CN1347404A - (-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物 - Google Patents

(-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物 Download PDF

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CN1347404A
CN1347404A CN00806319A CN00806319A CN1347404A CN 1347404 A CN1347404 A CN 1347404A CN 00806319 A CN00806319 A CN 00806319A CN 00806319 A CN00806319 A CN 00806319A CN 1347404 A CN1347404 A CN 1347404A
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verbenone
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cooet
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P·科维莫拉
A·拉尼斯
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Abstract

本发明提供了式I的新的固体和稳定的(-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物,其中当X=O时,Z=H,=CHAr,=C(OH)COOEt,=NOR;Y=H,NH2,NH3 +X1 ,NHCOAr,NHCOR,NHCONHR,NHCONHAr;X1 =药学上可接受的阴离子;Ar=芳基或杂芳基,优选苯基、4-氯苯基、-2-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、2-羟基苯基、2-乙酰氧基苯基;R=H、C1-C4烷基、C4-C6环烷基、CH2COOH、CH2COOEt、CH2COCH3,CH2CN,CH2COCH2COOEt,CH2C6H5;以及当X=二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、吡咯烷子基、哌啶子基或吗啉代基时;Y=H;Z=H,CONHAr,CONHR;Ar=芳基,优选苯基;R=H、C1-C4烷基、C4-C6环烷基。本发明还提供了制备这些衍生物的方法,和在此方法中使用的新中间体。新衍生物以其在水中的溶解性为特征,其中有一些还具有高抗炎活性。

Description

(-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物
本发明涉及新的(1S,5S)-4,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮衍生物,其更通用的名称是(-)-马鞭烯酮(verbenone)。
α-和β-蒎烯氧化后得到复杂的单萜类化合物的混合物,主要由醇和羰基官能团来表征;有时可以使用它们的混合物,例如因为已经认识到它们具有镇静、支气管分泌抑制(bronchosecretolytic)和防腐的性质,在意大利(OZOPULMIN)、法国(OZOTHINE)和德国(OZOTHIN)将其用于治疗呼吸道疾病。
在上述羰基型(-)-马鞭烯酮的单萜衍生物中,具有下式结构的α-蒎烷的酮衍生物是特别有意义的:
(-)-马鞭烯酮特别是对肺有向性,并且有很好的粘膜调节作用,因此它对呼吸道有抗炎作用。
通过一系列经典的药理实验对呼吸器的抗炎活性进行了研究,这些试验是:角叉菜胶和葡聚糖诱导的水肿、佐剂关节炎(大鼠)、被动皮肤过敏反应(兔)、松节油和角叉菜胶诱导的胸膜炎(大鼠)和丙烯醛诱导的气溶胶试验(豚鼠)。
(-)-马鞭烯酮是有特别气味的油状物,沸点227-228℃,d=0.975,nD 20=1.497,比旋光度随各自的供应商而变化(ACROS目录,纯度94%:-193°,c=10,乙醇;FLUKA目录,纯度≥99%:180±2°,c=10,乙醇)。
但是,由于(-)-马鞭烯酮的油性,随时间的不稳定性和水不溶性使其难于以水溶性剂型的形式给药。因此,本发明的目的是合成(-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物,该衍生物是固体的、水溶性的,或在任何情况下很容易转化成水溶性化合物,而且能够保持并且有可能提高其在呼吸道中的抗炎特性的(-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物,它们是一些典型的(-)-马鞭烯酮。
我们发现了新的,药物活性的(-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物,并构成了本发明的技术主题,该衍生物具有下述通式I结构:其中当X=O时Z=H,=CHAr,=C(OH)COOEt,=NOR;Y=H,NH2,NH3 +X1 -,NHCOAr,NHCOR,NHCONHR,NHCONHAr;
 X1 -=药学上可接受的阴离子;Ar=芳基或杂芳基,优选苯基、4-氯苯基、-2-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、2-羟基苯基、2-乙酰氧基苯基;R=H、C1-C4烷基、C4-C6环烷基、CH2COOH、CH2COOEt、CH2COCH3,CH2CN,CH2COCH2COOEt,CH2C6H5;当X=二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、吡咯烷子基、哌啶子基或吗啉代基时;Y=H;Z=H,CONHAr,CONHR;Ar=芳基,优选苯基;R=H、C1-C4烷基、C4-C6环烷基;在通式I中,虚线是为了说明两种不同的结构,形成了(-)-马鞭烯酮的两个共轭双键的不同位置,用下面的通式II和III说明会更清楚:
Figure A0080631900081
其中当Y=H时,优选Z=CHAr,=C(OH)COOEt,=NOR(也就是说,Z基团和C-10结合形成双键);或者,当Z=H时,优选Y=NH2,NH3 +X1 -,NHCOAr,NHCOR,NHCONHR;以及其中:
X1 -=5-磺基水杨酸根、酒石酸根、10-莰佛磺酸根;Ar=苯基、4-氯苯基、-2-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、2-羟基苯基、2-乙酰氧基苯基;R=H、C1-C4烷基、C4-C6环烷基、CH2COOH、CH2COOEt、CH2COCH3,CH2CN,CH2COCH2COOEt,CH2C6H5
Figure A0080631900082
其中X=二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、吡咯烷子基、哌啶子基或吗啉代基;Z=H,CONHAr,CONHR;Ar=苯基;R=H、甲基、环己基。当III与非可分离二烯醇形式的马鞭烯酮A相关时,式II结构是α-β-不饱和羰基系统类型的马鞭烯酮,
但在本文所述的某些反应中,它们可能成为活性的中间体。
由后附的实施例可以理解到的是,本发明新的(-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物几乎都是固体,并且在室温下是稳定的,因此适于用来制备易于使用的药物组合物,并易于贮存和给药;其中有一些具有与(-)-马鞭烯酮相比美的活性,即使不高,但也相当的抗炎活性。
因此,本发明还涉及药物组合物,该组合物至少含有一种本发明的新衍生物作为活性成分,同时含有本领域已知的赋形剂和/或辅剂;这些制剂优选口服、肠胃外和局部给药。
在本发明的式I(-)-马鞭烯酮衍生物中,最有意义的化合物用下式IV表示:
Figure A0080631900092
其中X1 -表示如上文所述的药学上可接受的阴离子,以及优选5-磺基水杨酸根、酒石酸根、10-莰佛磺酸根。在这些衍生物中,除了它们可以完全溶于水以外,而且还具有比(-)-马鞭烯酮高得多的活性;因此,这些又构成了本发明的最有意义的一方面。
本发明的新衍生物可以很容易地由(-)-马鞭烯酮合成,依次地,(-)-马鞭烯酮可由(-)-α-蒎烯合成;具体地说,所观察到的最好药效是由下述原料获得的:原料(-)-马鞭烯酮具有高光学纯度,优选至少是-180°,更优选至少-193°;最优选的(-)-马鞭烯酮的光学纯度是-217°(c=10,乙醇)。
关于合成方法,除了如各个实施例所述的以外,还归纳为反应流程1。由下文所述可知,多数本发明的新衍生物可由下文给出的式V、VI和VII的新中间体制备,本发明也涉及这些新中间体。
Figure A0080631900101
(其中X=二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、吡咯烷子基、哌啶子基或吗啉代基)。
在合成式I的新衍生物时,由于(-)-马鞭烯酮是合成新的式I衍生物的关键中间体,因此本发明还涉及其在合成本发明化合物中的应用。本发明还涉及制备所述化合物的方法。
本发明的上述或其他方面可由下述实施例进行更详细地说明,但均是非限制性的说明。
实施例
1)以由(-)-蒎烯的烯丙基氧化所得到的(-)-马鞭烯酮为原料,在无水乙醚中,于-5℃和在氮气氛中,用亚硝酸异戊基酯和金属钠进行硝化,得到10-羟亚氨基马鞭烯酮2。使化合物2进行下述反应:
a)在双相水-醚体系中,用氢氧化钠和锌粉氧化成3-氨基-2-蒎烯-4-酮3,由3可得到4a-c(5-磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、10-莰佛磺酸盐),酰胺5(在无水乙醚中,和在吡啶存在下,与酰基、脂族、芳族和杂芳族氯化物反应获得)和脲6(在无水苯中,与烷基异硫氰酸酯和芳基异硫氰酸酯反应获得)。
b)在DMF中,于75℃和在碳酸氢钠存在下,使上述化合物与反应活性的卤(溴代乙酸乙酯、氯代丙酮、溴代乙腈、4-氯-乙酰基乙酸乙酯)反应,得到醚7a-d。
通过化合物7a的碱性水解得到酸8。
2)也是以(-)-马鞭烯酮为原料,按下述方法制备:
a)在分子筛存在下,在没有溶剂和低温条件下,使二烯胺9a-e与过量二甲胺、二乙胺、吡咯烷、哌啶或吗啉反应。在无水苯中和高温下,使化合物9a-e与烷基异硫氰酸酯和芳基异硫氰酸酯反应可得到相应的甲酰胺10a-e。
b)在无水乙醚中,和在金属钠存在下,使α-酮酯11(70∶30顺-反立体异构体的混合物,酮基在α-位,并乙烯醇形式存在)与草酸二乙酯反应。
c)在无水乙醇中和在氢氧化钠存在下,使亚苄基型的衍生物12与芳族和杂芳族醛反应。设备
熔点由Fiesher-Johns仪测定。IR光谱由Perkin-Elmer 398分光光度计测试。1H-NMR由Perkin-Elmer R-600(60MHz)测试,以四甲基甲硅烷为内标,J值用Hz表示。(-)-马鞭烯酮1的制备
(1S,5S)-4,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮
在硬脂酸钴(0.5g)存在下,滴加(-)-α-蒎烯(136.2g,1mol),用氧气鼓泡使其氧化,氧化中使温度保持在50-55℃左右,氧化至少进行50-60小时。反应完成后,过氧化指数大约是27-29%。冷却至室温,加入等量的热(∽50℃)5%硫酸亚铁溶液和1%硫酸,以使过量的过氧化物分解;在大约两小时内使过氧化中指数达到近于0。然后分离有机相,用水洗涤2-3次,直到pH为5-6。用柱蒸馏法将未反应的(-)-α-蒎烯在大约100℃的温度和20-25mmHg的压力下除去。蒸馏的残余物由萜烯的混合物构成,所述的萜烯以氧化官能团(醇、酮和醛官能团)为特征。然后在反应混合物中加入亚硫酸钠溶液(120g,0.945mol)以进行Bertagnini反应,同时保持反应温度为55-60℃。由于混合物的pH逐渐转化为碱性,加入50%的乙酸直到pH达到中性。当pH稳定在7时,认为反应已经完成。分离有机相(含有醇类化合物PINOCARVEOL、MIRTENOL、马鞭烯醇),水相用己烷逆流萃取2-3次。将水溶液碱化至pH14左右,然后用己烷萃取,得到含有羰基产物的馏分(MIRTENOL、马鞭烯酮)。将己烷萃取物用水洗涤2-3次,浓缩后得到高沸点的油残余物,其构成中有80%以上是马鞭烯酮。将参余物用甲醇溶解,把甲醇溶液冷却至-5℃至-1℃,并保持此温度,向其中加入硼氢化钠直到MIRTENOL不能再检出(用TLC控制)。加入少量的乙酸使还原停止,直到溶液为中性。将甲醇溶液浓缩至2/3体积,用水稀释和己烷萃取。真空蒸发己烷溶液,残余物在80℃/1.5mmHg蒸馏,得到马鞭烯酮(25g,产率16.6%),[α]20 D=-217°(c=10,乙醇)。合成10-羟亚氨基-2-蒎烯-4-酮2(10-羟亚氨基马鞭烯酮),(1S,5S)-4-(羟亚氨基)-6,6-二甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮
将网状形式的钠(6.9g,0.3mol)加入冰冷却的(5℃)的(-)-马鞭烯酮(4.51g,0.3mol)的无水乙醚溶液(180ml),在惰性的氮气氛中立刻向反应混合物滴加异戊基亚硝酸酯(41g,0.35mol)的无水乙醚溶液(100ml),反应完成后,再搅拌冷却4小时。在反应混合物中加水(150ml),由醚相中分离出的水相用1M盐酸酸化至pH=0,用醚萃取。合并的醚萃取液用硫酸镁干燥,真空蒸发,残余的黏稠油用乙醚/石油醚结晶。为了得到分析样品进行再结晶,得到白色固体,m.p.164-165℃。C10H13NO[179.21]计算值:C:67.02;H:7.31;N:7.82
               测定值:C:67.30;H:7.44;N:7.99IR(CHCl3):cm-13450,3180,1720,1615NMR(CDCl3):δ0.93(s,3H,CH3)
             1.44(s,3H,CH3)
             1.5-1.9(m,1H,CH)
             2.6-3.0(m,3H,CH+CH2)
             5.6(d,J=1Hz,1H,CH=)
             6.75(d,J=1Hz,1H,CH=N)
             11.3(broad s,1H,OH与D2O交换)。合成3-氨基-2-蒎烯-4-酮(3-氨基马鞭烯酮)3(1S,5S)-3-氨基-4,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮
在10-羟亚氨基马鞭烯酮2(71.68g,0.4mol)于4M氢氧化钠溶液(800ml)中,加入冷却的乙醚(300ml)和活化的锌粉(100g),并剧烈搅拌,同时用冰和盐浴冷却。几分钟后,热量基本散发,继续搅拌和冷却20-25分钟。接着,通过滗析将水相和醚相首先与锌粉分离,再将它们各自分离,用乙醚萃取水相。合并所有的醚相,用水洗涤3次,然后用两种不同的方法处理以得到纯的产物(a)和高纯的产物(b)。
a)醚相用硫酸钠干燥,真空蒸发,得到带有红色的液体,在低温下缓慢结晶(66.1g,产率84%)。
b)醚相用3M盐酸(140和70ml)萃取二次,弃去;酸性水相用冰浴冷却,用4M氢氧化钠(210ml)使其成为碱性,乙醚萃取。合并的醚相用硫酸镁干燥,在Florisil上色谱分离,最后用乙醚洗脱。
在真空蒸发溶液之后,加入7∶1的石油醚∶乙醚混合物,然后在低温下结晶。
M.p.45-46℃(I结晶1);m.p..47-48℃(II和III结晶)
C10H15NO计算值.C:72.69;H:9.15;N:8.48
         测定值C:72.48;H:9.23;N:8.41
IR(CHCl3)cm-1:3430,3350,1665,1585,
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.97(s.,3H,CH3),1.47(s.,3H,CH3),1.88(s.,3H,CH3),1.98-
2.88(m.,4H,CH2+2CH),3.08-3.53(broad s.2H,NH2,加入D2O后消失)制备3-氨基马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐4a
在冰冷却的3-氨基马鞭烯酮3(24.73g,0.15mol)的甲醇溶液(20ml)中加入经过精细微粉化的5-磺基水杨酸(38.13g,0.15mol)的甲醇溶液(35ml)。冷却至+4℃,反应混合物间歇搅拌3小时;加入乙醚直至沉淀完全。过滤得到的固体,在空气中干燥,用二氯甲烷∶甲醇(3∶1)重结晶,m.p.209-210℃。C17H21NO7S Calc.C:53.25;H:5.52;N:3.65
       Found C:53.13;H:5.52;N:3.58IR(KBr)cm-1:3640-3300,3000-2500,2590,1675,1660-16401H-NMR[(CD3)2SO)          0.95(s.,3H,CH3),1.45(s.,3H,CH3),1.9-2.2(m.,1H,CH),2.08(s.,3H,CH3),6.8-7.10(m.,1H,H-5 phenyl),7.7-7.95(m.,1H,H-6phenyl),8.07-8.25(m.,1H,H-2 phenyl)10(broad s,5H,NH3 ++COOH+OH,加入D2O后消失)信号可能随浓度变化而变化。制备3-氨基马鞭烯酮L-(+)-酒石酸盐4b
在搅拌下,将3-氨基马鞭烯酮(8.26g,50mmol)于乙醚(75ml)/石油醚(75ml)中的溶液滴加到冰冷却的L-(+)-酒石酸(7.50g,50mmol)的甲醇溶液(35ml)中。搅拌和冷却1小时后,使反应混合物保持在-18℃过夜。过滤分离出的纯固体,用乙醚(12.2g,73%)洗涤,用甲醇∶乙醚∶石油醚(1∶1∶1)重结晶,m.p.129-131℃。
 C14H23NOK计算值.C:50.45;H:6.95;N:4.20
           实测值C:50.31;H:6.89;N:4.30
UV(H2O),λmax:258nm(ε=3500)
IR(KBr)cm-1:3500-3160,3000-2500,2540,1725,1675-1655
1H-NMR[(CD3)2SO)]δ:0.89(s.,3H,CH3),1.43(s.,3H,CH3),1.82(s.;3H,CH3),
1.90-3.05(m.,4H.CH2+2CH),4.32(s.,2H,CH-CH tartar.),6.62(broad s,8H,
NH3+2OH+COOH+H2O,加入D2O后消失)。合成3-氨基马鞭烯酮-(1S)-(+)-10-莰佛磺酸盐4c
将(1S)-(+)-10-莰佛磺酸一水合物(2.5g,10mmol)的甲醇溶液(15ml)加入冰冷却的化合物3(1.65g,10mmol)的甲醇溶液(15ml)。得到的溶液于室温搅拌1小时。蒸发溶剂后,得到的固体残余物用二氯甲烷∶乙醚(1∶3)重结晶,m.p.150-152℃(70%)。
C20H31NO5S Calc.C:60.43;H:7.86;N:3.52
           Found C:60.29;H:7.79;N:3.54
IR(CHCl3),cm-1:2700-2400,1735,1685,1655,1285,1170,1035
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ0.80(s.,3H,CH3),1.05(s.,6H,2CH3),1.51(s.3H,CH3),2.25(s.,
3H,CH3),1.25-3.02和3.10-3.60(多种多重峰,13H,3CH+5CH2)7.43-8.3
(broad s,3H,NH3 +加入D2O后消失)。合成3-氨基马鞭烯酮的酰胺5的一般方法N-[(1S,5S)-4,6,6-三甲基-2-氧代双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-3-基]芳基甲酰胺
将适当的酰基氯化物于室温加入搅拌着的化合物3(1.65g,10mmol)的无水乙醚(20ml)和无水吡啶(3ml)的溶液。混合物搅拌3小时后,真空蒸发除去反应溶剂。得到的残余物用水(50ml)处理和用乙醚萃取。合并的醚相用2M盐酸(15ml)和1M碳酸氢钠(15ml)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥和真空蒸发,残余物用适当的溶剂重结晶。实施例No.1-合成N-[(1S,5S)-4,6,6-三甲基-2-氧代双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-3-基]-2-乙酰氧基苯甲酰胺5[Ar=2-(OCOCH3)C6H5]
在室温和搅拌下,将乙酰基水杨酸酰氯(1.99g,10mmol)加入化合物3(1.65g,10mmol)在无水乙醚(20ml)和无水吡啶(3ml)中的溶液。混合物于室温搅拌3小时后,真空蒸发除去反应溶剂。得到的残余物溶于水(50ml),和用乙醚萃取。合并的醚相用2M盐酸(15ml)和1M碳酸氢钠(15ml)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥和真空蒸发,残余物用乙醚-石油醚(1∶2)重结晶,m.p.87-89℃(72%)。C19H21NO4计算值C:69.70;H:6.47;N:4.28
      实测值C:69.57;H:6.51;N:4.21IR(KBr)cm-1:3325,1760,16601H-NMR(CDCl3)δ1.08(s.,3H,CH3),1.53(s.,3H,CH3),2.03(s.,3H,CH3CO),2.45(s.,3H,CH3),1.66-3.20(多种多重峰ts,4H,2CH+CH2)7.06-7.75和7.80-8.25(m.,5H,C6H4+NH).
酰胺NH的信号是宽峰,在δ8.10左右,芳族质子的多重峰部分重叠,用CF3COOD氘化后消失。合成3-氨基马鞭烯酮的脲5的一般方法N-(烷基或芳基)-N’-[(1S,5S)-4,6,6-三甲基-2-氧代双环[3.1.1]庚-3-基]脲
在室温下将烷基或芳基异氰酸酯(10mmol)加入3(1.65g,10mmol)的无水苯(15ml)溶液。反应混合物在室温搅拌15分钟,然后在65℃加热3小时。在蒸发溶剂之后,由脲构成的残余物用适当的溶剂重结晶。实施例No.2-合成N-(苯基)-N’-[(1S,5S)-4,6,6-三甲基-2-氧代双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-3-基]脲6(R1=C6H5)
在室温下,将苯基异氰酸酯(1.19g,10mmol)加入化合物3(1.65g,10mmol)的无水苯(15ml)溶液。反应混合物于室温搅拌15分钟,然后在65℃加热2小时。真空蒸发苯,得到黏稠的残余物,将其用乙醚-石油醚(3∶1)重结晶,m.p.134-135℃(65%)。
C17H20N2O2计算值C:71.81;H;7.09;N:9.85
          实测值C:71.87;H:7.10;N:9.87IR(CHCl3)cm-1:3360,1660,16351H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.07(s.,3H,CH3),1.51(s.,3H,CH3),2.08(s.,3H,CH3),2.05-3.04(m.,4H,2CH+CH2)6.80-7.60(m.,6H,C6H5+=C-NH-CO)7.80-8.15(s.broadened,1H,C6H4-NH)。
用D2O氘化的结果是两个脲NH信号消失。合成醚7a-d的一般方法
将碳酸氢钠(0.81g,10mmol)和烷基化试剂(Br-CH2-COOCH3,Cl-CH2-CO-CH3,Br-CH2-CN,Cl-CH2-CO-CH2-COOCH3,10mmol)加入化合物2(1.79g,10mmol)的非无水DMF(15ml)的溶液。在75-80℃加热得到的悬浮液3小时,用水(200ml)稀释,和用乙醚萃取。合并的醚洗用水洗涤5次,用硫酸镁干燥和减压蒸发。得到的残余物在Florisil上色谱分离(洗脱液为乙醚),如果是液体进行鼓泡蒸馏,或者,如果是固体用适当的溶剂重结晶。实施例No.3-合成10-[[(乙氧羰基甲基)]氧代亚胺基]马鞭烯酮7a2-[[[(1S,5S)-6,6-二甲基-4-氧代双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-基]甲基]亚氨基]氧代乙酸乙酯
将碳酸氢钠(0.85g,10mmol)和溴代乙酸乙酯(1.67g,10mmol)加入10-羟亚氨基马鞭烯酮2(1.79g,10mmol)的非无水DMF(15ml)溶液;在75-80℃加热得到的悬浮液3小时,用水(200ml)稀释,和用乙醚萃取。合并的醚洗用水洗涤5次,用硫酸镁干燥和减压蒸发。得到的残余物液体在Florisil上色谱分离(洗脱液为乙醚),并经过鼓泡蒸馏(170-175℃/0.1mmHg),(85%)。
C14H19NO4计算值C:63.38;H:7.22;N:5.28
         实测值C:63.22;H:7.30;N:5.40
IR(CHCl3)cm-1:1735,1715,1555,1270,10501H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.94(s,3H,CH3),1.28(t.部分重叠,J=7Hz,3H,CH3),1.43(s,3H,CH3),1.62-1.98(m,1H,CH),2.58-3.02(m,3H,CH2+CH),4.25(q.J=7Hz,2H,CHO),4.99(s,2H,CH2),5.66(d,J=2Hz,1H,CH=),6.62(d,J=2Hz,1H,CH=N)。合成20-[[[(1S,5S)-6,6-二甲基-4-氧代双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-基]甲基]亚氨基]氧代乙酸8
在搅拌下,将溶于乙醚(15ml)的7a(2.65g,10mmol)加入并冷却的KOH(0.56g,10mmol)甲醇(15ml)溶液。反应混合物于室温搅拌8小时,在减压蒸发溶剂后,残余物用盐水处理(50ml)。接着水相用乙醚洗涤二次,用2M HCl酸化至pH=2,用乙醚萃取。合并的醚相用硫酸镁干燥,真空蒸发后得到的液体在Florisil上色谱分离(洗脱液为二氯甲烷∶乙醚=1∶4),用二氯甲烷/石油醚1∶4结晶,m.p.134-135℃(65%)。C12H15NO4计算值C:60.75;H:6.37;N:5.90
       实测值C:60.95;H:6.45;N:5.96IR(CHCl3)cm-1:3500-3100,1715,1615,1560,1240,10501H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.94(s,3H,CH3),1.44(s,3H,CH3),1.58-2.02(m,1H,CH),2.55-3.05(m,3H,CH2+CH),5.01(s,2H,CH2O),5.67(s,1H,CH=),6.60(s,1H,CH=N),10.84(s,1H,COOH,与D2O交换)。合成二烯胺9a-e的一般方法(1S,5S)-2-环烷基(或二烷基)氨基-6,6-二甲基-4-亚甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯
将分子筛(2g)和(-)-马鞭烯酮(3.0g,20mmol)加入新蒸镏的纯净的叔胺(9ml)中,用冰浴冷却。在冰箱中保持低温10小时以后,用手间歇振荡,反应混合物用无水乙醚(50ml)稀释,快速过滤以除去分子筛。真空蒸发乙醚和过量的胺,液体残余物进行鼓泡蒸馏。得到的产物对热敏感(在蒸馏过程中可观察到有部分分解),因此保存时要避免与光、湿气和氧接触。实施例No.4制备(-)-马鞭烯酮的吡咯烷基二烯胺9c(1S,5S)-6,6-二甲基-4-亚甲基-2-吡咯烷子基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯
在低温和搅拌下,将纯净的(-)-马鞭烯酮(3g,20mmo1)加入纯净的吡咯烷(9ml),其中已经加入了分子筛(2g)。反应混合物保持+4℃(在冰箱中)10小时以后,用手间歇振荡。加入无水乙醚(50ml),过滤和真空浓缩,用无水乙醚洗去分子筛。真空蒸发乙醚和过量的胺,将残余的红色黏稠液体进行鼓泡蒸馏(105-110℃/0.4mmHg)。得到黄色油(2.5g,产率61.5%),在蒸馏期间该化合物有聚合的趋势,并且对氧、湿气和光敏感。C14H21N计算值  C:82.70;H:10.41;N:6.89
    测定值:C:82.50;H:10.56;N:6.57IR(CHCl3):1585cm-1NMR(CDCl3):δ0.94(s,3H,CH3),1.38(s,3H,CH3)1.5-2.07(m,5H,2CH2pyrr+CH),2.4-2.7(m,3H,CH2+CH),2.97-3.30(m,4H,2CH2N),4.2和4.3(qAB,J=2Hz,2H.=2CH2),4.72(near s.1H,=CH)。合成二烯胺甲酰胺10a-e的一般方法取代的N-(烷基或芳基)[[(1S,5S)-4-二烷基(或环烷基)氨基]-6,6-二甲基-4-亚甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-亚基]甲酰胺
将等摩尔的烯胺和烷基或芳基异氰酸酯(10mmol)于苯(20ml)中的溶液在室温搅拌1小时,然后加热至60℃1小时。蒸发溶剂后,将残余物溶解于二氯甲烷,得到的溶液用3M盐酸萃取(10ml×2)将酸性的水相与有机相分离,并用4M氢氧化钠碱化,用二氯甲烷萃取。在常规的处理之后,得到的有机相是固体残余物或黏稠的液体,液体可在适当的溶剂中重结晶。实施例No.3-合成2-[(1S,5S)-6,6-二甲基-4-吡咯烷子基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-亚基]乙酰苯胺10c(R=C6H5)
将二烯胺9c(2.03g,10mmol)和苯基异氰酸酯(1.2g,10mmol)于苯(20ml)中的溶液在室温搅拌1小时,然后加热至60℃1小时。真空蒸发溶剂,将残余物溶解于二氯甲烷,有机相用3M盐酸萃取(10ml)后扔掉。将酸性相用4M氢氧化钠水溶液碱化,用二氯甲烷萃取,干燥和真空蒸发,得到的黏稠的液体在二氯甲烷∶石油醚(1∶1)中结晶,得到黄色的固体(1.6g,产率50%);m.p.202-204℃。C21H26N2O计算值  C:78.22;H:8.13;N:8.69
       测定值:C:78.10;H:8.05;N:8.50IR(CHCl3):cm-13440,1640NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.92(s,3H,CH3),1.42(s,3H,CH3)1.56-2.06(m,5H,2CH2pyrr+CH)3.06-3.46(m,4H,2 CH2N),5.04(s,1H,CH)6.26(quasi s,1H,CH-CO)6.76-7.44和7.50-7.80(m,5H,C6H5)9.30(s,1H,NH与D2O交换)。合成10-(乙基草酰基)马鞭烯酮3-[(1S,5S)-6,6-二甲基-4-氧代双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-基]-2-氧代丙酸乙酯
将网状的钠(0.69g,30mmol)加入(-)-马鞭烯酮(4.51g,30mmol)和草酸二乙酯(4.38g,30mmol)于无水乙醚(80ml)中的溶液。得到的反应混合物于室温搅拌5小时,向其中加入石油醚(20ml)和水(30ml)。把水相(碱性)与有机相分离,用1M盐酸酸化和用乙醚萃取。合并的醚相用硫酸镁干燥,真空蒸发,得到红色的黏稠液体(4g)(1),在乙醚-石油醚(1∶2)结晶可由此分离出黄色的结晶产物(2)(2.5g,产率33%),m.p.101℃。C14H18O4计算值:C:67.18;H:7.25;
    测定值:C:67.24;H:7.43;IR(CHCl3):3450,1700,1660,1645,1610cm-1NMR(CDCl3)δ:0.88(s,3H,CH3)1.38(t,J=7Hz,3H,CH3CH2)1.50(s,3H,CH3)1.9-2.3(m,1H、CH)2.6-3.1和3.7-4.0(2m,3H,CH+CH2)4.38(q,J=7Hz 2H,CH2CH3),6.10(s,1H、=CH)6.70和6.90(2 near s,1H,CH),8.0-8.7(broad s,1H,OH与D2O交换)。
(1)70∶30顺反异构体混合物(比例由1H-NMR得到),在烯酮形式时,相对于酯基的位置酮羰基在α位。
(2)该物质是一种异构体,可能是反式异构体。合成(1S,5S)-4-(2-芳基或2-杂芳基)乙烯基-6,6-二甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮12
将(-)-马鞭烯酮(1.5g,10mmol)和适当的芳基或杂芳基醛(10mmol)加入搅拌着的氢氧化钠(0.4g,10mmol)的无水乙醇(35ml)溶液,反应混合物搅拌过夜,真空蒸发溶剂。残余物用水(80ml)处理,用乙醚(或二氯甲烷)萃取。有机相用硫酸镁干燥,真空蒸发,将得到的黏稠液体或固体纯化,各自采用高真空下的鼓泡蒸馏或在适当的溶剂中结晶。实施例No.6-合成(1S,5S)-4-[(亚苄基)甲基]-6,6-二甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮12(Ar=C6H5)
将(-)-马鞭烯酮(1.5g,10mmol)和苯甲醛(1.06g,10mmol)加入搅拌着的氢氧化钠(0.4g,10mmol)的无水乙醇(35ml)溶液,反应混合物搅拌过夜,真空蒸发溶剂。残余物用水(50ml)处理和用乙醚萃取。醚相用硫酸镁干燥,真空蒸发,得到的黄色黏稠液体在180-185℃/0.8mmHg进行鼓泡蒸馏(产率75%)。C17H18O计算值  C:85.67;H:7.61;
     测定值:C:85.57;H:7.53;IR(CHCl3)cm-1:1655,16121H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.03(s,3H,CH3),1.59(s,3H,CH3),1.93-2.28和2.52-3.32(m,4CH,CH2+2CH),5.95(near s,1H,H-3,CH=),7.08(s,2H,CH=CH-C6H5),7.20-7.70(m,5H2C6H5)。
实施例No.7(比较试验)
按照文献(C.A.WINTER等人,Carrageenin induced edema in handpaw of the rat as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs,Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med.,111,544,1962;CURVOISIER等人,Action ofchlorpromazine on the edema produced by dextran in rats,Arch.Inter.Pharmacodynamie,102,33-54,1955;B.B.NEWBOULD,Chemotherapy of arthritis induced in rats by microbacterialadjuvant,Brit.J.Pharmacol.,21,127-135,1963;J.V.HURLEY等人,Reagin-like antibodies in animals immune to helminthparasite,Nature(London),204,91,1964;ROTHKOPF等人,Arzneimittel forschung,26,225-235,1976;C.A.WINTER等人,Antitussive compounds:testing  methods and results,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,112,99,1954;G.OSTERLOH,Arzneimittelforschung,16,901,1966)所描述的方法,将3-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐的抗炎活性与(-)-马鞭烯酮进行比较,结果在下文纲要式的列出。1.交叉菜胶诱导的大鼠水肿(PER OS)参数:体积抑制百分数;用药后20分钟的最大作用:(-)-马鞭烯酮(200mg/kg)=63%3-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐(200mg/kg)=78%2.经腹膜内给药时交叉菜胶诱导的大鼠水肿参数:体积抑制百分数;用药后20分钟的最大作用:(-)-马鞭烯酮(120mg/kg)=48%3-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐(120mg/kg)=67%3.经腹膜内给药时大鼠的佐剂关节炎参数:下肢体(lower limbs)体积增加的抑制百分数;第28天:(-)-马鞭烯酮(60mg/kg)=39%3-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐(60mg/kg)=64%4.经腹膜内给药时松节油诱导的大鼠胸膜炎参数:渗出物和白细胞迁移的体积抑制百分数:(-)-马鞭烯酮(60mg/kg)=49%3-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐(60mg/kg)=68%5.交叉菜胶诱导的大鼠胸膜(PER OS)参数:渗出物体积抑制百分数:(-)-马鞭烯酮(180mg/kg)=46%3-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐(180mg/kg)=72%6.经腹膜给药时交叉菜胶诱导的大鼠胸膜炎参数:渗出物体积抑制百分数:(-)-马鞭烯酮(25mg/kg)=48%3-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐(25mg/kg)=64%7.经腹膜内给药时丙烯醛诱导的豚鼠气溶胶参数:上、中、下呼吸道的炎症:评分(双盲):(-)-马鞭烯酮(30mg/kg)=243-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐(30mg/kg)=188.对大鼠胃活性的副作用(PER OS)参数:按照Osterloh对胃作用的副作用进行评价:(-)-马鞭烯酮(360mg/kg)=23-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐(360mg/kg)=0.85结论
下面的结论可由上述试验看出:根据所用方法不同(实施例1-7),3-氨基-(1)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐比(-)-马鞭烯酮的抗炎活性高23%至64%,并且对胃活性的副作用确实比较低(实施例8)。N.B.需要强调指出的是,实施例1-6给出的是体积抑制百分数;但实施例7和8给出的是治疗后炎症和对胃的副作用的遗留状态。

Claims (17)

1、下式I化合物:其中当X=O时Z=H,=CHAr,=C(OH)COOEt,=NOR;Y=H,NH2,NH3 +X1 -,NHCOAr,NHCOR,NHCONHR,NHCONHAr;
X1 -=药学上可接受的阴离子;Ar=芳基或杂芳基,优选苯基、4-氯苯基、-2-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、2-羟基苯基、2-乙酰氧基苯基;R=H、C1-C4烷基、C4-C6环烷基、CH2COOH、CH2COOEt、CH2COCH3,CH2CN,CH2COCH2COOEt,CH2C6H5;以及当X=二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、吡咯烷子基、哌啶子基或吗啉代基时;Y=H;Z=H,CONHAr,CONHR;Ar=芳基,优选苯基;R=H、C1-C4烷基、C4-C6环烷基;
2、按照权利要求1的化合物,其中的化合物具有下式结构:
Figure A0080631900022
其中当Y=H时,Z=CHAr,=C(OH)COOEt,=NOR;或者,当Z=H时,Y=NH2,NH3 +X1 -,NHCOAr,NHCOR,NHCONHR;以及其中:
X1 -=5-磺基水杨酸根、酒石酸根、10-莰佛磺酸根;Ar=苯基、4-氯苯基、-2-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、2-羟基苯基、2-乙酰氧基苯基;R=H、C1-C4烷基、C4-C6环烷基、CH2COOH、CH2COOEt、CH2COCH3,CH2CN,CH2COCH2COOEt,CH2C6H5
3、按照权利要求1的化合物,其中的化合物具有下式结构:
Figure A0080631900031
其中X=二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、吡咯烷子基、哌啶子基或吗啉代基;Z=H,CONHAr,-CONHR;Ar=苯基;R=H、甲基、环己基。
4、下式化合物:其中X1 -是药学上可接受的阴离子。
5、按照权利要求4的化合物,其中的药学上可接受的阴离子选自5-磺基水杨酸根、酒石酸根、10-莰佛磺酸根。
6、3-氨基-(-)-马鞭烯酮-5-磺基水杨酸盐。
7、药物组合物,其中至少含有一种权利要求1-6的化合物作为活性成分,同时含有常用的赋形剂和/或辅剂。
8、权利要求1-6化合物用于制备具有抗炎和/或粘膜调节活性的药物组合物的应用。
9、下式化合物:
Figure A0080631900041
10、下式化合物:
11、下式化合物:
Figure A0080631900043
其中X=二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、吡咯烷子基、哌啶子基或吗啉代基。
12、权利要求9-11的化合物作为制备权利要求1化合物的中间体的应用。
13、(-)-马鞭烯酮作为制备权利要求1化合物的中间体的应用。
14、制备权利要求4化合物的方法,该方法包括:
a)硝化(-)-马鞭烯酮4-位上的甲基,得到10-羟亚氨基马鞭烯酮;
b)将10-羟亚氨基马鞭烯酮还原得到3-氨基马鞭烯酮;
c)用药学上可接受的有机酸处理3-氨基马鞭烯酮
15、按照权利要求14的方法,其特征在于药学上可接受的有机酸选自5-磺基水杨酸、L-(+)-酒石酸和(1S)-(+)-10-莰佛磺酸。
16、按照权利要求14的方法,其特征在于(-)-马鞭烯酮4-位上甲基的硝化是在金属钠存在下,用亚硝酸异戊基酯进行的。
17、按照权利要求14的方法,其特征在于10-羟亚氨基马鞭烯酮的还原是在氢氧化钠存在下,用锌进行还原。
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CN106977387A (zh) * 2012-06-05 2017-07-25 高丽大学校产学协力团 含有马鞭草烯酮衍生物的神经退行性疾病治疗或者预防用药物组合物
CN106977387B (zh) * 2012-06-05 2020-06-09 高丽大学校产学协力团 含有马鞭草烯酮衍生物的神经退行性疾病治疗或者预防用药物组合物

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