CN1356981A - 药用化合物 - Google Patents
药用化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1356981A CN1356981A CN00808855A CN00808855A CN1356981A CN 1356981 A CN1356981 A CN 1356981A CN 00808855 A CN00808855 A CN 00808855A CN 00808855 A CN00808855 A CN 00808855A CN 1356981 A CN1356981 A CN 1356981A
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 N-ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 91
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
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- OJLOPKGSLYJEMD-URPKTTJQSA-N methyl 7-[(1r,2r,3r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1e)-4-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(O)C\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCCCCC(=O)OC OJLOPKGSLYJEMD-URPKTTJQSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cetirizine Chemical compound C1CN(CCOCC(=O)O)CCN1C(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZKLPARSLTMPFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N capsaicin Chemical compound COC1=CC(CNC(=O)CCCC\C=C\C(C)C)=CC=C1O YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- OGSPWJRAVKPPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alendronic Acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O OGSPWJRAVKPPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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Abstract
本申请公开了通式(I)的化合物或其盐:A-B(I),其中A=R-T1-,其中R是药物基团和T1=(CO)t或(X)t,其中X=O、S、NR1c,R1c是H或具有1-5个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,或自由价,t和t’是整数并且等于0或1,条件是当t’=0时t=1;当t’=1时t=0;B=-TB-X2其中当t=0时TB=(CO),当t’=0时TB=X,X如上述定义;X2是单价基团,使A的前体药物和B的前体分别符合本申请所述的药理学试验。
Description
本发明涉及新的用于氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍患者的全身用和非全身用的药物及其组合物。
所谓氧化应激反应是指自由基或自由基化合物的产生,其造成细胞和周围组织的损伤(病理生理学(Pathophysiology):成人和儿童中疾病的生物学基础,McCance & Huether 1998 48-54页)。
所谓内皮机能障碍是指那些涉及脉管内皮的机能障碍。脉管内皮的损伤已知是那些可以引发一系列影响多种器官和机体系统的病理过程的重要事件之一,如下文所述(病理生理学(Pathophysiology):成人和儿童中疾病的生物学基础,McCance &Huether 1998 page 1025)。
因此,氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍与多种如下所述的病理学有关。许多不同药物的毒性也可以引起氧化应激反应,这严重影响着它们的效能。
所述的病理事件具有缓慢衰弱的特征,并且常常是老年人的典型特征。如上所述,在这样的病理情况中,所用药物表现出非常恶化的效能。
由氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍引起的或在老年中出现的病理学情形的示例如下所述:
-对于心血管系统:心肌和血管普遍性局部缺血、高血压、中风、动脉粥样硬化等;
-对于结缔组织:类风湿关节炎和连接炎性疾病(connectedinflammatory diseases)等;
-对于肺系统:哮喘和连接炎性疾病等;
-对于胃肠道系统:溃疡和非溃疡性消化不良、肠道炎性疾病等;
-对于中枢神经系统:阿耳茨海默氏病等;
-对于泌尿生殖系统:阳萎、失禁;
-对于皮肤系统:湿疹、神经性皮炎、痤疮;
-常见传染性疾病(参见:Schwarz-KB,Brady“病毒感染中的氧化应激反应:综述”Free Radical Biol.Med.21/5,641-6491996)。
另外,衰老过程可以被视作为一个真实的病理学状态(参见病理生理学(Pathophysiology):成人和儿童中疾病的生物学基础,第71-77页)。
当给患有与氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍有关的病变的患者用药时,已知药物表现出低活性和/或高毒性。
这出现在药物中,例如抗炎药、心血管药物、呼吸系统药物、中枢神经系统药物、骨骼系统药物、抗生素、泌尿生殖药物、内分泌药物等。
药物研究的目的在于发现新的具有改进的治疗指数(功效/毒性比)或较低的危险/效益比且适合上述病情的分子,许多药物在这些病情中的治疗指数较低。事实上,在上述氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍的疾病中,许多药物表现出较低的活性和/或较高的毒性。
譬如,抗炎药如NSAID类和抗大肠菌(anticolitic)药物(例如5-氨基水杨酸及其衍生物)表现出本文下面所述的缺陷:NSAID导致中毒,特别是当机体衰弱或受到与氧化应激反应有关的疾病影响时。所述疾病譬如是:衰老、预先存在的溃疡、预先存在的胃出血;衰弱性慢性疾病,例如特别是那些影响心血管、肾脏器官、血液体质等的那些衰弱性慢性疾病。(“米索前列醇减轻接受非甾类抗炎药的类风湿关节炎患者中的严重胃肠道并发症,随机双盲安慰剂对照试验”F.E.Silverstein et al.,Ann.Intern.Med.123/4,241-9,1995;Martindale 31a ed.1996,pag.73,Current Medical Diagnosisand Treatment 1998,pages 431 and 794)。
抗炎药物在上述病理状况中对患者的给药只能以低于治疗所用的剂量给药,目的是避免显著的毒性现象。由此致使抗炎活性差。
用于治疗心绞痛、高血压和心律失常的β-阻断剂对呼吸器官表现出副作用(呼吸困难、支气管缩小),因而它们可能通过使所述器官病变在患者中引起问题(哮喘、支气管炎)。所以,β-阻断剂甚至可能恶化呼吸性疾病如哮喘。因此在哮喘患者中必须使用减小剂量的此类药物,目的在于不危害呼吸机能。由此极大地降低了β-阻断剂的效能。
用于预防血栓现象的抗血栓形成药(如潘生丁、阿司匹林等)具有相同的缺陷。在受到与氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍有关的病变影响的患者中,这些药物的治疗作用和耐受性如同在阿司匹林的情况中一样明显降低。
支气管扩张药(如沙丁胺醇等)应用在哮喘和支气管炎的治疗中,而且作用于胆碱能系统的药物被应用于如尿失禁的病变中。其给药可以产生影响心血管器官的类似副作用,会对心脏病患者和高血压患者引发问题。如上所述,心脏病和高血压是与氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍有关的病变。这些药物也表现出与上述相同的缺点。
在呼吸器官炎症状态的治疗中所用的祛痰药和粘液溶解药表现出上述影响患者的缺点。其给药可以导致胃灼热和胃刺激,特别是在老年人中。
骨再吸收抑制剂如二磷酸(如阿仑膦酸盐(alendronate)等)是具有高度胃肠毒性的药物。所以,这些药物也表现出上述缺点。
在心血管和呼吸系统疾病中所使用的磷酸二酯酶(如sildenafil,、扎普司特)在耐受性和/或效能上的特点具有类似于上述氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍的病理学情况。
抗变态反应药物(如西替利嗪、孟替司特(montelukast)等)也在上述病理学疾病中显示出相同的问题,特别是其效能。
抗血管紧张素,例如ACE抑制剂(如依那普利、卡托普利等)和受体抑制剂(如洛沙坦等)被应用在心血管疾病的治疗中。其缺点在于在上述病理学疾病中对呼吸器官产生副作用(即咳嗽等),。
抗糖尿病药,胰岛素敏感型和降血糖型的药物(如磺酰脲(sulphonylurea)、甲苯磺丁脲、格列力特(glypiride)、格列齐特(glyclazide)、格列本脲、烟酰胺等)在糖尿病并发症的预防中无效。其给药可能产生副作用,例如胃损伤。这些现象在上述病理学疾病中变得更加严重。
抗生素(如氨苄青霉素、克拉霉素等)和抗病毒药物(无环鸟苷等)在其耐受性上表现出问题,例如它们引起胃肠刺激。
抗肿瘤药物(如阿霉素、柔红霉素、顺铂等)对于不同器官具有高毒性,其中包括胃和肠道。这种毒性在上述氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍的病变中更加恶化。
抗痴呆药物如烟碱和colinomimetic的特点在于耐受性差,尤其是在上述病变中。
急性(哮喘等)或慢性疾病(肠、肝脏、呼吸疾病、女性生殖器官疾病、皮肤疾病等)中所用的具有甾体结构的药物的特征在于对多种器官具有明显的毒性,特别是在上述氧化应激反应疾病中。
在甾类药物的种类中,氢化可的松、考的松、泼尼松、泼尼松龙、氟氢可的松、去氧皮质酮、甲泼尼龙、曲安西龙、对氟米松、倍他米松、地塞米松、曲安德、氟西奈德、倍氯米松、乙酰氧基孕烯醇酮等对不同器官具有显著的药物毒物学效应,并且出于这种原因其临床应用及其中断会引起一系列的副作用,一些副作用非常严重。参见例如,Goodman & Gilman,“治疗的药学基础(The pharmaceutical Basis ofTherapeutics)”9 ed.,pag.1459-1465,1996。
在所述的毒性作用中可以提及:那些影响骨组织导致细胞代谢改变和高骨质疏松症发病率的副作用;那些影响心血管系统、造成高血压反应的副作用;那些作用于胃肠器官导致胃损伤的副作用。参见例如Martindale的“The extrapharmacopoeia”,30th ed.,pag.712-723,1993。
胆酸类化合物也属于甾类药物,它们业已被应用在肝功能障碍和胆绞痛的治疗中。熊去氧胆酸也用于某些肝脏功能障碍(胆汁源的肝硬化等)。其耐受性在胃肠并发症的存在下极度恶化(慢性肝损伤,消化性溃疡、肠炎等)。另外在胆酸类物质的情况中,氧化应激反应非常影响药物的性能:鹅去氧胆酸和熊去氧胆酸类化合物的效能和耐受性明显降低。特别是意外发现了对肝脏的不良作用增加。在所述甾类化合物中还可以提及用于治疗异常脂血症(dislipidaemia)、激素功能障碍、雌性器官肿瘤的治疗的雌激素类化合物。所述的甾类化合物也表现出上述副作用,特别是在肝脏水平上。
根据上述现有技术,看似几乎不可能将治疗活性与副作用分开,参见上述Goodman等的文献第1474页。
需要发现具有改进的治疗性能的可利用药物,即提供较低的毒性和/或较高的功效,使它们能够施用给处于氧化应激反应和/或内皮功能障碍的病症下的患者,而且不具有现有药物的缺陷。
目前令人惊奇和意外地发现,下面描述的一类新的药物可以解决上述在对受氧化应激反应和/或内皮机能障碍影响的患者或一般对老年人施用药物时表现出的问题。
本发明的一个目的是具有下面通式(I)的化合物或其盐:
A-B (I)其中:
A=R-T1-,其中
R是药物基团和
T1=(CO)t或(X)t’,其中X=O、S、NR1c,R1c是H或具有1-5个碳
原子的直链或支链烷基,或自由价,t和t’是整数并且等于0
或1,条件是当t’=0时t=1;当t’=1时t=0;
B=-TB-X2其中
当t=0时TB=(CO),当t’=0时TB=X,X如上述定义;
单价基团X2是符合试验5和/或试验4的B的相应前体;所述
的式-TB-X2的前体,其中TB自由价用-OZ或Z饱和,其中Z=H
或R1a,R1a是C1-C10=直链或可能时支链的烷基,优选C1-C5烷
基,
或具有
ZI和ZII相同或不同且Z值取决于TB=CO或是X,与t、t’值有
关;条件是:
药物A=R-T1-,其中所述的自由价按照下文所述饱和:
-当t’=0时用:
ZI和ZII定义如上,
-当t=0时用X-Z,其中X和Z如上定义,
从而符合至少下列试验1-3之一;
-其中试验1(NEM)是一个在四组大鼠(每组10只大鼠组成)上进行的体内试验;在对照组(2组)和被处理组(2组)中,一个对照组和一个被处理组分别皮下(s.c.)给予剂量为25mg/kg的N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM),对照组用载体处理,同时被处理组用载体+式A=R-T1-的药物处理,其中所述的自由价如上所述被饱和;药物是以等于可被未接受NEM的大鼠最大耐受的剂量给药,即可以施用给动物的、在该剂量下无表观毒性的最高剂量,表观也就是在症状上可观察到的;当用NEM+载体+药物处理的大鼠组中表现出胃肠损伤时,或在用NEM+载体+药物处理的组中观察到比用载体处理的组、用载体+药物处理的组或用载体+NEM处理的组中更强的胃肠损伤时,所述药物符合试验1,也就是说,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物;
其中试验2(CIP)是一个体外试验,在该试验中在标准条件下由脐静脉收获人内皮细胞,随后分为2组(每组平行5次),其中一组用在培养基中浓度为10-4M的药物的混合物处理,另一组用载体处理;此后将在培养基中浓度为5mM的氢化过氧化枯烯(CIP)加入这两组的各组中;如果对于用载体和CIP处理的组来说对CIP所诱导的细胞凋亡(细胞损伤)的统计学意义的抑制作用没有获得p<0.01,该药物符合试验2,也就是说,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物;
其中试验3(L-NAME)是一个在四组大鼠(每组由10只大鼠组成)上进行4周且接受饮用水的体内试验,对照组(2组)和被处理组(2组)中,其中一个对照组和一个被处理组分别在4周内接受加入了浓度为400mg/L的N-ω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)的饮用水,对照组在这4周内给予载体,同时被处理组在这4周内接受载体+药物,载体或药物+载体每天施用一次,所述药物是以可被未用L-NAME预处理大鼠组耐受的最大剂量给药,即可施用给动物的无表观毒性的,也就是在症状上观察不到的最高剂量;4周后,停止供水24小时,随后处死动物,处死之前1小时测量血压,并且在处死大鼠后测定处死后的血浆谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT),并检查胃组织;当在用L-NAME+载体+药物处理的大鼠组中,在分别与用载体单独处理的组、用载体+药物处理的组或用载体+L-NAME处理的组对比时发现肝损伤更加严重(测出较高的GPT值)和/或胃和/或心血管损伤更高(测定出血压值更高)时,该药物符合试验3,也就是说,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物;
其中试验4是一个分析测定试验,该试验通过向DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基偕腙肼-自由基)的甲醇溶液中加入多份的浓度为10-4M的B的前体的甲醇溶液进行的;此后室温下避光保持该溶液30分钟,在517nm波长下读取该试验溶液的吸光度以及只含有与试验溶液中等量的DPPH的溶液的吸光度;并且随后通过下式以百分率计算出该前体所诱导的由DPPH产生的自由基的抑制作用:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中As和Ac分别是含有试验化合物+DPPH的溶液的吸光度值和只含有DPPH的溶液的吸光度值;按照本试验该化合物的可被接受标准是:如果上述抑制百分率高于或等于50%,B前体化合物符合试验4;
其中试验5如下所述:它是一个分析测定试验,是通过将等份的具有如上述饱和的自由价的B前体的10-4M甲醇溶液加入到通过混合2mM脱氧核糖水溶液与100mM磷酸盐缓冲液和1mM的盐FeII(NH4)2(SO4)2制成的溶液中;该溶液在37℃下恒温1小时后,依次加入三氯乙酸2.8%水溶液和硫代巴比妥酸0.5M水溶液的等份试样,在100℃下加热15分钟,此后在532nm下读取该试验溶液的吸光度;由B或B1的前体或C=-Tc-Y-H在抗FeII产生的自由基中所引起的抑制作用按照下式计算百分率:
(1-As/Ac)×100其中AS和AC分别是含有试验化合物和铁盐的溶液的吸光度值和只含有铁盐的溶液的吸光度值,当B的前体的如上定义的抑制百分率高于或等于50%时该化合物符合试验5。
优选的符合试验5的B的前体化合物选自下列化合物:
一元或多元醇或硫醇类:
2-巯基尿嘧啶(QI)、2-巯基乙醇(QII)、埃司利定(esperidine)(QIII)、司骨化醇(QIV)、1-α-OH维生素D2(QV)、氟卡骨化醇(flocalcitriol)(QVI)、22-氧骨化醇(oxacalcitriol)(QVII)、用维生素A基团酯化的维生素D3(QVIII)、式(QIX)的化合物、24,28-亚甲基-1α-羟基维生素D2(QX),由1α,25-二羟基维生素D2衍生的化合物(QXI)、2-巯基咪唑(QXII) 其中n03彼此相同或不同,是等于0或1的整数;n3彼此相同或不同,是0-3的整数;W彼此相同或不同,选自下列:HX,X如上定义,COOH、R’、OR’,其中R’是直链或可能时为支链的具有1-20个碳原子的烷基,优选具有1-6个碳原子;Rf,ORf,其中Rf如R’但含有至少一个取代H的卤素原子,优选为F;当所述的药物反应官能团是羧基时,至少一个W基团是XH;或当所述的药物反应性官能团为XH时,是COOH;当n03=0时,如果n3不是0,则n3基团的自由价被下列取代基之一饱和:R’、OR’、Rf、ORf、H;当n03=0且n3=0时,该自由价被H饱和。
优选的符合试验4的B的前体化合物选自下列种类的化合物:
-氨基酸,选自下列:L-肌肽(式CI)、鹅肌肽(CII)、硒代半胱氨酸(CIII)、硒代蛋氨酸(CIV)、青霉胺(CV)、N-乙酰青霉胺(CVI)、半胱氨酸(CVII)、N-乙酰半胱氨酸(CVIII)、谷胱甘肽(CIX)或其酯,优选乙酯或丙酯:
对于化合物(CV)、(CVI)、(CVII)和(CVIII)其中存在SH,相应化合物SN(O)s,其中s是1或2,也可以用来代替SH;
-羟基酸类化合物,选自下列:没食子酸(式DI)、阿魏酸(DII)、龙胆酸(DIII)、柠檬酸(DIV)、咖啡酸(DV)、氢咖啡酸(DVI)、p-香豆酸(DVII)、香草酸(DVIII)、绿原酸(DIX)、犬尿喹啉酸(DX)、丁香酸(DXI):
-芳族和杂环一元-和多元醇,选自下列:去甲二氢愈创木酸(EI)、五羟黄酮(EII)、儿茶素(EIII)、莰非醇(EIV)、硫乙炔(sulphurethyne)(EV)、抗坏血酸(EVI)、异抗坏血酸(EVII)、氢醌(EVIII)、棉子酚(EIX)、还原酸(EX)、甲氧基氢醌(EXI)、苯偏三酚(EXII)、没食子酸丙酯(EXIII)、蔗糖(EXIV)、维生素E(EXV)、维生素A(EXVI)、8-喹诺醇(quinolol)(EXVII)、3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚(EXVIII)、3-羟基黄酮(EXIX)、3,5-叔丁基-对羟基甲苯(EXX)、对叔丁基苯酚(EXXI)、噻吗洛尔(EXXII)、希波酚(EXXIII)、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基-硫基乙醇酸酯(EXXIV)、4’-羟基丁酰苯胺(EXXV)、愈创木酚(EXXVI)、母育酚(EXXVII)、异丁子香酚(EXXVIII)、丁子香酚(EXXIX)、胡椒基醇(EXXX)、别嘌呤醇(EXXXI)、conyferyl alcohol(EXXXII)、4-羟基苯乙醇(4-hydroxyphenetylalcohol)(EXXXIII)、对香豆醇(EXXXIV)、姜黄(EXXXV):
-芳族和杂环胺类,选自下列:N,N’-二苯基-对苯二胺(MI)、乙氧喹(MII)、硫堇(MIII)、羟基脲(MIV):
-含有至少一个游离酸官能团的化合物,选自下列:3,3’-硫代二丙酸(NI)、富马酸(NII)、二羟基马来酸(NIII)、硫辛酸(NIV)、乙二胺四乙酸(NV)、胆红素(NVI)、3,4-亚甲基二氧基肉桂酸(NVII)、胡椒基酸(NVIII):
所述的药物和B前体化合物按照现有技术和“默克索引(The MerkIndex),第12a版,(1996)”所述的已知方法制备,其在此引入作为参考。
与视黄酸衍生的维生素D3衍生物(QVIII)如JP 93039261(参见C.A.119 117617)所述制备;式(QIX)的化合物按照EP 562497;24,28-亚甲基-1α-羟基维生素D2(QX)按照EP 578494;脱羟基维生素D2的衍生化合物(QXI)按照EP 549318制备。
优选的B化合物是那些符合试验4的化合物。
鉴定式(I)的R基团的药物前体的试验详细如下所述:
试验1(NEM):对由N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)给药后所生成的自由基诱导的氧化应激反应导致的胃肠损伤的评估(H.G.Utley,F.Bernheim,P.Hochstein“Sulphydril试剂对微粒体中过氧化作用的影响”Archiv.Biochem.Biophys.118,29-32 1967)。
动物(大鼠)分为下列组(各组10只动物):
A)对照组:
10组:处理:只用载体(1%w/v羧甲基纤维素的水混悬液,剂量:5ml/Kg,当药物经口服(os)给药时;或当非肠道给药时,即皮下、腹膜内、静脉内或肌肉内途径,用生理溶液),
20组:处理:定义如上的载体+NEM,
B)用药物处理的组:
I组:处理:载体+药物,
II组:处理:载体+药物+NEM。
给药途径是那些药物所采用的已知给药途径,并且可以是经口服或皮下、非肠道、静脉内或肌肉内途径给药。
NEM的剂量是在生理溶液中25mg/kg(皮下给药)并且在悬浮于载体中1小时后药物以单剂量给药,所述的剂量相当于可以被未用NEM预处理大鼠组的动物耐受的最大或最高剂量,即该组动物中没有出现表观中毒的最高可施用剂量,所谓中毒是指可以清楚地辨认其症状。24小时后处死动物,此后评估对胃肠粘膜的损伤。
当用NEM+载体+药物处理的大鼠组表现出胃肠损伤,或在该组中观察到胃肠损伤比用载体单独处理组、或用载体+药物处理组、或用载体+NEM处理组的胃肠损伤更加严重,即使利用其他特定试验测定的药物的药学治疗功效没有明显降低时,药物符合试验1,也就是说,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物。
试验2(CIP):内皮细胞抗由氢过氧化枯烯(CIP)诱导的氧化应激反应的保护参数。
按照常规标准方法制备人脐静脉的内皮细胞。向新制脐静脉中加入0.1%(重量)胶原酶溶液并且在37℃下培育5分钟。
此后,静脉用培养基M 199(GIBCO,Grand Island,NY)pH 7.4灌注,该培养基中按照实施例所述加入了其他物质。通过离心从灌注液收集细胞并且收获在培养瓶T-75中,用纤连蛋白预处理。随后将细胞收获在相同的培养基中,进一步加入10ng/ml的牛下丘脑生长因子。当初级细胞培养物的细胞(即直接得自离体物)形成单层融合细胞(约8,000,000个细胞/瓶)时,停止培养并且洗涤各层,胰蛋白酶消化。将细胞混悬液转移到24孔细胞培养平板的孔中,随后其中半数加入同样的培养基,该培养基中含有浓度为10-4M的药物,在37℃、恒定湿度的恒温器中收获。只取源自第一传代培养的细胞用于用氢过氧化枯烯(CIP)的试验。细胞通过形态学检验并通过其对第VIII因子的特异性免疫学反应来鉴定为内皮细胞;该培养物没有表现出任何被肌细胞或成纤维细胞污染。
试验开始之前,除去细胞培养基,细胞层仔细地用37℃的生理溶液洗涤。培养平板的孔随后于5mM的CIP在培养基中培育1小时。通过相对于对照组(用CIP单独处理)测定DNA片段化的百分变化率进行细胞损伤(细胞凋亡)的评估,评价波长405-450nm下的荧光变异。每种样本按一式五份进行。
当相对于用CIP单独处理的组而言对CIP所诱导的细胞凋亡(细胞损伤)没有获得统计学意义上的明显抑制(p<0.01)时,药物符合该试验,也就是说,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物。
试验3(L-NAME):通过给药L-NAME(NW-硝基-L-精氨酸-甲酯)诱导的内皮功能障碍的评价J.Clin.Investigation 90,278-281,1992。
通过测定L-NAME给药对胃肠粘膜的损伤、肝损伤和高血压来评估内皮功能障碍。
动物按照下面所述分组。接受L-NAME的组用所述化合物处理4周,该化合物以400mg/L的浓度溶于饮用水中。下列组包括(组中10只动物):
A)对照组:
10组:只用载体(1%w/v羧甲基纤维素的水混悬液,剂量:当药物经口服(os)给药时,剂量为5ml/Kg;当非肠道给药时用生理溶液)处理,
20组:定义如上的载体+L-NAME,
B)用药物处理的组:
30组:载体+药物,
40组:载体+药物+L-NAME。
给药途径是那些药物所采用的已知给药途径,并且可以是经口服或皮下、腹膜内(intraperiteneal)、静脉内或肌肉内途径。药物是以可以被未用L-NAME预处理的大鼠组的动物仍然耐受的最高的剂量给药,即该组的动物中没有出现明显中毒的最高可施用剂量,所谓中毒是指可以清楚地辨认其症状。该药物每天给药1次共4周。
在4周处理结束时,禁水并且在24小时后处死动物。
处死之前1小时测量血压,采用血压增量作为对血管内皮损伤的评估。对胃粘膜的损伤如试验1中所述评估(参见实施例F1)。处死后通过评价谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT增量)检测肝损伤。
当用L-NAME+药物+载体处理的大鼠组中发现比在单独用载体处理的组、用载体+药物处理的组中或在用载体+L-NAME处理的组中更高的肝损伤(GPT)和/或更高的胃损伤和/或更高的心血管(血压)损伤;即使药物的通过特定试验分析的药学治疗功效没有明显降低时,药物符合试验3,也就是,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物。
在上面体内试验1和3中指出的条件下,药物的治疗指数有所降低,因为药物显效的常规剂量不再被耐受。
试验4是一种比色试验,其能够确定B的前体是否能够抑制DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基-偕腙肼)自由基的产生(M.S.Nenseter etAl.,Atheroscler.Thromb.15,1338-1344,1995)。制备试验物质在甲醇中的100μM溶液,将各种这样的等份溶液加入DPPH在甲醇中的0.1M溶液中。室温下将溶液避光保存30分钟后,读取其在517nm波长的吸光度,以及相同浓度下相应DPPH溶液的吸光度。相对于DPPH的溶液测定相同浓度下试验溶液的吸光度的减小量。试验化合物抑制DPPH形成自由基的有效性用下式表示:
(1-AS/Ac)×100其中AS和AC分别是含有试验化合物和DPPH的溶液和只含有DPPH的溶液的吸光度值。
当DPPH产生自由基的百分抑制率(按照上述公式表示为百分比)高于或等于50%时,B的化合物前体符合试验4。
试验5是一个比色试验,其中把0.1ml等份的10-4M试验产物的甲醇溶液加入试管中,该试管含有由0.2ml的2mM脱氧核糖、0.4ml的100mM磷酸盐缓冲液pH 7.4和0.1ml的1mM FeII(NH4)2(SO4)2的2mM HCl溶液。随后试管在37℃下保持1小时。随后向该各个试管中顺序加入0.5ml的2.8%三氯乙酸水溶液和0.5ml的0.1M硫巴比妥酸水溶液。通过向只含有上述反应物的水溶液的试管内加入0.1ml的甲醇来制备参比空白。密封试管并且在100℃的油浴内加热15分钟。显出粉色,其强度与经过自由基氧化降解的脱氧核糖的量成比例。使溶液冷却至室温并相对于空白读取溶液在532nm下的吸光度。通过下面的公式确定由B的前体所引起的对FeII控制的自由基产生的抑制作用:
(1-AS/Ac)×100其中AS和AC分别是含有试验化合物+铁盐的溶液的吸光度值和只含有该铁盐的溶液的吸光度值;当B的前体对上述自由基产生的抑制百分率高于或等于50%时,化合物符合试验5。
意外地,本发明的式(I)的产物在氧化应激反应条件下与前体药物相比具有改进的治疗指数。
出于举例说明的目的,上述试验涉及下列化合物。参见表格。试验1:前体药物:吲哚美辛
-对大鼠的最大可施用剂量:7.5mg/Kg p.o.通过施用一个更高剂量,表现出毒性,特征在于肠病、震颤、镇静直至死亡(24小时内)。
-用上述剂量的NEM+吲哚美辛处理的大鼠组表现出胃肠损伤。
由于吲哚美辛在用NEM处理的组中引起胃肠损伤,它符合试验1。因此,吲哚美辛可以用作制备本发明的化合物(I)和(II)的药物。试验2:前体药物:吲哚美辛、对乙酰氨基酚和氨基水杨酸
吲哚美辛和对乙酰氨基酚符合试验2,因为对由CIP引起的细胞损伤(细胞凋亡)的抑制作用与对照物没有明显区别。
所以,上述药物可以作为药物用来制备本发明的化合物(I)和(II)。
相反,氨基水杨酸不符合试验2,因为它抑制CIP引起的细胞凋亡。所以,氨基水杨酸按照试验2无法作为前体用来制备本发明的化合物(I)和(II)。然而已经发现氨基水杨酸符合试验1引起胃肠损伤。
所以,氨基水杨酸也可以作为前体用来制备本发明的化合物(I)和(II)。试验3(L-NAME)前体药物:对乙酰氨基酚、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑。
对乙酰胺基酚和辛伐他汀符合试验3,因为它们引起的胃和肝脏损伤比通过L-NAME+载体和通过药物+载体引起的损伤更加严重。
所以,它们可以作为前体用来制备本发明的化合物(I)和(II)。
相反,发现奥美拉唑既不引起胃损伤也不引起肝脏损伤,另外对血压无影响。按照试验3,奥美拉唑不能作为前体用来制备本发明的化合物(I)和(II)。试验4(用于B的前体化合物的试验)
N-乙酰半胱氨酸在该试验中可以100%的抑制有DPPH引起的自由基的产生。因为该百分率高于50%的限度,该药物无法在本发明中用作B的前体。
4-噻唑烷-甲酸不能以任何程度抑制由DPPH引起的自由基的产生(表V)。因此,该药物不符合本发明所要求的试验4,但如果它符合试验5就可以作为B的前体。试验5(用于B的前体化合物的试验)
涉及该试验的表III显示4-噻唑烷甲酸符合试验5,因为百分抑制率为100%。所以该化合物可以用作B的前体。
nIX是0至3的整数,优选1;
RTIX、RTIX’彼此相同或不同,是H或直链或支链C1-C4烷基;优选RTIX、RTIX’是H。
Y3是含有至少一个氮原子,优选含有1或2个氮原子的饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,该环具有5或6个原子。Y3环可以任选地具有取代基,例如CH2OH。
Y3在式(III)中优选选自下列:
首选的Y3是Y12(吡啶基)。
通过在有机溶剂如乙腈、四氢呋喃中与等摩尔量的相应有机或无机酸反应可以得到式(I)化合物的盐。
有机酸的实例是:草酸、酒石酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸。
无机酸的实例是:硝酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸。
按照本发明的衍生物可以用于前体药物的治疗适应症中,由此获得一些组的这些药物下文所例举的优点:
-抗炎药NSAID:本发明的化合物产生非常良好的耐受性和有效性,甚至当生物体衰弱时和发现在氧化应激反应的条件下。所述药物也可以用于那些其中炎症发挥显著致病作用的病变,例如但不限于癌症、哮喘、心肌梗塞。
-肾上腺素能阻断剂,α-或β-阻断剂型:式(I)化合物的作用谱比起始药物的作用谱宽:直接作用于平滑肌,与对神经β-肾上腺素能信号控制的血管收缩的抑制作用有关。降低了影响呼吸器官的副作用(呼吸困难、支气管收缩)。
-抗血栓药物:具备抗血小板活性并且在阿司匹林的情况中改进了胃的耐受性。
-支气管扩张药和作用于胆碱能系统的药物:降低了影响心血管器官的副作用(心动过速、高血压)。
-祛痰药和粘液溶解剂药物:改进了胃肠耐受性。
-二磷酸盐:大大地降低了与胃肠道有关的毒性。
-磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂(支气管扩张药):当剂量相等时,提高了治疗功效;因此可以利用本发明的化合物施用较低剂量的药物并且减少副作用。
-抗白三烯药物:功效更好。
-ACE抑制剂:疗效更好且影响呼吸器官的副作用(呼吸困难、咳嗽)较低。
-抗糖尿病药物(胰岛素敏感性和降血糖性)、抗生素、抗病毒药、抗肿瘤药物、抗结肠炎(anticolitic)药物、痴呆治疗的药物:疗效和/或耐受性更好。
可以在本发明的通式中用作前体的药物是所有符合至少一个上述试验的那些药物。可以使用的前体药物的实例如下所述:
对于抗炎/止痛药物,例如可以提及下列药物
抗炎药:醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、乙酰水杨酸、5-氨基-乙酰水杨酸、阿氯芬酸、阿明洛芬、氨芬酸、苄达酸、柏莫洛芬、α-没药醇、溴芬酸、溴水杨醇、布氯酸、布替巴芬、卡洛芬、桂美辛、环氯茚酸、氯吡酸、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、地他唑、苯乙氨茴酸、依托度酸、依托芬那酯、联苯乙酸、芬布芬、芬克洛酸、芬度柳、非诺洛芬、芬替酸、非普地醇、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、葡美新、水杨酸羟乙酯、布洛芬、异丁普生、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、三苯唑酸、伊索克酸、伊索昔康、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、氨基水杨酸(mesalamine)、甲嗪酸、莫苯唑酸、萘普生、尼氟酸、奥沙西罗、奥沙普秦、羟布宗、帕沙米特、哌立索唑、乙酰水杨酸苯酯、奥沙拉嗪、吡唑(pyrazolac)、吡罗昔康、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、丙替嗪酸、醋水杨胺、水杨酰胺O-乙酸、水杨酸硫酸酯、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、琥布宗、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、噻拉米特、替诺立定、托芬那酸、托美丁、托普辛(tropesin)、联苯丁酸、希莫洛芬、扎托洛芬、佐美酸、托莫普罗;
镇痛药:对乙酰氨基酚、醋氨沙洛、氨氯苯嗪、乙酰水杨酸2-氨基-4-吡啶甲酸、乙酰水杨酰水杨酸、阿尼利定、苯噁洛芬苄吗啡、5-溴水杨酰乙酸、布西汀、丁丙诺非、布托啡诺、辣椒辣素(capsaicine)、辛可芬、西拉马朵、氯美辛、氯尼辛、可待因、地索吗啡、地佐辛、二氢可待因、双氢吗啡、地美庚醇、地匹乙酯、依他佐辛、依托沙秦、乙基吗啡、丁香酚、夫洛非宁、磷柳酸、格拉非宁、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异丁芬酸、对乳酰乙氧苯胺、左啡诺、美普他酚、美他佐辛、美托酮、吗啡、纳布啡、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、喷他佐辛、非那佐辛、非诺考(phenocoll)、苯哌利定、保泰松、水杨酸苯酯、苯拉米度(phenylramidol)、水杨甙、水杨酰胺、醋托啡烷(tiorphan)、曲马朵、双醋瑞因、阿克他利;
作用于呼吸和泌尿生殖器官的药物(支气管扩张药和对胆碱能系统具有活性的药物、祛痰药/粘液溶解剂、抗哮喘/抗变态反应抗组胺药物),可以提及下列药物:
支气管扩张药和作用于胆碱能系统的药物:茶碱乙酸、沙丁胺醇、班布特罗、巴米茶碱、甲硫贝弗宁、比托特罗、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、氯喘通、二羟西君、山荷叶素、麻黄素、肾上腺素、依普罗醇、乙他定(etafredine)、乙基去氧肾上腺素、乙羟茶碱、非诺特罗、氟托溴胺(flutoprium bromide)、海索那林、异丙托溴铵、异他林、异丙肾上腺素、马布特罗、奥西那林、奥昔布宁、氧托溴铵、吡布特罗、丙卡特罗、普罗托醇、丙羟茶碱、瑞普特罗、利米特罗、沙美特罗、索特瑞醇、特布他林、1-替溴(teobromine)乙酸、噻托溴铵、曲托喹酚、妥洛特罗、扎普司特、环戊君、NS-21、2-羟基-2,2-二苯基-N-(1,2,3,6-四氢-吡啶-4-基甲基)乙酰胺;
祛痰药/粘液溶解剂药物:氨溴索、溴己新(bromexine)、多米奥醇、厄多司坦、愈创木酚、愈创甘油醚、碘甘油、来托司坦、美司钠、索布瑞醇、司替罗宁、萜品醇、硫普罗宁;
抗哮喘/抗变态反应抗组胺药物:阿伐斯汀、阿洛拉胺、氨来呫诺、西替利嗪、氯苯西泮、色糖酯(chromoglycate)、色林(chromolyn)、依匹斯汀、非索那定(fexofenadine)、福莫特罗、组胺、羟嗪、左卡巴斯汀、洛度沙胺、马布特罗、异丙辛胺、孟替司特(montelukast)、萘多罗米、瑞吡司特、塞曲司特、甲磺司特、特非那定、噻拉米特、漆儿茶酚、溴己新;
对于心血管药物(ACE抑制剂、β-阻断剂、抗血栓和血管扩张药物、抗糖尿病药和降血糖药物),可以提及下列药物:
ACE抑制剂:阿拉普利、贝那普利、卡托普利、西罗普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、依那普利、依那普利拉、福辛普利、咪达普利、赖诺普利、氯沙坦、莫维普利、萘托地尔(naphthopidil)、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、螺普利、替莫普利、群多普利、乌拉地尔;
β-阻断剂:醋丁洛尔、阿普洛尔、氨磺洛尔、阿罗洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、贝凡洛尔、布库洛尔、布非洛尔、丁呋洛尔、布尼洛尔、布拉洛尔、丁非洛尔(butofilol)、卡拉洛尔、卡替洛尔、卡维地洛、塞利洛尔、塞他洛尔、地来洛尔、依泮洛尔、艾司洛尔、茚诺洛尔、拉贝洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美替洛尔、美托洛尔、莫洛尔、纳多洛尔、萘肟洛尔、奈必洛尔、硝苯洛尔、尼普地洛(nipridalol)、氧烯洛尔、喷布洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普拉洛尔、丙萘洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、硫氧洛尔、他林洛尔、特他洛尔、替利洛尔、噻吗洛尔、托利洛尔、希苯洛尔;
抗血栓和血管作用药物:醋托啡(acetorphan)、乙酰水杨酸、阿加曲班、巴美生、琥珀苯呋地尔、苯碘达隆、倍他司汀、溴长春胺、丁苯碘胺、胞磷胆碱、氯苯呋醇、氯吡格雷、环扁桃酯、达肝素、双嘧达莫、氢普拉明、依诺肝素、芬地林、艾芬地尔、伊洛前列素、吲哚布芬、伊波格雷、异克舒令、肝素、拉米非班(lamifiban)、米多君(midriodine)、那屈肝素、烟醇、布酚宁、奥扎格雷、哌克昔林、苯丙醇胺、普尼拉明、罂粟林、瑞维肝素钠盐、利多格雷、舒洛地尔、替诺非君、亭扎肝素、三氟柳、烟酸羟丙茶碱;
抗糖尿病药:阿卡波糖、氨磺丁脲、格列波脲格列噻唑、米格列醇、瑞格列奈、曲格列酮、1-丁基-3-溴苯辛(metanyl)-脲、托瑞司他、烟酰胺;
对于抗肿瘤药物,可以提及下列药物:安西他滨、安曲霉素、阿扎胞苷、偶氮丝氨酸、6-氮尿苷、比卡鲁胺、卡柔比星、嗜癌霉素、苯丁酸氮芥、氯脲菌素、阿糖胞苷、柔红霉素、地磷酰胺、秋水仙胺、二甲叶酸、6-重氮基-5-氧-L-正缬氨酸、多西塞尔(docetaxel)、去氧氟尿苷、阿霉素、屈洛昔芬、依达曲沙、依氟鸟氨酸、依诺他滨、表阿霉素、环硫雄醇、依他硝唑、依托泊苷、芬维A胺、氟达拉滨、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、己烷雌酚、伊达比星、氯尼达明、甘露莫司汀、美法仑、美诺立尔、6-巯基嘌呤、氨甲蝶呤、二溴甘露醇、二溴卫矛醇、丝裂霉素、米托蒽醌、莫哌达醇、麦考酚酸、氨甲叶酸、诺拉霉素、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、喷司他丁、吡柔比星、吡曲克辛、普卡霉素、鬼臼酸(podophyllic acid)、卟吩姆钠、泊非霉素、丙帕锗、嘌罗霉素、雷莫司汀、维生素A酸、罗喹美克、链霉黑素、链佐星、替尼泊苷、细格孢氮杂酸、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、托木得克(tomudex)、托泊替堪(topotecan)、三甲曲沙、杀结核菌素、乌苯美司、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞宾、佐柔比星;
对于抗溃疡药物可以提及下列药物:ε-乙酰氨基己酸、阿巴前列素、西曲酸酯、西咪替丁、依卡倍特、恩前列素、艾沙拉唑、伊索拉定、米索前列醇、奥美拉唑、奥诺前列素、泮托拉唑、普劳诺托、利奥前列素、罗沙前列醇、罗曲酸、索法酮、曲莫前列素;
在抗高脂血症药物(他汀类)可以提及下列药物:阿托他汀(atorvastatin)、西司他丁、制皮菌素、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、美伐他汀、制霉菌素、喷司他丁、胃酶抑素、普伐他汀钠(privastatinsodium)、辛伐他汀;
在抗生素/抗病毒药物中可以提及下列药物:亚胺青霉素(amdinocillin)、羟氨苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素、阿帕西林、阿哌环素、阿扑西林、叠氮氯霉素、阿度西林、阿洛西林、氨曲南、苯沙酸、苄青霉素酸、比阿培南、二环霉素、卷曲霉素、羧苄西林、卡茚西林、卡芦莫南、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢孟多、头孢曲秦、头孢西酮、头孢唑啉、头孢拉宗、头孢克定、头孢地尼、头孢托仑、头孢吡肟、头孢他美、头孢克肟、头孢甲肟、头孢美唑、头孢米诺、头孢地秦、头孢尼西、头孢哌酮、头孢雷特、头孢噻肟、头孢替坦、头孢替安、头孢西丁、头孢唑兰、头孢咪唑、头孢匹胺、头孢匹罗、头孢丙烯、头孢沙定、头孢磺啶、头孢他啶、头孢特仑、头孢替唑、头孢布烯、头孢噻夫、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢唑南、头孢乙腈钠、头孢氨苄、头孢来星、头孢噻啶、头孢菌素C、头孢噻吩、头孢吡林钠、头孢拉定、氯霉素、金霉素、西诺沙星、克拉维酸、氯甲西林、氯唑西林、环青霉素、环丝氨酸、地美环素、双氯西林、依匹西林、芬贝西林、氟氧头孢、氟氯西林、海他西林、亚胺培南、仑氨西林、氯碳头孢、赖甲环素、磺胺米隆、甲氯环素、美罗培南、美坦西林、美他环素、甲氧西林钠、美洛西林、米诺环素、拉氧头孢、莫匹罗星、堆囊粘菌素、负霉素、新生霉素、苯唑西林、帕尼培南、青霉素G钾盐、阿地西林、阿美西林、青霉素V、非奈西林钾盐、匹哌环素、哌拉西林、吡利霉素、泊非霉素、波吡西林(propycillin)、喹那西林、利替培南、罗利环素、山环素、西地霉素、大观霉素、舒巴坦、磺苄西林、替莫西林、四环素、替卡西林、替吉莫南、杀结核菌素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、地红霉素、恩维霉素、红霉素、交沙霉素、麦迪霉素、美欧卡霉素(miokamycin)、竹桃霉素、利福布汀、利福米特、利福霉素、利福昔明、罗他霉素、螺旋霉素、醋竹桃霉素、紫霉素、维吉霉素;
阿米卡星、安普霉素、阿贝卡星、地贝卡星、双氢链霉素、福提霉素(fortimicins)、庆大霉素、小诺米星、新霉素、奈替米星、巴龙霉素、核糖霉素、西索米星、大观霉素、链霉素(streptomicin)、妥布霉素、丙大观霉素;
巴氨西林、头孢卡品匹伏昔(cefcapene pivoxil)、头孢泊肟proxetil、帕尼培南、匹氨西林、匹伏克辛(pivcefalexin)、舒它西林、酞氨西林;
卡波霉素、克林霉素、林可霉素、米卡霉素、罗沙米星、环丙沙星、克林沙星、二氟沙星、依诺沙星、恩氟沙星、氟罗沙星、氟甲喹、格帕沙星、洛美沙星、那氟沙星、萘啶酸、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、帕祖沙星(pazufloxacin)、培氟沙星、吡哌酸、吡咯米酸、芦氟沙星、司氟沙星、托氟沙星、曲伐沙星(lrovafloxacin)、氯莫环素、胍甲环素、土霉素、硝呋吡醇、硝呋拉嗪;对氨基水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸酰肼、氯法齐明、去氧双氢链霉素、乙胺丁醇、葡烟腙、异烟肼、奥匹烟肼、氨基水杨酸苯酯、利福平、利福喷汀、水杨烟肼、4-4’-亚磺酰基(sulfynyl)二苯胺、醋地砜、氨苯砜、琥珀氨苯砜、p-磺胺酰苄胺、噻唑砜、乙酰基磺胺甲氧吡嗪、磺胺脒隆、4’-(甲基氨磺酰基)磺酰苯胺(sulfanilanilide)、柳氮磺嘧啶、磺胺苯酰、磺胺醋酰、磺胺氯达嗪、磺胺柯定、磺胺西汀、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺戊烯、磺胺地索辛、磺胺多辛、磺胺乙二唑、磺胺脒、磺胺呱诺、磺胺林、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲二唑、磺胺托嘧啶(Sulfamethomidine)、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺甲氧嗪、磺胺甲噻唑、磺胺美曲、磺胺米柯定、磺胺噁唑、磺胺、2-p-磺胺酰基苯氨基乙醇、N4-磺胺酰基磺胺、磺胺酰脲、N-磺胺酰-3,4-丙谷胺、磺胺培林、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺普罗林、磺胺吡嗪、磺胺吡啶、磺胺异噻唑、磺胺均三嗪、磺胺噻唑、磺胺硫脲、磺胺索嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑、4-磺胺酰氨基水杨酸;负霉素、卡芦莫南、氯羟喹、硝羟喹啉、精氨酸、甲硝唑;
抗病毒药物:无环鸟苷、金刚烷胺、西多福韦(cidofovir)、阿糖胞苷、去羟肌苷、二脱氧腺苷、依度尿苷、泛昔洛韦、氟尿苷、更昔洛韦、碘苷、吲达那韦(indanavir)、乙氧丁酮醛、拉米夫定、MADU、喷昔洛韦、鬼臼毒素(Podophyllotoxin)、利巴韦林、金刚乙胺、沙奎那韦、索立夫定、司他夫定(stavudine)、曲氟尿苷、伐昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、珍那佐酸、扎西他宾、齐多夫定;
在骨再吸收抑制剂(二膦酸盐(diphosphomates))可以提及下列药物:阿仑膦酸、布替膦酸、依替膦酸、奥昔膦酸、帕米膦酸、利塞膦酸;
在抗痴呆药物可以提及下列药物:阿米利定(amiridine)、拉扎贝胺、莫非吉兰、沙贝路佐(salbeluzol)、奥拉西坦、伊匹克林(ipidacrine)、奈拉西坦、他克林、维吖啶。
优选的物质是下列:
在抗炎药中:乙酰水杨酸、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、卡洛芬、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、氨基水杨酸、萘普生、尼氟酸、奥沙拉嗪、吡罗昔康、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、托芬那酸、托美丁、佐美酸、托莫普罗;
在镇痛药中:对乙酰氨基酚、乙酰水杨酰水杨酸、苯噁洛芬、丁丙诺非、布托非诺、辣椒辣素、双醋瑞因、二氢可待因、乙基吗啡、丁香酚、保泰松、美普他酚、吗啡、纳布啡、喷他佐辛、四氢噻吩(thiorphan)、曲马朵、阿克他利;
在呼吸和泌尿生殖器官药物中:(支气管扩张药、作用于胆碱能系统的药物、祛痰药/粘液溶解剂、抗哮喘药/抗变态反应抗组胺药物):
支气管扩张药和作用于胆碱能系统的药物:沙丁胺醇、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、山荷叶素、乙羟茶碱、非诺特罗、异丙托溴铵、奥西那林、奥昔布宁、吡布特罗、沙美特罗、特布他林、噻托溴铵、扎普司特、环戊君、NS-21、2-羟基-2,2-二苯基-N-(1,2,3,6-四氢-吡啶-4-基甲基)乙酰胺;
祛痰药/粘液溶解剂药物:氨溴索、溴己新、愈创木酚、索布瑞醇;
抗哮喘/抗变态反应抗组胺药物:西替利嗪、色糖酯、组胺、左卡巴斯汀、洛度沙胺、孟替司特、特非那定、溴己辛。
在心血管药物中:
ACE-抑制剂:卡托普利、依那普利、赖诺普利、氯沙坦、雷米普利;
β-阻断剂:阿普洛尔、阿替洛尔、布拉洛尔、拉贝洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美托洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔、噻吗洛尔;
抗血栓药物和血管作用药物:乙酰水杨酸、醋托啡、阿加曲班、氯吡格雷、达肝素、双嘧达莫、依诺肝素、肝素、伊洛前列素、米多君、奥扎格雷、苯丙醇胺三氟柳;
糖尿病治疗药:托瑞司他、烟酰胺;
在抗肿瘤药物中:安曲霉素、柔红霉素、阿霉素、表阿霉素、氟尿嘧啶、氨甲蝶呤、长春碱;
在抗溃疡药物中:西咪替定、奥美拉唑、泮托拉唑;
在抗高脂血症药物中:洛伐他汀、普伐他汀钠、辛伐他汀;
在抗生素/抗病毒药物中:
抗生素:羟氨苄青霉素、氨苄西林、氨曲南、比阿培南、羧苄西林、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢孟多、头孢曲嗪、头孢西丁、克拉维酸、双氯西林、亚胺培南、甲氯环素、美他环素、拉氧头孢、帕尼培南、舒巴坦、阿奇霉素、红霉素、交沙霉素、美欧卡霉素、利福布汀、利福米特、利福霉素、庆大霉素、巴龙霉素、西索米星、巴氨西林、卡波霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星、克林沙星、二氟沙星、恩氟沙星、洛美沙星、那氟沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、吡哌酸、阿哌环素、氯莫环素、土霉素、硝呋吡醇、硝呋拉嗪、异烟肼、利福平、利福喷汀、氨苯砜、噻唑砜、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺噁唑、甲硝唑、精氨酸;
抗病毒药物:无环鸟苷、泛昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、利巴韦林、阿糖腺苷、齐多夫定;
在骨再吸收抑制剂中:阿仑膦酸、依替酸、帕米膦酸;
在抗痴呆药物中:奥拉西坦、他克林、维吖啶。
在上述物质中,R前体是按照所属领域的已知方法制备。参加例如“默克索引(The Merk Index)”第12版(1996),在此引入作为参考。当可得到时,可以采用相应的异构体,包括旋光异构体。
托莫普罗按照EP 12,866所述制得。
位置1-2:可以存在双键;
位置2-3:可以存在下列取代基:
位置2:可以存在Cl、Br;
位置3:可以存在CO、-O-CH2-CH2-Cl、OH;
位置3-4:可以存在双键;
位置4-5:可以存在双键;
位置5-6:可以存在双键;
位置5-10:可以存在双键;
位置6:可以存在Cl、F、CH3、-CHO;
位置7:可以存在Cl、OH;
位置9:可以存在Cl、F;
位置11:可以存在OH、CO、Cl、CH3;
位置16:可以存在CH3、OH、=CH2:
R和R’彼此相同或不同,可以是氢或直链或支链的具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,优选R=R’=CH3;
R″是-(CO-L)t-(L)t2-(X0 I)t1-
其中t、t1和t2彼此相同或不同,是0或1的整数;条件是当t=0时t2=1和当t=1时t2=0;并且t和t1,或t2和t1,当A不含有-OH基时不同时等于0;
二价桥连基L选自:
(CR4R5)na(O)nb(CR4R5)n’a(CO)n’b(O)n”b(CO)nb(CR4R5)n”a
其中na、n’a和n”a彼此相同或不同,是0-6的整数,优选1-3;nb、n’b、n”b和nb彼此相同或不同,是0或1的整数;R4、R5彼此相同或不同,选自H、直链或支链的具有1-5个碳原子的烷基,优选1-3个碳原子;
优选R″=-CO-CH2OH、-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-COOH。
在前体甾族化合物中,那些在位置3和/或位置11中具有羟基官能团,和/或在末端位置R″中具有羟基官能团的那些是优选化合物。
可以提及并且优选的A的前体甾族化合物是下列那些按照所属领域已知方法获得的物质。
作为前体和各自的制备方法,譬如可以提及默克索引,1996年的第12版(在此引入作为参考)中描述的那些。前体(按照默克命名法)是下列,其中H2、H、R、R’、R″具有本发明所列化合物中提及的含义:布地奈德、氢化可的松、阿氯米松、阿尔孕酮、倍氯米松、倍他米松、氯泼尼松、氯倍他索、氯倍他松、氯可托龙、氯泼尼醇、可的松、皮质甾醇、地夫可特、地奈德、去羟米松、地塞米松、二氟拉松二氟可龙、二氟泼尼酯、氟扎可特、氟氯奈德、氟米松、氟尼缩松、氟轻松、氟轻松醋酸酯、氟考丁酯、氟可龙、氟米龙、醋酸氟培龙、醋酸氟泼尼定、氟泼尼龙、氟氢缩松、福莫可他、哈西奈德、丙酸卤倍他索(Halobetasol Propionate)、卤米松、醋酸卤泼尼松、氢可他酯、氯替泼诺Etabonate、甲羟松、甲泼尼松、甲泼尼龙、糠酸莫米松、帕拉米松、泼尼卡酯、泼尼松龙、泼尼松龙25-二乙基氨基乙酸酯、泼尼松龙磷酸钠、泼尼松、强的松龙戊酸酯、泼尼立定、利美索龙、曲安西龙、曲安奈德、21-乙酰氧基孕烯诺龙、可的伐唑、安西奈德、丙酸氟替卡松、马泼尼酮、替可的松、己曲安奈德、熊去氧胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸、米他二醇(Mitatrienediol)、莫克雌醇、乙炔雌二醇、雌二醇、美雌醇。
式(I)化合物按照下文所述制备。
如果药物的反应性基团(例如-COOH、-OH)含在共价键中,例如酯、酰胺、醚类,可以通过所属领域已知的方法复原该官能团。
获得式(I)化合物所采用的反应是导致键如酯、酰胺、硫酯类形成的、所属领域技术人员熟知的反应。
如果在反应的两种化合物中存在其他官能团COOH和/或HX,其中X定义如上,它们必须在反应之前按照所属领域的已知方法加以保护;例如如Th.W.Greene在“有机合成中的保护基(Protectivegroups in organic synthesis)”Harward University Press,1980所述。
当基团B中存在第二反应性官能团,XZ和类,其中X、Z、ZI和ZII如上述定义,或为COOH、=NH官能团时,它可以结合B,式(III)的一个相应基团,其中所述的自由价被反应性官能团饱和以便与B的反应性官能团联合。另外在这种情况中,该反应是所属领域常用的那些反应。
所得的化合物与药物前体反应。
本发明的化合物目标是与常规赋形剂一起按照所属领域的熟知方法配制为非肠道、口服和局部使用的相应药物组合物;例如参见文献“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences”第15版。
基于活性要素在这些制剂中的摩尔量与相应前体药物的用量相同,或者更低。
可施用的日剂量是前体药物的日剂量,或者可能更低。日剂量可以在该领域的出版物中发现,例如在“医生工作手册(Physician’sDesk reference)”中。
下列实施例目的在于举例说明本发明而不能被视作对本发明的限定。实施例1
a)(S,S)-N-乙酰基-S-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)半胱氨酸的合成
向6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酸(10g,43.4mmoles)在氯仿(100ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(6ml)中的溶液内加入1,1’-羰基二咪唑(7.04g,43.4mmoles)。15分钟后,所得的溶液用(S)-N-乙酰半胱氨酸(7.08g,43.4mmoles)处理且在室温下放置12小时。反应混合物用HCl 5%洗涤,随后用水且最后用盐水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥(anhydrified)并在减压下蒸发。所得残余物通过层析在硅胶上纯化,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到11.66g预期的产物,其为白色固体的形式,m.p.122°-126℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.71-7.65(3H,m),7.34(1H,dd),7.16-7.09(2H,m),6.36(1H,d),4.67(1H,m),4.00(1H,q),3.90(3H,s),3.32(2H,t),1.84(3H,s),1.59(3H,d)。实施例2
a)(S)-N-乙酰基-S-(α-甲基[4-(2-甲基丙基)苯]乙酰基}半胱氨酸的合成
向α-甲基[4-(2-甲基丙基)苯]乙酸(10g,48.48mmoles)在氯仿(100ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(6ml)中的溶液内加入1,1’-羰基二咪唑(7.86g,48.48mmoles)。1小时后所得的溶液用(S)-N-乙酰半胱氨酸(7.91g,48.47mmoles)处理并在室温下放置24小时。反应混合物依次用HCl 5%、水和盐水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下蒸发。所得残余物通过层析在硅胶上纯化,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到13.3g油形式的预期产物。1H-NMR(CDCl3):10.17(1H,s)7.13(2H,d) 6.54(1H,d),4.76(1H,m),3.93(1H,q),3.42-3.30(2H,m),2.49(2H,d),1.85-1.83(4H,m),1.55(3H,d),0.93(6H,d)。实施例3
具有下式的(S)-N-乙酰基-S-[1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-乙酰基]半胱氨酸的合成
a)(S)-N-乙酰基-S-[1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-乙酰基]半胱氨酸的合成
向1-(4-氯苯甲酰基)-5-甲氧基-2-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-乙酸(10g,28.00mmoles)在氯仿(100ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(2ml)中的溶液内加入1,1’-羰基二咪唑(4.53g,28.00mmoles)。1小时后所得的溶液用(S)-N-乙酰半胱氨酸(4.56g,28.00mmoles)处理并在室温下放置24小时。反应混合物依次用HCl 5%、水和盐水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下蒸发。所得的残余物通过层析在硅胶上纯化,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,得7.79g黄色固体形式的预期产物,其m.p.129℃。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):12.90(1H,s),8.21(1H,d),7.69-7.64(4H,m),7.06(1H,d),6.96(1H,d),6.73(1H,dd),4.33(1H,m),4.02(2H,s),3.77(3H,s),3.33-2.96(2H,m),2.22(3H,s),1.78(3H,s)。实施例4
该化合物按照实施例1所述方法制备。该化合物看似油状物。收率:70%。1H-NMR(CDCl3):8.38(1H,d),7.67-7.50(6H,m),7.49-7.53(2H,m),4.52-4.41(1H,m),4.22(1H,q),3.50-3.10(2H,m),1.92(3H,s),1.58(3H,d)。实施例5
具有下式的反式-3-[4-[α-甲基-[4-(-2-甲基丙基)苯]乙酰氧基]-3-甲氧基苯基]-2-丙烯酸的合成:
a)反式-3-[4-[α-甲基-[4-(-2-甲基丙基)苯]乙酰氧基]-3-甲氧基苯基]-2-丙烯酸
向α-甲基-[4-(2-甲基丙基)苯]乙酸(5.03g,24.4mmoles)的四氢呋喃(100ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5ml)溶液中加入1,1-羰基二咪唑(4.25g,24.8mmoles)。1小时后所得的溶液用阿魏酸(4.90g,25mmoles)处理,加入乙醇钠(89mg),随后室温下搅拌12小时。反应混合物依次用HCl 5%、水和盐水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥并且减压下蒸发。所得的残余物通过层析在硅胶上纯化,用乙酸乙酯/正己烷7/3洗脱,得到5.1g白色固体的反式-3-[4-[α-甲基-[4-(-2-甲基丙基)苯]乙酰基]-3-甲氧基苯基]-2-丙烯酸,m.p.131°-137℃1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.72(1H,d),7.32(2H,dd),7.26(1H,m),7.16-7.07(4H,m),6.98(1H,d),6.37(1H,d),3.99(1H,q),3.73(3H,s),2.47(2H,d),1.88(1H,m),1.63(3H,d),0.92(6H,d)。实施例6
具有下式的反式-3-[4-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1’-联苯基)-4-乙酰氧基]-3-甲氧基苯基]-2-丙烯酸的合成:
该化合物按照实施例5所述方法合成。总收率为60%。该化合物看似无定形固体。1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.75(1H,d),7.52(2H,m),7.46-7.26(4H,m)7.26(3H,m),7.05(2H,m),7.00(1H,d),6.37(1H,d),4.03(1H,q),3.77(3H,s),1.65(3H,d)。实施例7
N-乙酰基-S-[(S)-α-(2-氯苯基)-6,7-二氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-5(4H)乙酰基](S)-半胱氨酸的制备其中所述的前体是具有式(XI)的氯吡格雷并且B的前体是具有式(CVIII)的N-乙酰基半胱氨酸:
该化合物按照实施例1所述的方法合成。收率为51%。元素分析:计算值C:53.03% H:4.67% N:6.18% S:14.16% Cl:17.82%实测值C:53.00% H:4.63% N:6.15% S:14.10% Cl:17.87%实施例8
a)4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]反式环己醇的合成
搅拌下,向4-[(2-氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇(5g,13.22mmoles)在二噁烷(35ml)和水(50ml)中的混合物内加入三乙胺(3.31ml,23.7mmoles)和二碳酸二叔丁酯(3.46g,15.86mmoles)。24小时后,该溶液在真空下浓缩,加入HCl 1%溶液直至中性pH(pH=7),有机相用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用硫酸钠干燥并真空蒸发,得到4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇,其无需进一步纯化就可使用。
b)(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)-2-反式-丙烯酰基-4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯的合成
向阿魏酸(4g,20.5mmoles)在四氢呋喃(40ml)中冷却至0℃的溶液内加入1,1’-羰基二咪唑(3.34g,20.5mmoles)。10分钟后,该溶液用4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇(9.8g,20.5mmoles)处理并且室温下反应4小时。该反应混合物真空下浓缩,用二氯甲烷处理,依次用HCl 1%溶液和水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥,随后真空蒸发。所得的残余物通过层析在硅胶上纯化,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯1/1洗脱,得到(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)-2-反式丙烯酰基4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯。
c)[3-甲氧基-4-羟基)苯基]-2-反式丙烯酰基-4-[(2-氨基-3,5-二溴-苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯
冷却至0℃并保持在搅拌下,向(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基)-2-反式丙烯酰基-4-[(2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)-甲基氨基]环己醇酯(2g,3.06mmoles)在乙酸乙酯(50ml)中的溶液内加入5N HCl在乙酸乙酯中的溶液(3.17ml)。最后过滤沉淀。所得的粗产物用乙酸乙酯处理,向其中加入5%碳酸氢钠溶液。振摇该混合物,并且用等份的水代替碳酸氢钠溶液。再次振摇该混合物,回收有机相,用硫酸钠干燥且在减压下蒸发,得到[3-甲氧基-4羟基苯基]-2-反式丙烯酰基4-[(2-氨基-3,5-二溴苯基)甲基氨基]环己醇酯。收率:41%。元素分析:计算值C:50.90% H:4.62% N:4.94% Br:28.22%实测值C:50.81% H:4.63% N:4.89% Br:28.18%实施例9
a)S-[[2-[4-[(4-氯苯基)苯基甲基]-1-哌嗪基]乙氧基]乙酰基]N-叔丁氧基羰基青霉胺的合成
该化合物按照实施例1所述的方法制备,用N-叔丁氧基羰基-青霉胺代替N-乙酰基半胱氨酸。
b)S-[[2-[4-[(4-氯苯基)苯基甲基]-1-哌嗪基]乙氧基]乙酰基]-青霉胺的合成
按照实施例8的步骤c)所述的方法由上面的产物制得该化合物,从而脱除保护基N-叔丁氧基羰基并且回收胺aminic(官能团)。收率:29%。元素分析:计算值C:58.96% H:6.59% N:7.63% S:5.83% Cl:16.44%实测值C:58.89% H:6.50% N:7.58% S:5.79% Cl:16.40%实施例10
N-乙酰基-S-[(S)-1-[N-[1-(乙氧基羰基)-3-苯基丙基]-L-丙氨酰基]-L-脯氨酰]半胱氨酸的制备其中所述的前体是式(XV)的依那普利并且B的前体是N-乙酰半胱氨酸(式CVIII):
该化合物按照实施例1所述方法合成。收率:35%元素分析:计算值C:58.30% H:6.96% N:7.84% S:5.98%实测值C:58.25% H:6.94% N:7.88% S:5.87%实施例11
a)N-烟酰基-β-丙氨酰基(L)-组氨酸的合成
搅拌下,向冷却至0℃的烟酸(2.5g,20.5mmoles)在四氢呋喃(40ml)中的溶液内加入1,1’-羰基二咪唑(3.34g,20.5mmoles)。10分钟后向该溶液内加入(L)-肌肽(4.6g,20.5mmoles),室温下搅拌4小时。该反应混合物真空下浓缩,用二氯甲烷处理,依次用HCl 1%和水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥并真空蒸发。所得的残余物在硅胶柱上层析,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到N-烟酰基-β-丙氨酰基(L)-组氨酸。收率:45%。元素分析:计算值C:54.49% H:4.88% N:21.27%实测值C:54.30% H:5.00% N:21.30%实施例12
该药物按照实施例8所述方法合成。收率:28%元素分析:计算值C:57.66% H:5.32% N:10.13%实测值C:57.70% H:5.37% N:10.11%实施例13
该化合物按照实施例1所述方法合成。收率:63%。元素分析计算值C:51.69% H:4.65% N:4.31% S:9.86%实测值C:51.64% H:4.68% N:4.33% S:9.89%实施例14
4-[3-[3-甲氧基-5-羟基苯基]-2-丙烯酰氧基]-2-甲基-N-2-吡啶基-2H-1,2-苯并噻嗪-3-甲酰胺-1,1-二氧化物其中所述的前体是式(XXVIII)的吡罗昔康并且B的前体是阿魏酸(式DII):
该化合物按照实施例8所述的方法合成。收率:25%。元素分析计算值C:59.14% H:4.17% N:8.31% S:6.31%实测值C:59.01% H:4.09% N:8.20% S:6.21%实施例15
该化合物按照实施例9所述方法合成。收率:53%。元素分析计算值C:49.88% H:3.66% N:7.30% S:8.32% Cl:18.40%实测值C:49.90% H:3.64% N:7.29% S:8.25% Cl:18.35%实施例16
3-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1’-联苯基)-4-乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸的合成
a)3-[2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1’-联苯基)-4-乙酰基]噻唑烷-4-甲酸的合成
向冷却至0℃的2-氟-α-甲基-(1,1’-联苯基)-4-乙酸(10g,41mmoles)在甲苯(100ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10ml)中的溶液内加入草酰氯(3.52ml,82mmoles),室温下2小时后,减压下蒸发溶液。所得残余物溶于丙酮(50ml)中且将该溶液加到冷却至0℃的4-噻唑烷甲酸(5.44g,41mmoles)和三乙胺(14.9ml,106mmoles)的丙酮(50ml)溶液中。2小时后,该混合物用
HCl 4N酸化,真空下浓缩,残余物用乙酸乙酯处理,有机相首先用HCl 2N洗涤,随后用水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥并且减压下蒸发。通过用乙酸乙酯/正己烷结晶,得到白色固体形式的9.4ml的预期产物,m.p.142-147℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.74-7.62(4H,m),7.35(2H,t),7.18-7.13(2H,m),5.06(1H,m),4.63(1H,d),4.42(1H,d),4.14(1H,q),3.13(2H,m),1.53(3H,d)。实施例17
a)3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)噻唑烷-4-甲酸的合成
向冷却至0℃的6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酸(4.02g,17.5mmoles)在甲苯(30ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.3ml)的溶液内加入草酰氯(2.92ml,34.06mmoles)。室温下2小时后,该溶液在减压下蒸发。将所得残余物溶于丙酮(50ml)中,并且将该溶液加到冷却至0℃的4-噻唑烷甲酸(2.33g,17.5mmoles)和三乙胺(6.34ml,45.5mmoles)在丙酮(50ml)的溶液内。2小时后该混合物用HCl 4N酸化,真空下浓缩,残余物用乙酸乙酯处理且有机相首先用HCl 2N、随后用水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥且在减压下蒸发,得到白色固体形式的4.43g预期产物,m.p.165-168℃。1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.75-7.66(3H,m),7.34(1H,d),7.14-7.11(2H,m),5.14(1H,m),4.80-4.61(2H,m),4.07(1H,q),3.91(3H,s),3.30-3.23(2H,m),1.53(3H,d)。实施例18
从式(VI)的萘普生起始。B的前体是(L)-2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸(式PV):
a)3-(6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酰基)-(R)-2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸的合成
向冷却至0℃的6-甲氧基-α-甲基-2-萘乙酸(7.0g,30.4mmoles)在甲苯(100ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10ml)中的溶液内加入草酰氯(5.23ml,61mmoles)。室温下2小时后,在减压下蒸发该溶液。在冷却至-10℃下,向所得残余物溶于四氢呋喃(50ml)所得的溶液内加入2-氧代噻唑烷-4-甲酸(4.07g,27.6mmoles)、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.84g,6.9mmoles)、三乙胺(7.69ml,55.2mmoles)在四氢呋喃(50ml)中的混合物。室温下放置24小时。反应混合物用HCl 5%洗涤,随后用水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥并在减压下蒸发。所得的残余物通过层析在硅胶上纯化,用二氯甲烷/甲醇95/5洗脱,得到6.79g无定形固体形式的预期产物。元素分析计算值C:60.16% H:4.76% N:3.89% S:8.92%实测值C:60.22% H:4.80% N:3.83% S:8.91%实施例19
a)[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰氧基](L)-组氨酸的合成
在0℃、搅拌下,向双氯芬酸(3g,10.13mmoles)在四氢呋喃(50ml)中的溶液内加入1,1’-羰基二咪唑(1.69g,10.13mmoles)。10分钟后该溶液用(L)组氨酸(1.57g,10.13mmoles)处理且在室温下搅拌4小时。反应混合物在真空下浓缩,用二氯甲烷处理,随后依次用HCl1%和用水洗涤。有机相用硫酸钠干燥并真空蒸发。所得的残余物通过层析在硅胶柱上纯化,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到[2-[(2,6-二氯苯基)氨基]苯乙酰氧基](L)-组氨酸。收率:61%。元素分析计算值C:55.45% H:4.18% N:12.92% Cl:16.36%实测值C:55.48% H:4.23% N:12.88% Cl:16.25%药理学试验实施例急性毒性
通过用插管、经口饲(os)向一组10只体重为20g的大鼠施用单剂量的各个试验化合物在2%w/v羧甲基纤维素中的混悬液以评估急性毒性。
持续观察动物14天。即使在给予100mg/kg剂量,组中也没有动物出现中毒症状。实施例F1
试验1-采用N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)的体内试验模型:筛选某些药物作为本发明的化合物的前体的胃耐受性的研究
动物(大鼠,体重约200g)分配为下列组(组中10只动物):
A)对照组:
10组:处理:只用载体(1%w/v羧甲基纤维素的水混悬液,剂量:5ml/Kg,当药物经口服(os)给药时;当非肠道给药时用生理溶液),
20组:处理:载体+NEM,
B)用药物处理的组:
I组:处理:载体+药物,
II组:处理:载体+药物+NEM。
在本试验中分析的药物如下所述(表I):吲哚美辛、氨溴索、氨基水杨酸、阿仑酸钠(sodic alendronate)、他克林、奥美拉唑、米索前列醇。
吲哚美辛、氨溴索和二膦酸盐通过os给药,氨基水杨酸通过结肠内(直肠)途径给药,并且他克林、奥美拉唑、米索前列醇通过皮下途径给药。
通过把各种物质经上述途径施用给未用NEM处理的动物测定最大耐受剂量,表I中给出最大耐受剂量。当采用比表中更高的剂量时,动物中会出现肠病、腹泻、抑郁、震颤和镇静。
在该试验模型中动物首先用NEM处理,经皮下注射给以生理溶液中25mg/kg的剂量。悬浮于载体中的药物在1小时后给药。24小时后处死动物,通过记数各组中具有目测胃损害的大鼠数目进行胃粘膜损伤的评估,随后上述大鼠的总数除以组的大鼠总数并且乘以100。由此所得的百分比如表I所示。该表显示在用所述药物而不是NEM处理的大鼠的组中,没有可检测到的胃损伤。
所有II组的大鼠(用NEM处理)在给予下列药物后表现出胃损伤:吲哚美辛、氨溴索、氨基水杨酸、阿仑酸钠、他克林。因此,所述该药物可以用来合成本发明的产物。
基于试验1所提供的结果,奥美拉唑和米索前列醇不可以用于制备本发明的产物。实施例F2
试验2(体外):在一些筛选作为本发明化合物的前体的药物存在下由CIP在内皮细胞内引起的细胞凋亡(DNA片段化)的抑制作用
业已测试了下列前体药物(表II):吲哚美辛、对乙酰胺基酚、氯吡格雷、沙丁胺醇、氨溴索、阿仑酸钠、山荷叶素、西替利嗪、依那普利、烟酰胺、氨苄青霉素、阿昔洛韦、氨基水杨酸、他克林、辛伐他汀(simvastine)、奥美拉唑。
按照标准方法制备人脐静脉的内皮细胞。新制的脐静脉填充胶原酶溶液0.1%(重量)并且在37℃下温育5分钟。
随后该静脉用含有0.1%(重量/体积)胶原酶的培养基M199(GIBCO,Grand Island,NY)pH 7.4灌注,该培养基中加入了10%胎牛血清(10mcg/ml)、肝素钠(50mcg/ml)、胸腺嘧啶核苷(2.4mcg/ml)、谷氨酰胺(230mcg/ml)、青霉素(100UI/ml)、链霉素(100mcg/ml)和链霉素B(0.125mcg/ml)。通过在800rpm下离心收集灌注液中的细胞并且收获到培养瓶T-75中,该培养瓶用纤溶酶预处理。随后将细胞收获在相同的培养基中,其中加入了牛下丘脑生长因子(100ng/ml)。当初级细胞培养物的细胞(直接取自体外脐静脉的细胞)形成单层的融合细胞(约8,000,000个细胞/瓶)时,停止收获并且洗涤各层且胰蛋白酶消化。将该细胞混悬液转移到具有24孔的培养平板的孔内,半数的孔内加入含有浓度为10-4M的药物的相同培养基,并且在37℃的恒定湿度(90%)、CO2=5%下收获。当药物不溶于该培养基时,首先令其溶于少量的二甲基亚砜中。可以加入培养基中的二甲基亚砜的最大量为0.5%。只有这些源自第一传代的细胞被用于与氢化过氧化枯烯(CIP)的试验。通过形态学检验和通过对第VIII因子的特异性免疫反应鉴定细胞内皮细胞。这些培养物不曾显示出被肌细胞和成纤维细胞污染。
开始试验之前,在37℃下,除去细胞培养基并且仔细地用标准生理溶液洗涤细胞,该溶液用磷酸盐0.1M pH 7.0缓冲。然后各孔的内容物与在培养基中浓度为5mM的CIP混悬液一起培养。通过测定在含有药物+CIP的培养物中相对于只用CIP处理的对照物中DNA片段化的百分变异率来进行细胞损伤(细胞凋亡)的评估。通过用BX60Olympus显微镜(Olympus Co.,Roma)设定在405-450nm的波长下评估试验样本相对于对照物光密度的荧光变化可以测定所述的DNA片段化的%变异率。各样本的荧光按一式5份测试。利用t Student试验进行统计学评价(p<0.01)。
结果如表II所示并且显示出吲哚美辛、对乙酰胺基酚、氯吡格雷、沙丁胺醇、阿仑酸钠、山荷叶素、西替利嗪、依那普利、烟酰胺、氨苄青霉素、阿昔洛韦、他克林、奥美拉唑没有显著抑制细胞凋亡;所以这些药物可以用来制备本发明的产物。
相反地,氨溴索、氨基水杨酸和辛伐他汀能够抑制细胞凋亡。所以基于试验2的结果,这些化合物不能用来制备本发明的产物。实施例F3
试验3-采用NW-硝基-L-精氨酸-甲酯(L-NAME)的体内试验模型:一些筛选作为本发明的化合物的前体的药物的胃耐受性(胃肠损伤发生率)、肝(GPT量,谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶)和心血管(血压)耐受性。
该试验模型采用如J.Clin.Investigation 90,278-281,1992所述的模型。
通过测定由L-NAME给药诱发的胃肠粘膜损伤、肝损伤(GPT增高)和血管内皮或心血管损伤如血压来评价内皮功能障碍。
将动物(大鼠,平均200g)分为下面的组。接受L-NAME的组用所述的化合物处理4周,所述的化合物以400mg/L的浓度溶于饮用水中。下列组(每组10只动物)包括:
A)对照组:
10组:处理:只用载体(1%w/v羧甲基纤维素的水混悬液,剂量:当药物经口服(os)给药时,5ml/Kg;或当非肠道给药时用生理溶液),
20组:处理:载体+L-NAME,
B)用药物处理的组:
30组:处理:载体+药物,
40组:处理:载体+药物+L-NAME。
该试验中所用的药物是对乙酰胺基酚、阿霉素、辛伐他汀、奥美拉唑和米索前列醇。各药物每天给药1次共4周。
在未处理动物单独剂量按比例放大的实验中,通过评价动物中症状的表象如肠病、腹泻、抑郁、震颤、镇静,可以测定出施用给动物的药物的最大耐受剂量。
在4周结束时,阻止获得水并且在24小时后处死动物。
处死之前1小时测量血压,血压增高被视为对血管内皮造成损伤的指征。
胃粘膜的损伤按上述试验1(试验F1)评估。通过在处死后评估谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT增量)来测定肝损伤。
当在用L-NAME+药物+载体处理的组中发现比只用载体处理的组,或用载体+药物处理的组,或用载体+L-NAME处理的组的肝损伤(较高的GPT值)和/或胃损伤和/或心血管损伤(血压较高)更高时,该药物符合试验3并且可以用来制备本发明的化合物。
该试验结果如表IV中给出。%胃损害如试验1所述测定。%GPT和%血压值是相对于第一对照组的动物中的血压值而言。该组中的血压的平均值为105±8mmHg。
所得结果表明对乙酰胺基酚、阿霉素和辛伐他汀引起肝损伤和胃肠病(GPT值和胃损害的百分率高于用药物且L-NAME不存在下处理的相应组和用L-NAME处理的对照组)。
因此这些药物可以用来制备本发明的产物。
根据该试验,奥美拉唑和米索前列醇应不能用来制备本发明的产物。实施例F4
试验4:某些作为B的前体的物质的对由DPPH产生自由基的抑制作用
该方法基于比色试验,其中DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基-偕腙肼)用作形成自由基的化合物(M.S.Nenseter et Al.,Atheroscler.Thromb.15,1338-1344,1995)。
首先制备试验物质的终浓度为100μM的甲醇溶液。将0.1ml的这些溶液各自加到1ml的0.1M DPPH的甲醇溶液的等分试样内,随后使终体积达到1.5ml。该溶液在室温下避光保存30分钟后,读取在517nm波长下的吸光度。相对于含有相同浓度的DPPH的溶液的吸光度测定吸光度的减量。
试验化合物抑制自由基产生的效能,或抗自由基活性,由下式表示:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中AS和AC分别是含有试验化合物+DPPH的溶液的吸光度和只含有DPPH的溶液的吸光度。
如果如上定义的自由基产生抑制率等于或高于50%,该按照本发明使用的化合物符合试验4。
在表V中报告了由下列物质获得的结果:N-乙酰半胱氨酸、半胱氨酸、阿魏酸、(L)-肌肽、龙胆酸、4-噻唑烷甲酸和2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸。
表V显示:
-N-乙酰半胱氨酸、半胱氨酸、阿魏酸、(L)-肌肽、龙胆酸符合试验4,因为它们抑制DPPH诱导的自由基的产生达到高于50%的程度。
-4-噻唑烷甲酸和2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸无效,因为它们不能抑制DPPH的自由基产生。所以,如果它们符合试验5,它们可以作为B的化合物的前体用于合成本发明的化合物。实施例F5
试验5:用作B的前体的化合物对由FeII产生的自由基的抑制作用
将0.1ml等份的10-4M 4-噻唑烷甲酸和2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸的甲醇溶液加入到试管内,该试管内含有通过混合0.2ml的2mM脱氧核糖、0.4ml的缓冲剂磷酸盐pH 7.4 100mM和0.1ml的1mM存在于2mMHCl中的FeII(NH4)2(SO4)2构成的水溶液。随后试管在37℃下维持1小时。向各试管内依次加入0.5ml的2.8%三氯乙酸的水溶液和0.5ml的0.1M硫代巴比妥酸的水溶液。参比空白是用0.1ml甲醇替代上述0.1ml的试验化合物甲醇溶液。密封试管且在100℃油浴内加热15分钟。显出粉色,其强度与经自由基氧化降解的脱氧核糖的量成比例。将该溶液冷却至室温,相对于空白读取532nm下的吸光度。
由B的前体或B1或C=-TC-Y-H(其中所述的自由价如上述定义饱和)对由FeII产生自由基的抑制测定为下式所示的百分比:
(1-AS/AS)×100其中AS和AC分别是含有试验化合物+铁盐的溶液的吸光度和只含有铁盐的溶液的吸光度。
结果报告在所附的表内,其显示两种酸在抑制铁离子的自由基产生中具有活性。所以,这些化合物可以用作B的前体用于制得本发明化合物。实施例F6
本发明化合物相对于相应前体药物在由L-NAME(NW-硝基-L-精氨酸-甲酯诱导的内皮障碍条件下的胃耐受性试验
重复实施例F3并且评价下列前体药物和本发明相应衍生物两者的胃耐受性:
-双氯芬酸和按照实施例15的相应衍生物,
-吡罗昔康和按照实施例14的相应衍生物,
-阿司匹林和按照实施例13的相应衍生物。
结果报告在表VI中并且显示,通过施用相同剂量的本发明化合物和相应的前体药物,在用本发明的化合物处理的组中胃病发生率明显降低或消失。实施例20
化合物(CCI)已经按照实施例8所述方法制得。收率:30%。元素分析计算值:C:71.71 H:6.71 N:3.22实测值:C:71.79 H:6.75 N:3.17实施例21
化合物(CCII)按照实施例1所述的方法制得。收率:13%元素分析计算值:C:57.25 H:5.00 N:2.78 S:6.37实测值:C:57.30 H:5.02 N:2,72 S:6.35实施例22
化合物(CCIII)按照实施例8的方法制得。收率:43%元素分析计算值:C:61.65 H:4.78 N:8.30 S:6.33实测值:C:61.71 H:4.85 N:8.25 S:6.35实施例23
式(CCIV)的[1S-[1α,3α,7β,8β,(2S*,4S*)]]-2,2-二甲基丁酸1,2,3,7,8,8-六氢-3,7-二甲基-8-[2-[四氢-4-[(3-甲氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-2-反式丙烯酰氧基]-6-氧代-2H-吡喃-2-基]乙基]-1-萘酯的合成
从式(XXI)的辛伐他汀和式(DII)的阿魏酸开始
化合物(CCIV)按照实施例8的方法制得,收率:21%。元素分析计算值:C:70.68 H:7.80实测值:C:70.70 H:7.82实施例24
化合物(CCV)按照实施例9的方法合成。收率:13%。元素分析计算值:C:52.48 H:5.87 N:11.66 S:13.34实测值:C:52.51 H:5.90 N:11.61 S:13.30实施例25
化合物(CCVI)按照实施例19所述的方法制得。收率:17%元素分析计算值:C:50.14 H:4.77 N:27.29实测值:C:50.17 H:4.75 N:27.22实施例26
化合物(CCVII)按照实施例8所述的方法制得,收率:10%。元素分析计算值:C:39.54 H:4.98 N:3.29 P:14.57实测值:C:39.57 H:5.01 N:3.24 P:14.56实施例27
式(CCVIII)的5-[[(S)-α-氨基-1H-咪唑-4-丙酰基]氨基]1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶的合成
化合物(CCVIII)按照实施例19所述方法制得。收率:15%。元素分析计算值:C:68.04 H:6.31 N:20.88实测值:C:68.08 H:6.37 N:20.84实施例28
式(CCIX)的(8S-顺式)-10[(3-氨基,2,3,6-三脱氧-α-L-来苏糖型-外型吡喃糖基)氧基]-7,8,9,10-四氢,6,8,11-三羟基-8-[[[(3-甲氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-2-反式丙烯酰基-氧基-]甲基-氧代]-1-甲氧基-5,12-并四苯二酮
从式(XXXII)的阿霉素和式(DII)的阿魏酸开始
化合物(CCIX)按照实施例8所述方法制得。收率:10%元素分析计算值:C:61.75 H:5.18 N:1.95实测值:C:61.81 H:5.22 N:1.90实施例F7
用三个大鼠组(各组10只动物)重复实施例F1,它们全部接受NEM,并且经口服给予下列物质:
a.对照组:有1%w/v羧甲基纤维素的水混悬液构成的赋形剂,
b.一组(b组-对照)同时给予存在于相同上述赋形剂中的100mg/Kg(0.48mmoles/Kg)的布洛芬+79mg/Kg(0.48mmoles/Kg)的N-乙酰半胱氨酸,
c.一组(c组)给予存在于上述相同赋形剂中的170.4mg/Kg(0.48mmoles/Kg)的吲哚美辛与N-乙酰基半胱氨酸之间形成的酯(参见实施例2)。
结果报告在表VII内并且显示出,施用给b组(对照)的混合物在减轻胃损害中的功效低于施用给c组的本发明的化合物。
表I
试验1:本发明中举例的药物种类的代表药物在未处理或用NEM处理(氧化应激反应条件)动物中的胃耐受性。%发生率由患有胃损害的动物数目与该组动物总数之间的比例计算的 | |||
化合物 | 剂量(mg/Kg)/给药途径 | 胃肠病(%发生率) | |
载体吲哚美辛氨溴索氨基水杨酸二膦酸盐他克林奥美拉唑米索前列醇 | 7.5/p.o.25/p.o.750/i.c.15/p.o.1/s.c.30/s.c.0.5/s.c. | 无NEM | 用NEM |
00000000 | 010080609010000 |
p.o.=口服;i.c.=经结肠内途径;
s.c.=经皮下途径。
表II
试验2:在本发明举例药物种类的代表性药物的存在下内皮细胞中由CIP诱导的细胞凋亡(DNA片段化)的抑制 | |
化合物 | 细胞凋亡%相对于只用CIP处理的对照 |
吲哚美辛对乙酰胺基酚氯吡格雷沙丁胺醇氨溴索二膦酸盐山荷叶素西替利嗪依那普利烟酰胺氨苄青霉素阿昔洛韦氨基水杨酸他克林辛伐他汀奥美拉唑 | 951201109070160951158098949574907290 |
表III
试验5:所列物质抑制FeII诱导的自由基产生的功效的筛选 | |
化合物 | %FeII源自由基的抑制 |
空白2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸4-噻唑烷甲酸组氨酸 | 010010090 |
表IV
试验3:在由L-NAME诱发的内皮障碍的条件下本发明例举药物种类的一些代表性化合物的胃耐受性(胃肠损伤发生率)、肝脏(GPT,谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶量)和心血管(血压)耐受性。与血压和GPT有关的结果表示为相比于只用载体不用L-NAME处理的动物中结果的%值。 | |||||||
化合物 | 剂量mg/Kg/给药途径 | 血压% | GPT% | 胃肠病% | |||
载体对乙酰胺基酚阿霉素辛伐他汀奥美拉唑米索前列醇 | 300/i.p.1/i.p.50/p.o.30/s.c.0.5/s.c. | 10010812085100100 | 152155145148150142 | 100180195122100100 | 155500360220160160 | 02030000 | 309010060105 |
表V
试验4:所列化合物在抑制由DPPH产生自由基的功效的筛选 | |
化合物 | %抑制由DPPH产生自由基 |
溶剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸半胱氨酸阿魏酸(L)-肌肽龙胆酸4-噻唑烷甲酸2-氧代-4-噻唑烷甲酸组氨酸 | 01001001008080000 |
表VI
按照本发明的衍生物与相应前体药物相比的胃耐受性 | ||
处理 | 剂量mg/kg | 胃病%发生率 |
载体 | - | 30 |
双氯芬酸双氯芬酸衍生物(实施例15)吡罗昔康吡罗昔康衍生物(实施例14)阿司匹林阿司匹林衍生物(实施例13) | 101010105050 | 1001010001000 |
表VII
口服施用NEM后胃耐受性的试验(实施例F7) | ||
组 | 剂量mg/Kg p.o. | 胃病%发生率 |
对照b组-对照布洛芬(A)+N-乙酰半胱氨酸(B)的混合物c组布洛芬与N-乙酰半胱氨酸的酯 | -100(A)+79(B)170.4 | -6010 |
Claims (18)
1.通式(I)的化合物或其盐:
A-B (I)其中:
A=R-T1-,其中
R是药物基团和
T1=(CO)t或(X)t′,其中X=O、S、NR1c,R1c是H或具有1-5个碳
原子的直链或支链烷基,或自由价,t和t’是整数并且等于0
或1,条件是当t’=0时t=1;当t’=1时t=0;
B=-TB-X2其中
当t=0时TB=(CO),当t’=0时TB=X,X如上述定义;
单价基团X2是符合试验5和/或试验4的B的相应前体;所述
的式-TB-X2的前体,其中TB自由价用-OZ或Z饱和,其中Z=H
或R1a,R1a是C1-C10=直链或可能时支链的烷基,优选C1-C5烷
基,
ZI和ZII相同或不同且具有Z值,取决于TB=CO或是X,与t、
t’值有关;条件是:
药物A=R-T1-,其中所述的自由价按照下文所述被饱和:
-当t’=0时用:
-当t=0时用X-Z,其中X和Z定义如上,
由此符合至少下列试验1-3之一;
其中试验1(NEM)是一个在四组大鼠(每组由10只大鼠组成)上进行的体内试验;在对照组(2组)和被处理组(2组)中,一个对照组和一个被处理组分别皮下(s.c.)给予剂量为25mg/kg的N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM),对照组用载体处理,同时被处理组用载体+式A=R-T1-的药物处理,其中所述的自由价如上所述被饱和;药物是以等于可被未接受NEM的大鼠最大耐受的剂量给药,即可以施用给动物的、在该剂量下无表观毒性的最高剂量,表观毒性是在症状上可观察到的;当用NEM+载体+药物处理的大鼠组中表现出胃肠损伤时,或在用NEM+载体+药物处理的组中观察到比用载体处理的组、用载体+药物处理的组或用载体+NEM处理的组中更高的胃肠损伤时,所述药物符合试验1,也就是说,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物;
-其中试验2(CIP)是一个体外试验,在该试验中在标准条件下由脐静脉收获人内皮细胞,随后分为2组(每组平行进行5次),其中一组用在培养基中浓度为10-4M的药物的混合物处理,另一组用载体处理;此后将在培养基中浓度为5mM的氢化过氧化枯烯(CIP)加入这两组的各组中;如果对于用载体和CIP处理的组来说对CIP所诱导的细胞凋亡(细胞损伤)的统计学意义的抑制作用没有获得p<0.01,该药物符合试验2,也就是说,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物;
其中试验3(L-NAME)是一个在四组大鼠(每组由10只大鼠组成)上进行4周且接受饮用水的体内试验,对照组(2组)和被处理组(2组)中,其中一个对照组和一个被处理组分别在4周内接受加入了浓度为400mg/L的N-ω-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)的饮用水,对照组在这4周内给予载体,同时被处理组在这4周内接受载体+药物,所述的载体或药物+载体每天施用一次,所述药物是以可被未用L-NAME预处理的大鼠组耐受的最大剂量给药的,即可施用给动物的无表观毒性,也就是在症状上观察不到的最高剂量;4周后,停止供水24小时,随后处死动物,处死之前1小时测量血压,并且在处死大鼠后测定处死后的血浆谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT),并检查胃组织;当在用L-NAME+载体+药物处理的大鼠组中,在分别与用载体单独处理的组、用载体+药物处理的组或用载体+L-NAME处理的组对比时发现肝损伤更加严重(测出较高的GPT值)和/或胃和/或心血管损伤更高(测定出血压值更高)时,该药物符合试验3,也就是说,该药物可以用来制备通式(I)和(II)的化合物;
其中试验4是一个分析测定试验,该试验通过向DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-苦基偕腙肼-自由基)的甲醇溶液中分多份加入的浓度为10-4M的B或B1的前体的甲醇溶液进行的;此后室温下避光保持该溶液30分钟,在517nm波长下读取该试验溶液的吸光度以及只含有与试验溶液中等量的DPPH的溶液的吸光度;并且随后通过下式以百分率计算该前体所诱导的由DPPH产生的自由基的抑制作用:
(1-AS/AC)×100其中As和Ac分别是含有试验化合物+DPPH的溶液的吸光度值和只含有DPPH的溶液的吸光度值;如果上述定义的抑制百分率高于或等于50%,该化合物符合试验4可以用作B的前体;
其中试验5是一个分析测定试验,是通过将等份B的前体的10-4M甲醇溶液加入通过2mM脱氧核糖水溶液与100mM磷酸盐缓冲液和1mM的盐FeII(NH4)2(SO4)2混合而成的溶液内进行的;该溶液在37℃下恒温1小时后,依次加入等份的三氯乙酸2.8%水溶液和硫代巴比妥酸0.5M水溶液,在100℃下加入15分钟,此后在532nm下读取试验溶液的吸光度;由B的前体在抗FeII产生的自由基中所引起的抑制作用按照下式计算为百分率:
(1-As/Ac)×100其中AS和AC分别是含有试验化合物和铁盐的溶液的吸光度值和只含有铁盐的溶液的吸光度值,当B的前体的如上定义的抑制百分率高于或等于50%时该化合物符合试验5。
2.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中所述的符合试验5的B的前体化合物选自下列化合物:
-一元或多元醇或硫醇类:2-巯基尿嘧啶(QI)、2-巯基乙醇(QII)、埃司利定(QIII)、司骨化醇(QIV)、1-α-OH维生素D2(QV)、氟卡骨化醇(QVI)、22-氧骨化醇(QVII)、用维生素A基团酯化的维生素D3(QVIII)、式(QIX)的化合物、24,28-亚甲基-1α-羟基维生素D2(QX),由1α,25-二羟基维生素D2衍生的化合物(QXI)、2-巯基咪唑(QXII) 其中n03彼此相同或不同,是等于0或1的整数;n3彼此相同或不同,是0-3的整数;W彼此相同或不同,选自下列:HX,其中X如上定义,COOH、R’、OR’,其中R’是直链或可能时为支链的具有1-20个碳原子的烷基,优选具有1-6个碳原子的烷基;Rf,ORf,其中Rf如R’所述但含有至少一个取代H的卤素原子,优选为F;当所述的药物反应官能团是羧基时,至少一个W基团是XH;当所述的药物反应性官能团为XH时,是COOH;
当n03=0时,如果n3不是0,则n3基团的自由价被下列取代基之一饱和:R’、OR’、Rf、ORf、H;当n03=0且n3=0时,该自由价被H饱和。
3.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中所述的符合试验4的B的前体化合物选自下列种类的化合物:
-氨基酸,选自下列:L-肌肽(式CI)、鹅肌肽(CII)、硒代半胱氨酸(CIII)、硒代蛋氨酸(CIV)、青霉胺(CV)、N-乙酰青霉胺(CVI)、半胱氨酸(CVII)、N-乙酰半胱氨酸(CVIII)、谷胱甘肽(CIX)或其酯,优选乙酯或丙酯:
对于化合物(CV)、(CVI)、(CVII)和(CVIII)其中存在SH,相应化合物SN(O)s也可以用来代替SH,其中s是1或2;
-羟基酸类化合物,选自下列:没食子酸(式DI)、阿魏酸(DII)、龙胆酸(DIII)、柠檬酸(DIV)、咖啡酸(DV)、氢咖啡酸(DVI)、p-香豆酸(DVII)、香草酸(DVIII)、绿原酸(DIX)、犬尿喹啉酸(DX)、丁香酸(DXI):
-芳族和杂环一元-和多元醇,选自下列:去甲二氢愈创木酸(EI)、五羟黄酮(EII)、儿茶素(EIII)、莰非醇(EIV)、硫乙炔(EV)、抗坏血酸(EVI)、异抗坏血酸(EVII)、氢醌(EVIII)、棉子酚(EIX)、还原酸(EX)、甲氧基氢醌(EXI)、苯偏三酚(EXII)、没食子酸丙酯(EXIII)、蔗糖(EXIV)、维生素E(EXV)、维生素A(EXVI)、8-喹诺醇(EXVII)、3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚(EXVIII)、3-羟基黄酮(EXIX)、3,5-叔丁基对羟基甲苯(EXX)、对叔丁基苯酚(EXXI)、噻吗洛尔(EXXII)、希波酚(EXXIII)、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基-硫代乙醇酸酯(EXXIV)、4’-羟基丁酰苯胺(EXXV)、愈创木酚(EXXVI)、母育酚(EXXVII)、异丁子香酚(EXXVIII)、丁子香酚(EXXIX)、胡椒基醇(EXXX)、别嘌呤醇(EXXXI)、conyferyl alcohol(EXXXII)、4-羟基苯乙醇(EXXXIII)、对香豆醇(EXXXIV)、姜黄(EXXXV):
-芳族和杂环胺类,选自下列:N,N’-二苯基对苯二胺(MI)、乙氧喹(MII)、硫堇(MIII)、羟基脲(MIV):
4.按照权利要求2-3的化合物,其中所述的B的前体化合物是那些符合试验4的化合物。
7.按照权利要求6的化合物,其中
式(III)中的Y3优选选自:
8.按照权利要求7的化合物,其中Y3是Y12(吡啶基)。
9.按照权利要求1-8的化合物,其中式(I)化合物的前体药物选自:抗炎药、镇痛药、支气管扩张药和作用于胆碱能系统的药物、祛痰药-粘液溶解剂药物、抗哮喘-抗变应性药物、抗组胺药物、ACE抑制剂、β-阻断剂、抗血栓药物、血管扩张药、抗糖尿病药、抗肿瘤药、抗溃疡药、抗高血脂药、抗生素、抗病毒药物、骨再吸收抑制剂、抗痴呆药物。
10.按照权利要求9的化合物,其中所述的前体药物选自:
抗炎药:醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、乙酰水杨酸、5-氨基-乙酰水杨酸、阿氯芬酸、阿明洛芬、氨芬酸、苄达酸、柏莫洛芬、α-没药醇、溴芬酸、溴水杨醇、布氯酸、布替巴芬、卡洛芬、桂美辛、环氯茚酸、氯吡酸、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、地他唑、苯乙氨茴酸、依托度酸、依托芬那酯、联苯乙酸、芬布芬、芬克洛酸、芬度柳、非诺洛芬、芬替酸、非普地醇、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、葡美新、水杨酸羟乙酯、布洛芬、异丁普生、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、三苯唑酸、伊索克酸、伊索昔康、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、氨基水杨酸、甲嗪酸、莫苯唑酸、萘普生、尼氟酸、奥沙西罗、奥沙普秦、羟布宗、帕沙米特、哌立索唑、乙酰水杨酸苯酯、奥沙拉嗪、吡唑、吡罗昔康、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、丙替嗪酸、醋水杨胺、水杨酰胺O-乙酸、水杨酸硫酸酯、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、琥布宗、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、噻拉米特、替诺立定、托芬那酸、托美丁、托普辛、联苯丁酸、希莫洛芬、扎托洛芬、佐美酸、托莫普罗;
镇痛药:对乙酰氨基酚、醋氨沙洛、氨氯苯嗪、乙酰水杨酸2-氨基-4-吡啶甲酸、乙酰水杨酰水杨酸、阿尼利定、苯噁洛芬苄吗啡、5-溴水杨酰乙酸、布西汀、丁丙诺非、布托啡诺、辣椒辣素、辛可芬、西拉马朵、氯美辛、氯尼辛、可待因、地索吗啡、地佐辛、二氢可待因、双氢吗啡、地美庚醇、地匹乙酯、依他佐辛、依托沙秦、乙基吗啡、丁香酚、夫洛非宁、磷柳酸、格拉非宁、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异丁芬酸、对乳酰乙氧苯胺、左啡诺、美普他酚、美他佐辛、美托酮、吗啡、纳布啡、尼可吗啡、去甲左啡诺、去甲吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、喷他佐辛、非那佐辛、非诺考、苯哌利定、保泰松、水杨酸苯酯、苯拉米度、水杨甙、水杨酰胺、醋托啡烷、曲马朵、双醋瑞因、阿克他利;
支气管扩张药和作用于胆碱能系统的药物:茶碱乙酸、沙丁胺醇、班布特罗、巴米茶碱、甲硫贝弗宁、比托特罗、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、氯喘通、二羟西君、山荷叶素、麻黄素、肾上腺素、依普罗醇、乙他定、乙基去氧肾上腺素、乙羟茶碱、非诺特罗、氟托溴胺、海索那林、异丙托溴铵、异他林、异丙肾上腺素、马布特罗、奥西那林、奥昔布宁、氧托溴铵、吡布特罗、丙卡特罗、普罗托醇、丙羟茶碱、瑞普特罗、利米特罗、沙美特罗、索特瑞醇、特布他林、1-替溴乙酸、噻托溴铵、曲托喹酚、妥洛特罗、扎普司特、环戊君、NS-21、2-羟基-2,2-二苯基-N-(1,2,3,6-四氢-吡啶-4-基甲基)乙酰胺;
祛痰药/粘液溶解剂药物:氨溴索、溴己新、多米奥醇、厄多司坦、愈创木酚、愈创甘油醚、碘甘油、来托司坦、美司钠、索布瑞醇、司替罗宁、萜品醇、硫普罗宁;
抗哮喘/抗变态反应抗组胺药物:阿伐斯汀、阿洛拉胺、氨来呫诺、西替利嗪、氯苯西泮、色糖酯、色林、依匹斯汀、非索那定、福莫特罗、组胺、羟嗪、左卡巴斯汀、洛度沙胺、马布特罗、异丙辛胺、孟替司特、萘多罗米、瑞吡司特、塞曲司特、甲磺司特、特非那定、噻拉米特、漆儿茶酚、溴己新;
ACE抑制剂:阿拉普利、贝那普利、卡托普利、西罗普利、西拉普利、地拉普利、依那普利、依那普利拉、福辛普利、咪达普利、赖诺普利、氯沙坦、莫维普利、萘托地尔、培哚普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、螺普利、替莫普利、群多普利、乌拉地尔;
β-阻断剂:醋丁洛尔、阿普洛尔、氨磺洛尔、阿罗洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、贝凡洛尔、布库洛尔、布非洛尔、丁呋洛尔、布尼洛尔、布拉洛尔、丁非洛尔、卡拉洛尔、卡替洛尔、卡维地洛、塞利洛尔、塞他洛尔、地来洛尔、依泮洛尔、艾司洛尔、茚诺洛尔、拉贝洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美替洛尔、美托洛尔、莫洛尔、纳多洛尔、萘肟洛尔、奈必洛尔、硝苯洛尔、尼普地洛、氧烯洛尔、喷布洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普拉洛尔、丙萘洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、硫氧洛尔、他林洛尔、特他洛尔、替利洛尔、噻吗洛尔、托利洛尔、希苯洛尔;
抗血栓和血管作用药物:醋托啡、乙酰水杨酸、阿加曲班、巴美生、琥珀苯呋地尔、苯碘达隆、倍他司汀、溴长春胺、丁苯碘胺、胞磷胆碱、氯苯呋醇、氯吡格雷、环扁桃酯、达肝素、双嘧达莫、氢普拉明、依诺肝素、芬地林、艾芬地尔、伊洛前列素、吲哚布芬、伊波格雷、异克舒令、肝素、拉米非班、米多君、那屈肝素、烟醇、布酚宁、奥扎格雷、哌克昔林、苯丙醇胺、普尼拉明、罂粟林、瑞维肝素钠盐、利多格雷、舒洛地尔、替诺非君、亭扎肝素、三氟柳、烟酸羟丙茶碱;
抗糖尿病药:阿卡波糖、氨磺丁脲、格列波脲格列噻唑、米格列醇、瑞格列奈、曲格列酮、1-丁基-3-溴苯辛-脲、托瑞司他、烟酰胺;
抗肿瘤药物:安西他滨、安曲霉素、阿扎胞苷、偶氮丝氨酸、6-氮尿苷、比卡鲁胺、卡柔比星、嗜癌霉素、苯丁酸氮芥、氯脲菌素、阿糖胞苷、柔红霉素、地磷酰胺、秋水仙胺、二甲叶酸、6-重氮基-5-氧-L-正缬氨酸、多西塞尔、去氧氟尿苷、阿霉素、屈洛昔芬、依达曲沙、依氟鸟氨酸、依诺他滨、表阿霉素、环硫雄醇、依他硝唑、依托泊苷、芬维A胺、氟达拉滨、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨、己烷雌酚、伊达比星、氯尼达明、甘露莫司汀、美法仑、美诺立尔、6-巯基嘌呤、氨甲蝶呤、二溴甘露醇、二溴卫矛醇、丝裂霉素、米托蒽醌、莫哌达醇、麦考酚酸、氨甲叶酸、诺拉霉素、紫杉醇、喷司他丁、吡柔比星、吡曲克辛、普卡霉素、鬼臼酸、卟吩姆钠、泊非霉素、丙帕锗、嘌罗霉素、雷莫司汀、维生素A酸、罗喹美克、链霉黑素、链佐星、替尼泊苷、细格孢氮杂酸、硫咪嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤、托木得克、托泊替堪、三甲曲沙、杀结核菌素、乌苯美司、长春碱、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞宾、佐柔比星;
抗溃疡药物:ε-乙酰氨基己酸、阿巴前列素、西曲酸酯、西咪替丁、依卡倍特、恩前列素、艾沙拉唑、伊索拉定、米索前列醇、奥美拉唑、奥诺前列素、泮托拉唑、普劳诺托、利奥前列素、罗沙前列醇、罗曲酸、索法酮、曲莫前列素;
抗高血脂药物:阿托他汀、西司他丁、制皮菌素、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、美伐他汀、制霉菌素、喷司他丁、胃酶抑素、普伐他汀钠、辛伐他汀;
抗生素:亚胺青霉素、羟氨苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素、阿帕西林、阿哌环素、阿扑西林、叠氮氯霉素、阿度西林、阿洛西林、氨曲南、苯沙酸、苄青霉素酸、比阿培南、二环霉素、卷曲霉素、羧苄西林、卡茚西林、卡芦莫南、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢孟多、头孢曲秦、头孢西酮、头孢唑啉、头孢拉宗、头孢克定、头孢地尼、头孢托仑、头孢吡肟、头孢他美、头孢克肟、头孢甲肟、头孢美唑、头孢米诺、头孢地秦、头孢尼西、头孢哌酮、头孢雷特、头孢噻肟、头孢替坦、头孢替安、头孢西丁、头孢唑兰、头孢咪唑、头孢匹胺、头孢匹罗、头孢丙烯、头孢沙定、头孢磺啶、头孢他啶、头孢特仑、头孢替唑、头孢布烯、头孢噻夫、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢唑南、头孢乙腈钠、头孢氨苄、头孢来星、头孢噻啶、头孢菌素C、头孢噻吩、头孢吡林钠、头孢拉定、氯霉素、金霉素、西诺沙星、克拉维酸、氯甲西林、氯唑西林、环青霉素、环丝氨酸、地美环素、双氯西林、依匹西林、芬贝西林、氟氧头孢、氟氯西林、海他西林、亚胺培南、仑氨西林、氯碳头孢、赖甲环素、磺胺米隆、甲氯环素、美罗培南、美坦西林、美他环素、甲氧西林钠、美洛西林、米诺环素、拉氧头孢、莫匹罗星、堆囊粘菌素、负霉素、新生霉素、苯唑西林、帕尼培南、青霉素G钾盐、阿地西林、阿美西林、青霉素V、非奈西林钾盐、匹哌环素、哌拉西林、吡利霉素、泊非霉素、波吡西林、喹那西林、利替培南、罗利环素、山环素、西地霉素、大观霉素、舒巴坦、磺苄西林、替莫西林、四环素、替卡西林、替吉莫南、杀结核菌素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、地红霉素、恩维霉素、红霉素、交沙霉素、麦迪霉素、美欧卡霉素、竹桃霉素、利福布汀、利福米特、利福霉素、利福昔明、罗他霉素、螺旋霉素、醋竹桃霉素、紫霉素、维吉霉素;
阿米卡星、安普霉素、阿贝卡星、地贝卡星、双氢链霉素、福提霉素、庆大霉素、小诺米星、新霉素、奈替米星、巴龙霉素、核糖霉素、西索米星、大观霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、丙大观霉素;
巴氨西林、头孢卡品匹伏昔、头孢泊肟proxetil、帕尼培南、匹氨西林、匹伏克辛、舒它西林、酞氨西林;
卡波霉素、克林霉素、林可霉素、米卡霉素、罗沙米星、环丙沙星、克林沙星、二氟沙星、依诺沙星、恩氟沙星、氟罗沙星、氟甲喹、格帕沙星、洛美沙星、那氟沙星、萘啶酸、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、帕祖沙星、培氟沙星、吡哌酸、吡咯米酸、芦氟沙星、司氟沙星、托氟沙星、曲伐沙星、氯莫环素、胍甲环素、土霉素、硝呋吡醇、硝呋拉嗪;对氨基水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸酰肼、氯法齐明、去氧双氢链霉素、乙胺丁醇、葡烟腙、异烟肼、奥匹烟肼、氨基水杨酸苯酯、利福平、利福喷汀、水杨烟肼、4-4’-亚磺酰基二苯胺、醋地砜、氨苯砜、琥珀氨苯砜、p-磺胺酰苄胺、噻唑砜、乙酰基磺胺甲氧吡嗪、磺胺脒隆、4’-(甲基氨磺酰基)磺酰苯胺、柳氮磺嘧啶、磺胺苯酰、磺胺醋酰、磺胺氯达嗪、磺胺柯定、磺胺西汀、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺戊烯、磺胺地索辛、磺胺多辛、磺胺乙二唑、磺胺脒、磺胺呱诺、磺胺林、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲二唑、磺胺托嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺甲氧嗪、磺胺甲噻唑、磺胺美曲、磺胺米柯定、磺胺噁唑、磺胺、2-p-磺胺酰基苯氨基乙醇、N4-磺胺酰基磺胺、磺胺酰脲、N-磺胺酰-3,4-丙谷胺、磺胺培林、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺普罗林、磺胺吡嗪、磺胺吡啶、磺胺异噻唑、磺胺均三嗪、磺胺噻唑、磺胺硫脲、磺胺索嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑、4-磺胺酰氨基水杨酸;负霉素、卡芦莫南、氯羟喹、硝羟喹啉、精氨酸、甲硝唑;
抗病毒药物:无环鸟苷、金刚烷胺、西多福韦、阿糖胞苷、去羟肌苷、二脱氧腺苷、依度尿苷、泛昔洛韦、氟尿苷、更昔洛韦、碘苷、吲达那韦、乙氧丁酮醛、拉米夫定、MADU、喷昔洛韦、鬼臼毒素、利巴韦林、金刚乙胺、沙奎那韦、索立夫定、司他夫定、曲氟尿苷、伐昔洛韦、阿糖腺苷、珍那佐酸、扎西他宾、齐多夫定;
在骨再吸收抑制剂:阿仑膦酸、布替膦酸、依替膦酸、奥昔膦酸、帕米膦酸、利塞膦酸;
抗痴呆药物:阿米利定、拉扎贝胺、莫非吉兰、沙贝路佐、奥拉西坦、伊匹克林、奈拉西坦、他克林、维吖啶。
11.按照权利要求9-10的化合物,其中所述的药物的前体选自:
抗炎药:乙酰水杨酸、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、卡洛芬、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、氨基水杨酸、萘普生、尼氟酸、奥沙拉嗪、吡罗昔康、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、托芬那酸、托美丁、佐美酸、托莫普罗;
镇痛药:对乙酰氨基酚、乙酰水杨酰水杨酸、苯噁洛芬、丁丙诺非、布托非诺、辣椒辣素、双醋瑞因、二氢可待因、乙基吗啡、丁香酚、保泰松、美普他酚、吗啡、纳布啡、喷他佐辛、四氢噻吩、曲马朵、阿克他利;
支气管扩张药和作用于胆碱能系统的药物:沙丁胺醇、卡布特罗、克仑特罗、山荷叶素、乙羟茶碱、非诺特罗、异丙托溴铵、奥西那林、奥昔布宁、吡布特罗、沙美特罗、特布他林、噻托溴铵、扎普司特、环戊君、NS-21、2-羟基-2,2-二苯基-N-(1,2,3,6-四氢-吡啶-4-基甲基)乙酰胺;
祛痰药/粘液溶解剂药物:氨溴索、溴己新、愈创木酚、索布瑞醇;
抗哮喘/抗变态反应抗组胺药物:西替利嗪、色糖酯、组胺、左卡巴斯汀、洛度沙胺、孟替司特、特非那定、溴己辛。
ACE-抑制剂:卡托普利、依那普利、赖诺普利、氯沙坦、雷米普利;
β-阻断剂:阿普洛尔、阿替洛尔、布拉洛尔、拉贝洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美托洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔、噻吗洛尔;
抗血栓药物和血管作用药物:乙酰水杨酸、醋托啡、阿加曲班、氯吡格雷、达肝素、双嘧达莫、依诺肝素、肝素、伊洛前列素、米多君、奥扎格雷、苯丙醇胺、三氟柳;
抗糖尿病药:托瑞司他、烟酰胺;
抗肿瘤药物:安曲霉素、柔红霉素、阿霉素、表阿霉素、氟尿嘧啶、氨甲蝶呤、长春碱;
抗溃疡药物:西咪替定、奥美拉唑、泮托拉唑;
抗高脂血症药物:洛伐他汀、普伐他汀钠、辛伐他汀;
抗生素:羟氨苄青霉素、氨苄西林、氨曲南、比阿培南、羧苄西林、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢孟多、头孢曲嗪、头孢西丁、克拉维酸、双氯西林、亚胺培南、甲氯环素、美他环素、拉氧头孢、帕尼培南、舒巴坦、阿奇霉素、红霉素、交沙霉素、美欧卡霉素、利福布汀、利福米特、利福霉素、庆大霉素、巴龙霉素、西索米星、巴氨西林、卡波霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星、克林沙星、二氟沙星、恩氟沙星、洛美沙星、那氟沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、吡哌酸、阿哌环素、氯莫环素、土霉素、硝呋吡醇、硝呋拉嗪、异烟肼、利福平、利福喷汀、氨苯砜、噻唑砜、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺噁唑、甲硝唑、精氨酸;
抗病毒药物:无环鸟苷、泛昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、利巴韦林、阿糖腺苷、齐多夫定;
骨再吸收抑制剂:阿仑膦酸、依替酸、帕米膦酸;
位置1-2:可以存在双键;
位置2:可以存在Cl、Br;
位置3:可以存在CO、-O-CH2-CH2-Cl、OH;
位置3-4:可以存在双键;
位置4-5:可以存在双键;
位置5-6:可以存在双键;
位置5-10:可以存在双键;
位置6:可以存在Cl、F、CH3、-CHO;
位置7:可以存在Cl、OH;
位置9:可以存在Cl、F;
位置11:可以存在OH、CO、Cl、CH3;
位置16:可以存在CH3、OH、=CH2:
R和R’彼此相同或不同,可以是氢或直链或支链的具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,优选R=R’=CH3;
R″是-(CO-L)t-(L)t2-(X0 I)t1-其中t、t1和t2彼此相同或不同,是0或1的整数;条件是当t=0时t2=1和当t=1时t2=0;并且t和t1,或t2和t1,当A不含有-OH基时不同时等于0;
二价桥连基L选自:
(CR4R5)na(O)nb(CR4R5)n’a(CO)n’b(O)n”b(CO)nb(CR4R5)n”a其中na、n’a和n”a彼此相同或不同,是0-6的整数,优选1-3;nb、n’b、n”b和nb彼此相同或不同,是0或1的整数;R4、R5彼此相同或不同,选自H、直链或支链的具有1-5个碳原子的烷基,优选1-3个碳原子;
13.按照权利要求12的化合物,其中R″=-CO-CH2OH、-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-COOH。
14.按照权利要求12-13的化合物,其中所述的前体甾族化合物选自那些在位置3和/或位置11具有羟基官能团,和/或R”中在末端位置具有羟基或羧基官能团的化合物。
15.权利要求12-14的化合物,其中所述的前体甾族化合物选自:布地奈德、氢化可的松、阿氯米松、阿尔孕酮、倍氯米松、倍他米松、氯泼尼松、氯倍他索、氯倍他松、氯可托龙、氯泼尼醇、可的松、皮质甾醇、地夫可特、地奈德、去羟米松、地塞米松、二氟拉松二氟可龙、二氟泼尼酯、氟扎可特、氟氯奈德、氟米松、氟尼缩松、氟轻松、氟轻松醋酸酯、氟考丁酯、氟可龙、氟米龙、醋酸氟培龙、醋酸氟泼尼定、氟泼尼龙、氟氢缩松、福莫可他、哈西奈德、丙酸卤倍他索、卤米松、醋酸卤泼尼松、氢可他酯、氯替泼诺Etabonate、甲羟松、甲泼尼松、甲泼尼龙、糠酸莫米松、帕拉米松、泼尼卡酯、泼尼松龙、泼尼松龙25-二乙基氨基乙酸酯、泼尼松龙磷酸钠、泼尼松、强的松龙戊酸酯、泼尼立定、利美索龙、曲安西龙、曲安奈德、21-乙酰氧基孕烯诺龙、可的伐唑、安西奈德、丙酸氟替卡松、马泼尼酮、替可的松、己曲安奈德、熊去氧胆酸、鹅去氧胆酸、米他二醇、莫克雌醇、乙炔雌二醇、雌二醇、美雌醇。
16.按照权利要求1-15的化合物或盐或其组合物,其用作药物。
17.按照权利要求1-15的化合物或盐或其组合物在制备用于治疗氧化应激反应用途的药物中的应用。
18.药物制剂,其中含有权利要求1-15的化合物或其盐作为活性成分。
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IT1999MI000750A IT1311921B1 (it) | 1999-04-13 | 1999-04-13 | Composti farmaceutici. |
ITMI99A000750 | 1999-04-13 |
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EP (1) | EP1192129A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2002541242A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20020005671A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1356981A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU3820000A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0009701A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2370406A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP0200747A3 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL145632A0 (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1311921B1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA01010209A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20014926L (zh) |
PL (1) | PL351241A1 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR200102939T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000061549A2 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100404543C (zh) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-07-23 | 浙江海正药业股份有限公司 | 一种合成吡利霉素的中间体及其制备方法和用途 |
CN107418989A (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-01 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种脂肪酶催化在线合成n‑(5‑蔗糖酯戊酰基)美托洛尔的方法 |
WO2022206250A1 (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | 生物碱化合物在制备预防和/或治疗心脏损伤的产品中的用途 |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT1311924B1 (it) * | 1999-04-13 | 2002-03-20 | Nicox Sa | Composti farmaceutici. |
NZ519781A (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2004-04-30 | Nitromed Inc | Nitrosated and nitrosylated cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, compositions and methods of use |
DE60131537T2 (de) | 2000-06-22 | 2008-10-23 | Nitromed, Inc., Lexington | Nitrosierte und nitrosylierte taxane, zubereitungen und methoden der verwendung |
WO2002060378A2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-08-08 | Nitromed, Inc. | Substituted aryl compounds as cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, compositions and methods of use |
JP2004528337A (ja) | 2001-05-02 | 2004-09-16 | ニトロメド インコーポレーテッド | ニトロソ化およびニトロシル化ネビボロール、ならびにその代謝産物、組成物、および使用方法 |
AU2003248642A1 (en) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-22 | Nitromed, Inc. | Nitrosated and/or nitrosylated cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, compositions and methods of use |
JP2005539089A (ja) | 2002-07-03 | 2005-12-22 | ニトロメッド インコーポレーティッド | ニトロソ化非ステロイド性抗炎症化合物、組成物および使用方法 |
AU2003261281A1 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2004-02-16 | Nicox S.A. | Cyclooxygenase- 2 selective inhibitors, compositions and methods of use |
KR20050083971A (ko) * | 2002-11-22 | 2005-08-26 | 더 존스 홉킨스 유니버시티 | 인지능 손상의 치료를 위한 표적 |
US20090131342A1 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2009-05-21 | Nitromed, Inc. | Nitrosated and/or nitrosylated compounds, compositions and methods of use |
KR100678287B1 (ko) | 2005-06-23 | 2007-02-02 | 한미약품 주식회사 | 클로피도그렐의 제조방법 및 이에 사용되는 중간체 |
US20120115824A1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2012-05-10 | Vidasym, Llc | Vitamin D Receptor Agonists and Uses Thereof |
US9598383B2 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2017-03-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Reactive oxygen species-based prodrugs |
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IT1134458B (it) * | 1980-11-26 | 1986-08-13 | Real Sas Di Alberto Reiner | Derivato della n-acetil-cisteina ad attivita' terapeutica,procedimento per la sua preparazione e relative composizioni farmaceutiche |
IT1190987B (it) * | 1982-09-07 | 1988-02-24 | Pharma Edmond Srl | Tioesteri dell'acido acetilsalicilico,procedimento per la loro preparazione e composizioni farmaceutiche che li conttengono |
ES8609231A1 (es) * | 1985-12-03 | 1986-09-01 | Farmhispania | Procedimiento de obtencion del n-acetil-3(2-(acetiloxi)ben- zoilmercapto)alanina |
IT1213301B (it) * | 1986-07-14 | 1989-12-20 | Zambon Spa | Composizioni per il trattamento del le sindromi da ischemia e riperfusione |
DE59712694D1 (de) * | 1997-04-18 | 2006-08-24 | Fritz Stanislaus | Stabilisiertes arzneimittel enthaltend cysteinylderivate |
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1999
- 1999-04-13 IT IT1999MI000750A patent/IT1311921B1/it active
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2000
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- 2000-04-11 KR KR1020017012971A patent/KR20020005671A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-04-11 WO PCT/EP2000/003237 patent/WO2000061549A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100404543C (zh) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-07-23 | 浙江海正药业股份有限公司 | 一种合成吡利霉素的中间体及其制备方法和用途 |
CN107418989A (zh) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-01 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种脂肪酶催化在线合成n‑(5‑蔗糖酯戊酰基)美托洛尔的方法 |
WO2022206250A1 (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | 生物碱化合物在制备预防和/或治疗心脏损伤的产品中的用途 |
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WO2000061549A3 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
HUP0200747A2 (en) | 2002-06-29 |
AU3820000A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
BR0009701A (pt) | 2002-04-02 |
NO20014926L (no) | 2001-12-13 |
JP2002541242A (ja) | 2002-12-03 |
KR20020005671A (ko) | 2002-01-17 |
EP1192129A2 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
IL145632A0 (en) | 2002-06-30 |
TR200102939T2 (tr) | 2002-09-23 |
HUP0200747A3 (en) | 2003-02-28 |
IT1311921B1 (it) | 2002-03-20 |
ITMI990750A1 (it) | 2000-10-13 |
NO20014926D0 (no) | 2001-10-10 |
MXPA01010209A (es) | 2003-07-21 |
CA2370406A1 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
WO2000061549A2 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
PL351241A1 (en) | 2003-04-07 |
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