CN1316540A - 耐热钢 - Google Patents
耐热钢 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1316540A CN1316540A CN01109492A CN01109492A CN1316540A CN 1316540 A CN1316540 A CN 1316540A CN 01109492 A CN01109492 A CN 01109492A CN 01109492 A CN01109492 A CN 01109492A CN 1316540 A CN1316540 A CN 1316540A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 51
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 43
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000922 High-strength low-alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 boiler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/003—Cementite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
Abstract
Description
钢 | 化学组成(质量%) 其余:Fe及杂质 | |||||||||||||
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | V | Nb | Mo | N | B | Ti | Ta | Ni | |
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV | 0.060.070.150.070.100.080.210.100.060.070.070.070.080.110.120.100.120.150.120.080.090.10 | 0.250.250.170.310.240.220.270.250.170.250.220.250.240.170.350.310.350.270.510.550.250.28 | 0.500.350.800.250.350.430.230.020.500.480.350.280.850.510.620.600.950.500.550.350.600.82 | 0.0110.0120.0080.0120.0090.0130.0080.0080.0120.0130.0130.0110.0120.0130.0090.0140.0120.0130.0120.0130.0100.011 | 0.0020.0020.0020.0010.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0010.0010.0020.0030.0020.0020.0010.0020.0030.0010.0010.0020.001 | 1.242.250.801.152.101.500.822.262.341.251.252.241.256.501.242.261.257.002.252.252.561.25 | 0.110.250.050.170.150.050.100.250.220.100.100.230.170.210.100.250.250.350.210.250.230.15 | 0.0400.0500.0300.0500.0100.1000.0530.0620.0250.050--0.0500.0500.0400.0600.0500.050-0.010-- | 0.380.120.250.480.550.780.310.080.020.430.500.09--0.650.20--0.050.110.08- | 0.00720.00460.00530.00600.00650.00540.00590.00430.00880.00860.00730.00830.00570.00670.00430.00640.00080.00050.00720.00870.00040.0002 | 0.00250.00300.00250.00210.00240.00340.00100.00400.00600.00400.00350.00450.00400.00350.00430.0025---0.00200.0020- | 0.006-0.005-0.008--0.010--0.0100.0100.030-------0.010- | -----0.01--------0.01------- | 0.15---0.100.10-0.02-0.120.15--0.200.25------- |
钢 | 化学组成(质量%) 其余:Fe及杂质 | |||||||||||
Cu | Co | W | Al | Ca | Mg | Nd | fn1 | fn2 | fn3 | fn4 | fn5 | |
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV | 0.150.10--0.10--0.050.110.15--0.200.25------- | ----0.10---------0.10------- | 1.55----0.051.630.05--1.63--0.501.50--1.851.941.60- | 0.00250.0039-0.00020.00150.00140.00940.00720.00590.00250.00290.00250.00290.00240.00340.00520.00020.00370.00020.00030.0028- | 0.00250.0010---0.00300.0021--0.00150.00230.00250.00230.0016-------- | --0.0025-----0.0018------------- | ----0.001----0.003------------ | 0.0370.0160.1350.0410.0670.0330.1900.0460.0570.0440.0400.0160.0800.1100.0660.0430.1200.1500.0620.0150.0370.100 | 0.2180.3200.3960.0360.1760.359-0.089-0.010-0.3690.2340.1480.253-0.530-0.8700.5920.588-0.430-0.8800.5450.3760.565-0.560 | 0.00010.00150.00070.00010.00020.0016-0.00100.00260.00300.00110.00110.00170.00210.00130.00290.0004-0.0003-0.0002-0.0024-0.00090.0019-0.0001 | 0.0670.0710.064-0.0060.1500.1640.0170.0730.1140.0790.0790.0900.0090.7190.0770.073-0.0710.6500.1110.0710.1360.029 | 1.4961.4811.653-1.2920.7812.2381.2301.4931.4281.8541.7551.9730.1861.5441.382-0.2422.8592.2451.4554.632 |
fn1=C-0.06×(Mo+0.5W)、fn2=Mn+0.69×log(Mo+0.5W+0.01)fn3=B-(N/3)、fn4=(Cr/7)-V、fn5=log{(Cr/7)-V}×log(Nb+2Ti+0.001)fn5栏中的“-”表示偏离对数的“真数>0”的基本法则。 |
钢 | 化学组成(质量%) 其余:Fe及杂质 | |||||||||||||
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | V | Nb | Mo | N | B | Ti | Ta | Ni | |
12345678910111213141516 | 0.140.100.060.070.080.300.070.140.260.0020.150.140.100.150.060.09 | 0.250.300.750.350.260.250.260.750.250.080.030.240.250.230.350.28 | 0.450.450.351.850.550.350.351.490.500.511.350.360.510.800.850.50 | 0.0150.0100.0120.0110.0120.0110.0120.0090.0030.0020.0050.0110.0140.0120.0120.011 | 0.0040.0020.0020.0030.0020.0020.0020.0050.0010.0010.0010.0030.0010.0020.0020.002 | 1.012.251.351.230.311.281.820.52---5.506.501.232.251.40 | --0.150.110.070.650.020.171.010.48-0.220.090.110.050.08 | --0.0200.0500.0200.0500.0020.012--0.0500.0500.0300.0400.0100.030 | 0.350.980.650.580.250.513.050.520.530.30-1.501.250.551.001.06 | 0.01010.01240.00480.00610.00320.00400.00420.00510.00250.00220.00350.00520.00790.00630.00530.0047 | --0.00320.00450.00260.00350.00210.0012-0.30-0.00310.00300.00250.00050.0008 | --0.005------0.70-0.0100.005-- | -------------0.01-- | 0.05-----------0.10--- |
钢 | 化学组成(质量%) 其余:Fe及杂质 | |||||||||||
Cu | Co | W | Al | Ca | Mg | Nd | fn1 | fn2 | fn3 | fn4 | fn5 | |
12345678910111213141516 | 0.05--------------- | -----0.01-------0.10-- | ----0.01-----5.301.300.15-0.750.50 | 0.00450.00370.00270.00050.00130.00210.00040.00660.00260.00240.00270.00160.00350.00220.00250.0021 | -----------0.0010-0.0020-- | ---0.0010------------ | ---------------- | 0.1190.0410.0210.0350.0650.269-0.1130.1090.228-0.016-0.0090.0110.0210.117-0.0230.011 | 0.1440.4470.2251.6920.1520.1540.6851.3000.3150.1591.6430.5910.5970.6260.9480.583 | -0.0034-0.00410.00160.00250.00150.00220.0007-0.0005-0.00080.2993-0.00120.00140.00040.0004-0.0013-0.0008 | 0.3210.1440.0430.066-0.026-0.4670.240-0.096-1.010-0.48000.5660.8390.0660.2710.120 | 2.5221.4792.0641.528--1.564----0.2840.1061.6401.1091.389 |
fn1=C-0.06×(Mo+0.5W)、fn2=Mn+0.69×log(Mo+0.5W+0.01)fn3=B-(N/3)、fn4=(Cr/7)-V、fn5=log{(Cr/7)-V}×log(Nb+2Ti+0.001)fn5栏中的“-”表示偏离对数的“真数>0”的基本法则。 |
钢 | 正火温度(℃) | 回火参数PLM | 材料的组织 |
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV*1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9*10*111213*14*1516 | 9301050930930920920950110010501050950950950105010501050950105095010509509209209201050930950950930105095095095010501050950960960 | 2030020900199002030020500203002100020900209002090020500205002050020500205002090020500205002050020900205001990020300203002030020300199001990020300199002050020500205002105021050210501870018700 | BBBB+FBBB+FBBBBBBBBBB+FB+FB+FB+FBB+FB+FB+FBBB+FB+FB+FMM+FFB+FBBBB+FB+F |
PLM=(T+273)×(logt+20)式中,T为回火温度(℃)、t为回火时间(小时)材料的组织栏的B为贝氏体、F为铁氧体、M为马氏体。*记号表示偏离本发明的规定以外。 |
钢 | 平均直径30nm以下的粒内析出物的存在密度(个/μm3) | 平均直径30nm以下的粒内连贯析出物的存在密度(个/μm3) | 晶界析出物 | 高温拉伸强度(MPa) | 500℃×8000h平均蠕变强度(MPa) | 10000h/100h蠕变强度比 | 摆锤式转变温度(℃) | |||
短径/长径 | 金属元素中的V量(质量%) | |||||||||
500℃ | 550℃ | 500℃ | 550℃ | |||||||
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV | 39533012443314503520283519214345151217251814 | 39533012443314503520283519214345787201010 | 0.800.800.700.700.700.600.600.700.700.700.700.800.800.550.600.650.700.650.350.550.600.35 | 2.52.82.23.02.82.32.32.62.82.73.13.52.83.52.82.52.73.02.22.41.52.3 | 485502471435471479422520496480468470472465512479418435435445428425 | 415438403375412420365443423412393400398389435418368427377380370367 | 295305288265299290268303292285286290275277298300250255253277260250 | 0.710.750.650.710.720.670.630.670.710.640.720.650.680.630.760.600.610.650.580.720.700.66 | 0.630.660.530.580.620.590.510.520.560.520.610.520.510.530.680.510.530.550.510.550.530.52 | -43-42-25-5-24-29-15-39-41-25-13-12-15-20-48-15-8-7-6-10-8-9 |
钢 | 平均直径30nm以下的粒内析出物的存在密度(个/μm3) | 平均直径30nm以下的粒内连贯析出物的存在密度(个/μm3) | 晶界析出物 物 | 高温拉伸强度(MPa) | 500℃×8000h平均蠕变强度(MPa) | 10000h/100h蠕变强度比 | 摆锤式转变温度(℃) | |||
短径/长径 | 金属元素中的V量(质量% | |||||||||
500℃ | 550℃ | 500℃ | 550℃ | |||||||
*1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9*10*111213*14*1516 | * -* -223* 0.521530* 0.52* -* 0.1* 0.212* 0.5* 0.5 | --0.52-220.050.5----0.1-- | 0.20.150.20.10.40.20.30.250.150.10.30.250.30.40.150.1 | --0.80.051.03.50.10.8--4.0----- | 367381395465322500348487535420508486473475471482 | 267285305398189356246260452388424393403383401413 | 219225235240211237236208221234227231228213229225 | 0.480.510.530.680.520.650.580.510.350.410.390.430.420.450.370.39 | 0.380.430.410.460.420.410.450.390.280.280.250.310.280.340.250.26 | 20513-218151603541102512182515 |
析出物存在密度栏的“-”表示不存在规定大小的析出物。金属元素中的V栏中“-”表示检测不出V。*记号表示偏离本发明的规定条件以外。 |
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP93827/2000 | 2000-03-30 | ||
JP2000093827 | 2000-03-30 | ||
JP2001021239A JP3518515B2 (ja) | 2000-03-30 | 2001-01-30 | 低・中Cr系耐熱鋼 |
JP21239/2001 | 2001-01-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1316540A true CN1316540A (zh) | 2001-10-10 |
CN1117883C CN1117883C (zh) | 2003-08-13 |
Family
ID=26588870
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN01109492A Expired - Lifetime CN1117883C (zh) | 2000-03-30 | 2001-03-15 | 耐热钢 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6514359B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1143026B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3518515B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100422409B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1117883C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2342664C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60110861T2 (zh) |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1317414C (zh) * | 2002-10-08 | 2007-05-23 | 日新制钢株式会社 | 同时改善成形性和高温强度·耐高温氧化性·低温韧性的铁素体系钢板 |
CN100342052C (zh) * | 2004-01-20 | 2007-10-10 | 吉林大学 | 热作模具钢 |
CN100406608C (zh) * | 2005-04-18 | 2008-07-30 | 张光华 | 超强型耐热钢 |
CN101258256B (zh) * | 2005-09-06 | 2010-11-24 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | 低合金钢 |
CN102181785A (zh) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-09-14 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | 抗hic铁素体系耐热钢及其制备工艺 |
CN102690996A (zh) * | 2012-06-01 | 2012-09-26 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | 一种高温用无缝铁素体合金钢及其生产方法 |
CN103667934A (zh) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-03-26 | 铜陵安东铸钢有限责任公司 | 一种低碳不锈钢材料及其制备方法 |
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- 2001-03-15 CN CN01109492A patent/CN1117883C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 DE DE60110861T patent/DE60110861T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 KR KR10-2001-0016124A patent/KR100422409B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2001-03-28 US US09/818,830 patent/US6514359B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 EP EP01400799A patent/EP1143026B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2342664A1 (en) | 2001-09-30 |
JP2001342549A (ja) | 2001-12-14 |
KR100422409B1 (ko) | 2004-03-10 |
EP1143026B1 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
DE60110861T2 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
EP1143026A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
US6514359B2 (en) | 2003-02-04 |
CN1117883C (zh) | 2003-08-13 |
KR20010100856A (ko) | 2001-11-14 |
DE60110861D1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
US20010035235A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
JP3518515B2 (ja) | 2004-04-12 |
CA2342664C (en) | 2004-05-18 |
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