CN1345352A - 阻燃的、接枝聚合物改性的聚碳酸酯模塑组合物 - Google Patents
阻燃的、接枝聚合物改性的聚碳酸酯模塑组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1345352A CN1345352A CN00805625A CN00805625A CN1345352A CN 1345352 A CN1345352 A CN 1345352A CN 00805625 A CN00805625 A CN 00805625A CN 00805625 A CN00805625 A CN 00805625A CN 1345352 A CN1345352 A CN 1345352A
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有磷化合物和特殊制备的氟代聚烯烃的、用接枝聚合物改性了的阻燃聚碳酸酯模塑组合物。该组合物的特征是具有优异的阻燃性能、非常好的机械性能如耐冲强度和极限拉伸强度以及非常高的耐应力开裂性能。
Description
本发明涉及含有磷化合物和特殊制备的氟代聚烯烃的、用接枝聚合物改性了的阻燃聚碳酸酯模塑组合物。该组合物的特征是具有优异的阻燃性能、非常好的机械性能如缺口冲击强度和伸长断裂强度以及非常高的耐应力开裂性能。
二磷酸酯是已知的阻燃添加剂。JP 59 202 240描述了从氯氧化磷、二酚如氢醌或双酚A和单酚如苯酚或甲酚生产这样一种产品的方法。这些二磷酸酯可以在聚酰胺或聚碳酸酯中用作阻燃剂。然而,该文献没有给出任何由于向聚碳酸酯模塑组合物中加入低聚的磷酸酯而带来的改进的耐应力开裂性能的说明。
EP-A-O 363 608描述了由芳族聚碳酸酯、含有苯乙烯的共聚物或接枝共聚物和作为阻燃剂的低聚磷酸酯形成的阻燃聚合物混合物。一般性地提及了可以加入四氟乙烯聚合物。
EP-A-0 767 204描述了含有低聚磷酸酯(双酚A(BPA)低聚磷酸酯类型的)和单磷酸酯的混合物作为阻燃剂的阻燃聚亚苯基氧化物(PPO)或聚碳酸酯混合物。提高的阻燃剂含量导致了不利的机械性能(切口冲击强度、耐应力开裂行为)和降低的耐热性。
EP-A-0 611 798和WO 96/27600描述了一些模塑组合物,该模塑组合物除了含聚碳酸酯外还含有低聚的、末端烷基化的BPA型磷酸酯。由于烷基化,要求提高的含量以实现有效的阻燃性,这对许多应用性能(机械性能、耐热性)是极其不利的。
EP-A 0 754 531描述了用于精密部件的增强的PC/ABS模塑组合物。也使用的阻燃剂包括尤其是BPA型低聚磷酸酯。提高的填料含量对机械性能如断裂伸长或缺口冲击强度具有极其不利的影响。
EP-A 771 851描述了一些模塑组合物,该模塑组合物含有芳族聚碳酸酯、基于二烯橡胶的接枝聚合物、SAN共聚物、磷酸酯和四氟乙烯聚合物,其中聚碳酸酯具有不同的分子量。耐冲强度损失、耐热和耐湿性作为优点被声明。
EP-A 755 977描述了由芳族聚碳酸酯、橡胶含量小于25%的接枝聚合物以及加入量小于8%和N值为N-1-35的低聚磷酸酯作为阻燃添加剂而制备的聚合物混合物。由于作为阻燃剂的磷酸酯含量的限制,所以也可以预期其与阻燃性有关的缺点。
EP-A 747 424描述了一些热塑性树脂,它们含有分子量为大约500-2000的磷酸酯化合物和分子量为大约2300-11000的磷酸酯化合物作为阻燃剂,其中列出了许多热塑性树脂。提高的阻燃剂的分子量在这种情况下也可以引起与阻燃性有关的缺点。
本发明的目的是提供阻燃的、接枝聚合物改性的PC模塑组合物,其以非常好的机械性能、提高的阻燃性和非常好的应力开裂行为连同提高的耐热性而区别。因此,这些模塑组合物特别适用于可能发生与特殊的介质如溶剂、润滑剂、清洗剂等接触的那些应用。
现已发现,含有磷化合物和特殊制备的氟代聚烯烃的、接枝聚合物改性的聚碳酸酯模塑组合物具有所希望范围的性能。
R1、R2、R3和R4相互独立地代表任选被卤代的C1-C8烷基,各任选地被卤素和/或烷基取代的C5-C6环烷基、C6-C10芳基或C7-C12芳烷基,
n相互独立地代表0或1,
q相互独立地代表0、1、2、3或4,
N为0.9-10,优选0.95-5,特别是1-3,
R5和R6相互独立地代表C1-C4烷基、优选甲基,或 卤素、优选氯和/或溴,
Y代表C1-C7亚烷基(alkylidene)、C1-C7亚烷基(alkylene)、C5-C12环亚烷基(cycloalkylene)、C5-C12环亚烷基(cycloalkylidene)、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-或-CO-。
所述的氟代聚烯烃优选作为与至少一种选自聚碳酸酯、接枝聚合物和(共)聚合物的组分的凝胶混合物使用,其中氟代聚烯烃或聚烯烃混合物是作为乳液与至少一种这些组分的乳液混合,然后凝胶化的;或者,所述的氟代聚烯烃优选作为与至少一种所述的组分的预混配物使用,其中氟代聚烯烃或聚烯烃混合物作为粉末与至少一种所述组分的粉末或颗粒混合并熔融混配的。
所述的热塑性模塑组合物优选含有0.5-20、特别优选1-18和特别是2-16重量份的磷化合物(I)或磷化合物(I)的混合物。
所述的热塑性模塑组合物优选含有0.01-3、特别优选0.05-2和非常特别优选0.1-0.8重量份的特殊制备形式的、作为凝胶混合物或预混配物的氟代聚烯烃。
优选的热塑性模塑组合物是含有下列的那些:
A)40-99、优选60-98.5重量份的芳族聚碳酸酯和/或聚酯碳酸
酯,
B)0.5-60、优选1-40、特别优选2-25重量份的B.1)接枝在B.2)
上的接枝聚合物:
B.1)5-95、优选30-80wt.%的一种或多种乙烯基单体,
B.2)95-5、优选20-70wt.%的一种或多种玻璃化转变温度<10℃、优选<0℃、特别优选<-20℃的接枝主链,
C)0-45、优选0-30、特别优选2-25重量份的至少一种选自乙
烯基(共)聚合物和聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基酯的热塑性聚合物,
D)0.5-20、优选1-18、特别优选2-16重量份的通式(I)的磷
化合物:
其中R1-R6、Y、n、N和q具有上述意义,
E)0.01-3、优选0.05-2、特别优选0.1-0.8重量份的氟代聚烯
烃,其为
E.1)与组分A-C中至少一种的凝胶混合物,其中所述的
聚烯烃或聚烯烃混合物E是作为乳液与至少一种组分A-C
的乳液混合然后凝胶化的,或
E.2)与组分A-C中至少一种的预混配物,其中所述的氟代聚
烯烃或聚烯烃混合物E是作为粉末与至少一种组分A-C
的粉末或颗粒混合并熔融混配的。
组分A
根据本发明适合的根据组分A的芳族聚碳酸酯和/或芳族聚酯碳酸酯是文献中已知的,或者可以用文献中的已知方法进行制备(对于芳族聚碳酸酯的制备可参见,如施耐尔(Schnell),“聚碳酸酯化学和物理”,内部科学(Interscience)出版社,1964,以及DE-AS 1 495 626,DE-OS 2 232 877,DE-OS 2 703 376,DE-OS 2 714 544,DE-OS 3 000610和DE-OS 3 832 396;对于芳族聚酯碳酸酯的制备可参见,如DE-OS3 077 934)。
芳族聚碳酸酯的制备是通过,如二酚与碳酰卤、优选光气和/或与芳族二酰卤、优选苯二酰卤,采用相界面聚合方法,任选地使用链终止剂如单酚并且任选地使用三官能度或多于三官能度的支化剂如三酚或四酚反应来进行的。
A为单键,C1-C5亚烷基(alkylene),C2-C5亚烷基(alkyl idene),C5-C6环亚烷基(cycloalkylidene),-O-、-SO-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-或C6-C12亚芳基,其上可以稠合有任选地含有杂原子的其它芳环,
B各为C1-C12烷基,优选甲基,或卤素,优选氯和/或溴,
x各相互独立地表示0、1或2,
p为1或0,和
R7和R8可以对应各X1进行单独地选择,并且相互独立地代表氢或C1-C6烷基,优选氢、甲基或乙基,
X1代表碳,和
m代表4-7、优选4或5的整数,条件是在至少一个X1原子上R7和R8同时是烷基。
优选的二酚是氢醌、间苯二酚、二羟基联苯、二(羟苯基)-C1-C5烷烃、二(羟苯基)-C5-C6环烷烃、二(羟苯基)醚、二(羟苯基)亚砜、二(羟苯基)酮、二(羟苯基)砜和α,α-二(羟苯基)-二异丙基苯,及其环被溴和/或氯取代的衍生物。
特别优选的二酚是4,4’-二羟基联苯、双酚A、2,4-二(4-羟苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、1,1-二(4-羟苯基)-环己烷、1,1-二(4-羟苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、4,4’-二羟基二苯基亚砜、4,4’-二羟基二苯基砜及其二和四溴化或氯化的衍生物,例如,2,2-二(3-氯-4-羟苯基)-丙烷、2,2-二(3,5-二氯-4-羟苯基)-丙烷或2,2-二(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)-丙烷。
2,2-二(4-羟苯基)-丙烷(双酚A)是特别优选的。
二酚可以单独使用或以任何希望的混合物形式使用。
二酚是文献中已知的或通过文献中的已知方法制备的。
适合制备热塑性芳族聚碳酸酯的链终止剂实例包括苯酚、对氯苯酚、对叔丁基苯酚或2,4,6-三溴苯酚,也包括长链烷基酚,如根据DE-OS2 842 005的4-(1,3-四甲基丁基)-苯酚,或烷基取代基含有总共8-20个碳原子的单烷基酚或双烷基酚,如3,5-二叔丁基苯酚、对异辛基苯酚、对叔辛基苯酚、对十二烷基苯酚和2-(3,5-二甲基庚基)-苯酚、4-(3,5-二甲基庚基)-苯酚。所用链终止剂的用量通常是所用具体二酚摩尔总数的0.5-10%(摩尔)。
热塑性芳族聚碳酸酯所具有的重均分子量(MW,例如通过超离心法或光散射法测定)是10,000-200,000,优选的是20,000-80,000。
热塑性芳族聚碳酸酯可以用已知方法进行支化,并且特别优选的是引入占所用二酚总量0.05-2.0%(摩尔)的具有三官能度或大于三官能度的化合物,如具有三个或多于三个酚基的化合物。
均聚和共聚碳酸酯都是适合的。根据本发明,制备根据组分A的共聚碳酸酯,也可以使用1-25%(重量),优选的是2.5-25%(重量)(占所用二酚总量)的带有羟基-芳氧基末端基团的聚二有机硅氧烷。这类化合物是已知的(可见,如美国专利3 419 634)或者可以用文献中已知方法制备。有关制备含有聚二有机硅氧烷的共聚碳酸酯的描述可见于,如DE-OS 3 334 782。
优选的聚碳酸酯,除双酚A均聚碳酸酯外,还有双酚A与占二酚摩尔总数最多15%(摩尔)的其它作为优选或特别优选提及的二酚,特别是2,2-二(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)-丙烷形成的共聚碳酸酯。
用于制备芳族聚酯碳酸酯的芳族二酰卤优选是间苯二酸、对苯二酸、二苯基醚-4,4’-二羧酸和萘-2,6-二羧酸的二酰氯。
特别优选的是比例为1∶20-20∶1的间苯二酸的和对苯二酸的二酰氯的混合物。
此外,碳酰卤,优选光气,作为二元酸衍生物在聚酯碳酸酯制备中被使用。
对于芳族聚酯碳酸酯的制备,可能的链终止剂,除已经提及的单酚外,还包括其氯甲酸酯,和可以任选地被C1-C22烷基或卤原子取代的芳族单羧酸的酰氯,以及脂肪族C2-C22单羧酸的酰氯。
对于酚类链终止剂,链终止剂用量占二酚摩尔数的0.1-10%(摩尔);而对于单酰氯链终止剂,链终止剂的用量占二酰氯摩尔数的0.1-10%(摩尔)。
芳族聚酯碳酸酯也可以含有被引入的芳族羟基羧酸。
芳族聚酯碳酸酯既可以是线型的,也可以是用已知方式支化的(这方面可参见DE-OS 2 940 024和DE-OS 3 007 934等)。
可以使用的支化剂包括,例如,3-官能度或大于3-官能度的酰氯,如1,3,5-苯三酰氯、三聚氰酸三酰氯、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四酰氯、1,4,5,8-萘四酰氯或1,2,4,5-苯四酰氯,其用量为0.01-1.0%(摩尔)(相对于所用二酰氯),或3-官能度或大于3-官能度的酚,如均苯三酚、4,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三-(4-羟苯基)-2-庚烯、4,4-二甲基-2,4,6-三-(4-羟苯基)-庚烷、1,3,5-三-(4-羟苯基)-苯、1,1,1-三-(4-羟苯基)-乙烷、三-(4-羟苯基)-苯基甲烷、2,2-二[4,4-二(4-羟苯基)-环己基]丙烷、2,4-二(4-羟苯基-异丙基)-苯酚、四-(4-羟苯基)-甲烷、2,6-二(2-羟基-5-甲基-苄基)-4-甲基-苯酚、2-(4-羟苯基)-2-(2,4-二羟苯基)-丙烷、四-(4-[4-羟苯基-异丙基]苯氧基)-甲烷和1,4-二[(4,4’-二羟基三苯基)-甲基]苯,其用量为所用二酚用量的0.01-1.0%(摩尔)。酚类支化剂可以在一开始与二酚一起加入反应器,而酰氯支化剂可以与二酰氯一起加入。
热塑性芳族聚酯碳酸酯的碳酸酯结构单元含量可以根据需要改变。优选的碳酸酯基团含量占酯基团和碳酸酯基团总和的比例最多100%(摩尔),特别优选的是最多80%(摩尔),更优选的是最多50%(摩尔)。芳族聚酯碳酸酯的酯基团和碳酸酯基团两者都可以在缩聚物中以嵌段或无规方式分布。
芳族聚碳酸酯和芳族聚酯碳酸酯的相对溶液粘度(n相对)是1.18-1.4,优选的是1.22-1.3(于25℃,对0.5g聚碳酸酯或聚酯碳酸酯在100ml二氯甲烷中的溶液进行测定)。
热塑性芳族聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯可以单独使用,或者根据需要相互混合使用。
组分B
组分B包括一种或多种由下述B.1接枝在B.2上得到的接枝聚合物:
B.1 5-95、优选30-80%(重量)的至少一种乙烯基单体,
B.2 95-5、优选70-20%(重量)的一种或多种玻璃化转变温度<10℃、优选<0℃、特别优选<-20℃的接枝主链,
该接枝主链B2的平均粒径(d50值)一般是0.05-5μm,优选0.10-0.5μm,特别优选0.20-0.40μm。
单体B.1)优选是下述B.1.1)和B.1.2)的混合物:B.1.1 50-99重量份的乙烯基芳族化合物和/或环被取代的乙烯基芳族
化合物(例如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯和对氯
苯乙烯)和/或(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C8烷基酯(如甲基丙烯酸
甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯)和B.1.2 1-50重量份的乙烯基氰化物(不饱和腈如丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈)
和/或(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C8烷基酯(如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙
烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯)和/或不饱和羧酸的衍生物(如酸
酐和酰亚胺)(如顺丁烯二酸酐和N-苯基-顺丁烯二酰亚胺)。
优选的单体B.1.1是选自苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种,优选的单体B.1.2是选自丙烯腈、顺丁烯二酸酐和甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的至少一种。
特别优选的单体是B.1.1的苯乙烯和B.1.2的丙烯腈。
适合于接枝聚合物B的接枝基体B.2是,例如,二烯橡胶,EP(D)M橡胶,即基于乙烯/丙烯和任选地二烯的橡胶,丙烯酸酯-、聚氨酯-、硅-、氯丁二烯和乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯-橡胶。
优选的接枝基体B.2是二烯橡胶(如基于丁二烯、异戊二烯等的橡胶)或二烯橡胶的混合物,或二烯橡胶或其混合物与其它可以共聚的单体(如,根据B.1.1和B.1.2的单体)的共聚物,优选是丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,条件是,组分B.2的玻璃化转变温度低于10℃,优选低于0℃,特别优选低于-10℃。
纯的聚丁二烯橡胶是特别优选的。
特别优选的聚合物B是例如ABS聚合物(乳液、本体和悬浮ABS),如在DE-OS 2 035 390(=US 3 644 574)或在DE-OS 2 248 242(=GB 1 409275)或在Ullmann,Enzyklopdie der Technischen Chemie,第19卷(1980),第280页及其后各页中所述的。接枝基体B.2的凝胶含量为至少30%(重量)、优选至少40%(重量)(在甲苯中测定)。
接枝聚合物B通过游离基聚合例如乳液、悬浮、溶液或本体聚合制备,优选通过乳液聚合或本体聚合制备。
特别适合的接枝橡胶还有根据美国专利4 937 285通过用包含有机氢过氧化物和抗坏血酸的引发剂体系的氧化还原引发来制备的ABS聚合物。
如已知的,因为接枝单体在接枝反应期间不必全部接枝到接枝主链中,所以根据本发明的接枝聚合物B被认为也包括通过在接枝主链存在下(共)聚合接枝单体得到的并在后处理期间也被分离的那些产物。
合适的聚合物B的丙烯酸酯橡胶B.2优选是由丙烯酸烷基酯任选地与相对于B.2最多40wt.%的其它可聚合的烯属不饱和单体制备的聚合物。优选的可聚合的丙烯酸酯包括C1-C8烷基酯例如甲基、乙基、丁基、正辛基和2-乙基己基酯;卤代烷基酯、优选卤代C1-C8烷基酯例如丙烯酸氯乙基酯以及这些单体的混合物。
为了交联的目的,也可以共聚具有一个以上可聚合的双键的单体。优选的交联单体的实例有具有3-8个碳原子的不饱和单羧酸与具有3-12个碳原子的不饱和一元醇或具有2-4个羟基和2-20个碳原子的饱和多元醇的酯,例如二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯;多不饱和杂环化合物,例如氰尿酸的三乙烯基和三烯丙基酯;多官能乙烯基化合物,例如二和三乙烯基苯;以及磷酸三烯丙基酯和邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯。
优选的交联单体是甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯和具有至少三个烯属不饱和基团的杂环化合物。
特别优选的交联单体是环状单体氰尿酸三烯丙基酯、异氰尿酸三烯丙基酯、三丙烯酰基六氢均三嗪、三烯丙基苯。交联单体的量相对于接枝主链B.2优选是0.02-5、更优选是0.05-2wt.%。
有利的是将具有至少三个烯属不饱和基团的环状交联单体的量限制在接枝主链B.2的1wt.%以下。
除了丙烯酸酯之外可以任选地用来生产接枝主链B.2的优选的“其它”可聚合的烯属不饱和单体有,例如,丙烯腈、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、丙烯酰胺、乙烯基C1-C6烷基醚、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丁二烯。作为接枝主链B.2,优选的丙烯酸酯橡胶是具有至少60wt.%的凝胶含量的乳液聚合物。
其它合适的接枝主链B.2是具有活性接枝部位的硅橡胶,如在DE-OS 3 704 657、DE-OS 3 704 655、DE-OS 3 631 540和DE-OS 3 631539中所述的.
接枝主链B.2的凝胶含量是在合适的溶剂中在25℃测定的(M.Hoffmann,H.Krmer,R.Kuhn,Polymeranalytik I&II,Georg ThiemeVerlag,Stuttgart 1977)。
平均粒度d50在其上下粒子各占50wt.%的直径。该值可以通过超离心法测定(W.Scholtan,H.Lange,Kolloid Z.und Z.Polymere,250(1972),782-1796)。
组分C
组分C含有一种或多种热塑性乙烯基(共)聚合物C.1和/或聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯C.2。
适合的乙烯基(共)聚合物C.1是至少一种选自于乙烯基芳族化合物、乙烯基氰化物(不饱和腈)、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C8)-烷基酯、不饱和羧酸及其衍生物(如酸酐和酰胺)的单体的聚合物。特别适合的是下述物质的(共)聚合物:
C.1.1 50-99、优选60-80重量份的乙烯基芳族化合物和/或环被取代的乙烯基芳族化合物(如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、对-甲基苯乙烯和对-氯苯乙烯)和/或(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C8)-烷基酯(如甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸乙酯),和
C.1.2 1-50、优选20-40重量份的乙烯基氰化物(不饱和腈),如丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈,和/或(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C8)-烷基酯(如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸叔丁酯)和/或不饱和羧酸(如顺丁烯二酸)和/或不饱和羧酸的衍生物(例如酸酐和酰亚胺)(如顺丁烯二酸酐和N-苯基-顺丁烯二酰亚胺)。
(共)聚合物C.1是树脂状的、热塑性的和不含橡胶的。
由C.1.1的苯乙烯和C.1.2的丙烯腈形成的共聚物是特别优选的。
根据C.1的(共)聚合物是已知的,并且可以通过自由基聚合制备,尤其是通过乳液、悬浮、溶液或本体聚合进行制备。(共)聚合物的分子量
Mw(重均,通过光散射或沉降法测定)优选为15,000-200,000。
组分C.2的聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯是芳族二羧酸或其活性衍生物如二甲酯或酸酐与脂肪族、脂环族或芳脂族二醇的反应产物,以及这些反应产物的混合物。
优选的聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯含有至少占二元羧酸组分80%(重量)、优选至少90%(重量)的对苯二酸基团和至少占二醇组分80%(重量)、优选至少90%(重量)的乙二醇基团和/或1,4-丁二醇基团。
优选的聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯,除含有对苯二酸基团外,可以含有最多20%(摩尔)、优选最多10%(摩尔)的其它含有8-14个碳原子的芳族或脂环族二元羧酸基团或含有4-12个碳原子的脂肪族二羧酸基团,如邻苯二酸、间苯二酸、2,6-萘二酸、4,4’-联苯二酸、丁二酸、己二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸、环己烷二乙酸的基团。
优选的聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯,除含有乙二醇或1,4-丁二醇基团外,可以含有最多20%(摩尔)、优选最多10%(摩尔)的其它含有3-12个碳原子的脂肪族二醇或含有6-21个碳原子的脂环族二醇的基团,如1,3-丙二醇、2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-二羟甲基环己烷、3-乙基-2,4-戊二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、2-乙基-1,3-己二醇、2,2-二乙基-1,3-丙二醇、2,5-己二醇、1,4-二(β-羟基乙氧基)苯、2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)-丙烷、2,4-二羟基-1,1,3,3-四甲基环丁烷、2,2-二(4-β-羟基乙氧基-苯基)-丙烷和2,2-二(4-羟基丙氧基-苯基)-丙烷(DE-OS 2407 674、2 407 776和2 715 932)的基团。
聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯,可通过引入较少量3-或4-元醇或3-或4-元羧酸进行支化,如根据DE-OS 1 900 270和US-A 3 692 744。优选的支化剂是1,3,5-苯三酸、1,2,4-苯三酸、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇。
特别优选的聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯是那些只由对苯二酸和其活性衍生物(如其二烷基酯)与乙二醇和/或1,4-丁二醇制备的聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯,及其混合物。
聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯的混合物含有1-50%(重量)、优选1-30%(重量)的聚对苯二酸亚乙基酯和50-99%(重量)、优选70-99(重量)的聚对苯二酸亚丁基酯。
优选使用的聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯的特性粘度一般为0.4-1.5dl/g,优选0.5-1.2dl/g,在苯酚/邻二氯苯(1∶1重量)中于25℃用乌氏粘度计测定。
聚对苯二酸亚烷基酯可用已知方法制备(参见,如塑料手册,卷VIII,第695页及之后,卡尔-汉塞尔-弗来格(Car-Hanser-Verlag),慕尼黑1973)。
组分D
本发明的模塑组合物含有式(I)的磷化合物作为阻燃剂:
其中各取代基具有前面所述的意义。
适于本发明的根据组分D的磷化合物一般是已知的(参考,如Ullmanns Encyklopdie der Technischen Chemie,第18卷,第301页及之后,1979;Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie,第12/1卷,第43页;贝尔斯坦(Beistein),第6卷,第177页)。
优选的取代基R1-R4包括甲基、丁基、辛基、氯乙基、2-氯丙基、2,3-二溴丙基、苯基、甲苯基、枯基、萘基、氯苯基、溴苯基、五氯苯基和五溴苯基。特别优选甲基、乙基、丁基、苯基和萘基。
芳族基团R1、R2、R3和R4可以被卤素和/或C1-C4烷基取代。特别优选的芳基残基是甲苯基、苯基、二甲苯基、丙基苯基或丁基苯基以及其溴代和氯代的衍生物。
R5和R6相互独立地优选是甲基或溴。
Y优选代表C1-C7亚烷基(alkylene),特别是异亚丙基(isopropylidene)或亚甲基。
n在式(I)中可以相互独立地为0或1,优选的是1。
q可以是0、1、2、3或4,q优选是0、1或2,尤其优选q=0。
N可以为0.9-10,优选0.95-5,特别优选1-3。也可以将各种磷酸酯的混合物用作本发明的组分D。在这种情况下,N具有平均值。在该混合物中也可以存在单磷化合物(N=0)。
平均N值可以通过用适当的方法(气相色谱(GC)、高压液相色谱(HPLC)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC))测定磷酸酯混合物的组成(分子量分布)并从其计算N的平均值来测定。
组分E
氟化聚烯烃可以作为进一步的组分加入。
氟化聚烯烃E具有高分子量,并且玻璃化转变温度高于-30℃,通常高于100℃,优选的氟含量为65-76%(重量),特别优选的为70-76%(重量),平均粒径为d50=0.05-1,000μm,优选的为0.08-20μm。通常氟化聚烯烃E的密度为1.2-2.3g/cm3。优选的氟化聚烯烃E是聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯和乙烯/四氟乙烯的共聚物。氟化聚烯烃是已知的(参考Vinyl&Related Polymers,Schildknecht著,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,纽约,1962,484-494页;Fluoropolymers,Wall著,Wiley-Interscience,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,纽约,第13卷,1970,623-654页;Modern PlasticsEncyclopedia,1970-1971,第47卷,no.10A,1970年10月,McGraw-Hill,Inc.,纽约,134和774页;Modern Plastica Encyclopedia,1975-1976,1975年10月,第52卷,no.10A,McGraw-Hill,Inc.,纽约,27、28和472页;US-A 3 671 487、3 723 373和3 838 092)。
氟化聚烯烃可以由已知方法制备,例如,四氟乙烯在水介质中,使用形成自由基的催化剂,如过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾或过硫酸铵,在7-71kg/cm2的压力在0-200℃、优选20-100℃的温度下进行聚合。(更详细的资料见,如美国专利2 393 967)。根据应用形式,这类材料的密度可以是1.2-2.3g/cm3,平均粒径可以是0.5-1,000μm。
本发明优选的氟化聚烯烃E是以乳液形式使用的,其平均粒径是0.05-20μm、优选0.08-10μm,密度是1.2-1.9g/cm3,或是以粉末形式使用的,其平均粒径是100-1000μm,密度是2.0-2.3g/cm3。
氟代聚烯烃E根据本发明是以特殊的制备形式使用的:E.1)作为与组分A-C中至少一种的凝胶混合物,其中所述的氟代聚
烯烃E或聚烯烃混合物是作为乳液与至少一种组分A-C的乳液混
合然后凝胶化的,或E.2)作为与组分A-C中至少一种的预混配物,其中所述的氟代聚烯
烃E是作为粉末与至少一种组分A-C的粉末或颗粒混合并熔融混
配的,该过程通常是在200-330℃下在常规设备如内捏合机、挤
出机或双螺杆挤出机中进行的。
对于氟代聚烯烃E来说优选的制备物是与接枝聚合物B或乙烯基(共)聚合物C的凝胶混合物。
从B和E制备凝胶混合物,首先是将接枝聚合物B的水乳液(胶乳)与四氟乙烯聚合物E的细碎的乳液混合;合适的四氟乙烯聚合物乳液通常的固含量为30-70wt.%、特别是50-60wt.%、优选30-35wt.%。
在本说明书中所述的组分A、B和C的量不包括用于根据E.1和E.2的凝胶化混合物的接枝聚合物、乙烯基(共)聚合物或聚碳酸酯的比例。
在所述的乳液混合物中,接枝聚合物B或(共)聚合物对氟代聚烯烃E的平衡比率为95∶5至60∶40、优选90∶10至50∶50。然后通过已知方式将乳液混合物凝胶化,例如通过喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥或通过加入无机或有机盐、酸、碱或与水混溶的有机溶剂如醇、酮优选在20-150℃、特别是50-100℃下进行凝胶化。如果需要,干燥可以在50-200℃、优选在70-100℃进行。
合适的四氟乙烯聚合物乳液是常规的商业产品,并由例如Du Pont(Wilmington,Delaware,USA)作为Teflon30 N出售或由DyneonGmbH(Burgkichen,德国)以商品名Hostaflon提供。
优选的氟代聚烯烃E的制备物还有与聚碳酸酯A或接枝聚合物B或乙烯基(共)聚合物C的预混配物。
在该预混配物中,组分A、B或C与氟代聚烯烃E的比率是95∶5至60∶40、优选90∶10至50∶50。
合适的氟代聚烯烃粉末是常规的商业产品并由例如Du Pont作为TeflonCFP 6000 N出售或由Dyneon GmbH(Burgkichen,德国)以商名HostaflonTF 2071提供。
根据本发明的模塑组合物可以含有至少一种传统的添加剂,如润滑剂和脱模剂例如四硬脂酸季戊四醇酯、成核剂、抗静电剂、稳定剂、填料和增强材料以及染料和颜料。
所述的填充的或增强的模塑组合物相对于该填充的或增强的模塑组合物可以含有最多60、优选10-40wt.%的填料和/或增强材料。优选的增强材料是玻璃纤维。优选的填料,其也可以具有增强作用,是玻璃珠、云母、硅酸盐、石英、滑石、二氧化钛、钙硅石。
根据本发明的模塑组合物,可以含有相对于模塑组合物总量最多35%(重量)的任选可具有协同作用的其它阻燃剂。可提及的其它阻燃剂的实例包括,有机卤化合物如十溴二苯醚、四溴双酚,无机卤化合物如溴化铵,氮化合物如三聚氰胺和三聚氰胺/甲醛树脂,无机氢氧化物如氢氧化镁或铝,和无机化合物如氧化锑、偏硼酸钡、水合锑酸盐、氧化锆、氢氧化锆、氧化钼、钼酸铵、硼酸锌、硼酸铵、偏硼酸钡、滑石、硅酸盐、二氧化硅和氧化锡,以及硅氧烷化合物。此外,也可以用单磷化合物、低聚磷化合物或其混合物作为阻燃剂。这样的磷化合物描述在EP-A 363 608、EP-A 345 522和DE-OS 197 21 628中。
根据本发明的模塑组合物,其中含有组分A-E以及任选地其它已知的添加剂如稳定剂、染料、颜料、润滑剂和脱模剂、成核剂以及抗静电剂、填料和增强材料,是用已知的方法将特定组分混合并在温度为200-300℃下用传统设备,如密闭捏和机、挤出机和双螺杆挤出机将混合物熔融混配和熔融挤出进行制备的。
各组分的混合可用已知方法进行,既可以是顺序混合,也可以是同时混合,两者优选的混合温度都是约20℃(室温),也可以是较高的温度。
因此,本发明也提供了制备模塑组合物的方法。
本发明的模塑组合物适合于所有类型的模塑制品的生产。特别是可以通过注塑生产模塑制品。可以生产的模塑制品实例包括,所有类型的壳体组件,例如,家用器具如压汁机、咖啡机和混合机,或办公设备如监视器、打印机或复印机,或建筑领域的覆盖片材和汽车领域的零部件。因为具有很好的电性能,也可以在电气工程领域应用。
根据本发明的模塑组合物,可以进一步用于以下模塑制品或成型制品的生产,例如:
1.列车内部装修材料
2.轴承端盖
3.含有小型变压器的电器设备的壳体
4.数据传输和转换设备的壳体
5.医用衬垫和壳体
6.按摩设备及其壳体
7.儿童玩具车
8.片状壁元件
9.安全设备壳体
10.阻流板(Hatchback spoilers)
11.绝热运输容器
12.小动物的护所或照管装置
13.卫生间和浴室装修模塑制品
14.通风设备的护栅
15.庭院和设备库的模塑制品
16.园艺设备的壳体。
另一种加工方法是将已生产的片材和薄膜进行热成型以生产成型制品。
本发明因此也包括根据本发明的模塑组合物在生产所有类型的模塑制品方面的用途,优选的是在生产上述制品方面的用途,以及使用根据本发明的模塑组合物制造的模塑制品。
实施例
组分A
基于双酚A的聚碳酸酯,其相对溶液粘度为1.278,以CH2Cl2为溶剂,在温度为25℃、浓度为0.5g/100ml的条件下测定。
组分B
通过乳液聚合将40重量份苯乙烯与丙烯腈比例为73∶27的共聚物接枝到60重量份粒状交联聚丁二烯橡胶(平均粒径d50=0.28μm)上所制得的接枝聚合物。
组分C
苯乙烯/丙烯腈的共聚物,其苯乙烯/丙烯腈比例为72∶28,特性粘度为0.55dl/g(在二甲基甲酰胺中于202测定)。
平均N值如下测定:先用HPLC测量方法测定单体的和低聚的磷酸酯的比例,HPLC测量的条件是:
柱的类型:LiChrosorp RP-8
梯度洗脱剂:乙腈∶水50∶50至100∶0
浓度:5mg/ml
然后以已知的方式从各组分(单-和低聚磷酸酯)的比例测定加权平均值。
组分E
E.1(对比)
PTFE粉末Teflon CFP 6000 N,来自Du Pont,Wilmington,Delaware,USA。
E.2
由90重量份的接枝聚合物(40重量份的苯乙烯和丙烯腈按73∶27的比率在60重量份的平均粒径d50=0.28μm的粒状交联聚丁二烯橡胶上形成的)和10重量份的聚四氟乙烯聚合物(Teflon30 N)制备的凝胶化混合物。
E.3
由80重量份的接枝聚合物(如E.2)和20重量份的聚四氟乙烯聚合物(Teflon30 N)制备的凝胶化混合物。
E.4
由50重量份的乙烯基(共)聚合物(苯乙烯和丙烯腈按72∶28的比率的,特征粘度0.85dl/g,在二甲基甲酰胺中于20℃测定的)和50重量份的聚四氟乙烯聚合物(Teflon30 N)制备的凝胶化混合物。
E.5
由80重量份的接枝聚合物(84重量份的苯乙烯和丙烯腈按72∶28的比率在16重量份的交联聚丁二烯橡胶上形成的)和20重量份的聚四氟乙烯聚合物(TeflonCFP 6000 N)制备的预混配物。
E.6
由90重量份的乙烯基(共)聚合物(苯乙烯和丙烯腈按72∶28的比率的,特征粘度0.55dl/g,在二甲基甲酰胺中于20℃测定的)和10重量份的聚四氟乙烯聚合物(TeflonCFP 6000 N)制备的预混配物。
E.7
由90重量份的聚碳酸酯(基于双酚A,该双酚A的相对溶液粘度为1.278,在二氯甲烷中于25℃测定的,浓度为0.5g/100ml)和10重量份的聚四氟乙烯聚合物(TeflonCFP 6000 N)制备的预混配物。
根据本发明的模塑组合物的制备和测试
将各组分在ZSK 32双螺杆挤出机中与常规的加工助剂一起混合。用型号为Arburg 270 E的注射模塑机在260℃生产成型制品。
切口冲击强度按照方法IS0 180 1A在尺寸为80×10×4mm3的棒条上测试。
维卡B热变形温度根据DIN 53 460在尺寸为80×10×4mm3的棒条上测试。
断裂伸长根据ISO 527/DIN 53 457测定。
阻燃性根据UL 94V测定。
应力开裂行为(ESC行为)在尺寸为80×10×4mm3的棒条上进行研究,注塑温度为260℃。所用的试验介质是60vol.%的甲苯和40vol.%的异丙醇的混合物。将试件在环状弧模板上预拉伸(初始伸长εk,以百分比表示)并在室温下浸没在试验介质中。作为在试验介质中的初始伸长的函数基于开裂或失败来评价应力开裂行为。表1
模塑组合物的组成和性能
1(对比) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
组分[重量份] | |||||||
A | 68.4 | 68.4 | 68.4 | 68.4 | 68.4 | 68.4 | 64.8 |
B | 9.4 | 5.8 | 7.8 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.4 |
C | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 9.3 |
D | 12.5 | 1.25 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
E.1 | 0.4 | ||||||
E.2 | - | 4.0 | - | - | - | - | |
E.3 | - | - | 2.0 | - | - | - | |
E.4 | - | - | - | 0.8 | - | - | |
E.5 | - | - | - | - | 2.0 | - | |
E.6 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.0 | - |
E.7 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.0 | |
性能: | |||||||
VicatB 120[℃] | 102 | 103 | 103 | 103 | 103 | 102 | 103 |
akISO 180 1A[kJ/m2] | 42 | 47 | 50 | 48 | 48 | 46 | 45 |
断裂伸长[%] | 35 | 56 | 58 | 65 | 75 | 70 | 68 |
ESC行为,失败,在εx[%]时 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
UL 94,在1.6mm时 | |||||||
等级 | V-2 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 |
总燃烧时间 [sec] | 47 | 29 | 27 | 22 | 19 | 28 | 26 |
本发明的模塑组合物,即从特殊的PTFE制备的那些,被下列特征所区别:明显改进的机械性能(缺口冲击强度(ak)、断裂伸长)、较大的耐应力开裂性以及根据UL94V试验的改进的阻燃性(减少燃滴的形成、缩短的燃烧时间)。具有该范围的性质,本发明的模塑组合物特别适用于承受机械应力和材料负荷的复杂几何结构的阻燃房屋构件。
Claims (18)
R1、R2、R3和R4相互独立地代表任选被卤代的C1-C8烷基,各任选地被卤素和/或烷基取代的C5-C6环烷基、C6-C10芳基或C7-C12芳烷基,
n相互独立地代表0或1,
q相互独立地代表0、1、2、3或4,
N为0.9-10,
R5和R6相互独立地代表C1-C4烷基或卤素,
Y代表C1-C7亚烷基(alkylidene)、C1-C7亚烷基(alkylene)、C5-C12环亚烷基(cycloalkylene)、C5-C12环亚烷基(cycloalkylidene)、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-或-CO-。
2.根据权利要求1的模塑组合物,含有下列形式的氟代聚烯烃或聚烯烃混合物:
1)与至少一种选自接枝聚合物、共聚物和聚碳酸酯的组分的凝
胶混合物,其中氟代聚烯烃是作为乳液与至少一种这些组分
的乳液混合,然后凝胶化的;或者,
2)与至少一种选自接枝聚合物、共聚物和聚碳酸酯的组分的预
混配物,其中氟代聚烯烃是作为粉末与至少一种所述组分的
粉末或颗粒混合并熔融混配的。
3.根据权利要求1的模塑组合物,其含有0.5-20重量份的式(I)的磷化合物或其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1-3的模塑组合物,其以凝胶化混合物或预混配物的形式含有0.01-3重量份的氟代聚烯烃。
5.根据权利要求4的模塑组合物,其含有0.05-2重量份的氟代聚烯烃。
6.根据权利要求1的模塑组合物,含有
A)40-99重量份的芳族聚碳酸酯和/或聚酯碳酸酯,
B)0.5-60重量份的B.1)接枝在B.2)上的接枝聚合物:
B.1)5-95wt.%的一种或多种乙烯基单体,
B.2)95-5wt.%的一种或多种玻璃化转变温度<10℃的接枝主链,
C)0-45重量份的至少一种选自乙烯基(共)聚合物和聚对苯二甲
酸亚烷基酯的热塑性聚合物,
D)0.5-20重量份的通式(I)的磷化合物:其中R1-R6、Y、n、N和q具有权利要求1中所述的意义,
E)0.01-3重量份的根据权利要求1的氟代聚烯烃。
7.根据前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物,其中式(I)中N为0.95-5的平均值。
8.根据前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物,其中式(I)中N为1-3的平均值。
9.根据前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物,其以下列形式含有氟代聚烯烃或聚烯烃混合物:
1)与组分A-C中至少一种的凝胶混合物,其中所述的氟代聚烯
烃E或聚烯烃混合物是作为乳液与至少一种组分A-C的乳液
混合然后凝胶化的,或
2)与组分A-C中至少一种的预混配物,其中所述的氟代聚烯烃
E是作为粉末与至少一种组分A-C的粉末或颗粒混合并熔融
混配的。
10.根据前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物,其含有一种或多种B.1在B.2上的接枝聚合物:
B.1 5-95wt.%的至少一种乙烯基单体,
B.2 95-5wt.%的一种或多种玻璃化转变温度<10℃的接枝主链。
11.根据权利要求10的模塑组合物,作为乙烯基单体B.1含有B.1.1和B.1.2的混合物:
B.1.1 50-99重量份的乙烯基芳族化合物和/或环被取代的乙烯基芳族化合物和/或(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C8烷基酯,和
B.1.2 1-50重量份的乙烯基氰化物和/或(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C8烷基酯和/或不饱和羧酸的衍生物。
12.根据前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物,其含有二烯橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、硅橡胶或乙烯/丙烯/二烯橡胶或其混合物作为接枝主链B.2。
13.根据前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物,其中在式(I)中Y表示异亚丙基或亚甲基。
14.根据权利要求13的模塑组合物,其中在式(I)中Y表示异亚丙基。
15.根据前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物,其中含有至少一种选自乙烯基芳族化合物、乙烯基氰化物、(甲基)丙烯酸(C1-C8)-烷基酯、不饱和羧酸及不饱和羧酸的衍生物(如酸酐和酰亚胺)的单体的乙烯基(共)聚合物。
16.根据前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物,其中它们含有至少一种选自下列的添加剂:稳定剂、颜料、脱模剂、流动助剂和/或抗静电剂、填料和增强材料。
17.前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物在生产模塑制品方面的用途。
18.可由前述权利要求之一的模塑组合物获得的模塑制品。
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DE10005768A1 (de) * | 2000-02-10 | 2001-08-16 | Bayer Ag | Verwendung von verbrückten halogenierten Arylphosphaten als Flammschutzmittel |
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-
1999
- 1999-03-27 DE DE19914137A patent/DE19914137A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-03-14 DE DE50013304T patent/DE50013304D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-14 WO PCT/EP2000/002242 patent/WO2000058395A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-14 AU AU38111/00A patent/AU3811100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-03-14 US US09/937,469 patent/US6767943B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-14 KR KR1020017012299A patent/KR100603474B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-14 CA CA2368188A patent/CA2368188C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-14 BR BRPI0009325-4A patent/BR0009325B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-14 EP EP00916940A patent/EP1169385B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-14 ES ES00916940T patent/ES2267509T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-14 AT AT00916940T patent/ATE335787T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-14 JP JP2000608685A patent/JP4942873B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-14 MX MXPA01009708A patent/MXPA01009708A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-14 CN CNB008056250A patent/CN1213098C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-15 TW TW089104676A patent/TWI286153B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-24 AR ARP000101341A patent/AR035315A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2002
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100360601C (zh) * | 2003-02-03 | 2008-01-09 | 拜尔材料科学股份公司 | 耐火聚碳酸酯共混物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50013304D1 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
JP2002540277A (ja) | 2002-11-26 |
EP1169385B1 (de) | 2006-08-09 |
EP1169385A1 (de) | 2002-01-09 |
US6767943B1 (en) | 2004-07-27 |
KR100603474B1 (ko) | 2006-07-24 |
ATE335787T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
BR0009325A (pt) | 2002-01-22 |
MXPA01009708A (es) | 2002-05-14 |
BR0009325B1 (pt) | 2011-02-22 |
AR035315A1 (es) | 2004-05-12 |
CA2368188A1 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
AU3811100A (en) | 2000-10-16 |
CA2368188C (en) | 2010-09-07 |
TWI286153B (en) | 2007-09-01 |
KR20010105397A (ko) | 2001-11-28 |
HK1045704A1 (zh) | 2002-12-06 |
WO2000058395A1 (de) | 2000-10-05 |
ES2267509T3 (es) | 2007-03-16 |
CN1213098C (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
DE19914137A1 (de) | 2000-09-28 |
JP4942873B2 (ja) | 2012-05-30 |
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