞培养(如直接来自体内)的细胞形成一个单层融合细胞(大约8,000,000细胞/烧瓶),停止培养并且洗涤该层并使其胰蛋白酶化。将该细胞悬浮液转移到具有24孔的细胞培养板的孔中,然后将其中的一半加入同样的含有10-4M浓度药物的培养基并且在37℃、恒定的湿气中,在一个自动调温器中收获。只将来自于所述的最初次代培养物的细胞用于氢过氧化枯烯(CIP)的试验。通过形态学的检查以及通过它们对因子VIII的特异性免疫反应确认所述细胞为内皮细胞;所述培养物未显示任何来自于肌细胞或成纤维细胞的污染。
在开始试验前,移走该细胞培养基并且用在37℃温度的生理溶液仔细地洗涤该细胞层。然后在该培养基中用浓度为5mM的CIP培养该培养板的孔一小时。关于对照组(仅用CIP处理),通过测定DNA断裂变化的百分率进行细胞损害(编程性细胞死亡)的评估,在405-450nm波长评测荧光变化。每份样品重复进行5次。
关于仅用CIP处理的组,当由CIP引起的编程性细胞死亡(细胞损害)所述药物统计学上不能获得显著抑制p<0.01,所述药物满足该试验,即它可以用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物。
试验3(L-NAME):由于给予L-NAME(NW-硝基-L-精氨酸-甲酯)引起内皮机能障碍的评估J.Clin.Investigation 90,278-281,1992。
通过测定由于给予L-NAME引起的胃肠道粘液损害,肝损害和高血压评估内皮机能障碍。
按照以下所示,将动物(大鼠)分组。接受L-NAME的组用所述化合物处理4周,该化合物以400mg/升的浓度溶解在饮用水中。建立以下组(每组10只动物):A)对照组:10组:只用载体(当通过口服给予所述药物时,用羧甲基纤维素的1%w/v水悬浮液,剂量:5ml/kg,当胃肠外给药时用一种生理溶液),20组:载体+L-NAME,B)药物治疗组:30组:载体+药物;40组:载体+药物+L-NAME。
所述药物的给药途径为那些已知的途径,并且给药途径可以为口服或皮下、腹膜内、静脉内或肌肉内等途径。按照未用L-NAME预处理的大鼠组所能耐受的最大剂量给予药物,即可以给予动物的最高剂量而在此剂量没有出现明显的毒性,即可观察到的症状的毒性。每天给药一次,持续4周。
在四周处理结束时,禁止饮水并在24小时后处死该动物。
在处死前1小时测定血压,并且血压的增加用于评估血管内皮的损害。按照试验1(见实施例F1)所述评估对胃粘液的损害。在处死后通过评估谷丙转氨酶(GPT增加)测定肝损害。
当在用L-NAME+药物+载体处理的大鼠组中,分别与仅用载体处理的组、或用载体+药物处理的组、或用载体+L-NAME处理的组比较,发现更大的肝损害(GPT)和/或更高的胃损害和/或更高的心血管损害(血压),即使所述药物的药物治疗功效(采用特异试验检验所述功效)并没有显著降低,所述药物满足试验3,即所述药物可以用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物。
在上述体内试验1和3中指出的条件下,因为通常可能有效的药物剂量不能够再忍受,所述药物的治疗指数被降低。
本申请人发现,B或B1的前体不能满足此后报告的试验4,但正如所述它们满足试验5。
试验4是一个比色分析试验,B或B1的前体(分别为式(I)和(II)的X2或X2a的前体)不满足该试验。对由DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基偕腙肼)产生残基的抑制描述于M.S.Nenseter et Al.,Atheroscler.Thromb.15,1338-1344,1995。制备100uM实验物质的甲醇溶液,并且将每等份所述溶液加入到0.1M DPPH的甲醇溶液中。在室温下、避光贮存该溶液30分钟后,在517nm波长读取它们的吸收度,以及在同样浓度的对应的DPPH溶液的吸收度。测定相对于与试验溶液浓度相同的DPPH溶液的吸收度的降低。试验化合物在抑制DPPH残基的形成中的效力用下式表示:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别为含有试验化合物和DPPH的溶液与仅含有DPPH的溶液的吸收度值。当该抑制等于或大于50%时满足实验4。
试验5为一个比色分析试验,其中将0.1ml等份的10-4M浓度的试验产物的甲醇溶液加入到含有一种溶液的试管中,所述溶液由0.2ml 2mM脱氧核糖、0.4ml pH7.4的100mM磷酸盐缓冲液和0.1ml1mM FeII(NH4)2(SO4)2在2mM HCl中形成。然后在37℃保存该试管1小时。然后,在每支试管中顺序加入0.5ml 2.8%三氯乙酸水溶液和0.5ml 0.1M的硫代巴比土酸水溶液。向一支仅含有上述反应物水溶液的试管中加入0.1ml甲醇形成参比空白。关闭所述试管并在100℃的油浴中加热15分钟。出现粉红色,粉红色的强度与脱氧核糖经历基团氧化降解的量是成比例的。在室温下冷却该溶液并且相对于空白在532nm读取它们的吸收度。通过下式的方法测定在对抗由FeII产生的残基中由B或B1的前体或C=-TC-Y-H引起的抑制:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别为含有试验化合物+铁盐的溶液与仅含有铁盐的溶液的吸收度值,当由B或B1的前体或C=-TC-Y-H引起的如上定义的残基产生的抑制百分率等于或大于50%时,所述化合物满足试验5。
出乎意料地,与所述前体药物相比,在氧化应激疾病中,式(I)和(II)的本发明产物具有改良的治疗指数。
为了阐述的目的,上述试验涉及到以下化合物(见实施例):试验1:前体药物:吲哚美辛- 可以给予大鼠的最大剂量:7.5mg/kg p.o.(口服)。由于给予更高的剂量出现毒性,所述毒性表现出肠病、震颤、镇静直至死亡(在24小时内)的特征。- 用上述剂量的NEM+吲哚美辛处理的大鼠组显示出胃肠道损害。
因为,在用NEM处理的组中,吲哚美辛引起胃肠道损害,因此它满足试验1。因而,吲哚美辛可以用作制备本发明化合物(I)和(II)的药物。试验2:前体药物:吲哚美辛、对乙酰氨基酚和mesalamine
吲哚美辛和对乙酰氨基酚满足试验2,因为由CIP引起的细胞损害(编程性细胞死亡)抑制与对照组相比没有显著的差异。
因此,上述药物可以用作制备本发明化合物(I)和(II)的药物。
与此相反,mesalamine不满足试验2,因为它抑制由CIP引起的编程性细胞死亡。因此按照试验2,mesalamine不能用作制备本发明化合物(I)和(II)的前体。可是,发现满足试验1的mesalamine引起胃肠道损害。
因此,mesalamine也可以用作制备本发明化合物(I)和(II)的前体。试验3(L-NAME)前体药物:对乙酰氨基酚、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑
对乙酰氨基酚和辛伐他汀满足试验3,因为它们引起胃和肝的损害大于由L-NAME+载体引起的损害和该药物+载体引起的损害。
因此,它们可以用作制备本发明化合物(I)和(II)的前体。
与此相反,发现奥美拉唑既不引起胃损害又不引起肝损害,也不影响血压。按照试验3,奥美拉唑不能用作制备本发明化合物(I)和(II)的前体。试验4(用于B或B1的前体试验):前体化合物:N-乙酰基半胱氨酸和4-噻唑烷甲酸
在所述试验中N-乙酰基半胱氨酸100%抑制由DPPH引起的残基的产生。因为所述百分率高于50%的限量,所述药物不能用于本发明作为B或B1的前体。
4-噻唑烷甲酸完全不能抑制由DPPH引起的残基的产生(表V)。因此,按照本发明的要求,该药物不能满足试验4而如果它满足试验5则它可以用作B或B1的前体。试验5(用于B、B1和C=-TC-Y-H的前体试验):前体化合物:4-噻唑烷甲酸
涉及本试验的表III显示4-噻唑烷甲酸满足试验5,因为其抑制百分率为100%。因此该化合物可以用作B或B1的前体。
最优选Y3为在2和6位被取代的Y12(吡啶基)。所述键合也可以在不对称位,如Y12(吡啶基)也可以在2和3位发生取代;Y1(吡唑)可以被3,5-二取代。
按照式(I)和(II)的本发明化合物可以转化成为相应的盐。例如形成盐的一个方法如下:当在分子中存在一个氮原子时,它可以与等分子量的相应的有机或无机酸反应,该氮原子具有足够的碱性,在有机溶剂如乙腈、四氢呋喃中通过反应盐化。为了形成盐,在本发明化合物的结构式中优选存在式(III)的Y或Y′。
有机酸的实例有:草酸、洒石酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸。
无机酸的实例为:硝酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸。
按照本发明的衍生物可以用于治疗所述前体药物的适应症,以获得对于下文例举的这些药物组的益处:- 抗炎药物NSAIDs:本发明化合物产生十分好的耐受性和有效性,甚至当有机体衰弱和在氧化应激状态下的时候。所述药物也可以用在那些病变中,其中炎症起到一个重要的致病作用,例如但不限于在癌症、哮喘、心肌梗塞中。- 肾上腺素能阻滞剂,α-或β-型阻滞剂:式(I)化合物的作用谱比开始的药物更广:伴随直接作用于平滑肌肉组织抑制支配血管收缩的神经β-肾上腺素能信号。影响呼吸器官的副作用(呼吸困难、支气管收缩)较低。- 抗血栓形成的药物:加强了抗血小板的活性并且在阿司匹林衍生物的情况中胃的耐受性得到改善。- 支气管扩张药和激活胆碱能系统的药物:影响心血管器官的副作用(心动过速、高血压)较低。- 祛痰和粘液溶解的药物:胃肠道耐受性得到改善。- 二膦酸盐:涉及胃肠道的毒性大大地降低。- 磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂(支气管扩张药):所用剂量相等,治疗功效得到改善;因此,使用本发明的化合物可以给予较低剂量的药物并且降低所述副作用。- 抗白三烯类药物:更好的功效。- ACE抑制剂:更好的治疗功效且影响呼吸器官的副作用(呼吸困难、咳嗽)更低。- 抗糖尿病的药物(胰岛素致敏药和降血糖药物)、抗生素、抗病毒药、抗肿瘤药、anticolitic药物,治疗痴呆症的药物:更好的功效和/或耐受性。
可以用作本发明化合物通式中的前体的药物均为满足上述试验1、2、3中至少一个的药物。可以使用的前体药物的实例如下:
例如,对于抗炎药/止痛药可以提及到以下药物:
抗炎药:醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、阿司匹林、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、阿氯芬酸、阿明洛芬、氨芬酸、苄达酸、柏莫洛芬、α-甜没药萜醇、溴芬酸、溴水杨醇(bromosaligenin)、布氯酸、异丁苯丁酸、卡洛芬、桂美辛、环氯茚酸、氯吡酸、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、地他唑、苯乙氨茴酸、依托度酸、依托芬那酯、联苯乙酸、芬布芬、芬克洛酸、芬度柳、非诺洛芬、芬替酸、非普地醇、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、葡美辛、水杨酸乙二醇酯、布洛芬、异丁普生、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、三苯唑酸、依索克酸、依索昔康、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、mesalamine、甲嗪酸、莫苯唑酸萘普生、尼氟灭酸、奥沙西罗、奥沙普秦、羟布宗、帕沙米特、哌立索唑、乙酰水杨酸苯酯、奥沙拉秦、吡唑酸(pyrazolac)、吡罗昔康、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、丙替嗪酸、醋水杨胺、水杨酰胺O-乙酸、水杨基硫酸(salicylsulphuric acid)、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、琥布宗、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、噻拉米特、替诺立定、托芬那酸、托美丁、tropesin、联苯丁酸、希莫洛芬、扎托洛芬、佐美酸、托莫普罗;
镇痛药:对乙酰氨基酚、醋氨沙洛、氨基氯西诺嗪、乙酰水杨酸2-氨基-4-甲基吡啶酸、乙酰水杨酰水杨酸、阿尼利定、苯噁洛芬、苄基吗啡、5-溴水杨酸乙酸、布西汀、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、辣椒素、辛可芬、西拉马朵、氯美辛、氯尼辛、可待因、地索吗啡、地佐辛、双氢可待因、双氢吗啡、地美庚醇、地匹乙酯、依他唑辛、依托沙秦、乙基吗啡、丁香酚、夫洛非宁、磷柳酸、格拉非宁、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异丁芬酸、乳酰对乙氧苯胺(p-lactophenetide)、左啡诺、美普他酚、美他唑辛、美托酮、吗啡、纳布啡、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、喷他佐辛、非那佐辛、氨基非那西丁、苯哌利定、保泰松、水杨酸苯酯、非尼拉朵、水杨苷、水杨酰胺、醋托啡烷、曲马朵、双醋瑞因、阿克拉宁;
对于呼吸器官和泌尿生殖器官的药物(支气管扩张药和激活胆碱能系统的药物、祛痰药/粘液溶解药、镇喘药/抗过敏抗组胺药),可以提及以下药物:
支气管扩张药和激活胆碱能系统的药物:乙酰茶碱(acefylline)、沙丁胺醇、班布特罗、巴米茶碱、甲硫贝弗宁、比托特罗、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、氯喘通、二羟西君、白屈菜碱、麻黄碱、肾上腺素、依普罗醇、乙基麻黄碱、乙基去甲肾上腺素、乙羟茶碱、非诺特罗、氟托溴铵(flutoprium bromide)、海索那林、异丙脱溴铵、异他林(isoetharine)、异丙肾上腺素、马布特罗、奥西那林、奥昔布宁、氧托溴铵、吡布特罗、丙卡特罗、普罗托醇、丙羟茶碱、瑞普特罗、利米特罗、沙美特罗、索特瑞醇、特布他林、1-teobromineacetic acid、噻托溴铵、曲托喹酚、妥洛特罗、扎普司特、环戊君、NS-21、2-羟基-2,2-二苯基-N-(1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶-4-基甲基)乙酰胺;
祛痰药/粘液溶解药:氨溴索、溴己新、多米奥醇、厄多司坦、愈创木酚、愈创甘油醚、碘化甘油、来托司坦、美司钠、索布瑞醇、司替宁、萜品醇、硫普罗宁;
镇喘药/抗过敏抗组胺药:阿伐斯汀、阿洛拉胺、氨来占诺、西替利嗪、氯苯西泮、chromoglycate、chromolyn、依匹斯汀、fexofenadine、福莫特罗、组胺、羟嗪、左卡巴斯汀、洛度沙胺、马布特罗、异丙辛胺、montelukast、奈多罗米、瑞吡司特、塞曲司特、甲磺司特、特非那定、噻拉米特、漆酚、溴己新;
对于心血管药物(ACE抑制剂、β-阻滞剂、抗凝剂和血管舒张药、抗糖尿病药和降血糖药)可以提及以下药物:
ACE抑制剂:阿拉普利、贝那普利、卡托普利、西罗普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、依那普利、依那普利拉、福辛普利、咪达普利、赖诺普利、氯沙坦、莫维普利、naphthopidil、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、螺普利、替莫普利、群多普利、乌拉地尔;
β-阻滞剂:醋丁洛尔、阿普洛尔、氨磺洛尔、阿罗洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、贝凡洛尔、布库洛尔、布非洛尔、丁呋洛尔、布尼洛尔、布拉洛尔、丁非洛尔、卡拉洛尔、卡替洛尔、卡维地洛、塞利洛尔、塞他洛尔、地来洛尔、依泮洛尔、艾司洛尔、茚诺洛尔、拉贝洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美替洛尔、美托洛尔、莫普洛尔、纳多洛尔、萘肟洛尔、萘必洛尔、硝苯洛尔、尼普地洛、氧烯洛尔、喷布洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普拉洛尔、丙萘洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、硫氧洛尔、他林洛尔、特他洛尔、替利洛尔、噻吗洛尔、托利洛尔、希苯洛尔;
抗凝血药和血管舒张药:醋托啡、阿司匹林、阿加曲班、巴美生、琥珀苯呋地尔、苯碘达隆、倍他司汀、溴长春胺、丁苯碘胺、胞磷胆碱、氯苯呋醇、氯吡格雷、环扁桃酯、达肝素、双嘧达莫、氢普拉明、依诺肝素、芬地林、艾芬地尔、依洛前列素、吲哚布芬、伊波格雷、异克舒令、肝素、lamifiban、米多君(midrodine)、那屈肝素、烟醇、布酚宁、奥扎格雷、哌克昔林、苯丙醇胺、普尼拉明、罂粟林、瑞维肝素钠盐、利多格雷、舒洛地尔、替诺非君、亭扎肝素、三氟柳、烟酸占噻吨;
抗糖尿病药:阿卡波糖、氨磺丁脲、格列波脲、格列噻唑、米格列醇、瑞格列奈、曲格列酮、1-丁基-3-溴苯辛脲、托瑞司他、烟酰胺;
对于抗肿瘤的药物,涉及到以下药物:抗肿瘤的药物:安西他滨、安曲霉素、阿杂胞苷、偶氮丝氨酸、6-氮杂尿苷、比尔鲁胺、卡柔比星、嗜癌霉素、苯丁酸氮芥、氯脲菌素、阿糖胞苷、柔红霉素、地磷酰胺、地美可辛、二甲叶酸、6-二偶氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、杜康唑、去氧氟尿苷、多柔比星、屈洛昔芬、依达曲沙、依氟鸟氨酸、依诺他滨、表柔比星、环硫雄醇、依他硝唑、依托泊苷、芬维A胺、氟达拉滨、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、己烷雌酚、依达比星、氯尼达明、甘露莫司汀、美法仑、美诺立尔、6-巯基嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、二溴甘露醇、二溴卫矛醇、丝裂霉素、米托蒽醌、莫哌达醇、麦考芬酸、9-甲叶酸、诺拉霉素、紫衫醇、喷司他丁、吡柔比星、吡曲克辛、普卡霉素、鬼臼酸、卟吩姆钠、泊非霉素、丙帕锗、嘌罗霉素、雷莫司汀、维生素A酸、罗喹美克、绛色霉素、链佐星、替尼泊苷、细格孢氮杂酸、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、tomudex、托泊替堪、三甲曲沙、杀结核菌素、乌苯美司、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞宾、佐柔比星;
对于抗溃疡药,可以提及以下药物:6-乙酰氨基己酸、阿巴前列素、西曲酸酯、西咪替丁、依卡倍特、恩前列素、艾沙拉唑、伊索格拉定、米索前列醇、奥美拉唑、奥诺前列素、泮托拉唑、普劳诺托、利奥前列素、罗沙前列醇、罗曲酸、索法酮、曲莫前列素;
在抗高血脂的药物中,可以提及以下药物:atorvastatin、西司他丁、制皮菌素、降酯静、洛伐他汀、美伐他汀、制霉菌素、喷司他丁、胃酶抑素、普伐他汀钠盐(privastatin sodium salt)、辛伐他汀;
在抗生素/抗病毒的药物中,可以提及到以下药物:
抗生素:美西林、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、阿帕西林、阿哌环素、阿扑西林、叠氮氯霉酸、叠氮西林、阿洛西林、氨曲南、苯酰胺水杨酸、苄基青霉酸、比阿培南、二环霉素、卷曲霉素、羧苄西林、卡茚西林、卡芦莫南、头孢克洛、头孢氨苄、头孢孟多酯、头孢曲秦、头孢西酮、头孢唑林、头孢拉宗、头孢克定、头孢地尼、头孢托仑、头孢吡肟、头孢他美、头孢克肟、头孢甲肟、头孢美唑、头孢米诺、头孢地秦、头孢尼西、头孢哌酮、头孢雷特、头孢噻肟、头孢替坦、头孢替安、头孢西丁、头孢唑兰、头孢咪唑、头孢匹胺、头孢匹罗、头孢丙烯、头孢沙定、头孢磺啶、头孢他啶、头孢特仑、头孢替唑、头孢布烯、头孢噻呋、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢唑南、头孢乙氰钠、头孢氨苄、头孢来星、头孢噻啶、头孢菌素C、头孢噻吩、头孢匹林钠、头孢拉定、氯霉素、金霉素、西诺沙星、克拉维酸、氯甲西林、氯唑西林、环青霉素、环丝氨酸、地美环素、双氯西林、依匹西林、芬贝西林、氟氧头孢、氟氯西林、缩酮氨苄青霉素、亚胺培南、仑氨西林、劳拉卡比、赖甲环素、磺胺米隆、甲氯环素、美罗培南、美坦西林、美他环素、甲氧西林钠、美洛西林、米诺环素、拉氧头孢、莫匹罗星、堆囊粘菌素N、负霉素、新生霉素、苯唑西林、帕尼培南、青霉素G钾盐、阿地西林、阿美西林、青霉素V、非萘西林钾盐、匹哌环素、哌拉西林、吡利霉素、泊非霉素、丙匹西林、喹那西林、利替培南、罗利环素、山环素、西地霉素、大观霉素、舒巴坦、磺苄西林、替莫西林、四环素、替卡西林、替吉莫南、杀结核菌素、氮红霉素、甲红霉素、地红霉素、恩维霉素、红霉素、交沙霉素、麦迪霉素、麦迪霉素、竹桃霉素、利福布丁、利福米特、利福霉素、利福昔明、罗他霉素、螺旋霉素、醋竹桃霉素、紫霉素、维吉霉素;
阿米卡星、安普霉素、阿贝卡星、地贝卡星、双氢链霉素、氟帖霉素、庆大霉素、小诺米星、新霉素、萘替米星、巴龙霉素、核糖霉素、西索米星、大观霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、丙大观霉素;
巴氨西林、头孢卡品、新丙戊酯、头孢泊肟、proxetil、帕尼培南、匹氨青霉素、匹夫头孢氨苄、舒他西林、酞氨西林;
卡波霉素、克林霉素、林可霉素、米卡霉素、罗沙米星、环丙沙星、克林沙星、二氟沙星、依诺沙星、恩氟沙星、氟罗沙星、氟甲喹、格帕沙星、罗氟哌酸、纳地沙星、萘啶酸、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、pazufloxacin、培氟沙星、吡哌酸、吡咯米酸、芦氟沙星、斯巴沙星、托氟沙星、trovafloxacin、氯莫环素、胍甲环素、土霉素、硝呋吡醇、硝呋拉嗪、对氨基水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸酰肼、氯法齐明、脱氧双氢链霉素、乙胺丁醇、葡烟腙、异烟肼、奥匹烟肼、氨基水杨酸苯酯、利福平、利福喷汀、水杨烟肼、4,4′-硫酰二苯胺(sulfynyldianiline)、醋地砜、氨苯砜、琥珀氨苯砜、对磺胺酰基苄胺、噻唑砜、醋磺胺林、磺胺米隆、4′-(甲基氨磺酰基)sulfanilanilide、柳氮磺胺嘧啶、磺胺苯酰、磺胺醋酰、磺胺氯达嗪、磺胺柯定、磺胺西汀、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺戊烯、磺胺地索辛、磺胺多辛、磺胺乙二唑、磺胺脒、磺胺呱诺、磺胺林、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲二唑、磺胺甲氧甲嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺甲氧嗪、磺胺甲噻唑、磺胺美曲、磺胺柯衣定、磺胺噁唑、磺胺、2-对-磺胺酰基苯胺基乙醇、N4-磺胺酰基磺胺、磺胺酰基脲、N-磺胺酰基-3,4-丙谷酰胺、磺胺培林、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺普罗林、磺胺吡嗪、磺胺吡啶、磺胺异噻唑、磺胺均三嗪、磺胺噻唑、磺胺硫脲、磺胺索嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑、4-磺胺基水杨酸;负霉素、卡芦莫南、氯羟喹、硝羟喹啉、精氨酸、甲硝唑;
抗病毒的药物:阿昔洛韦、金刚烷胺、cidofovir、阿糖胞苷、双脱氧胞苷、双去氧腺苷、依度尿苷、泛昔洛韦、氟尿苷、更昔洛韦、碘苷、indanavir、乙氧丁酮醛、拉米夫定、甲氨去氧尿苷、喷昔洛韦、鬼臼毒素、利巴韦林、金刚乙烷、沙奎那韦、索利屋丁、stavudine、曲氟尿苷、伐昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、珍那佐酸、扎西他宾、齐多夫定;
在骨再吸收抑制剂(二膦酸盐)中,可以提及以下药物:阿仑膦酸、布替膦酸、依替膦酸、奥昔膦酸(oxydronic acid)、帕米膦酸、利塞膦酸;
在抗痴呆的药物中,可以提及以下药物:amiridine、拉扎贝胺、莫非吉兰、salbeluzol、奥拉西坦、ipidacrine、奈那西坦、他克林、维吖啶;
优选的物质如下:
在抗炎药中:阿司匹林、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、卡洛芬、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、酮咯芬、酮洛酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、mesalamine、萘普生、尼氟灭酸、奥沙拉秦、吡罗昔康、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、托芬那酸、托美丁、佐美酸、托莫普罗;
在止痛药中:对乙酰氨基酚、乙酰水杨酰水杨酸、苯噁洛芬、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、辣椒素、双醋瑞因、双氢可待因、乙基吗啡、丁香酚、保泰松、美普他酚、吗啡、纳布非、喷他佐辛、thiorphan、曲马朵、阿克拉宁;
在呼吸器官和泌尿生殖器官药物中(支气管扩张药和激活胆碱能系统的药物、祛痰药/粘液溶解药、镇喘药/抗过敏抗组胺药):
支气管扩张药和激活胆碱能系统的药物:沙丁胺醇、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、白屈菜碱、乙羟茶碱、非诺特罗、异丙脱溴铵、奥西那林、奥昔布宁、吡布特罗、沙美特罗、特布他林、噻托溴铵、扎普司特、环戊君、NS-21、2-羟基-2,2-二苯基-N-(1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶-4-基甲基)乙酰胺;
祛痰药/粘液溶解药:氨溴索、溴己新、愈创木酚、索布瑞醇;
镇喘药/抗过敏抗组胺药:西替利嗪、chromoglycate、组胺、左卡巴斯汀、洛度沙胺、montelukast、特非那定、溴己新;
在心血管药物中:
ACE抑制剂:卡托普利、依那普利、赖诺普利、氯沙坦、雷米普利;
β-阻滞剂:阿普洛尔、阿替洛尔、布拉洛尔、拉贝洛尔、美替洛尔、美托洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔、噻吗洛尔;
抗凝血药和血管活性药:阿司匹林、醋托啡、阿加曲班、氯吡格雷、达肝素、双嘧达莫、依诺肝素、肝素、依洛前列素、米多君、奥扎格雷、苯丙醇胺、三氟柳;
抗糖尿病药:托瑞司他、烟酰胺;
抗肿瘤药:安曲霉素、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、氟尿嘧啶、甲氨蝶呤、长春碱;
抗溃疡的药:西咪替丁、奥美拉唑、泮托拉唑;
抗血脂过多的药:洛伐他汀、普伐他汀钠盐、辛伐他汀;
在抗生素/抗病毒的药物中:
抗生素:阿莫西林、氨苄西林、氨曲南、比阿培南、羧苄西林、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢孟多、头孢曲秦、头孢西丁、克拉维酸、氯甲西林、亚胺培南、甲氯环素、美他环素、拉氧头孢、帕尼培南、舒巴坦、氮红霉素、红霉素、交沙霉素、麦迪霉素、利福布丁、利福米特、利福霉素、庆大霉素、巴龙霉素、西索米星、氨苄青霉素碳酯、卡波霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星、二氟沙星、恩氟沙星、罗氟哌酸、纳地沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、吡哌酸,
阿哌环素、氯莫环素、土霉素、硝呋吡醇、硝呋拉嗪、异烟肼、利福平、利福喷汀、氨苯砜、噻唑砜、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺噁唑、甲硝唑、精氨酸;
抗病毒的药物:阿昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、利巴韦林、阿糖腺苷、齐多夫定;
在骨再吸收抑制剂中:阿仑膦酸、依替膦酸、帕米膦酸。
在抗痴呆的药物中:奥拉西坦、他克林、维吖啶。
按照先有技术熟知的方法制备上述物质,即前体。例如,见通过引用结合到本文中的“The Merck Index,12a Ed.(1996)”。当可获得时,可以使用相应的异构物,包括光学异构物。
按照描述于EP12,866中的方法获得托莫普罗。
用下述合成方法制备式(I)和(II)化合物。
每种方法反应的选择取决存在于前体药物分子中、在B或B1的前体化合物中和在C的前体化合物中的反应基团,如上所述B或B1可以是二价的或一价的。
用先有技术所熟知的方法进行所述反应,该反应可在如前定义的前体药物、B或B1的前体药物和C的前体化合物中获得键合。
当前体药物的反应官能团(如-COOH,-OH)参与共价键(如酯、酰胺、醚型)时,所述官能团可以用先有技术所熟知的方法恢复。
以下报道获得本发明化合物的一些合成方案:A)式(I)化合物的合成
1.通过所述前体药物与B的化合物前体之间的反应获得的化合物的合成
1a.当所述药物具有通式R-COOH并且B的前体化合物的官能团(其自身连接到该药物羧基官能团上)具有式XZ时,X如前定义和Z=H,进行的反应取决存在于B的前体化合物中的第二反应基团(second reactive group)的特性。
1a.1当存在于B的前体化合物中的第二反应基团为羧基基团时,合成的常规方案预期首先形成R-COHal酸(Hal=Cl,Br)的卤化物,接着与B的前体化合物的HX基团反应:
当在所述的两个反应化合物中存在其它官能团COOH和/或HX时,必须在反应前按照本领域已知的方法将它们保护起来;例如按照由Th.W.Greene编辑的书籍:“有机合成中的保护基团”HarwardUniversity Press,1980中所述。
按照先有技术已知的方法制备RCOHal酰基卤,例如由亚硫酰氯或草酰氯、PIII或PV的卤化物在惰性溶剂如甲苯、氯仿、DMF等中、在所述反应条件下制备。
具体地说,如果B的前体化合物中的HX基团为NH2、OH或SH,按照以上所述,首先将式R-COOH的前体药物转化为相应的酰基卤化物RCOHal,然后在有机碱如三乙胺、吡啶等的存在下、在0-25℃的温度范围内、在所述反应条件下、在惰性溶剂如甲苯、四氢呋喃等中与B的前体化合物的HX基团反应。
作为前述合成的一种选择,在如DMF、THF、氯仿等的溶剂中、在-5℃-50℃的温度范围内、可以用一种激活羧基基团的物质处理式R-COOH的前体药物,所述试剂选自N,N′-羰基二咪唑(CDI)、N-羟基苯并三唑和二环己基碳化二亚胺,并且使获得的化合物与B的前体化合物中的反应官能团原位反应获得式(IA.1)化合物。
1a.2当B的前体化合物含有两个官能团XZ时,这两个官能团彼此相同或不同,X如前定义和Z=H时,首先用一种如上在1a.1中所述的激活羧基基团的物质处理具有式R-COOH的前体药物,然后在对两个反应基团HX中的一个进行保护后,例如通过与乙酰基或叔丁氧基羰基反应进行保护后,与B的前体化合物反应,在合成结束时恢复最初的官能团。该方案如下:
---→ R-T1-TB-X2-XH (IA.2)其中X、T1、TB、X2如前定义而G为HX官能团的保护基团。2.硝酰氧基(nitroxy)衍生物的合成。2a.1当在前面1a步骤结束获得的化合物具有通式(IA.1)时,可以将该酸转化为相应的钠盐,然后按照已知的先有技术的方法,例如按照以下合成方案之一制备最终的化合物:A.) R-T1-TB-X2-COONa+R4-X1-R3---→
R-T1-TB-X2-TBI-TC-Y-NO2其中T1、TB、X2、TBI、TC如前定义,R4选自Cl、Br,Y如前定义,X1为没有氧原子的Y残基,R3为Cl、Br、碘、OH。当R3=OH时,使所述式(1A.1b)化合物卤化,例如用PBr3、PCl5、SOCl2、PPh3+I2卤化,然后在如乙腈、四氢呋喃的有机溶剂中与AgNO3反应。如果R3为Cl、Br、碘,所述式(1A.1b)化合物如上所述直接与AgNO3反应。B.) C.)R-T1-TB-X2-COCl+R5-X1-R3-→R-T1-TB-X2-TBI-TC-X1-R3 (1A.1C) 其中R5=OH或NHR1C、R1C、R3而其它符号如前定义。
在先有技术中以上所示的反应是众所周知的。例如见本申请人的专利申请WO94/12463、WO95/09831和WO95/30641。
当X1为直链C4烷基时,使相应的酸R-T1-TB-X2-COOH在卤化试剂如CBr4或N-溴琥珀酰亚胺的存在下、在四氢呋喃中与三苯基膦反应,得到其中R3=Br的化合物(1A.1c)。
2a.2当在前面1a步骤结束获得的化合物具有通式(IA.2)时,通过如1A.1中所述,先后依次用一种活化羧基基团的试剂和式(IA.2)化合物处理式Hal-X1-COOH的卤基-羧酸,其中X1如前定义,获得一种卤素衍生物,分离该衍生物,然后将其溶解在有机溶剂中,(参阅段落2a.1),并且用硝酸银处理,获得相应的硝酰氧基衍生物。整个反应方案如下:
R-T1-TB-X2-TBI-TC-Y-NO2其中T1、TB、X2、TBI、TC、Y如前定义。
或者,可以用卤化物Hal-X1-COCl与式(IA.2)化合物反应,其中Hal优选为溴。
1b.当药物前体具有反应官能团HX而不是羧基时,其中X如前定义,在B的前体化合物中存在的两个官能团可以为如下的官能团:
1b.1羧基基团,它与药物前体的HX官能团反应,和HX基团,B的前体化合物中的后一反应基团,与药物前体的官能团相同或不同。
B的前体化合物的结构式为H-X-X2-COOH型,其中X和X2如前定义。按照先有技术已知的方法保护B的前体化合物的H-X-官能团并如上所述按照以下方案使羧基基团发生反应:
1b.2当B的前体化合物含有两个羧基基团时,在前面1a.1所述的条件下,它与等摩尔量的活化羧基基团的物质反应,然后与药物前体分子的反应官能团HX反应。存在于所述两种化合物中的HX型的可能的其它反应官能团必须按照前述方法进行保护。最后获得式R-T1-TB-X2-COOH(1B.2)的化合物。
2b.硝酰氧基衍生物的合成。
2b.1为了由在1b.1中所述的合成结束时获得的式R-T1-TB-X2-X-H(1B.1)化合物作为原料获得最终的硝酰基衍生物,使该(1B.1)化合物与式Hal-X1-COOH的卤代酸反应,该卤代酸已经按照上文段落1a.1中所述处理,或与相应的卤代酸的酰氯反应。将产生的化合物溶解在一种如乙腈或四氢呋喃的有机溶剂中,并与硝酸银反应。
2b.2为了由在1b.2中所述的合成结束时获得的式R-T1-TB-X2-COOH(1B.2)化合物作为原料获得最终的硝酰基衍生物,将所述酸转变为对应的钠盐,该钠盐与R4-X1-R3化合物反应,该化合物已在前面段落2a.1的反应A方案中定义,按照相同的方法获得其中所述的最终硝酰基衍生物。作为选择,当X1为直链C4烷基时,在卤化试剂如CBr4或N-溴琥珀酰亚胺的存在下、在四氢呋喃中,所述酸(1B.2)与三苯基膦反应并将产生的化合物溶解在如乙腈、四氢呋喃的有机溶剂中与硝酸银反应。
2b.3作为按照1b.1和2b.1的合成方法的一种替代方法,这也是可能的,即在第一步B HX-X2-COOH的前体化合物的HX-官能团与式Hal-X1-COCl的卤代酸的酰氯反应,其中Hal优选为Br,然后使如此获得的化合物的羧基官能团与药物前体R-HX反应。在第三步和最后一步,按照描述于2b.1中的方法,用-ONO2取代-Hal基团。该反应方案如下:
HX-X2-COOH+Hal-X1-COCl---→Hal-X1-TC-TBI-X2-COOH 其中TC、TBI、TB、T1、X2、XI、Y如前定义。
在前面的方案中,作为一种选择,所述硝化可以地在式(2B.3)的酸化合物上进行。B)式(II)化合物的合成
1a.当所述药物前体具有式R-COOH并且B1的前体化合物仅含有一个式XH的官能性反应基团(X如前定义)时,首先将R-COOH转化为相应的酰基卤化物,或按照1a.1所述用活化羧基基团的物质处理,然后与卤代酸化合物的HX官能团反应,所述官能团与存在于B1的前体化合物中的官能团相同或不同,所述卤代酸具有下式:其中X1′为如上定义的没有氧原子的Y′,通过它连接-NO2基团,X和Hal如前定义。
化合物(IIA.1)可以用先有技术的已知方法获得。例如当X=NH时,可以由相应的羟基-氨基酸获得,通过相应的叔丁氧基羰基衍生物保护(amini)基团并按照在2a.1中卤化化合物(1A.1b)所述将羟基官能团转化为卤素基团。该化合物中游离的羧基官能团产生于与该药物前体分子的反应,按照前面在1a.1中对R-COOH酸与B的前体化合物之间反应的阐述,所述游离羧基官能团与存在于B1的前体化合物分子中的官能团反应。在最后一步,通过将AgNO3加入到该化合物的有机溶剂中,用ONO2基团取代存在于基团X′1中的卤原子(Hal)。该反应方案如下,由RCOCl酰卤作为示例性原料:
当所述药物前体和B1的前体化合物每个皆含有通式XH的反应基团时,在所述两个分子的每一个分子中的两个基团彼此相同或不同,其中X如上定义,该合成可以从下式的卤代二酸化合物开始进行:X′1如上定义,按照在2a.1中卤化化合物(1A.1b)所述,由相应的羟基二酸制备所述化合物。在前面描述于1a.1的条件下,用等摩尔量的活化羧基基团的物质处理该卤代二酸化合物,然后使其与药物前体分子中的反应官能团反应。在随后的步骤中,按照前面第一步所进行的,用活化剂处理第二个羧基官能团,并且按照以下方案与B1的前体化合物反应: 然后按照以上所述用ONO2基团取代卤原子。3.式(I)的亚硝基(s=1)衍生物的合成。3a.1在一种由水与四氢呋喃的混合物形成的溶剂中、在盐酸的存在下,使其中R3=OH的式(1A.1b)化合物与亚硝酸钠反应。在先有技术中广泛地阐述了该反应。该通用方案如下:
按照本领域众所周知的方法将本发明的目标化合物和常规的赋形剂配制成用于胃肠外、口服和局部使用的相应的药用组合物;例如见书籍“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 15a Ed”。
在这些制剂中,与使用的相应的前体药物相比,以摩尔计的所述活性成分的量是相同的,或更低。
每日给予的剂量为所述前体药物的剂量,或任选较低的剂量。可以在本领域的出版物中发现所述日剂量,例如在“Physician’s Deskreference”中。
下列实施例的目的是阐述本发明,而不应认为是限制本发明。实施例1由氟比洛芬(式IX)起始来合成3-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1′-联苯基)-4-乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯(NO-氟联苯丙酸),化合物NCX 2002并且B的前体为(L)-4-噻唑烷甲酸(式PIV)a)3-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1′-联苯基)-4-乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸的合成
向冷却至0℃的2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1′-联苯基)-4-乙酸(10g,41mmoles)在甲苯(100ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10ml)的溶液中加入乙二酰氯(3.52ml,82mmoles)。在室温2小时后,在减压下蒸发该溶液。将获得的残余物溶解于丙酮(50ml)中并将该溶液加入到冷却至0℃的4-噻唑烷甲酸(5.44g,41mmoles)和三乙胺(14.9ml,106mmoles)的丙酮(50ml)溶液中。2小时后,用4N HCl酸化该溶液,在真空下浓缩,用乙酸乙酯处理该残余物并且首先用2N HCl,然后用水洗涤有机相。用硫酸钠使有机相脱水并在减压下蒸发。通过用乙酸乙酯/正己烷结晶,以白色固体的形式获得9.4g预期的产物,m.p.142℃-147℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.74-7.62(4H,m)、7.35(2H,t)、7.18-7.13(2H,m)、5.06(1H,m)、4.63(1H,d)、4.42(1H,d)、4.14(1H,q)、3.13(2H,m)、1.53(3H,d)。b)3-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1′-联苯基)-4-乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(溴丁基)酯的合成
向在前面步骤a)所获得的酸(9.43g,26.24mmoles)的四氢呋喃(150ml)溶液中加入三苯膦(13.76g,52.49mmoles)和四溴化碳(17.4g,52.49mmoles)。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物24小时。在减压下通过蒸发除去溶剂。获得的粗产物通过硅胶层析纯化,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯8/2洗脱,获得油状物形式的所述酯2.25g。c)3-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1′-联苯基)-4-乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯的合成
向前一步骤结束时末获得的酯(2.6g,5.26mmoles)的乙腈(20ml)溶液中加入硝酸银(1.07g,6.3mmoles)。在回流下避光加热该反应混合物4小时。通过过滤移去所形成的盐并在减压下蒸发该溶液。获得的残余物通过硅胶层析纯化,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯7/3洗脱。获得为油状物形式的0.84g 3-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1′-联苯基)-4-乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯
1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.56-7.09(8H,m)、5.77(1H,dd)、4.67(2H,d)、4.51(2H,t)、4.24(2H,t)、4.15(1H,q)、3.30-3.17(2H,m)、1.74-1.70(4H,m)、1.52(3H,d)。
实施例2由萘普生(式VI)合成3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯(NO-萘普生)(NCX 2001)及B的前体为(L)-4-噻唑烷甲酸(式PIV)a)3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)噻唑烷-4-甲酸的合成
向冷却至0℃的6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酸(4.02g,17.5mmoles)在甲苯(30ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.3ml)的溶液中加入乙二酰氯(2.92ml,34.06mmoles)。在室温2小时后,在减压下蒸发该溶液。将获得的残余物溶解于丙酮(50ml)中并将该溶液加入到冷却至0℃的4-噻唑烷甲酸(2.33g,17.5mmoles)和三乙胺(6.34ml,45.5mmoles)的丙酮(50ml)溶液中。2小时后,用4N HCl酸化该溶液,在真空下浓缩,用乙酸乙酯处理该残余物并且首先用2N HCl,然后用水洗涤有机相。用硫酸钠使有机相脱水并在减压下蒸发。以白色固体的形式获得4.43g预期的产物,m.p.165℃-168℃。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.75-7.66(3H,m)、7.34(1H,d)、7.14-7.11(2H,m)、5.14(1H,m)、4.80-4.61(2H,m)、4.07(1H,q)、3.91(3H,s)、3.30-3.23(2H,m)、1.53(3H,d)。b)3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(溴丁基)酯的合成
向前一步骤a)所获得的酸(4g,11.6mmoles)的四氢呋喃(50ml)溶液中加入三苯膦(6.07g,23.1mmoles)和四溴化碳(7.66g,23.2mmoles)。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物24小时。在减压下通过蒸发除去溶剂。通过硅胶层析,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯7/3洗脱,纯化获得的粗产物。以油状物的形式获得所述酯2.25g。c)3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯的合成
向前一步骤结束后获得的酯(2g,4.16mmoles)的乙腈(20ml)溶液中加入硝酸银(0.85g,5mmoles)。在回流下避光加热该反应混合物5小时。通过过滤移去所形成的盐并在减压下蒸发该溶液。通过在硅胶上的色谱法,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯7/3洗脱纯化获得的残余物。以油状物的形式获得0.99g 3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.66(3H,m)、7.38(1H,m)、7.15(2H,m)、5.06(1H,dd)、4.66(2H,d)、4.51(2H,t)、4.25(2H,t)、3.98(1H,q)、3.92(3H,s)、3.13(2H,d)、1.84(4H,m)、1.53(3H,d)。
实施例3由萘普生(式VI)合成3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)-(R)-2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯(NCX 2150)及B的前体为(L)-2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸(式PV)a)3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)-(R)-2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸的合成
向冷却至0℃的6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酸(7.0g,30.4mmoles)在甲苯(100ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10ml)的溶液中加入乙二酰氯(5.23ml,61mmoles)。在室温2小时后,在减压下蒸发该溶液。将获得的残余物的溶液溶解于四氢呋喃(50ml)中并加入冷却至-10℃的由2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸(4.07g,27.6mmoles)、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.84g,6.9mmoles)、三乙胺(7.69ml,55.2mmoles)在四氢呋喃(50ml)中组成的混合物。在室温下放置该反应混合物24小时。用5%HCl,然后用水洗涤该反应混合物。用硫酸钠使有机相脱水并在减压下蒸发。通过在硅胶上层析,用二氯甲烷/甲醇95/5洗脱,纯化获得的残余物。以无定形的固体形式获得6.79g预期的产物。b)3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)-(R)-2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(溴丁基)酯的合成
向3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)-(R)-2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸(6.79g,18.9mmoles)的四氢呋喃(100ml)溶液中加入三苯膦(9.91g,37.8mmoles)和四溴化碳(12.53g,37.8mmoles)。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物16小时,然后在减压下通过蒸发除去溶剂。通过硅胶层析,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯7/3洗脱,纯化获得的粗产物。以油状物的形式获得所述酯1.83g。c)3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)-(R)-2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯的合成
向前一步骤末获得的酯(1.7g,3.44mmoles)的乙腈(20ml)溶液中加入硝酸银(0.82g,4.81mmoles)。在回流下避光加热该反应混合物6小时。通过过滤移去所形成的盐并在减压下蒸发该溶液。通过硅胶层析,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯7/3洗脱,纯化获得的残余物。以油状物的形式获得0.77g 3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)-(R)-2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.74-7.67(3H,m)、7.47(1H,m)、7.14-7.10(2H,m)、5.28(1H,dd)、4.12-3.91(5H,m)、3.90(3H,s)、3.63(1H,dd)、3.33(1H,dd)、1.55(3H,d)、1.30-1.23(4H,m)。
实施例4[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]-苯乙酰基氧基]-(L)-组氨酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯的合成其中本发明化合物的前体药物为式(XXIX)的双氯芬酸并且B的前体化合物为式(PII)的(L)-组氨酸:a)[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]-苯乙酰基氧基]-(L)-组氨酸的合成
在搅拌下,向冷却至0℃的双氯芬酸(3g,10.13mmoles)的四氢呋喃(50ml)溶液中加入1,1′-羰基二咪唑(1.69g,10.13mmoles)。在10分钟后,用(L)-组氨酸(1.57g,10.13mmoles)处理该溶液并在室温下搅拌4小时。在真空下浓缩该反应混合物,用二氯甲烷处理,然后依次用1%HCl和水洗涤。用硫酸钠使有机相脱水并在真空下蒸发。通过硅胶柱纯化,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,纯化获得的残余物。获得[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰基氧基](L)-组氨酸。b)[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰基氧基](L)-组氨酸4-溴丁基酯的合成
在搅拌下,向[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰基氧基](L)-组氨酸(5g,11.54mmoles)的四氢呋喃(100ml)溶液中加入三苯膦(9.08g,34.62mmoles)和四溴化碳(11.48g,34.62mmoles)。在室温放置该反应混合物24小时,然后在减压下,通过蒸发移去溶剂。通过硅胶层析,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯1/1洗脱,纯化获得的粗产物。获得(S)-[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰基氧基](L)-组氨酸4-溴丁基酯。c)[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰基氧基](L)-组氨酸4-硝酰氧基丁酯的合成
向[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰基氧基](L)-组氨酸4-溴丁酯(3g,5.28mmoles)的乙腈(30ml)溶液中加入硝酸银(1.79g,10.56mmoles)。在回流下避光加热该反应混合物6小时。通过过滤移去所形成的盐并在减压下蒸发该溶液。通过硅胶层析,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯1/1洗脱,纯化获得的残余物。获得[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰基氧基](L)-组氨酸4-硝酰氧基丁酯。产率35%
实施例55-[[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基]氨基]-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶的合成其中本发明化合物的前体药物为式(XXXV)的他克林(9-氨基四氢吖啶)并且桥连基团B的前体化合物为式(RI)的琥珀酸:a)琥珀酸4-氯丁基一酯的合成
在搅拌下,向冷却至0℃的琥珀酸酐(2g,19.98mmoles)的氯仿(30ml)溶液中加入N,N′-二环己基碳化二亚胺(4.2g,20.35mmoles)和4-甲基氨基吡啶(100mg,0.8mmoles)。30分钟后加入4-氯丁醇(2.1g,19.35mmoles)。在搅拌下,在室温放置该反应混合物7小时,然后用5%HCl酸化并用乙酸乙酯萃取。用盐水洗涤有机相,用硫酸钠使脱水并在减压下蒸发。通过硅胶柱层析,用二氯甲烷/甲醇8/2洗脱,纯化该粗产物。获得琥珀酸4-氯丁基一酯。b)5-[[4-氧代-(4-氯丁氧基)丁酰基]氨基]-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶的合成
在搅拌下,向冷却至0℃的琥珀酸4-氯丁基一酯(2.9g,10.02mmoles)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(30ml)溶液中加入N,N′-二环己基碳化二亚胺(2.2g,10.66mmoles)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(100mg,0.8mmoles)。5分钟后加入他克林(2g,10.08mmoles)。该反应混合物在室温放置24小时,然后用5%HCl酸化并用乙酸乙酯萃取。用盐水洗涤有机相,用硫酸钠使脱水并在减压下蒸发。通过硅胶层析,用二氯甲烷/甲醇8/2洗脱,纯化该粗产物。获得5-[[4-氧代-(4-氯丁氧基)丁酰基]氨基]-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶。c)合成5-[[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基]氨基]-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶
在搅拌下向5-[[4-氧代-(4-氯丁氧基)丁酰基]氨基]-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶(3g,7.71mmoles)的乙腈(50ml)溶液中加入硝酸银(1.79g,10.56mmoles)。在回流下避光加热该反应混合物36小时。通过过滤移去所形成的盐并在减压下蒸发该溶液。通过硅胶柱层析,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,纯化获得的残余物。获得5-[[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基]氨基]-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶。产率27%。实施例6[4-氨基-[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基]-1-羟基亚丁基]二膦酸的合成其中本发明化合物的前体药物为式(XXXVI)的阿仑膦酸并且桥连基团B的前体化合物为式(RI)的琥珀酸:
按照实施例5报道的合成方法合成该化合物。产率19%。
实施例7[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基4-(2-氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)-甲基氨基]环己醇酯的合成其中本发明化合物的前体药物为式(XII)的氨溴索和桥连基团B的前体化合物为式(RI)的琥珀酸:a)4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]反式环己醇的合成
在搅拌下向4-[(2-氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇(5g,13.22mmoles)在二噁烷(35ml)和水(50ml)的混合物中加入三乙胺(3.31ml,23.7mmoles)和二碳酸二叔丁酯(3.46g,15.86mmoles)。24小时后在真空下浓缩该溶液,用1%HCl处理直到溶液具有中性的pH,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。用硫酸钠使有机相脱水并在真空下蒸发。获得4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇,其可不经进一步纯化而直接使用。b)[4-氧代-(4-氯丁氧基)丁酰基-4-(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)-甲基氨基]环己醇酯的合成
在搅拌下向琥珀酸4-氯丁基一酯(4g,19.18mmol)的四氢呋喃(40ml)溶液中加入1,1′-羰基二咪唑(3.4g,20.96mmoles)。在10分钟后用4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇(9.8g,20.5mmoles)处理该溶液并在室温放置4小时。在真空下浓缩该反应混合物,用二氯甲烷处理,然后依次用1%HCl和水洗涤。用硫酸钠使有机相脱水并在真空下蒸发。通过硅胶柱层化,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯1/1洗脱,纯化获得的残余物。获得[4-氧代-(4-氯丁氧基)丁酰基-4-(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)-甲基氨基]环己醇酯。c)[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基-4-(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯的合成
在搅拌下向[4-氧代-(4-氯丁氧基)丁酰基-4-(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯(4g,5.98mmoles)的乙腈(70ml)溶液中加入硝酸银(1.5g,8.83mmoles)。在回流下避光加热该反应混合物24小时。通过过滤移去所形成的盐并在减压下蒸发该溶液。通过硅胶层析,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯7/3洗脱,纯化获得的残余物。获得[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基-4-(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯。d)[4-[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基](2-氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯的合成
在搅拌下,向冷却至0℃的[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基-4-(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)-甲基氨基]环己醇酯(3.2g,4.6mmoles)的乙酸乙酯(50ml)溶液中加入乙酸乙酯/HCl 5N(6.5ml)。在0℃放置该溶液4小时,过滤沉淀。用乙酸乙酯和5%碳酸氢钠,然后用水处理获得的粗产物。用硫酸钠使有机相脱水并在减压下蒸发。获得[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基-4-(2-氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯。产率17%。药理学试验
实施例急性毒性
通过给予一组10只体重20g的大鼠单剂量的每种试验化合物评估急性毒性,以羧甲基纤维素2%w/v的水悬浮液通过套管口服给药。
保持观察所述动物14天。即使在给予100mg/kg的剂量之后,该组动物没有一只出现毒性症状。实施例F1试验1-采用N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺(NEM)的体内试验模型:研究一些被筛选为本发明化合物前体的药物的胃可耐受性。
将动物(大鼠,体重大约200g)分配到以下几组中(No.每组10只动物):A)对照组:10组:处理:只用载体(当通过口服给予所述药物时,用羧甲基纤维素的1%w/v水悬浮液,剂量:5ml/kg,或当胃肠外途径给药时用生理溶液),20组:处理:载体+NEM,B)给予每种药物的组:组I:处理:载体+药物;组II:处理:载体+药物+NEM。
在该试验中所测定的药物如下(表I):吲哚美辛、氨溴索、mesalamine、阿仑膦酸钠、他克林、奥美拉唑、米索前列醇。
通过口服给予吲哚美辛、氨溴索和阿仑膦酸盐,通过结肠(直肠)内途径给予mesalamine,通过皮下途径给予他克林、奥美拉唑、米索前列醇。
通过上述途径给予未用NEM处理的动物每种物质从而测定最大耐受剂量,结果见表I。用比表上更高的剂量,在动物中出现肠病、腹泻、抑郁、震颤和镇静。
在所述试验模型中,首先以在生理溶液中25mg/kg的剂量通过皮下注射NEM处理动物。一个小时后以在载体中的悬浮液给予所述药物。24小时后处死动物并且通过计算在每组内根据视觉观察胃受到损害的大鼠的数目对胃肠道粘膜的损害进行评估。然后所述大鼠的总数除以该组大鼠的总数并乘上100。在表I中报告了如此获得的百分率。该表显示在用所述药物处理而未用NEM处理的大鼠组中,未检测到胃损害。
在给予以下药物后组II的所有大鼠(用NEM处理)显示胃损害:吲哚美辛、氨溴索、mesalamine、阿仑膦酸钠、他克林。因此所述药物可以用于合成本发明的产物。
根据试验1提供的结果,奥美拉唑和米索前列醇不能用于制备本发明的产物。
实施例F2试验2(体外):在某些筛选为本发明化合物的前体的药物存在下抑制在内皮细胞中由CIP引起的编程性细胞死亡(DNA断裂)。
以下前体药物已被试验(表II):吲哚美辛、对乙酰氨基酚、氯吡格雷、舒喘宁、氨溴索、阿仑膦酸钠、白屈菜碱、西替利嗪、依那普利、烟酰胺、氨苄青霉素、阿昔洛韦、mesalamine、他克林、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑。
按照标准方法制备脐带静脉的人内皮细胞。用0.1%(重量)的胶原酶溶液填充新鲜的脐带静脉并在37℃孵育5分钟。
接着用含有0.1%(重量/体积)胶原酶的pH7.4的媒介M 199(GIBCO,Grand Island,NY)灌注静脉,所述媒介加有10%胎牛血清(10mcg/ml)、肝素钠(50mcg/ml)、thimidine(2.4mcg/ml)、谷酰胺(230mcg/ml)、青霉素(100UI/ml)、链霉素(100mcg/ml)和链霉素B(0.125mcg/ml)。通过在800rpm离心从灌注液中收集所述细胞并在培养烧瓶T-75中收获所述细胞,用人纤连蛋白预处理。然后在同样的媒介中收获细胞,该媒介另外加有牛下丘脑生长因子(100ng/ml)。当原代细胞培养的细胞(如直接从离体的脐带静脉移出的细胞)形成一层融合细胞(大约8,000,000个细胞/烧瓶),停止收获并且洗涤该层并使其胰蛋白酶化。将该细胞悬浮液转移到具有24孔的细胞培养板的孔中,所述孔的一半加入含有10-4M浓度药物的同样培养基并且在37℃、恒定的湿气(90%)、CO2=5%中,在一个自动调温器中收获。当药物不溶于该培养基时,将其预先溶解于少量的二甲基亚砜中。可以加到培养基中的二甲基亚砜的最大量为0.5%。只将来自于这些最初次代培养物的细胞用于氢过氧化枯烯(CIP)的试验。通过形态学的检查以及通过它们对因子VIII的特异性免疫反应鉴定所述细胞为内皮细胞;所述培养物未显示任何来自于肌细胞或成纤维细胞的污染。
在开始试验前,移走该细胞培养基并且在37℃下用含0.1M(pH7.0)的标准磷酸盐缓冲的生理溶液仔细地洗涤该细胞层。然后用在该培养基中浓度为5mM的CIP悬浮液孵育每个孔的内容物一小时。相对于仅用CIP处理的对照组而言,通过测定在含有药物+CIP的培养物中DNA断裂变化的百分率进行细胞损害(编程性细胞死亡)的评估。通过用一个BX60 Olympus显微镜(Olympus Co.,Roma)在设定的405-450nm波长内评测试验样品相对于对照品的光密度的荧光改变来测定所述DNA断裂变化的百分率。每份样品的荧光度重复测定5次。用t student检验(p<0.01)进行统计学评估。
结果见表II并显示吲哚美辛、对乙酰氨基酚、氯吡格雷、沙丁胺醇、阿仑膦酸钠、白屈菜碱、西替利嗪、依那普利、烟酰胺、氨苄西林、阿昔洛韦、他克林(9-氨基四氢丫啶)、奥美拉唑不能显著抑制编程性细胞死亡;因此,这些药物可以用于制备本发明的产物。
相反氨溴索、mesalamine和辛伐他汀抑制编程性细胞死亡。因此,基于试验2的结果,这些化合物不能用于制备本发明的产物。
实施例F3试验3-在体内模型中用NW-硝基-L-精氨酸-甲酯(L-NAME)的实验:某些筛选为本发明化合物前体的药物的胃的耐受性(胃肠道损害的发生率)、肝(GPT剂量,谷丙转胺酶)和心血管(血压)的耐受性。
该试验采用的实验模型按照J.Clin.Investigation 90,278-281,1992进行。
通过测定由于给予L-NAME对胃肠道粘膜所造成的损害、肝损害(GPT增加)和血管内皮或心血管损害如高血压评估内皮功能障碍。
按照以下所述将动物(大鼠,平均重量200g)分组。接受L-NAME的动物组用以400mg/升的浓度溶解于饮用水的所述化合物处理4周。建立以下各组(每组10只动物):A)对照组:10组:处理:只用载体(当通过口服给予所述药物时,用1%w/v羧甲基纤维素的水悬浮液,剂量:5ml/kg,或当胃肠外途径给药时用生理溶液),20组:处理:载体+L-NAME,B)药物处理组:30组:处理:载体+药物;40组:处理:载体+药物+L-NAME。
用于该试验的药物为对乙酰氨基酚、多柔比星、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑和米索前列醇。每种药物每天给药一次,给药4周。
在对未处理的动物的按比例增加的分开剂量的实验中,通过评估动物中如肠病、腹泻、抑郁、震颤、镇静的症状的出现测定给予动物的药物的最大耐受量。
在四周末,禁水并在24小时后处死动物。
在处死前1小时测定血压,并且血压的增加用作血管内皮发生损害的指标。
按照前面的试验1(见实施例F1)所述评估对胃粘膜的损害。在处死后通过评估谷丙转氨酶(GPT增加)测定肝损害。
当在用L-NAME+药物+载体处理的大鼠组,分别与仅用载体处理的组、或用载体+药物处理的组、或用载体+L-NAME处理的组比较,发现更大的肝损害(较高的GPT值)和/或更高的胃损害和/或更高的心血管损害(较高的血压)时,所述药物满足试验3并因此可以用于制备本发明的化合物。
该试验结果在表IV中报告。按照试验1测定胃损害的百分率%。%GPT和%血压值参照在对照组的第一组动物中所发现的对应值。在该组中血压的平均值为105±8mmHg。
获得的结果显示对乙酰氨基酚、多柔比星和辛伐他汀引起肝损害和胃肠病(与在缺少L-NAME的情况下仅用药物处理的对应的组以及用L-NAME处理的对照组相比GPT值和胃损害的%更高)。
因此这些药物可以用于制备本发明的产物。
根据该试验,奥美拉唑和米索前列醇不能用于制备本发明的产物。
实施例F4试验4:某些用作B或B1(见本发明的式I和II)的前体的物质抑制DPPH产生残基
该方法是以比色分析试验为基础的,在该试验中使用DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基偕腙肼)作为形成残基的化合物(M.S.Nenseter等,Atheroscler.Thromb.15,1338-1344,1995)。
首先制备终浓度为100uM的试验物质的甲醇溶液。将这些溶液的每一种的0.1ml加入到等份的1ml 0.1M DPPH的甲醇溶液中并使终体积为1.5ml。避光、在室温下贮存该溶液30分钟后,在517nm波长读取吸收度。测定该吸收度相对于含有同样浓度DPPH的溶液的吸收度的降低。
试验化合物抑制残基产生的效力,或抗残基活性用下式表示:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别为含有试验化合物加DPPH的溶液与仅含有DPPH的溶液的吸收度值。
如上定义,如果化合物抑制残基产生百分率等于或大于50%时,按照本发明使用的化合物不满足试验4。
在表V中报告以下物质所获得的结果:N-乙酰基cisteine、cisteine、阿魏酸、(L)-肌肽、龙胆酸、4-噻唑烷甲酸和2-氧代4-噻唑烷甲酸。
表V显示:
N-乙酰基cisteine、cisteine、阿魏酸、(L)-肌肽、龙胆酸满足试验4,因为它们抑制由DPPH引起的残基的产生高于50%,因此它们不能用作本发明化合物的B或B1的前体。4-噻唑烷甲酸和2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸不满足试验4,因为它们不能在等于或高于50%的程度上抑制来自于DPPH的残基产生,因此它们可以作为按照本发明的化合物B或B1的前体使用,条件上它们满足以下试验5。
实施例F5试验5:由用作B、B1或C=-TC-Y-H前体的化合物引起的对由FeII产生的残基的抑制:
将0.1ml等份的10-4M浓度的4-噻唑烷甲酸和2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸的甲醇溶液加入到含有一种水溶液的试管中,所述水溶液由0.2ml 2mM脱氧核糖、0.4ml pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液100mM和0.1ml1mM FeII(NH4)2(SO4)2在2mM HCl中混合形成。然后在37℃保存该试管1小时。然后,在每支试管中顺序加入0.5ml 2.8%三氯乙酸水溶液和0.5ml 0.1M的硫代巴比土酸水溶液。用0.1ml甲醇代替0.1ml等份上述试验化合物的甲醇溶液形成参比空白。封闭所述试管并在100℃的油浴中加热15分钟。出现粉红色,粉红色的强度与脱氧核糖经历基团氧化降解的量是成比例的。在室温下冷却该溶液并且在532nm读取它们相对于空白的吸收度。
通过下式的方法测定由B或B1或C=-TC-Y-H的前体(其中游离价如上定义为饱和的)对抗由FeII产生的残基所引起的抑制:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别为含有试验化合物+铁盐的溶液与仅含有铁盐的溶液的吸收度值。在表III中报告该结果,从结果显示两种酸皆满足试验5,因为它们抑制由FeII产生的残基百分率大于50%。因此为了获得本发明的化合物,4-噻唑烷甲酸和2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸两者可以作为B、B1或C=-TC-Y-H的前体使用。
实施例F6在由L-NAME(NW-硝基-L-精氨酸-甲基酯)引起内皮机能障碍的情况下,相对于对应的前体药物,按照本发明的化合物的胃耐受性试验。
重复实施例F3并且评估以下前体药物和本发明的对应衍生物的胃耐受性:
双氯芬酸和按照实施例4的对应衍生物。
氨溴索和按照实施例7的对应衍生物。
阿仑膦酸盐和按照实施例6的对应衍生物。
他克林和按照实施例5的对应衍生物。
该结果在表VI中报告并且该结果显示,由于给予相同剂量的本发明化合物和对应的前体药物,在用本发明化合物处理的组中胃病发生率显著降低或消失。
实施例8由乙酰水杨酸(式XCII)和噻唑烷-4-甲酸(式PIV)作为原料合成3-[2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸-4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯(式XCI) 按照在实施例3中给出的方案合成化合物(XCI)。产率:26%元素分析计算值% C49.51 H4.89 N6.79 S7.77测量值% C49.57 H4.94 N6.70 S7.73
实施例9由沙丁胺醇(XXV)和琥珀酸(式RI)作为原料合成式(XCIII)的2-(叔丁基氨基)-1-[4-羟基-3[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)butiryloxy]甲基苯基]乙醇。按照实施例7中的方法获得化合物(XCIII)。产率:14%。元素分析计算值% C 55.26 H 7.06 N 6.14实测值% C 55.20 H 7.10 N 6.17
实施例10由西替利嗪(XIV)和2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸(式PV)作为原料合成式(XCV)的3-[[2-[4-[(4-氯苯基)苯基甲基]-1-哌嗪基]乙氧基]乙酰基]-噻唑烷-4-甲酸-4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯按照实施例3的方法获得化合物(XCIII)。产率:18%。元素分析计算值% C 55.44 H 5.63 N 7.66 Cl 5.65实测值% C 55.48 H 5.60 N 7.61 Cl 6.71实施例11由式(XV)的依那普利和式(PII)的组氨酸作为原料合成式(XCVIII)的N[(S)1-[N[1-(乙氧基羰基)-3-苯基丙基]L-丙氨酰基]-L-脯氨酸基(prolinyl)]组氨酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯按照实施例7的方法获得化合物(XCVIII)。产率14%。元素分析计算值% C 57.75 H 6.88 N 13.04实测值% C 57.85 H 6.95 N 13.01实施例12由式(XXIV)的晋萘洛尔和式(RI)的琥珀酸开始合成式(XCX)的1-[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]-3-(1-萘氧基)-2-[4-氧代-(4-硝氧酰基丁氧基)丁酰基]氧基丙烷按照实施例7的方法获得化合物(XCX)。产率:30%。元素分析计算值% C 60.49 H 6.77 N 5.88实测值% C 60.40 H 6.75 N 5.91实施例13由式(XI)的氯吡格雷和式(PIV)的噻唑烷-4-甲酸开始合成式(XCXII)的3-[α-(2-氯苯基)-6,7-二氢-噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-5(4H)乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯按照实施例1的方法获得化合物(XCXII)。产率:15%。元素分析计算值% C 51.15 H 4.85 N 7.78 S 11.87 Cl 6.56实测值% C 55.48 H 5.60 N 7.61 S 11.85 Cl 6.59实施例14由式(XXXI)的琥珀酸苯呋地尔和式(PII)的组氨酸开始合成式(XCXIV)的αN-[1-[5-(2,5-二氢-5-氧代-3-呋喃基)-3-甲基-2-苯并呋喃基]乙氧基-4-氧代-丁酰基]组氨酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯按照实施例4所描述的方法获得化合物(XCXIV)。产率:35%。元素分析计算值% C 56.86 H 5.26 N 9.15实测值% C 56.92 H 5.29 N 9.10实施例15由式(XXIII)的烟酰胺和式(PIV)的噻唑烷-4-甲酸开始合成式(XCXVI)的3-烟酰基-噻唑烷甲酸(4-硝酰氧基)丁酯按照实施例1描述的方法用烟酸合成化合物(XXIII)。产率:35%。元素分析计算值% C 47.32 H 4.82 N 11.82 S 9.01实测值% C 47.30 H 4.79 N 11.84 S 9.06实施例16由式(XXII)的4-羟基奥美拉唑和式(RI)的琥珀酸开始合成式(XCXVIII)的5-甲氧基-2-[[[4-氧代-4-(硝酰氧基)丁酰基氧基]-3,5-二甲基-2-吡啶基]甲基]亚磺酰基]-1H-苯并咪唑按照实施例7所描述的的方法获得化合物(XCXVIII)。产率:15%。元素分析计算值% C 52.64 H 4.97 N 10.23 S 5.86实测值% C 52.68 H 5.01 N 10.15 S 5.81实施例17由式(XXI)的辛伐他汀和式(RI)的琥珀酸开始合成式(XCXIX)的[1S-[1α,3α,7β,8β,(2S*,4S*)]]-2,2-二甲基丁酸1,2,3,7,8,8-六氢-3,7-二甲基-8-[2-[四氢-4-[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基氧基]-6-氧代-2H-吡喃-2-基(piran-2-yl)]乙基]-1-萘酯按照实施例7的方法合成化合物(XCXIX)。产率:12%。元素分析计算值% C 62.35 H 7.77 N 2.20实测值% C 62.50 H 7.81 N 2.17实施例18由式(XVI)的氨苄西林和式(PV)的2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸开始合成式(XCXX)的3-[4-D-α-氨苄基青霉酰氨基(penicillaminoyl)]-噻唑烷甲酸-4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯按照实施例3的方法获得化合物(XCXX)。产率:19%。元素分析计算值% C 48.39 H 4.91 N 11.76 S 10.77实测值% C 48.43 H 4.99 N 11.71 S 10.74实施例19由式(XVII)的阿昔洛韦和式(RI)的琥珀酸开始合成式(XCXXI)的9-[[2-[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基氧基]乙氧基]甲基]鸟嘌呤按照实施例7的方法合成化合物(XCXXI)。产率:23%。元素分析计算值% C 46.26 H 5.25 N 15.85实测值% C 46.30 H 5.28 N 15.84实施例20由式(XXXII)的多柔比星和式(RI)的琥珀酸开始合成式(XCXXII)的(8S-顺)-10[(3-氨基-2,3,6-三-脱氧-α-L-来苏-外-吡喃糖基)氧基]-7,8,9,10-四氢,6,8,11-三羟基-8-[[[4-氧代-(4-硝酰氧基丁氧基)丁酰基氧基]甲基-氧代]-1-甲氧基-5,12-并四苯二酮按照实施例7的方法合成化合物(XCXXII)。产率:10%。元素分析计算值% C 55.26 H 5.30 N 3.68实测值% C 55.34 H 5.32 N 3.65实施例F7
用四组大鼠(每组十只动物)重复实施例F1,所有动物都接受NEM,并且按照以下口服给药:
a.对照组:1%w/v羧甲基纤维素的水悬浮液;
b.一组(组b-比较组)同时给予在同样的上述媒介中的5mg/kg(0.02mmoles/kg)的氟比洛芬+2.7mg/kg(0.02mmoles/kg)的4-噻唑烷甲酸;
c.一组(组c-比较组)同时给予在同样的上述媒介中的7.4mg/kg(0.02mmoles/kg)的氟比洛芬的4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯(按照描述于WO94/12463中的方法合成)+2.7mg/kg(0.02mmoles/kg)的4-噻唑烷甲酸;
d.一组(组d)在同样的上述媒介中,给予的按照实施例1合成的9.8mg/kg(0.02mmoles/kg)的3-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1′-联苯基)-4-乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯(在表VII中作为NO-氟比洛芬列出)。
在表VII中报道该结果并且该结果显示分别给予b组和c组(比较组)的、不同于给予d组的本发明化合物的混合物在降低胃损害方面几乎无效(b组)或功效甚低(c组)。
表I
试验1:本发明所阐述的药物类型中的代表性药物在用NEM处理(氧化应激状态)或未用NEM处理的动物中胃的耐受性。用发现胃损害的动物数量和该组动物总数的比率计算%。 | |||
化合物 | 剂量(mg/kg)/给药途径 | 胃肠病(发生率%) | |
未用NEM | 用NEM | ||
载体 | 0 | 0 | |
吲哚美辛 | 7.5/p.o | 0 | 100 |
氨溴索 | 25/p.o | 0 | 80 |
mesalamine | 750/i.c | 0 | 60 |
阿仑膦酸盐 | 15/p.o | 0 | 90 |
他克林 | 1/s.c | 0 | 100 |
奥美拉唑 | 30/s.c | 0 | 0 |
米索前列醇 | 0.5/s.c | 0 | 0 |
p.o.=口服;i.c.=结肠内的途径;s.c.=皮下途径。
表II
试验2:在本发明所阐述的药物类型的代表性化合物的存在下,在内皮细胞中抑制由CIP引起的编程性细胞死亡(DNA断裂)。 | |
化合物 | 相对于仅用CIP处理的对照组编程性细胞死亡% |
吲哚美辛 | 95 |
对乙酰氨基酚 | 120 |
氯吡格雷 | 110 |
沙丁胺醇 | 90 |
氨溴索 | 70 |
阿仑膦酸盐 | 160 |
白屈菜碱 | 95 |
西替利嗪 | 115 |
依那普利 | 80 |
烟酰胺 | 98 |
氨苄西林 | 94 |
阿昔洛韦 | 95 |
mesalamine | 74 |
他克林 | 90 |
辛伐他汀 | 72 |
奥美拉唑 | 90 |
表III
试验5:抑制由FeII引起的残基产生的效力所列物质的筛选。 | |
化合物 | 抑制由FeII引起的残基的% |
空白 | 0 |
2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸 | 100 |
4-噻唑烷甲酸 | 100 |
组氨酸 | 90 |
琥珀酸 | 90 |
表IV
试验3:在由L-NAME引起的内皮疾病状态下,本发明所描述的药物类型的一些代表性化合物的胃(胃肠道损害发生率)、肝(GPT谷丙转氨酶的量)和心血管(血压)的耐受性。涉及血压和GPT的结果用相对于在仅用载体,而未用L-NAME处理的动物中测得结果的比较的%值表示。 | |||||||
化合物 | 剂量mg/kg给药途径 | 血压% | GPT% | 胃肠病% | |||
未用L-NAME | 用L-NAME | 未用L-NAME | 用L-NAME | 未用L-NAME | 用L-NAME | ||
载体 | 100 | 152 | 100 | 155 | 0 | 30 | |
对乙酰氨基酚 | 300/ip. | 108 | 155 | 180 | 500 | 20 | 90 |
多柔比星 | 1/ip. | 120 | 145 | 195 | 360 | 30 | 100 |
辛伐他汀 | 50/p.o | 85 | 148 | 122 | 220 | 0 | 60 |
奥美拉唑 | 30/s.c | 100 | 150 | 100 | 160 | 0 | 10 |
米索前列醇 | 0.5/s.c | 100 | 142 | 100 | 160 | 0 | 5 |
表V
试验4:抑制来自于DPPH的残基产生的效力的所列物质的筛选 | |
化合物 | 抑制来自于DPPH的残基产生% |
溶剂 | 0 |
N-乙酰半胱氨酸 | 100 |
半胱氨酸 | 100 |
阿魏酸 | 100 |
(L)-肌肽 | 80 |
龙胆酸 | 80 |
2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸 | 0 |
4-噻唑烷甲酸 | 0 |
组氨酸 | 0 |
琥珀酸 | 0 |
表VI
所列药物和本发明的相应衍生物对用L-NAME处理和未用L-NAME处理的动物中胃的耐受性研究 | ||||
化合物 | 未用L-NAME处理的动物 | 用L-NAME处理的动物 | ||
剂量mg/kg | 胃病% | 剂量mg/kg | 胃病% | |
载体 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
双氯芬酸(比较) | 20/p.o. | 70 | 5/p.o. | 100 |
实施例4衍生物 | 20/p.o. | 0 | 5/p.o. | 0 |
氨溴索(比较) | 100/p.o. | 60 | 25/p.o. | 80 |
实施例7衍生物 | 100/p.o. | 10 | 25/p.o. | 0 |
阿仑膦酸盐(比较) | 100/p.o. | 90 | 15/p.o. | 70 |
实施例6衍生物 | 100/p.o. | 20 | 15/p.o. | 10 |
他克林(比较) | 10/s.c | 80 | 1/s.c. | 70 |
实施例5衍生物 | 10/s.c | 20 | 1/s.c. | 0 |
表VII
口服给予NEM(实施例F7)后对胃的耐受性试验 | ||
组 | 剂量mg/kg p.o. | 胃病发生% |
对照组 | - | - |
b组-比较组,混合物氟比洛芬(A)+4-噻唑烷甲酸(B) | 5(A)+2.7(B) | 80 |
c组-比较组,混合物氟比洛芬4-(硝酰氧基)丁酯(C)+4-噻唑烷甲酸(B) | 7.4(C)+2.7(B) | 20 |
d组NO-氟比洛芬(实施例1) | 9.8 | 0 |
Claims (10)
1.具有以下通式(I)和(II)的化合物或它们的盐:
A-Bbo-C-N(O)s (I)其中s为1或2的整数,优选s=2;bo=0或1;A=R-T1-,其中
R为药物残基而
T1=(CO)t或(X)t′,其中X=O、S、NR1C,R1C为H或具有1到5
个碳原子的直链的或支链的烷基,或一个自由价,t和t′为整数并等
于零或1,条件是当t′=0时t=1;当t′=1时t=0;B=-TB-X2-TBI-其中
TB和TBI相同或不同;
当t=0时TB=(CO),当t′=0时TB=X,X如上定义;
TBI=(CO)tx或(X)txx,其中tx和txx具有0或1的值;条件是当txx
=0时tx=1,而当txx=1时tx=0;X如上定义;
X2为一个如下定义的二价桥键;C为二价-TC-Y-基团,其中
当tx=0时TC=(CO),当txx=0时TC=X,X如上定义;Y为:
其中:
nIX为0和3之间的整数,优选1;
nIIX为1和3之间的整数,优选1;
RTIX、RTIX′、RTIIX、RTIIX′,彼此相同或不同,为H或直链的或支
链的C1-C4烷基;RTIX、RTIX′、RTIIX、RTIIX′优选为H;
Y3为含有至少一个氮原子的饱和的、不饱和的或芳香的杂环,所
述环有5或6个原子;或Y为Y0,选自以下基团:- 亚烷氧基基团R′O,其中R′为直链或可能的支链C1-C20,优选含有
1到6个碳原子,或为具有5到7个碳原子的亚环烷基,在该亚
环烷基环上的一个或多个碳原子可以被杂原子所取代,所述环
其中n3为0到3的整数而n3′为1到3的整数;
其中n3和n3′具有以上所述的含义;
其中TCI和TCII相同或不同,
当t=0时TCI=(CO),当t′=0时TCI=X,X如上定义;
TCII=(CO)tI或(X)tII,其中tI和tII具有0或1的值;条件是当tII=0时tI=1,而当tII=1时tI=0;X如上定义;
Y′为如上定义的Y,但是具有三个自由价而不是两个,优选为:
基团,其中R′如上定义,优选为含有2到6个
碳原子的烷基,或
其中n3为一个0到3的整数而n3′为一个1到3的整数;
其中nf′为一个1到6的整数,优选1到4;其中在一个碳
其中R1f=H、CH3而nf为一个1到6的整数,优选1到4;
其中在一个碳原子上的一个氢原子被一个自由价所取代;
优选
,其中R′为直链或支链C2-C4,在Y′中的
氧原子被共价连接到C1式指出的自由键末端的-N(O)s基团
上;B1=-TBII-X2a
其中X2a为如下定义的单价基团,当tI=0时TBII=(CO),当tII
=0时TBII=X,X如上定义;- X2,二价基团为这样的基团以使B:-TB-X2-TBI-的对应前体满
足试验5而不满足试验4,前体中的TB和TBI自由价每个皆
为-OZ、-Z或-ZI-N-ZII所饱和,ZI和ZII相同或不相同并且具有
如下定义的Z值,这取决于是否TB和/或TBI=CO或X,与t、
t′、tx和txx的值有关;- 当b0=0时,C的前体具有-TC-Y-H类型,其中TC自由价为-OZ、
-ZI和ZII相同或不相同并且具有如下定义的Z值,这取决于是否
TBII=CO或X,与tI和tII的值有关;- 所述药物A=R-T1-例如满足试验1-3中的至少一个,其中自由
价如下所指出为饱和的:
- 当t′=0时用:
- O-Z,其中Z=H或R1a,R1a为直链或支链的C1-C10烷
基,优选C1-C5,或用
,ZI和ZII如上定义;
- 当t=0时用-Z,其中Z如上定义,前提是所述药物不是一
个甾族化合物;
其中试验1(NEM)是一个体内试验,在4组大鼠(每组由10只大鼠组成)中进行,对照组(2个组)和治疗组(2个组)中,其中一组对照组和一组治疗组分别给予一个剂量25mg/kg s.c.的N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺(NEM),对照组用载体处理而治疗组用载体+式A=R-T1-的药物处理,其中所述自由价如上指出是饱和的,按照相当于未接受NEM的大鼠所能耐受的最大剂量的量给予药物,即,可以给予动物的最高剂量,而在此剂量没有明显的毒性,如可观察到的症状;当用NEM+载体+药物处理的大鼠组显示出胃肠道损害,或在用NEM+载体+药物处理的大鼠组中观察到胃肠道损害大于用载体处理的那些组,或用载体+药物处理的组,或用载体+NEM处理的组时,所述药物符合试验1,即所述药物可以用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物;
其中试验2(CIP)是一个体外试验,其中来自于脐带静脉的人内皮细胞是在标准条件下收集的,然后将其分为两组(每组重复5次),其中的一组用在培养基中浓度为10-4M的药物的混合物处理,另外一组用载体处理;然后将在培养基中浓度为5mM的氢过氧化枯烯(CIP)加入到两组中的每一组中;相对于用载体和CIP处理的组而言,如果不能获得对CIP引起的编程性细胞死亡(细胞损害)的统计学上p<0.01的显著抑制作用,所述药物满足试验2,即该药物可以用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物;
其中试验3(L-NAME)为一个在4组大鼠(每组由10只大鼠组成)中进行4周的体内试验并且接受饮用水,对照组(2个组)和治疗组(2个组)中的一组对照组和一组治疗组分别接受按照400mg/升的浓度加有N-ω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)的饮用水4周,在该4周对照组给予载体而治疗组在这4周用载体+所述药物处理,一天给予一次载体或药物+载体,按照未用L-NAME预处理的大鼠组所能耐受的最大剂量给予药物,即可以给予动物的最高剂量,而在此剂量没有出现明显的毒性,如可观察到的症状;在所述的4周后,停止供应所述水24小时,然后处死大鼠,在处死前1小时测量血压并在处死后测量处死大鼠的血浆谷丙转氨酶(GPT),并检查胃组织;当在用L-NAME+载体+药物处理的大鼠组中,分别与仅用载体处理的组、或用载体+药物处理的组、或用载体+L-NAME处理的组比较,发现更大的肝损害(GPT的测量值更高)和/或胃和/或心血管损害(血压的测量值更高)时,所述药物满足试验3,即所述药物可用于制备通式(I)和(II)化合物;
在试验4中,具有如上定义的饱和自由价的B或B1前体不能满足该试验,所述试验如下:这是一个分析测定,将10-4M浓度的B或B1的前体的甲醇溶液分批加入到DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基偕腙肼-自由基)的甲醇溶液中进行所述测定;在室温下避光保存该溶液30分钟后,在517nm波长读出试验溶液和仅含有与试验溶液相同量的DPPH的溶液的吸收度;然后通过下式的方法计算由所述前体引起的对DPPH产生基团的抑制百分率:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别为含有试验化合物+DPPH的溶液和仅含有DPPH的溶液的吸收度的值;接受按照本试验的化合物的标准(criterium)如下:如果如上定义的抑制百分率高于或等于50%,前体化合物满足试验4;B或B1前体必须不满足实验4;
其中试验5为一个分析测定,该测定通过下述进行:将10-4M浓度的具有如上指出的饱和自由价的B或B1的前体的甲醇溶液或C=-TC-Y-H的甲醇溶液分等份加入到由2mM脱氧核糖水溶液(含有100mM磷酸盐缓冲液)与1mM FeII(NH4)2(SO4)2的盐混合形成的溶液中;在37℃将该溶液恒温一小时后,按照顺序分等份加入2.8%三氯乙酸水溶液和0.5M硫代巴比土酸的水溶液,在100℃加热15分钟,然后在532nm读出该溶液的吸收度;通过下式的方法计算在对抗由FeII产生的残基中由B或B1的前体或C=-TC-Y-H引起的抑制的百分率:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别为含有试验化合物和铁盐的溶液和仅含有铁盐的溶液的吸收值,当B或B1的前体或C=-TC-Y-H的如上定义的抑制百分率高于或等于50%时,所述化合物满足试验5;条件是在式(I)化合物中、在以下条件下的以下药物被排除:- 当bo=0和C=-TC-Y0-,其中Y0的自由价如上指出是饱和的,s=2时,式A=R-T1-的药物如上定义不属于以下类型:用于失禁的药物、抗血栓形成的药物(ACE-抑制剂)、前列腺素;- 当bo=0和C=-TC-Y-,其中Y的自由价如上指出是饱和的,和s=2时,式A=R-T1-的药物属于非甾体抗炎药的类型。
2.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中B或B1的前体化合物选自以下化合物:- 氨基酸:天冬氨酸(PI)、组氨酸(PII)、5-羟基色氨酸(PIII)、4-噻唑烷甲酸(PIV)、2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸(PV)- 一或多元醇或硫醇:2-硫代尿嘧啶(QI)、2-巯基乙醇(QII)、esperidine(QIII)、司骨化醇(QIV)、1-α-OH维生素D2(QV)、flocalcitriol(QVI)、22-氧杂骨化三醇(QVII)、用维生素A残基酯化的维生素D3衍生物(QVIII)、式(QIX)的化合物、24,28-亚甲基-1α-羟基维生素D2(QX)、由1α,25-二羟基维生素D2衍生的化合物(QXI)、2-巯基咪唑(QXII)
3.按照权利要求1-2的化合物,其中式(III)中的Y3选自以下:
4.按照权利要求3的化合物,其中Y3为在2位和6位被取代的Y12(吡啶基)。
5.按照权利要求1-4的化合物,其中式(I)和(II)化合物的前体药物选自以下:抗炎药、止痛药、支气管扩张药和激活胆碱能系统的药物、祛痰的-粘液溶解药、止喘-抗过敏药、抗组胺药、ACE抑制剂、β-阻滞剂、抗血栓形成药、血管舒张药、抗糖尿病药、抗肿瘤药、抗溃疡药、抗高血脂药、抗生素、抗病毒药、骨再吸收抑制剂、抗痴呆药。
6.按照权利要求5的化合物,其中所述前体药物选自以下药物:
抗炎药:醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、阿司匹林、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、阿氯芬酸、阿明洛芬、氨芬酸、苄达酸、柏莫洛芬、α-甜没药萜醇、溴芬酸、溴水杨醇、布氯酸、异丁苯丁酸、卡洛芬、桂美辛、环氯茚酸、氯吡酸、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、地他唑、苯乙氨茴酸、依托度酸、依托芬那酯、联苯乙酸、芬布芬、芬克洛酸、芬度柳、非诺洛芬、芬替酸、非普地醇、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、葡美辛、水杨酸乙二醇酯、布洛芬、异丁普生、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、三苯唑酸、依索克酸、依索昔康、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、mesalamine、甲嗪酸、莫苯唑酸、萘普生、尼氟灭酸、奥沙拉秦、奥沙西罗、奥沙普秦、羟布宗、帕沙米特、哌立索唑、乙酰水杨酸苯酯、pyrazolac、吡罗昔康、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、丙替嗪酸、醋水杨胺、水杨酰胺O-乙酸、水杨基硫酸、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、琥布宗、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、噻拉米特、替诺立定、托芬那酸、托美丁、tropesin、联苯丁酸、希莫洛芬、扎托洛芬、佐美酸、托莫普罗;
止痛药:对乙酰氨基酚、醋氨沙洛、氨基氯西诺嗪、乙酰水杨酸2-氨基-4-甲基吡啶酸、乙酰水杨酰水杨酸、阿尼利定、苯噁洛芬、苄基吗啡、5-溴水杨酸乙酸、布西汀、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、辣椒素、辛可芬、西拉马朵、氯美辛、氯尼辛、可待因、地索吗啡、地佐辛、双氢可待因、双氢吗啡、地美庚醇、地匹乙酯、依他唑辛、依托沙秦、乙基吗啡、丁香酚、夫洛非宁、磷柳酸、格拉非宁、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异丁芬酸、乳酰对乙氧苯胺、左啡诺、美普他酚、美他唑辛、美托酮、吗啡、纳布啡、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、喷他佐辛、非那佐辛、氨基非那西丁、苯哌利定、保泰松、水杨酸苯酯、非尼拉朵、水杨苷、水杨酰胺、醋托啡烷、曲马朵、双醋瑞因、阿克拉宁;
支气管扩张药和激活胆碱能系统的药物:乙酰茶碱、沙丁胺醇、班布特罗、巴米茶碱、甲硫贝弗宁、比托特罗、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、氯喘通、二羟西君、白屈菜碱、麻黄碱、肾上腺素、依普罗醇、乙基麻黄碱、乙基去甲肾上腺素、乙羟茶碱、非诺特罗、氟托溴铵、海索那林、异丙脱溴铵、异他林、异丙肾上腺素、马布特罗、奥西那林、奥昔布宁、氧托溴铵、吡布特罗、丙卡特罗、普罗托醇、丙羟茶碱、瑞普特罗、利米特罗、沙美特罗、索特瑞醇、特布他林、1-teobromineaceticacid、噻托溴铵、曲托喹酚、妥洛特罗、扎普司特、环戊君、NS-21、2-羟基-2,2-二苯基-N-(1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶-4-基甲基)乙酰胺;
祛痰药/粘液溶解药:氨溴索、溴己新、多米奥醇、厄多司坦、愈创木酚、愈创甘油醚、碘化甘油、来托司坦、美司钠、索布瑞醇、司替宁、萜品醇、硫普罗宁;
镇喘药/抗过敏抗组胺药:阿伐斯汀、阿洛拉胺、氨来占诺、西替利嗪、氯苯西泮、chromoglycate、chromolyn、依匹斯汀、fexofenadine、福莫特罗、组胺、羟嗪、左卡巴斯汀、洛度沙胺、马布特罗、异丙辛胺、montelukast、奈多罗米、瑞吡司特、塞曲司特、甲磺司特、特非那定、噻拉米特、漆酚、溴己新;
ACE抑制剂:阿拉普利、贝那普利、卡托普利、西罗普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、依那普利、依那普利拉、福辛普利、咪达普利、赖诺普利、氯沙坦、莫维普利、naphthopidil、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、螺普利、替莫普利、群多普利、乌拉地尔;
β-阻滞药:醋丁洛尔、阿普洛尔、氨磺洛尔、阿罗洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、贝凡洛尔、布库洛尔、布非洛尔、丁呋洛尔、布尼洛尔、布拉洛尔、丁非洛尔、卡拉洛尔、卡替洛尔、卡维地洛、塞利洛尔、塞他洛尔、地来洛尔、依泮洛尔、艾司洛尔、茚诺洛尔、拉贝洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美替洛尔、美托洛尔、莫普洛尔、纳多洛尔、萘肟洛尔、萘必洛尔、硝苯洛尔、尼普地洛、氧烯洛尔、喷布洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普拉洛尔、丙萘洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、硫氧洛尔、他林洛尔、特他洛尔、替利洛尔、噻吗洛尔、托利洛尔、希苯洛尔;
抗凝血药和血管舒张药:醋托啡、阿司匹林、阿加曲班、巴美生、琥珀苯呋地尔、苯碘达隆、倍他司汀、溴长春胺、丁苯碘胺、胞磷胆碱、氯苯呋醇、氯吡格雷、环扁桃酯、达肝素、双嘧达莫、氢普拉明、依诺肝素、芬地林、艾芬地尔、依洛前列素、吲哚布芬、伊波格雷、异克舒令、肝素、lamifiban、米多君、那屈肝素、烟醇、布酚宁、奥扎格雷、哌克昔林、苯丙醇胺、普尼拉明、罂粟林、瑞维肝素钠盐、利多格雷、舒洛地尔、替诺非君、亭扎肝素、三氟柳、烟酸占噻吨;
抗糖尿病药:阿卡波糖、氨磺丁脲、格列波脲、格列噻唑、米格列醇、瑞格列奈、曲格列酮、1-丁基-3-溴苯辛脲、托瑞司他、烟酰胺;
抗肿瘤的药物:安西他滨、安曲霉素、阿杂胞苷、偶氮丝氨酸、6-氮杂尿苷、比尔鲁胺、卡柔比星、嗜癌霉素、苯丁酸氮芥、氯脲菌素、阿糖胞苷、柔红霉素、地磷酰胺、地美可辛、二甲叶酸、6-二偶氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、杜康唑、去氧氟尿苷、多柔比星、屈洛昔芬、依达曲沙、依氟鸟氨酸、依诺他滨、表柔比星、环硫雄醇、依他硝唑、依托泊苷、芬维A胺、氟达拉滨、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、己烷雌酚、依达比星、氯尼达明、甘露莫司汀、美法仑、美诺立尔、6-巯基嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、二溴甘露醇、二溴卫矛醇、丝裂霉素、米托蒽醌、莫哌达醇、麦考芬酸、9-甲叶酸、诺拉霉素、紫衫醇、喷司他丁、吡柔比星、吡曲克辛、普卡霉素、鬼臼酸、卟吩姆钠、泊非霉素、丙帕锗、嘌罗霉素、雷莫司汀、维生素A酸、罗喹美克、绛色霉素、链佐星、替尼泊苷、细格孢氮杂酸、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、tomudex、托泊替堪、三甲曲沙、杀结核菌素、乌苯美司、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞宾、佐柔比星;
抗溃疡药:6-乙酰氨基己酸、阿巴前列素、西曲酸酯、西咪替丁、依卡倍特、恩前列素、艾沙拉唑、伊索格拉定、米索前列醇、奥美拉唑、奥诺前列素、泮托拉唑、普劳诺托、利奥前列素、罗沙前列醇、罗曲酸、索法酮、曲莫前列素;
抗高血脂的药物:atorvastatin、西司他丁、制皮菌素、降酯静、洛伐他汀、美伐他汀、制霉菌素、喷司他丁、胃酶抑素、普伐他汀钠盐、辛伐他汀;
抗生素:美西林、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、阿帕西林、阿哌环素、阿扑西林、叠氮氯霉素、叠氮西林、阿洛西林、氨曲南、苯酰胺水杨酸、苄基青霉酸、比阿培南、二环霉素、卷曲霉素、羧苄西林、卡茚西林、卡芦莫南、头孢克洛、头孢氨苄、头孢孟多酯、头孢曲秦、头孢西酮、头孢唑林、头孢拉宗、头孢克定、头孢地尼、头孢托仑、头孢吡肟、头孢他美、头孢克肟、头孢甲肟、头孢美唑、头孢米诺、头孢地秦、头孢尼西、头孢哌酮、头孢雷特、头孢噻肟、头孢替坦、头孢替安、头孢西丁、头孢唑兰、头孢咪唑、头孢匹胺、头孢匹罗、头孢丙烯、头孢沙定、头孢磺啶、头孢他啶、头孢特仑、头孢替唑、头孢布烯、头孢噻呋、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢唑南、头孢乙氰钠、头孢氨苄、头孢来星、头孢噻啶、头孢菌素C、头孢噻吩、头孢匹林钠、头孢拉定、氯霉素、金霉素、西诺沙星、克拉维酸、氯甲西林、氯唑西林、环青霉素、环丝氨酸、地美环素、双氯西林、依匹西林、芬贝西林、氟氧头孢、氟氯西林、缩酮氨苄青霉素、亚胺培南、仑氨西林、劳拉卡比、赖甲环素、磺胺米隆、甲氯环素、美罗培南、美坦西林、美他环素、甲氧西林钠、美洛西林、米诺环素、拉氧头孢、莫匹罗星、堆囊粘菌素N、负霉素、新生霉素、苯唑西林、帕尼培南、青霉素G钾盐、阿地西林、阿美西林、青霉素V、非萘西林钾盐、匹哌环素、哌拉西林、吡利霉素、泊非霉素、丙匹西林、喹那西林、利替培南、罗利环素、山环素、西地霉素、大观霉素、舒巴坦、磺苄西林、替莫西林、四环素、替卡西林、替吉莫南、杀结核菌素、氮红霉素、甲红霉素、地红霉素、恩维霉素、红霉素、交沙霉素、麦迪霉素、麦迪霉素、竹桃霉素、利福布丁、利福米特、利福霉素、利福昔明、罗他霉素、螺旋霉素、醋竹桃霉素、紫霉素、维吉霉素;
阿米卡星、安普霉素、阿贝卡星、地贝卡星、双氢链霉素、氟帖霉素、庆大霉素、小诺米星、新霉素、萘替米星、巴龙霉素、核糖霉素、西索米星、大观霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、丙大观霉素;巴氨西林、头孢卡品、新丙戊酯、头孢泊肟、proxetil、帕尼培南、匹氨青霉素、匹夫头孢氨苄、舒他西林、酞氨西林;
卡波霉素、克林霉素、林可霉素、米卡霉素、罗沙米星、环丙沙星、克林沙星、二氟沙星、依诺沙星、恩氟沙星、氟罗沙星、氟甲喹、格帕沙星、罗氟哌酸、纳地沙星、萘啶酸、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、pazufloxacin、培氟沙星、吡哌酸、吡咯米酸、芦氟沙星、斯巴沙星、托氟沙星、trovafloxacin、氯莫环素、胍甲环素、土霉素、硝呋吡醇、硝呋拉嗪、对氨基水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸酰肼、氯法齐明、脱氧双氢链霉素、乙胺丁醇、葡烟腙、异烟肼、奥匹烟肼、氨基水杨酸苯酯、利福平、利福喷汀、水杨烟肼、4,4′-硫酰二苯胺(sulfynyldianiline)、醋地砜、氨苯砜、琥珀氨苯砜、对磺胺酰基苄胺、噻唑砜、醋磺胺林、磺胺米隆、4′-(甲基氨磺酰基)sulfanil anilide、柳氮磺胺嘧啶、磺胺苯酰、磺胺醋酰、磺胺氯达嗪、磺胺柯定、磺胺西汀、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺戊烯、磺胺地索辛、磺胺多辛、磺胺乙二唑、磺胺脒、磺胺呱诺、磺胺林、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲二唑、磺胺甲氧甲嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺甲氧嗪、磺胺甲噻唑、磺胺美曲、磺胺柯衣定、磺胺噁唑、磺胺、2-对-磺胺酰基苯胺基乙醇、N4-磺胺酰基磺胺、磺胺酰基脲、N-磺胺酰基-3,4-丙谷酰胺、磺胺培林、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺普罗林、磺胺吡嗪、磺胺吡啶、磺胺异噻唑、磺胺均三嗪、磺胺噻唑、磺胺硫脲、磺胺索嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑、4-磺胺基水杨酸;负霉素、卡芦莫南、氯羟喹、硝羟喹啉、精氨酸、甲硝唑;
抗病毒的药物:阿昔洛韦、金刚烷胺、cidofovir、阿糖胞苷、双脱氧胞苷、双去氧腺苷、依度尿苷、泛昔洛韦、氟尿苷、更昔洛韦、碘苷、indanavir、乙氧丁酮醛、拉米夫定、甲氨去氧尿苷、喷昔洛韦、鬼臼毒素、利巴韦林、金刚乙烷、沙奎那韦、索利屋丁、stavudine、曲氟尿苷、伐昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、珍那佐酸、扎西他宾、齐多夫定;
骨再吸收抑制剂:阿仑膦酸、布替膦酸、依替膦酸、奥昔膦酸、帕米膦酸、利塞膦酸;
抗痴呆的药物:amiridine、拉扎贝胺、莫非吉兰、salbeluzol、奥拉西坦、ipidacrine、奈那西坦、他克林、维吖啶。
7.按照权利要求5-6的化合物,其中所述前体药物选自以下:
抗炎药:阿司匹林、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、卡洛芬、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、酮洛芬、酮洛酸、氯诺昔康、氯索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、mesalamine、萘普生、尼氟灭酸、奥沙拉秦、吡罗昔康、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、托芬那酸、托美丁、佐美酸、托莫普罗;
止痛药:对乙酰氨基酚、乙酰水杨酰水杨酸、苯噁洛芬、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、辣椒素、双醋瑞因、双氢可待因、乙基吗啡、丁香酚、保泰松、美普他酚、吗啡、纳布非、喷他佐辛、thiorphan、曲马朵、阿克拉宁;
支气管扩张药和激活胆碱能系统的药物:沙丁胺醇、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、白屈菜碱、乙羟茶碱、非诺特罗、异丙脱溴铵、奥西那林、奥昔布宁、吡布特罗、沙美特罗、特布他林、噻托溴铵、扎普司特、环戊君、NS-21、2-羟基-2,2-二苯基-N-(1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶-4-基甲基)乙酰胺;
祛痰药/粘液溶解药:氨溴索、溴己新、愈创木酚、索布瑞醇;
镇喘药/抗过敏抗组胺药:西替利嗪、chromoglycate、组胺、左卡巴斯汀、洛度沙胺、montelukast、特非那定、溴己新;
ACE抑制剂:卡托普利、依那普利、赖诺普利、氯沙坦、雷米普利;
β-阻滞药:阿普洛尔、阿替洛尔、布拉洛尔、拉贝洛尔、美替洛尔、美托洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔、噻吗洛尔;
抗凝血药和血管活性药:阿司匹林、醋托啡、阿加曲班、氯吡格雷、达肝素、双嘧达莫、依诺肝素、肝素、依洛前列素、米多君、奥扎格雷、苯丙醇胺、三氟柳;
抗糖尿病药:托瑞司他、烟酰胺;
抗肿瘤药物:安曲霉素、柔红霉素、多柔比星、表柔比星、氟尿嘧啶、甲氨蝶呤、长春碱;
抗溃疡药:西咪替丁、奥美拉唑、泮托拉唑;
抗血脂过多的药物:洛伐他汀、普伐他汀钠盐、辛伐他汀;
抗生素:阿莫西林、氨苄西林、氨曲南、比阿培南、羧苄西林、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢孟多、头孢曲秦、头孢西丁、克拉维酸、氯甲西林、亚胺培南、甲氯环素、美他环素、拉氧头孢、帕尼培南、舒巴坦、氮红霉素、红霉素、交沙霉素、麦迪霉素、利福布丁、利福米特、利福霉素、庆大霉素、巴龙霉素、西索米星、氨苄青霉素碳酯、卡波霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星、克林沙星、二氟沙星、恩氟沙星、罗氟哌酸、纳地沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、吡哌酸、阿哌环素、氯莫环素、土霉素、硝呋吡醇、硝呋拉嗪、异烟肼、利福平、利福喷汀、氨苯砜、噻唑砜、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺噁唑、甲硝唑、精氨酸;
抗病毒药物:阿昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、利巴韦林、阿糖腺苷、齐多夫定;
骨再吸收抑制剂:阿仑膦酸、依替膦酸、帕米膦酸。
8.按照权利要求1-7的化合物或盐、或它们的组合物用作药物;条件是在式(I)化合物中,在以下情况下排除以下药物:
- 当bo=0和C=-TC-Y0-,其中Y0的自由价如上指出为饱和的,s=2时,式A=R-T1-的药物如上定义,不属于以下类型:用于失禁的药物、抗血栓形成的药物(ACE-抑制剂)、前列腺素;
- 当bo=0和C=-TC-Y-,其中Y的自由价如上指出为饱和的,和s=2时,式A=R-T1-的药物属于非甾体抗炎药类。
9.按照权利要求1-7的化合物或盐,或它们的组合物在制备治疗氧化应激反应的药物中的用途,
- 当bo=0和C=-TC-Y0-,其中Y0的自由价如上指出为饱和的,s=2时,式A=R-T1-的药物可以是用于失禁的药物、抗血栓形成的药物、前列腺素;
- 当bo=0,C=-TC-Y-,其中Y的自由价如上指出为饱和的,和s=2时,所述药物可以是非甾体抗炎药。
10.含有作为活性成分的权利要求1-7的化合物或其盐的药用制剂。
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Cited By (3)
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CN1794987B (zh) * | 2003-05-27 | 2010-09-29 | 尼科克斯公司 | 具有提高的抗炎、抗血栓形成和抗血小板活性的作为降胆固醇药的氟伐他汀、普伐他汀、西立伐他汀、阿托伐他汀和罗苏伐他汀的硝基氧基衍生物 |
CN112316158A (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-05 | 四川大学 | 一种利用超分子包合剂关闭胶原溶液中抗菌剂活性的方法 |
CN112316158B (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-09-21 | 四川大学 | 一种利用超分子包合剂关闭胶原溶液中抗菌剂活性的方法 |
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