CN1277665A - Led灯 - Google Patents

Led灯 Download PDF

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CN1277665A
CN1277665A CN99801548A CN99801548A CN1277665A CN 1277665 A CN1277665 A CN 1277665A CN 99801548 A CN99801548 A CN 99801548A CN 99801548 A CN99801548 A CN 99801548A CN 1277665 A CN1277665 A CN 1277665A
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led
lamp
pedestal
joint pin
led lamp
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CN1125939C (zh
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S·H·A·贝格曼
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
    • F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/67—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/60—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air
    • F21V29/67—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans
    • F21V29/677—Cooling arrangements characterised by the use of a forced flow of gas, e.g. air characterised by the arrangement of fans the fans being used for discharging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/83—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks the elements having apertures, ducts or channels, e.g. heat radiation holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/03—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type
    • F21S8/033—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade
    • F21S8/036—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of surface-mounted type the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade by means of a rigid support, e.g. bracket or arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2107/00—Light sources with three-dimensionally disposed light-generating elements
    • F21Y2107/40—Light sources with three-dimensionally disposed light-generating elements on the sides of polyhedrons, e.g. cubes or pyramids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
    • F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
    • F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
    • F21Y2113/17—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources forming a single encapsulated light source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/802—Position or condition responsive switch

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Fastening Of Light Sources Or Lamp Holders (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Securing Globes, Refractors, Reflectors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种LED灯,它包括一个其第一端与一个灯帽连接而另一端与基座连接的连接柱,所述基座包括很多LED。根据本发明,所述基座设有一个至少四个平面的规则多面体,所述平面包括至少一个具有至少5lm光通量的LED。所述连接柱也包括与基座和灯帽互相连接的散热装置。使用这种类型的LED灯可以获得具有高光通量的连续、规则的照明。

Description

LED灯
本发明涉及一种LED灯，它包括一个连接柱，一个与连接柱的一端连接的灯帽，和一个与连接柱的另一端相连并设有多个LED的基座。
从英国专利公开物GB2239306中可以了解这样一种LED(发光二极管)灯。所述公开物尤其描述了一种适用于装饰目的的LED灯。已知的灯包括一种具有BC帽或一个欧式的螺帽的通常的底部、一个容纳LED工作所必需的电器的连接柱、以及一个从灯纵轴方向看呈圆形对称的基座，基座中包含多个单独的LED。在灯工作过程中，由不同的LED产生的颜色可能不同。通过使用一种可调的时间控制开关，可以由该已知的灯产生特殊的照明效果和照明图案。
已知的灯具有很多缺点。其中一个是该灯仅适用于发信号的目的，由此，灯的LED通过特殊的可调整的闪光频率引起人们的注意。已知的灯不能提供高光通量的连续的、均匀的照明。此外，这种已知的灯生产比较复杂。这特别适用于必须有大量的LED的已知的灯。
本发明的一个目的是克服上述缺点。本发明更特别的目的是提供一种比较容易大量生产，并能被操作以获得具有高光通量的连续、均匀照明的LED灯。
本发明的这些和其他目的是由开头一段所述类型的LED灯实现的，该灯的特征在于基座包括一个至少有四个面的规则多面体，多面体的面至少有一个LED，在灯工作期间，LED至少有51m的光通量，连接柱设有与基座和灯帽互相连接的散热装置。
本发明的灯能获得连续、均匀、高强度的照明。已经知道只有当灯包括散热装置时，才能有效地利用具有51m或更高光通量的LED。通常的白炽灯仅能被有这样高光通量的LED的LED灯代替。本发明的一个特别方面在于散热装置排除了灯工作期间所产生的通过连接柱从基座到灯帽和与之相连的市电电源的热量。
使用包括至少有四个面的规则多面体的基座能获得希望的均匀照明。规则多面体与连接柱连接，最好是，通过一个顶点相连。然而，理论上多面体也可以在一个面的中心与连接柱相连。如果给每个面提供相同数量同种类型的LED，可以获得最均匀的照明。
在导致本发明的实验中，已经发现采用八面体(八个面的规则多面体)形式和十二面体(十二个面的规则多面体)形式的多面体可获得良好的结果。然而通过六面体(六个面的多面体，立方体)形式的基座可获得更好的结果。实际上发现使用四面体(四个面的规则多面体，锥体)形式的基座已经能获得好的均匀的光分布。在一个替换的实施例中基座包括一个三维体，如一个球体或一个椭圆体，或一个球体或椭圆体的一小部分。
一个LED灯优选的实施例，其特征在于灯具有一个(半)透明外壳。这个外壳可以由玻璃制成，但更好由合成树脂制成。该壳体起到对LED灯机械保护的作用，此外，壳体可以有助于从该灯获得均匀的照明。
另一个值得注意的LED灯的实施例，其例特征在于，散热装置包括基座和灯帽之间的金属连接机构。已经发现这样一种连接机构最好包括一层铜，从基座到灯帽适当地散热。理论上连接柱可以完全由热传导材料构成，例如象铜或铜合金的金属。在这种情况下，必须保证在连接柱中的电器适当地与金属连接柱电绝缘。最好是，基座也由金属制成，如铜或铜合金。
LED灯的另一个实施例特征在于，在柱体中有用于在灯中产生空气流的装置。最好使用风扇形式的这种装置，在灯工作过程中，产生强制空气冷却。与散热装置结合，这种方法能获得从连接柱和基座非常良好的散热。
本发明LED灯的另一实施例的特征在于，多面体的表面设有一个LED阵列，最好包括至少一种绿色，至少一种红色和至少一种蓝色的LED，或至少一种绿色，至少一种红色，至少一种黄色和至少一种蓝色的LED，或至少一种白色的LED。由于基座的形状，能容易提供这样一种LED阵列，它经常作为一种分离的阵列位于基座的表面。这特别应用在多面体的表面基本是平的时候。这样的LED阵列一般包括设置在平印刷线路板(PCB)上的多个LED。实际上，所说的LED不容易固定在不是水平的基座上。如果使用具有高光通量(51m或更高)的LED，那么通常使用一种所谓的金属芯PCB。这样的PCB有比较高的热传导。通过热传导粘接剂将这些PCB设置在(最好是金属)基座上，可获得从LED阵列到连接柱的非常好的散热。
通过在每个基座的表面使用一个或更多由绿、红和蓝，或绿、红、黄和蓝颜色组合的LED，可以获得发射白光的LED灯。这种包括三个不同LED组成的LED组合最好有第二光学系统，其中上述颜色混合以获得白光。另一个值得注意的LED灯的实施例，其特征在于该灯设有可改变LED光通量的装置。如果连接柱具有适用于该目的的电器，那么这种方法能获得变暗的LED灯。变暗功能最好是通过在灯帽位置与连接柱相连的调节环起动的。显然如果在灯中使用一个外壳，调整环一定安装在外壳的外面。
另一个值得注意的LED灯的实施例，其特征在于该灯设有相互改变位于基座不同表面的LED的光通量的装置。用于这种功能所必需的电器是包含在灯的连接柱中。通过使用这种方法，可能改变LED灯的空间光的分布。如果使用不同颜色的LED，也可能调整LED灯的颜色和颜色分布。颜色的分布和/或光分布最好通过调整环调整，这个调整环是在灯帽位置与连接柱相连。显然，如果在灯中使用一个外壳，调整环一定安装在外壳的外面。
本发明的这些和其他方面将通过参考下文描述的实施例进行阐明而变得更明显。
附图：
图1是本发明LED灯的第一个实施例的视图；
图2是本发明LED灯的第二个实施例的视图；
图3是用在本发明的LED灯的两种类型的LED的剖面示意图；
图4显示本发明的LED灯的一种可能应用的举例；
注意不同附图的相同部分由相同标号表示。
图1说明本发明的发光二极管灯(LED灯)第一个实施例。该灯包括一个管状的、中空的连接柱(1)，它与灯帽(2)的一端连接。连接柱(1)的另一端与基座(3)连接，该基座有多个LED(4)。中空连接柱(1)内的空间容纳着控制LED(4)所必需的电器。在灯工作的过程中，这些LED产生51m或更高的光通量。另外灯有一个合成树脂的外壳(5)，它包围连接柱(1)和基座(3)。要强调的是尽管存在外壳(5)，也获得本发明LED灯的效果。
这里所描述的实例中，基座(3)是有四个平面的规则的锥体形状，并通过锥体的一个顶点与连接柱(1)连接。基座(3)的外表面由金属或金属合金制成，因而能使LED(4)与柱体(1)良好地导热。在目前的例子中，所述基座的外表面由铜合金制成。锥体的每个面有多个(五个或六个)LED(4)，它们通过热传导粘接的方式固定到表面上。在这个例子中，使用相同类型的单个LED，每个LED(通常称为单片LED)仅有一个光点。因此，所示的LED灯是单色的。
LED灯的连接柱(1)的外表面由金属或金属合金制成。这使得从基座(3)到(金属)灯帽(2)得到良好的热传导。在目前的例子中，柱体用的是铜合金。上述散热装置的使用使具有比较高光通量的LED用在上述类型的LED灯中没有热的问题。
图1所示的LED灯也包括在灯中产生空气流的装置(未显示)。这些装置由包含在连接柱(1)中的风扇组成，在灯工作的过程中风扇产生空气流。这种空气流通过设置在连接柱中的孔(6)离开连接柱(1)，并通过提供在连接柱中的孔(7)重新进入连接柱(1)。通过适当地成形和定位孔(6)，空气流经过基座(3)上基本数量的LED。借此，获得从基座和LED改进的散热效果。
图2说明本发明LED灯的第二个实施例。如第一个实施例一样，这个实施例包括一个连接柱(1)，一个金属灯帽(2)、一个带有LED(4)的金属基座(3)，一个外壳(不必需)，以及强制空气冷却产生的空气流用的出口(6)和入口(7)。
在关于图2所描述的实施例中，基座(3)是具有六个平面的立方形，通过立方体的顶点与连接柱(1)连接。基座(3)由金属或金属合金制成，借此从LED(4)到连接柱(1)能获得良好的热传导。在目前的例子中，基座由铜合金制成。锥体的每个面有多个(八个或九个)LED(4)，它们通过热传导粘接的方式固定到表面上。在这个例子中，使用多片LED，每个LED有三个光点(绿、红和蓝)或每个LED有四个光点(绿、红、黄、蓝)。这些颜色在每个LED的第二光学系统中混合以获得白光。因此，在所示LED灯工作过程中，获得白光。
根据图2的LED灯也具有一个调整环(8)，用来同时改变LED的光通量。通过调整环，灯可以尽可能地变暗。也可提供给灯一个第二调整环(未显示)，利用该调整环可以改变基座不同表面上的LED彼此之间的光通量。这种方法能调整灯的空间光的分布。该灯也可有进一步的调整环(未显示)，利用它可以改变每个LED的三个光点彼此之间的光通量。这种方法能改变灯发出的光的颜色。
图3是适于用在本发明的LED灯中的三种类型LED(4)的剖面示意图。图3-A显示一个包括单片LED的LED，每个LED仅有一个光点(11)。这个光点位于所谓的MC-PCB(12)上，担负良好的热传导。给光点(11)提供初级光学系统(13)，借助于它能影响LED的发光特性。也给LED(4)提供两个电源接头(14)。通过这些电源接头，将LED焊接到基座(3)上。MC-PCB(12)和基座(3)之间的热传导粘接剂担负着从LED到基座的良好的散热。
图3显示所谓的多片LED，其中每个LED有三个光点(11)(绿、红和蓝)，如果需要，这三种颜色混合以在每个LED初级光学系统(13)获得白光。如果在多片LED上另外设有第二混合光学系统，能获得更好的颜色混合以形成白光。这种情况如图3-C所示。而且这些多片LED包括一个所谓的MC-PCB(12)和电源接头(14)。
如果在基座(3)上使用绿、红和蓝颜色的单片LED，很方便地将这些LED组合成三个一组，并在初级光学系统基础上进一步提供二级光学系统(15)。以这种方式，获得好的绿、红和蓝的混合颜色。这种情况如图3-D图解说明。
图4图解说明一种需要不对称光分布的LED灯的应用。LED灯(20)用在室外照明和位于固定到建筑物的墙壁(22)的一个支架(21)上。向墙壁方向所必需的光通量比向相反方向的光通量小得多。这种目的所需要的不对称的光分布可以通过如参考图3所述的LED灯得到简单调整。
根据本发明的LED灯很容易制造，并在灯工作的过程中，显示相当高的光通量。

Claims (7)

1.一种LED灯，它包括一个连接柱、一个与连接柱的一端连接的灯帽和一个与连接柱的另一端连接的基座，且基座上有多个LED，其特征在于该基座包括一个至少四个面的规则多面体，其中多面体的表面设有至少一个LED，它在灯工作期间有至少51m的光通量，并且其中连接柱设有与基座和灯帽互相连接的散热装置。
2.如权利要求1的LED灯，其特征在于该灯也设有一个(半)透明的外壳。
3.如权利要求1的LED灯，其特征在于散热装置包括一个基座和灯帽之间的金属连接装置。
4.如权利要求1的LED灯，其特征在于在连接柱中有用于在灯中产生空气流的装置。
5.如权利要求1的LED灯，其特征在于在多面体的表面设有一个LED阵列，该阵列最好包括至少一个绿，至少一个红和至少一个蓝LED或至少一个绿，至少一个红、至少一个黄和至少一个蓝LED或至少一个白LED。
6.如权利要求1的LED灯，其特征在于该灯设有用于改变LED光通量的装置。
7.如权利要求1的LED灯，其特征在于该灯设有相互改变位于基座的不同表面的LED的光通量的装置。
CN99801548A 1998-09-17 1999-09-13 发光二极管灯 Expired - Lifetime CN1125939C (zh)

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US6499860B2 (en) 2002-12-31
CN1125939C (zh) 2003-10-29
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US6220722B1 (en) 2001-04-24
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JP4290887B2 (ja) 2009-07-08
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