CN1273021A - Soilless asexual reproduction method for flowers and plants - Google Patents

Abstract

A soilless asexual reproduction method for flowers and plants is disclosed. The parts of said flower and grass, which are over the ground, such as leaf or stem are reproducted in a soilless breeding equipment in which permanent magnets are installed to generate magnetic field. The nutritive liquid for use is prepared by dissolving a multi-element magnetic fertilizer in water. Before inoculated, it is immersed in a magnetized aqueous solution containing potassium permanganate, glucose, indole-butanoic acid and boric acid. After inoculated, the aqueous solution of aspirin and the aqueous solution of beer are sequentially applied by spraying. Its advantages are high breeding speed, rooting within 3-15 days, and simple operation.

Description

A kind of flowers soilless asexual reproduction method

The present invention relates to the particularly method of soilless asexual reproduction of flower planting.The flowers vegetative propagation is because succession parent's that can be complete hereditary capacity helps cultivating excellent strain, therefore becomes one of important method that flowers breed.The method of tissue culture and cuttage is mainly adopted in vegetative propagation at present, and " artificial seed and preparation method thereof " of Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica king's body state, Bei Jianzhong is exactly a patent (open day 970430) of tissue culture aspect.Tissue culture is more advanced soilless-cultivated seedling method, and it is to be placed in the manually operated environment at the exsomatize histoorgan of flowers of following of aseptic condition, makes its development growth become complete plant by nourishing and generating.This micropropagation method reproduction coefficient is higher, and required propagating materials is less, helps factorial seedling growth.But tissue culture operating technology more complicated, whole process relate to explant cultivation, enrichment culture, root of hair cultivation, hardening etc., and the equipment needed thereby investment is bigger, and seedling cost is also higher, and early stage, cultivation cycle was longer.Cuttage is the most frequently used asexual reproduction method, and it also is to utilize the part nutrition organs of plant as propagating materials, impels them to form root and young sprout under suitable environmental condition, and then develops into a complete plant.This asexual reproduction method operation is fairly simple, and seedling cost is lower, but reproduction coefficient is not high enough.The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of flowers and do not have the asexual faster method of breeding of soil, its reproduction speed can meet or exceed tissue culture, and cost but significantly reduces, and operates also more convenient, free from environmental pollution, both be fit to the laboratory and also be suitable for the batch production flower seedling raising.

The present invention realizes by following technical measures: a kind of seedling nursing device that can produce magnetic energy is set, in water or other matrix, use the special-purpose polynary magnetic fertilizer of growing seedlings and form nutrient solution, in the selection of explant, collection, processing and cuttage inoculation,, select for use two kinds of aqueous solution priorities that it is sprayed after the inoculation with a kind of impregnation process before composite treating agent that high-intensity magnetic field is handled is inoculated the leaves of flowers, stem, leaf bud, root etc.Also to suitably control temperature, concentration and the factors such as environmental temperature, illumination of nutrient solution on request after the inoculation.

Seedling nursing device comprises two kinds in factorial seedling growth device and simple seedling raising device.The factorial seedling growth device mainly is made up of grow seedlings bed and liquid-supplying system two parts as shown in Figure 1.Liquid-supplying system comprises that leading controller 5, pH value controller 6, temperature controller 7, heating apparatus 8, aerating pipeline 14 etc. to liquid pool 1, water pump 2, feed liquid pipeline 3, Drainage pipe 4, electricity partly forms.To the employing electric heater of heating to liquid pool, electric thermal power 80～150W/m ², can increase its temperature by nutrient solution 15 when needing to the defeated heating of bed of growing seedlings.The available concrete of bed of growing seedlings is built into, and also can adopt corrosion resistant polyethylene rigid plastics groove.The concrete anti-corrosion rubber of a liner of growing seedlings.Seedbed height 10～40cm, about wide 80cm, long 5～50m, the surperficial magnetic field intensity that evenly distributes in the bottom of the bed 12 of growing seedlings is ferrite or the rare earth permanent-magnetic material of 0.08T～0.35T, thickness 2-20mm, each magnet magnetizing direction unanimity, the gross area of permanent magnet account for 2%～30% of bottom, the seedbed gross area.Polyethylene foams or lucite field planting plate 10 are installed in top at the bed of growing seedlings, are distributed with many rounds on the field planting plate, are equipped with in the hole for the planting cup 11 of settling explant, pitch of holes 4～12cm, line-spacing 8-15cm.The trend of row is vertical with earth south poles direction.The magnet 13 of above-mentioned performance is also installed in the planting cup bottom, and magnetizing direction will make it inhale mutually with magnet 9, and the magnet area is about 20～60% of glass floor space.

The simple seedling raising device as shown in Figure 2, basic structure to liquid-supplying system grow seedlings the bed not similar.Can adopt glass, concrete or plastic production chamber wall 19, at the aforesaid permanent magnet 16 of the same installation in the bottom of watertight container, to increase the oxygen content in the cultivation solution, the structure of field planting plate 17 is also similar to the factorial seedling growth bed, but can not establish planting cup, explant can directly pass field planting hole 18 and enter culture matrix.

Seedling nursing device with magnetic field has tangible oxygenation effect, therefore is particularly conducive to water planting and grows seedlings.

Can add water purification in seedling nursing device, the position of water in seedling nursing device is lower than field planting plate 0.2-8.0cm.Other addible matrix have clean sand, peat, haydite etc.This method adopts and apply the special-purpose polynary magnetic fertilizer formation nutrient solution of growing seedlings in water or other matrix.This granular fertilizer contains N, P ₂O ₅, K ₂The O summation reaches 30-40%, contains trace element 5～10% among Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, B, Fe, the S etc. in addition.N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=1.0: 0.6～1.0: 1.0～1.5, nitrate nitrogen accounts for the 50-55% of nitrogen total amount, this fertilizer of handling through 0.3～0.5T high-intensity magnetic field helps the crop root of hair and absorbs nutrient, and the concentration that applies this special fertilizer for seedling culture formation nutrient solution in the water is 0.02～0.20%, nutrient solution PH5.5～7.0.

Explant material comprises nutrition organs such as the stem, leaf, leaf bud, root of flowers, choose to grow and enrich and the tissue of healthy and strong maternal plant.As the long 5～20cm of the branch (stem) of explant, remove radical leaves, be with a top 1-3 blade and 2-4 bud, use the deionized water solution that contains 0.05～0.5% potassium permanganate, 10～80ppm indolebutyric acid, 15-100ppm boric acid, 1～6% glucose to flood again 0.1～24 hour after cleaning with clear water through the magnetic treatment of 0.2～0.5T intensity.Flowers branch to the many slurries of fleshiness should be placed on concealment place and dry in the air 1～2 day behind the clip, and then the cuttage inoculation.Leaf or leaf bud as explant should be ripe but not aging, accomplish timely shearing, sterilization and HORMONE TREATMENT and inoculation.Blade after above-mentioned magnetic mixed aqueous solution impregnation process and leaf bud can insert the seedling nursing device inoculation.Segment for can be cut into 5-6cm than long blade inserts matrix with the lower end.The degree of depth that the explant inoculation enters water or other matrix is about 1/3～2/3 of total length.

The postvaccinal management of explant comprises temperature, humidity, illumination, nutrition supply and adjustment, aspects such as oxygen supply and oxygen content adjustment.Environmental temperature generally is controlled at 20～28 ℃, and relative moisture 75-90% is beneficial to callus and produces and take root.Solar radiation is crossed can cause moisture imbalance in the explant body by force, therefore will give suitably to cover shade.Spray the aspirin aqueous solution 1～2 time to explant every day in early stage, and concentration is 10～50ppm, to reduce transpiration.Later on every day, leaf surface spraying concentration was 10～50% beer aqueous solution 1-3 time, replenished nutrient, adjusting humidity.Control the pH value of solution and nutrient density at claimed range.Because magnetic oxygenation effect, nutrient solution circulation as shown in Figure 1 can be adopted batch (-type) but not continous way.Started circulation in general per 4～6 hours and got final product in 0.5 hour, 10～25 liters/minute of circular flows, oxygen content is not less than 6.5mg/L in the nutrient solution.

Adopt this method realized with leaf and leaf bud be that the flowers of the very fast breeding of explant have ivyleaf cyclamen, hydrangea, African violet, sansevieria trifasciata, cross Malus spectabilis, Your Highness orchid, take root, gloxinia, fourleaf peperomia herb, Graptopetalum Paraguayense, jade plant, red-spotted stonecrop, jonquil, green pepper grass, camellia, geranium, chrysanthemum, rose, dahlia; Realized with the succulent stem being that the very fast flowers that breed of explant comprise Indian fig, a kind of cactus with globular or elliptic stems, mountain shadow fist, aloe, schlumbergera etc.; Realized with the root being that the flowers that explant is faster bred have Malus spectabilis etc.; Realized with stem section or branch being that the very fast flowers that breed of explant have Cactus, sweet-scented oleander, Monstera deliciosa, dragon tree, red mulberry, jasmine, with a smile, poinsettia, ti, gardenia, rose, purple perilla, Pilea notata, climing green suede, epipremnum aureum, black pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows powder leaf, happiness woods taro, fire crane taro, thick rib grass, Brazil's iron, carnation, cineraria, fuchsia, Chinese rose, ivy, Chloranthus spicatus Mak, honeysuckle, view and admire tomato, Pi Jiaocao, little freshwater mussel orchid, nieffea picta, petunia, close the fruit taro, epipremnum aureum, fairy bamboo, purple zebrina, dayflower, lophatherum gracile, wheel blade bamboo any of several broadleaf plants, red bamboo water pipe grass, roundleaf ocean bamboo water pipe etc.These multiple flowers were cultivated and can take root through 3-15 days, and then obtained whole plant, and easy and simple to handle, once-seedling forming does not need repeatedly to cultivate.Can breed generation seedling in 20～45 days, the seedling well developed root system, seedling cost is lower, and can fully keep the maternal plant hereditary capacity.

Growing seedlings of embodiment 1 Cactus and bright and beautiful bamboo grass.Adopt soilless-cultivated seedling device water planting shown in Figure 2, bottom magnet Surface field intensity 0.25T, device is contained running water 1.5L, uses the special-purpose polynary magnetic fertilizer 0.5g. that grows seedlings, N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=1.0: 11: 13.With scraper clip Cactus and the long 10-15cm of the bright and beautiful bamboo healthy and strong branch of grass, branch bottom ovalisation.Be potassium permanganate 0.15%, glucose 2%, indolebutyric acid 30ppm, boric acid 30ppm and in the aqueous solution of 03T field intensity magnetic treatment, flooded 3 hours at composition, impregnating depth is 1/3 of a branch length, branch is after treatment put into seedling nursing device, under 20～28 ℃ of temperature and non-direct projection natural lighting, Cactus was taken root in 7 days, brocade bamboo grass was taken root in 3 days, and cuttage then needs respectively to take root in about 30 days and 15 days in the general soil.

Embodiment 2 Indian figes are grown seedlings.Adopt batch production soilless-cultivated seedling device shown in Figure 1 to carry out water planting.The length and width of bed of growing seedlings are high to be that 5m * 0.8m * 0.3m, the bottom ferrimagnet that 3 row, 27 Surface field intensity are arranged is 0.08T is uniform, and every magnet is of a size of 10cm * 10cm * 0.5cm, and magnetizing direction is along thickness direction.The plump succulent stem of cutting Indian fig is an explant, behind the same processing method dipping of example 1, puts into concentration and be 0.03%, the pure content of NPK is 35%, N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=1: 1: 1.2, pH value was that liquid level is lower than about kickboard 2cm, starts liquid circulation pump 0.5 hour in per 4 hours, 10 liters/minute of flows in 6.5 the magnetic fertilizer aqueous solution.The first day aspirin aqueous solution to succulent stem spraying concentration 15ppm played to spray 10% the beer aqueous solution every day 2 times in second day, and 6-7 days visible succulent stem bottoms grow the root of white under 20～28 ℃ of natural lightings.Cuttage then needs 25 days left and right sides root of hairs in the soil.

Embodiment 3 African violets are grown seedlings, and adopt seedling nursing device shown in Figure 1 to carry out water planting.Nutrient solution concentration 0.03%, N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=1.0: 0.8: 1.2.As explant, put into seedling nursing device after 15 minutes from the shank clip of blade at dipping in the mixed aqueous solution of the boric acid of the magnetic treatment of 0.5T field intensity, the indolebutyric acid that contains 0.4% potassium permanganate, 5% glucose, 50ppm, 70ppm.A few days ago leaf surface spraying concentration be 20ppm the aspirin aqueous solution once, the beer aqueous solution that sprays 30% concentration later every day was once promptly taken root through 5 days under 20～28 ℃ of temperature and light scattering.The back fertilizer amount of taking root doubles, and can grow up to whole plant and transplant in 25 days.

The breeding of embodiment 4 aloes, the seedling nursing device of employing is identical with embodiment 3.Choosing on the good maternal plant stem that growth enriches and side shoot as explant material, length 8-15cm, leaf 3-4 sheet is stayed at the top, lower end otch ellipse.For avoiding infection of incisional wound and hestening rooting, be placed on cool place, ventilation, dry place 2-3 days, wound is received done.The magnetic aqueous solution dipping 10 minutes of the boric acid of the indolebutyric acid of explant through containing 0.5% potassium permanganate, 5% glucose, 70ppm, 50ppm before the inoculation, the aspirin aqueous solution that the preceding 2 days spraying concentrations in inoculation back are 30ppm once sprays and contains 40% the beer aqueous solution once later every day.The nutrient solution concentration of growing seedlings in the bed is 0.03-0.05%, and the magnetic fertilizer of being used is identical with embodiment 3.Under 24-28 ℃ and non-direct projection natural lighting, can grow adventive root in explant 7-9 days.And the tissue culture early growth speed of aloe is slow, cultivating through breeding earlier before inducing adventitious root takes place indefinite bud takes place and breeding, a cultivation cycle is 25-30 days, and breeding and culture of rootage will be operated under aseptic condition, also need be through practicing seedling before tissue cultivating seedling is transplanted.

Embodiment 5 geranium soilless asexual reproductions adopt seedling nursing device shown in Figure 2 to grow seedlings on casting bed.Choose side shoot through the maternal plant generation of pinching, cut 7-9cm with scraper, stay top leaf 2-3 sheet, place half a day in the ventilating and cooling place, be 0.3% potassium permanganate, 3% glucose, the indolebutyric acid of 50ppm, the boric acid of 50ppm at composition then, and in the aqueous solution that handle in 0.3T magnetic field, flooded 10 minutes.Branch after treatment inserts the casting bed of having used magnetic fertilizer, and the magnetic fertilizer composition is identical with embodiment 3, adds 1.0 grams in the amount of application per kilogram sand, and fertilizer will be mixed evenly and water spray with sand.Slotting back sprays the aspirin and the beer aqueous solution by embodiment 4 methods and shades, and can take root at 20-25 ℃ of following 11-13 days.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of flowers soilless asexual reproduction method is characterized in that the bottom of seedling nursing device and planting cup bottom are equipped with permanent-magnet material, in use have magnetic field energy to act on nutrient solution and flowers explant.And nutrient solution is dissolved in the water with the special-purpose magnetic fertilizer of flower seedling raising and forms.Before inoculation, need in the Combined Processing liquid of magnetic treatment, flood as the stock explant leaf of flowers, leaf bud, stem etc., and after inoculation earlier through the aspirin aqueous solution after the beer aqueous solution spray.

2, a kind of flowers soilless asexual reproduction method as claimed in claim 1, the permanent-magnet material that it is characterized in that being installed in bottom seedling nursing device bottom and the planting cup is ferrite or rare earth permanent-magnetic material, Surface field intensity is 0.08～0.35T, and the magnet area is 2～30% of a seedling nursing device bottom area.

3, a kind of flowers soilless asexual reproduction method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that containing N, P in order to the special-purpose magnetic fertilizer of the flower seedling raising of preparation nutrient solution ₂O ₅, K ₂O summation 30～40%, wherein nitrate nitrogen accounts for 50～55%, N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=1.0: (0.6～1.0): (1.0～1.5).Contain micro-5-10% among Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, B, Mn, the Re etc. in addition, and handle through 0.3～0.5T high-intensity magnetic field.Concentration with its preparation nutrient solution is 0.02～0.2%, and pH value is 5.5～7.0.

4, the method for a kind of flowers soilless asexual reproduction as claimed in claim 1, the composition that it is characterized in that inoculating previous crops and be the magnetic Combined Processing liquid of dipping usefulness such as the stock explant leaf of flowers, stem, root is 0.05～0.5% potassium permanganate, the indolebutyric acid of 10-80ppm, the boric acid of 10～100ppm, 1～6% glucose, and surplus is deionized water.This Combined Processing liquid is handled through 0.2～0.5T high-intensity magnetic field before using.

5, a kind of flowers soilless asexual reproduction method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that explant inoculation after, early stage, spraying concentration was the aspirin aqueous solution of 10-50ppm, then sprayed the beer aqueous solution of 10～50% concentration.

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