CN1316158C - 通过注射成型形成的用于内燃机的双口进气装置 - Google Patents
通过注射成型形成的用于内燃机的双口进气装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在本发明的双口进气装置中,进气歧管组件包括三个块,每个块由塑料材料通过注射成型而模制形成,这三个块包括:第一块,该第一块限定了稳压箱的一半;第二块,该第二块限定了各进气管的一半;以及第三块,该第三块限定了稳压箱的其余一半以及各进气管的其余一半。因此,进气歧管组件可以提供各种特征,以便限定以彼此平行关系布置的一对分支部分,同时形成为适于注射成型方法。因为稳压箱由第一和第三块(也可选择借助于第二块)限定,同时各进气管由第二和第三块(也可选择借助于第一块)限定,所以基本包括三个块的进气歧管组件可以在内部限定双口进气装置所需的基本特征,而不需要附加部件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的双口进气装置,该进气装置对于各气缸都提供有一对布置成相互平行的分支部分;尤其是涉及一种用于内燃机的双口进气装置,该进气装置适于通过注射成型塑料材料而形成。
背景技术
已经多次提出通过模制塑料材料来形成进气歧管,主要是为了最小化发动机的重量。例如,日本专利公报特开2001-342918公开了一种进气歧管,该进气歧管由两个零件构成,这两个零件沿平行于进气流方向的平面彼此粘接,以便限定共同与稳压箱(surge tank)连接的各个进气管。
还提出了多种双口进气歧管。根据日本实用新型公开H03-41056所述,各进气管包括:一对分支部分,该对分支部分具有从稳压箱分支的不同长度,并以相互平行的关系与相同气缸连接;以及蝶形阀,用于根据发动机的负载状态而选择地关闭一个分支部分,以便在发动机的较宽工作范围内优化发动机的进气容积效率。
不过,当进气歧管用作双口进气装置的一部分时,通过注射成型塑料材料而形成进气歧管的前述提议并不适于模制具有更复杂结构的进气歧管,因为设计的自由度有限。特别是,用于选择关闭一个分支部分的蝶型阀的支承结构将使得进气歧管的结构复杂。
还有,用于双口进气装置的蝶型阀通常由隔膜促动器驱动,并需要用于储存进气负压的负压腔室。需要负压腔室以及用于使负压源与负压腔室和隔膜促动器连通的管路也增加了进气装置的复杂性。
发明内容
考虑到现有技术的这些问题,本发明的主要目的是提供一种用于内燃机的改进的双口进气装置,该双口进气装置适于通过注射成型塑料材料来制造。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种用于内燃机的改进的双口进气装置,该双口进气装置的结构简单且紧凑。
本发明的第三目的是提供一种用于内燃机的改进的双口进气装置,它包括一体布置在进气歧管组件内部的负压腔室,用于以非常节省空间的方式储存用于隔膜促动器的负压。
本发明的第四目的是提供一种用于内燃机的改进的双口进气装置,该双口进气装置设有进气歧管组件,该进气歧管组件具有以在发动机一侧的点为中心的曲率,并使发动机和进气装置的整个轮廓限制在有限容积内。
本发明的至少一些目的能够通过提供一种用于具有直列式气缸排的内燃机的进气装置来实现,该进气装置包括:进气歧管组件,该进气歧管组件限定了在组件的节流阀端附近的稳压箱和多个进气管,各进气管包括一对分支部分,该对分支部分通向组件的气缸盖端;蝶型阀,该蝶型阀由在各进气管的两个分支部分中的一个内的蝶型阀支承部分可旋转地支承,用于选择关闭相应的分支部分;以及隔膜促动器,该隔膜促动器布置在进气歧管组件附近,用于通过向它选择地供给进气负压而驱动蝶型阀;其中,进气歧管组件包括至少三个块,每个块由塑料材料通过注射成型而模制形成,这三个块包括:第一块,该第一块限定了稳压箱的一半;第二块,该第二块限定了各进气管的一半;以及第三块,该第三块限定了稳压箱的其余一半以及各进气管的其余一半。
分支部分通常基本彼此平行地延伸,并在其下游端彼此合并。
通过这样由以合适方式布置和分布的三个块形成进气歧管组件,进气歧管组件可具有各种特征,以便确定以彼此平行关系布置的一对分支部分,同时形成为适于注射成型方法。特别是,各块可以设有适于通过使用相对简单的模制模具组件来模制的相对简单形状,该模具组件除了模具部件外还可以包括芯,该模具部件用于限定模制产品的外部形状。
因为稳压箱由第一和第三块(也可选择借助于第二块)限定,同时各进气管由第二和第三块(也可选择借助于第一块)限定,所以基本包括三个块的进气歧管组件可以在内部限定双口进气装置所需的基本特征,而不需要附加部件。当需要时,在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下,各块可以包括多个子块。
根据本发明的优选实施例,进气装置可以沿发动机的外轮廓延伸,以便允许包括进气装置的发动机组件能够装入有限空间内。在该实施例中,各进气管的下游端包括弯头部分,该弯头部分具有开口出口端,该开口出口端由第三块限定,并在基本平行于气缸轴线以及直列式气缸排的纵向方向延伸的平面内,且稳压箱的上游端包括弯头部分,该弯头部分有开口进口端,该开口进口端由第一块限定,并在与由气缸轴线和直列式气缸排的纵向方向确定的平面基本平行的平面内。
隔膜促动器可以包括壳体,该壳体的一部分与进气歧管组件的一部分(例如该进气歧管组件的第三块)模制成一体,这样,该特征也可以与进气歧管组件形成一体,以便不需要附加部件。该隔膜促动器需要电磁阀,用于控制向隔膜促动器的负压供给,但是在该情况下,通过使得用于支承电磁阀的支柱部件与靠近隔膜促动器的进气歧管组件部分模制成一体,也可以将对附加部件的需要减至最小。
进气歧管组件还可以限定负压腔室以及使该负压腔室与稳压箱连通的连通通道,以便最小化对外部或附加部件的需要。在这种情况下,止回阀可以装入连通通道中,用于储存负压腔室中的负压。同时,用于可旋转地支承蝶型阀的支承部分可以布置在进气歧管组件中,优选是在该进气歧管组件的第一和第三块之间。
附图说明
下面将参考附图描述本发明,在附图中:
图1是设有本发明的进气装置的舷外装马达的局部剖侧视图;
图2是舷外装马达的剖视平面图;
图3是进气歧管组件的分解透视图;
图4是进气歧管组件的剖视侧视图;
图5是进气歧管组件的局部放大剖视图;
图6是进气歧管组件的横剖图;
图7是进气歧管组件的隔膜促动器和周围部件的局部平面图;以及
图8是进气歧管组件的局部平面图,示出了与进气歧管组件模制成一体的隔膜促动器的壳体的一部分。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了舷外装马达的发动机。除了进气装置为新颖结构外,该舷外装马达1为自身已知的类型,用于通过艉托架2安装在艉甲板3上。该舷外装马达1的发动机4安装在安装机匣7上,且该安装机匣7基本与旋转机匣6成一体,该旋转机匣6再与艉托架2连接,以便能绕水平伸出的倾斜轴5自由地垂直旋转。安装在安装机匣7上的发动机4基本整个由可拆卸的发动机盖8来覆盖。
安装机匣7与延伸机匣9的上端连接,且伸向螺旋推进器(图中未示出)的驱动轴10在安装机匣7中与发动机4的曲轴11连接。
发动机4例如由直列式四缸立式曲轴发动机构成,并包括曲柄箱12、气缸体13和气缸盖14。该发动机4相对于船定向成使得发动机4的曲柄箱端部朝前。气缸盖14限定了燃烧室19,该燃烧室19分别通过进气阀17和排气阀18而选择地与进气口15和排气口16连通(见图2)。
进气装置20布置成对着由曲柄箱12、气缸体13和气缸盖14限定的发动机侧(左侧)表面。该进气装置20包括:进气消音器腔室21和节流阀本体22,它们布置成对着曲柄箱12的前端表面;以及进气歧管组件26,该进气歧管组件26布置成对着发动机的左侧表面。进气歧管组件26包括:弯头部分23,该弯头部分23与节流阀本体22的外端连接;稳压箱部分24,该稳压箱部分24从弯头部分23连续伸出;以及各个进气管25,各进气管25从稳压箱部分24分支,并分别与相应一个气缸的进气口15连接。该进气装置20通过使用螺纹紧固件将稳压箱部分24固定到曲柄箱12的侧表面上,以及通过使用螺纹紧固件将各进气管25的下游端固定到气缸盖14的侧表面上而安装在发动机4上。
各进气管25沿气缸排的长度一个接一个地布置在气缸体13的一侧(左侧),且各进气管25的、靠近稳压箱部分24的上游端包括位于发动机附近的较短分支部分27以及位置远离发动机的较长分支部分28,这两个分支部分成相互平行的关系。这两个分支部分27和28共同合并到在相应进气管25的下游端的公共管部分C中,且各进气管25还延伸至与气缸盖14连接的连接端25c上。各较短管部分27设有蝶形阀29,该蝶形阀29与布置在其它各进气管25的较短管部分27中的其它蝶形阀29一起运动。
进气歧管组件26包括三块,如图3所示。各块这样构成,即,分别包括较短分支部分27和较长分支部分28的各进气管25彼此平行地布置在其中间部分处,且稳压箱部分24可以通过使用金属模具组件来模制,每个金属模具组件基本包括两个零件。如图4所示,第一块或内部块31包括节流阀本体安装部分30以及稳压箱部分24的、对着发动机的壁24a,第二块或外部块32包括各进气管25的外半部分25a以及稳压箱24的、背离发动机的壁24b,各进气管25的外半部分25a具有分隔平面P1,该分隔平面P1沿进气流的流线环绕在发动机侧壁上的点以特定曲率弯曲,而第三块或中间块35包括:各进气管25的内半部分25b;各进气管25的、靠近气缸盖14的端部25c;蝶形阀支承部分33;各较短分支部分27的开口上游端以及与稳压箱的、背离发动机的壁24b连续的弯头部分23。内部块31和中间块35沿分隔平面P2而彼此分开,该分隔平面P2基本平行于稳压箱部分24的、对着发动机的壁24a延伸。
这三个块31、32和35分别通过注射合适的模制塑料材料来模制,并例如通过振动焊接而彼此连接。这些块的每对粘接表面都分别设有凸起37和互补凹口36,如图5所示。各凸起37都设有合适量的交叠或过量材料,这样,当它们焊接在一起时,凸起37的材料的一部分熔化并熔合到凹口36中。
参考图6,四个蝶形阀29由公共轴40支承,该公共轴40在其两端40a、40b和三个中间部分40c处由轴保持器39a至39c可旋转地支承。轴40的一端40b通过布置在相应轴保持器39b上的弹簧件41(作为该轴保持器39b的整体模制件)而沿径向方向弹性推压,以便能无游隙地平滑旋转。另一轴保持器39a与对着轴40外端40a的外部块32形成一体,而在中间部分处的三个轴保持器39c配合接收轴40的相应中间部分40c。轴40的、被轴颈支承在三个轴保持器39c上的中间部分40c分别设有环形脊,以便形成迷宫式密封,用于防止吸入气体在相邻进气通道之间泄漏,并提供中间部分40c的无摩擦轴颈支承。
用于蝶形阀29的轴40的另一端40a(上端)与自身已知的隔膜促动器42相连,该隔膜促动器42用于由进气真空驱动。四个蝶形阀29通过根据规定控制信号间歇驱动电磁阀43而同时打开和关闭,从而持续控制负压向隔膜促动器42的供给。
隔膜促动器42的大气压力腔室44由与中间块35模制成一体的壁部限定,如图8所示,从而使所需的部件数目减至最小。
内部块31在靠近稳压箱部分24处设有凸出部分46a,该凸出部分46a与在蝶形阀29附近形成于中间块35中的凹口45配合而限定负压腔室46,如图5最佳地所示。特别是,负压腔室46位于它的下游侧的蝶形阀29附近,并在各进气管25的内周部分上的较短分支部分27的内周部分上,该内周部分环绕位于发动机侧部的曲率中心而弯曲。
如图5所示,负压腔室46的、沿气缸排方向的中间部分处设有柱形孔47,该柱形孔47的底端与稳压箱24连通。柱形孔47装配有负压止回阀48。该负压止回阀48包括:阀部件49,该阀部件49为倒蘑菇形的形状,并由相对较软的塑料材料制成;以及阀支承部件51,该阀支承部件51保持阀部件49,以便能轴向运动规定冲程,且该阀支承部件51形成有阀座50,该阀座50与阀部件49配合。阀支承部件51通过密封部件52例如O形环而配合装入柱形孔47中。
因此,负压腔室46的较大部分、稳压箱24以及与这些部件连通并装有负压止回阀48的柱形孔47与形成进气歧管组件26的中间块35模制成一体。因此,不需要单独的管路来将进气负压导向负压腔室46。
负压阀48的操作如下。当各进气管25中的负压增加时,阀部件49吸向各进气管25并离开阀座50,因此,负压腔室46内为负压。当各进气管中的负压减小时,阀部件49压靠阀座50,这样,负压腔室46中的负压保持较高水平。
负压腔室46通过电磁阀43和橡胶管53而与隔膜促动器42的负压腔室54连接,最好如图7所示,这样,通过打开和关闭电磁阀43而在隔膜促动器42的负压腔室54和负压腔室46之间选择地形成连通。电磁阀43通过使用螺纹紧固件而安装到支柱部分55上,该支柱部分55一体形成于中间块35的侧表面上,并靠近隔膜促动器42的大气压力腔室44。还由于负压腔室46布置成靠近蝶形阀支承部分33,所以,连接负压腔室46、电磁阀43以及隔膜促动器42的负压腔室54的橡胶管53的长度能够进一步减小。
因此,当隔膜57通过在隔膜促动器42的负压腔室54中压缩的压缩线圈弹簧56而推向大气压力腔室44时,蝶形阀29打开,从紧邻蝶形阀29的开口端34通向气缸盖端25c的较短管部分27与较长管部分28的进气上游端连通(在高速、高负载工作范围内)。当负压引入隔膜促动器42的负压腔室54中时,隔膜57拉向负压腔室54,蝶形阀29关闭(如图4中的双点划线所示),且只有具有开口端28a(该开口端28a位于较短管部分27的开口端34的更上游处)的较长管部分28连通(在低速、低负载工作范围内)。这样,各进气管25的截面面积和长度可以根据发动机4的工作状态而变成两级。
使较长分支部分28的上游端与较短管部分27分离的管壁58下游端位于与较短分支部分27在稳压箱24中的开口端34相同的平面D内。该平面D以及各进气管25的气缸盖端25c的轴线垂直于金属模具组件的分隔平面P2延伸,这样,模制产品可以毫无困难地从中间块35中取出。限定负压腔室46的凹口45的轴线以及装配有负压止回阀48的柱形孔47的轴线也垂直于金属模具组件的分隔平面P2延伸,以便使该中间块35与模制产品分离。
隔膜促动器42的大气压腔室44的中心轴线A可以相对于与平面D平行的方向或者使中间块35分离的方向倾斜(如图8所示),因为它通过使用单独的可滑动芯61(由虚线表示)来模制。还可以通过使大气压腔室44的开口端朝着图8中的上方以及将中心轴线定向成平行于平面D而省略该单独的可滑动芯61。
尽管已经通过优选实施例介绍了本发明,但是本领域技术人员显然知道,在不脱离由所附权利要求提出的本发明范围的情况下可以进行各种改变和修改。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于具有直列式气缸排的内燃机的进气装置,包括:
进气歧管组件,该进气歧管组件限定了在所述组件的节流阀端附近的稳压箱和多个进气管,各进气管包括一对分支部分,该对分支部分通向所述组件的气缸盖端;
蝶型阀,该蝶型阀由在各进气管的所述两个分支部分中的一个内的蝶型阀支承部分而可旋转地支承,用于选择关闭相应的分支部分;以及
隔膜促动器,该隔膜促动器布置在所述进气歧管组件附近,用于通过向它选择地供给进气负压而驱动所述蝶型阀;
其中,进气歧管组件包括至少三个块,每个块由塑料材料通过注射成型而模制形成,这三个块包括:第一块,该第一块限定了稳压箱的一半;第二块,该第二块限定了各进气管的一半;以及第三块,该第三块限定了稳压箱的其余一半以及各进气管的其余一半。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:所述稳压箱的上游端包括弯头部分,该弯头部分有开口进口端,该开口进口端由第一块限定,并在与由气缸轴线和直列式气缸排的纵向方向确定的平面基本平行延伸的平面内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:各进气管的下游端包括弯头部分,该弯头部分有开口出口端,该开口出口端由所述第三块限定,并在与由气缸轴线以及直列式气缸排的纵向方向确定的平面基本平行延伸的平面内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:所述隔膜促动器包括壳体,该壳体的一部分与所述进气歧管组件的一部分模制成一体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:所述隔膜促动器的所述壳体的一部分与所述进气歧管组件的所述第三块模制成一体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,还包括:电磁阀,该电磁阀布置在将负压供给所述隔膜促动器的通路中;以及支柱部件,用于支承所述电磁阀,所述支柱部件与所述隔膜促动器附近的所述进气歧管组件部分模制成一体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,还包括:电磁阀,该电磁阀布置在将负压供给所述隔膜促动器的通路中,所述进气歧管组件还限定了负压腔室以及使该负压腔室与所述稳压箱连通的连通通道,一止回阀装入所述连通通道中,用于储存所述负压腔室中的负压。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:所述负压腔室由所述第一块和第三块共同限定。
9.根据权利要求7所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:所述进气歧管组件具有一定曲率,该曲率的中心位于所述内燃机的侧部,且通过相应蝶型阀而选择地关闭的各所述分支部分位于所述进气歧管组件的靠近所述内燃机的一侧,所述负压腔室被限定于所述蝶型阀的下游部分的附近,并在所述进气歧管组件的靠近所述内燃机的一侧。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:所述负压腔室由所述第一块和第三块共同限定。
11.根据权利要求9所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:各同一进气管的所述两个分支部分的长度彼此不同。
12.根据权利要求9所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,其特征在于:用于所述蝶型阀的轴的支承部分形成于所述第一和第三块之间。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于内燃机的进气装置,还包括:支承部件,该支承部件限定了半圆形支承表面,该支承表面与形成于所述第三块中的相应半圆形支承表面配合,从而形成用于所述蝶型阀的所述轴的完整支承表面。
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- 2004-06-10 CA CA2470599A patent/CA2470599C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-14 US US10/866,165 patent/US6997157B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-14 CN CNB2004100429954A patent/CN1316158C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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US20050016487A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
CA2470599C (en) | 2010-08-03 |
US6997157B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 |
CN1573078A (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
CA2470599A1 (en) | 2004-12-13 |
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