CN1291971C - 食用香料化合物 - Google Patents

食用香料化合物 Download PDF

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CN1291971C
CN1291971C CNB038169517A CN03816951A CN1291971C CN 1291971 C CN1291971 C CN 1291971C CN B038169517 A CNB038169517 A CN B038169517A CN 03816951 A CN03816951 A CN 03816951A CN 1291971 C CN1291971 C CN 1291971C
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C·加洛潘
A·格克
S·富雷尔
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    • C07C233/17Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
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Abstract

式(I)的脂族或芳族不饱和酰胺用作风味成分的用途。

Description

食用香料化合物
本发明涉及在食品和饮料中使用的食用香料分子。
人们总是寻找着新的令人感兴趣的风味成分。就品尝者的任何实际使用来说,这些成分需要不仅具有令人感兴趣的感观特性,而且它们还应当便宜地生产,并且在长期储藏期间和对加工条件而言是稳定的,其中所述加工条件包括高温和高湿度以及极端的pH。
带浓郁风味和辛辣的化合物在南亚的烹调风格中是特别被重视使用的。它们中的典型是某些山椒醇衍生物。然而,已知山椒醇衍生物所带来的问题是它们不稳定;它们容易聚合并且因此难以长期储存并且难以掺加至经加工的消费品中,因为这些消费品中产生促进不稳定的条件。
由此,现有技术除对这些化合物的感观特性进行过某些经验性的研究外没有再进行进一步的研究。现有技术没有给出任何关于不稳定问题的暗示或者建议,因而自然也就不可能教导出解决不稳定性的办法。此外,现有技术中没有提供关于化合物结构对其感观特性影响的任何技术性教导。
现在已经发现,某些脂族和芳族不饱和酰胺是容易合成的,在制备过程及在储藏和制备消费品所通常经历的加工条件下是相对稳定的,并且具有令人感兴趣的辛辣气味并且会在口中留下愉快的麻刺感觉。因此,本发明第一方面提供至少一种下式(I)的化合物作为风味成分的用途。
Figure C0381695100041
其中,R′是H或OH,n是1或2,R″经选择使得:
(a)当n=2时,R″是下式的基团
Figure C0381695100042
其中m是1、2或3;
R″′和R″″独立地选自H、C1-C4烷基、苄基,或
R″′和R″″和与它们相连的碳原子一起形成5-或6-元碳环,
Rv是烷基或链烯基或取代的烷基或未取代的链烯基,其不含任何脂族共轭双键,并且优选是1-6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,或2-6个碳原子的直链或支链链烯基;或
(b)当n=1时,R″选自(a)中所描述的基团和苯基。
使用这些化合物作为风味化合物可以给予食品辛辣香气并且在口中赋予愉快的麻刺感觉。因此,本发明还提供一种给食物制品赋予辛辣风味的方法,包括向食物制品中添加本文上述类型的化合物。
本文上述的化合物不易于聚合。这种化合物具有羰基附近的反式构型中的一个或两个双键和呈顺式构型的基团R″中的其它双键所表征的共有官能特点。这种反式-顺式或反式-反式-顺式构型对保持辛辣风味香气是重要的。此外,基团Rv可以容许附加的不饱和,但它必须不含任何共轭不饱和,除非该共轭不饱和以诸如苯基的芳族形式存在。据信,在分子此部分中的脂族共轭饱和会导致不稳定性和使分子具有聚合的趋向。与上述提及的现有技术的分子相比不同的是,式(I)化合物中没有一种含有这种官能团。这种官能团对实现这些所需的性能是必要的,并且从现有技术来看是完全预料不到的。
上述提及的化合物中的一些是新的。因此,本发明还提供下式的化合物
其中的部分根据下表来选择:
  化合物  R′  R″  R″′  R″″  n
  1  H  B  甲基  甲基  2
  2  OH  C  甲基  甲基  2
其中B和C各自是下式的基团:
其中,B中的Rv是乙基;并且C中的Rv是甲基。
本发明中所用的化合物可以根据本领域已知的合成工艺由容易获得的起始原料来制备。
式(I)的脂族不饱和酰胺可以用单罐合成的方式,用丁基锂,在适宜的无水溶剂如THF中,按照典型的Wittig-Homer-Emmons化学过程,使二乙基N-取代的膦酰基乙酰胺和适当取代的醛偶合来制备。N-取代的膦酰基乙酰胺可以是N-异-丁基膦酰基乙酰胺并且醛可以是壬二烯醛,但本领域技术人员能够理解,其它可通常获得的或可以按照已知合成方法由可得起始原料制备的起始醛类化合物也可以用于提供本发明的化合物。
同样地,式(I)的芳族不饱和酰胺可以通过简单的合成方案,使用适当取代的胺和肉桂酸或适当取代的肉桂酸,或者在n=2的情形中使用5-苯基-戊-2,4-二烯酸或取代的5-苯基-戊-2,4-二烯酸来形成。关于式(1)化合物合成的其它细节在以下详细列举的实施例中有公开。
本发明中所用的化合物可以给消费品带来辛辣、香辛的味道。它还可以在口中留下愉快的麻刺感觉,而没有任何附带的灼烧或痛苦感觉。本发明的化合物或其混合物可以用作风味组合物中的风味成分。在所述组合物中,可以将化合物或化合物的混合物与其它风味成分共混。化合物或化合物的混合物可以给所有类型的美味食物制品并且还可以给饮料赋予特别令人感兴趣的味道,并且在增强清凉性化合物或组合物的性能方面令人感兴趣。
除将它们与其它风味成分组合外,风味组合物中还可以含有附加的本领域用于改进或增强食品或饮料制品性能而常用的赋形剂,例如防腐剂、着色剂、乳化剂和包胶材料。
可以将如上所述的风味组合物在加工过程中添加至加工过的消费品中,或者它们实际上本身便是消费品,例如辛辣调味品,如调味汁等。
式(1)化合物的风味品质在宽的浓度范围内都是明显的。例如,在食物制品的情形,如在汤类、辛辣调味品等中,化合物或化合物的混合物的存在量可以是0.01-1.0wt%,而在饮料的情形,如在含醇饮料或软饮料中,化合物或其混合物的存在浓度可以是0.0001-500mg/kg。
尽管式(I)的化合物是以风味成分的形式描述的,但它们能够提供麻刺感觉的不寻常特性,及它们的感观特性在个人护理用产品或化妆品中也是具有用途的,即局部涂敷时它们可以带来新鲜的麻刺感觉。在这种组合物中,它们的涂敷量可以是在0.01-10wt%、更优选0.1-1wt%。
下面是一系列非限定性实施例,这些实施例起举例说明本发明的作用。
实施例1
N-异丁基E2,E4,Z8-十一碳三烯酰胺(上表中的化合物1)
以公开方法(Tetrahedron Let t.1985,26(20),2477-2480)为基础的过程,在0℃下,于圆底烧瓶中,在氮气的惰性气氛下,将2.77g(11mmol)二乙基N-异丁基膦酰基乙酰胺于20mL无水四氢呋喃中的溶液添加至15.5mL丁基锂(23mmol)于己烷中的1.5M溶液中。将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟。然后将1.4g E2,Z6-壬二烯醛于5mL无水四氢呋喃中的溶液滴加至搅拌的反应混合物中。将混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时。然后将反应混合物稀释在100mL己烷中并且用饱和氯化铵水溶液洗涤。收集有机相并且经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并且浓缩。将残余物通过色谱法在硅胶上纯化,得到0.5g白色绒毛状粉末产物。
1H NMR(δ,以ppm计):7.2(双重峰的双重峰),6.1(多重峰),5.75(双重峰),5.34(多重峰),3.2(三重峰),2.2(多重峰),2.0(五重峰),1.8(七重峰),0.96(三重峰),0.93(双重峰).
实施例2
制备3-苯基-丙烯酰氯
在圆底烧瓶中,于氮气的惰性气氛下,将37.04g(0.25mol)肉桂酸、44.6g(0.375mol)亚硫酰氯和2滴吡啶的混合物加热回流4h。将红色混合物浓缩(40℃/125mbar),回收到42.7g淡褐色油。
制备3-苯基-N-丁基-丙烯酰胺
在圆底烧瓶中,于氮气的惰性气氛下,添加4.1g(25mmol)3-苯基-丙烯酰氯、25ml无水四氢呋喃、5ml吡啶的混合物。室温下用30min的时间添加1.77g(30mmol)异-丁胺。室温下将混合物搅拌5h。将反应混合物用甲基叔-丁基醚稀释并且用水萃取。将有机相用含水盐酸(1N)和盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并且浓缩。将残余物用MTBE/己烷结晶,得到4.1g淡黄色绒毛状粉末产物。
1H NMR(δ,以ppm计):7.6(双重峰,1H),7.5(多重峰,2H),7.4(多重峰,3H),6.4(双重峰,1H),5.8(单峰,宽峰,1H),3.4(四重峰,2H),1.6(六重峰,2H),1.0(三重峰,3H).
实施例3
十碳-2,4,8-三烯酸甲基酯
在0℃下,向4-(二乙氧基-磷酰基)-丁-2-烯酸甲基酯(11.6g,49.2mmol)于THF(70ml)中的溶液中添加K0tBu(5.98g,49.2mmol)。将混合物冷却至-78℃并且逐滴加入(Z)-己-4-烯醛(4.00g,40.8mmol)于THF(10ml)中的溶液。撤掉冷却浴并且让混合物温热至室温后,加入饱和NH4Cl并且将混合物用戊烷萃取。将有机相用水和盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并且真空浓缩。将残余物球对球蒸馏(distilled bulb to bulb)(90℃/0.01托),得到(8Z,2E)-十碳-2,4,8-三烯酸甲基酯(2.4g,33%),其为(4E/Z)-异构体的7/3混合物的形式。
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3):7.69-7.20(m,lH),6.29-5.31(m,5H),3.76,3.74(2s,3H,OMe),2.45-2.13(m,4H),1.61(d,J=6.5Hz,3H,10-H)ppm;MS(EI):180(M+,2),149(6),121(10),111(27),93(28),67(51),59(32),55(100),39(35),29(28).IR(neat):3015m,2949m,1720s,1644m,1435m,1264s,1137m cm-1.
十碳-2,4,8-三烯酸(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙基)-酰胺(上表2中的化合物)
将十碳-2,4,8-三烯酸甲基酯(1.90g,10.56mmol)用NaOH(2.11g,52.8mmol)在H2O/MeOH(5/1,60ml)中用2d的时间皂化。将粗反应混合物用HCl(2N)酸化至pH=1并且用MTBE萃取5次。将有机相用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并且真空浓缩。将残余物溶解于含一滴DMF的CH2Cl2(30ml)中并且用草酰氯(2.0g,15.7mmol)处理过夜。真空除去溶剂(同时保持温度在-20℃),将残余物再溶解于CH2Cl2(10ml)并且添加至1-氨基-2-甲基-丙-2-醇(1.1g,12.4mmol)和三乙胺(1.5g,15mmol)于CH2Cl2(20ml)中的溶液中。将混合物搅拌5h,然后用水猝灭并且用CH2Cl2萃取。将有机相用1N HCl、水和盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)并且真空浓缩。从乙酸乙酯/己烷中结晶(2E,8Z)-十碳-2,4,8-三烯酸(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙基)-酰胺(2.0g,80%),其为(4E/Z)-异构体的7/3混合物,呈微黄色晶体形式。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.19(dd,J=15.0Hz,10.3Hz,1H,3-H),6.56(bt,J=6.0Hz,1H,NH),6.19-6.03(m,2H,4,5-H),5.86(d,J=15.0Hz,1H,2-H),5.52-5.44(m,1H),5.39-5.32(m,1H),3.49(s,1H,OH),3.33(d,J=6.0Hz,2H,NH-CH2),2.25-2.13(m,4H,6,7-H),1.60(d,J=6.5Hz,3H,10-H)ppm.MS(EI):237(M+,4),179(62),164(13),149(23)124(48),110(100),94(22),84(25),66(30),59(47),55(88),41(24),30(34).IR(neat):3287br(OH),2974m,2931m,1658s,1627s,1609s,1537s,1179m,1161m,996m,913m cm-1.
实施例4
由以下成分形成风味组合物:
80g 植物油
6.153g 黑胡椒油
4.338g α-水芹烯
2.8575g 石竹烯
0.72g 姜油
0.696g 化合物2
0.1135g 4-萜品醇
0.0540g 芳樟醇
0.03g 雪松叶油
0.018g 芹菜籽油
将这些成分彻底混合物,然后添加″Tween″(商标名称)表面活性剂80适量至100。进行进一步混合直至获得透明、淡色至中度黄色的液体。
当将此液体添加以0.2%的量添加至汤中时,上述制剂给汤增加了愉快的辛辣和麻刺感觉。

Claims (8)

1、至少一种下式(I)的化合物作为风味成分的用途:
其中,R′是H或OH,n是2,R″是下式的基团:
Figure C038169510002C2
其中m是1、2或3;
R″′和R″″独立地选自H、C1-C4烷基、苄基,或
R″′和R″″和与它们相连的碳原子一起形成5-或6-元碳环,
Rv是烷基或链烯基,其不含任何脂族共轭双键。
2、权利要求1的用途,其中R′是OH。
3、权利要求1的用途,其中RV是具有1-6碳原子的直链或支链烷基,或具有2-6碳原子的直链或支链链烯基。
4、权利要求1的化合物,选自:
其中R′、R″、R″′、R″″和n根据下表定义:   化合物  R′  R″  R″′  R″″  n   1  H  B  甲基  甲基  2   2  OH  C  甲基  甲基  2
其中B和C各自是下式的基团:
Figure C038169510003C1
其中,B中的Rv是乙基;和C中的Rv是甲基。
5、一种风味组合物,含有至少一种权利要求1定义的式(I)化合物。
6、一种食品,含有0.01-1.0wt%的权利要求1定义的式(I)化合物或其混合物。
7、一种饮料制品,含有0.0001-500mg/Kg的权利要求1定义的式(I)化合物或其混合物。
8、一种个人护理用产品或化妆品,含有0.01-10wt%的至少一种权利要求1定义的式(I)化合物。
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