CN1260334C - 润滑油组合物 - Google Patents

润滑油组合物 Download PDF

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CN1260334C
CN1260334C CNB028181743A CN02818174A CN1260334C CN 1260334 C CN1260334 C CN 1260334C CN B028181743 A CNB028181743 A CN B028181743A CN 02818174 A CN02818174 A CN 02818174A CN 1260334 C CN1260334 C CN 1260334C
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lubricating oil
composition
quality
component
oil composition
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CN1606612A (zh
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守田英太郎
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Eneos Corp
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Nippon Oil Corp
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Abstract

一种特别适用于自动变速装置的润滑油组合物,包括润滑基油、(A)基于组合物之总量按硼计含量为0.02至0.1%(质量)的含硼无灰分散剂、(B)基于组合物之总量按碱土金属计含量为0.01%(质量)或更高的碱值为0至500mgKOH/g的碱土金属基去垢剂、和(C)碱金属硼酸盐或其水合物,有优异的抗磨性和通过抑制咬合改进的疲劳寿命。

Description

润滑油组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及用于润滑油组合物,特别涉及适用于汽车用传动装置的抗磨性极佳而且疲劳寿命长的润滑油组合物。
背景技术
汽车用自动变速装置包括转矩变换器、行星齿轮装置、轴承、湿式离合器、和用于控制这些元件的液压控制装置。但近年来,由于开发大功率发动机和缩小自动变速装置的进展,自动变速装置已能容许更大的负荷。要求此类变速装置中所填润滑油即变速器油有优异的极压性和抗磨性,同时保持高润滑性和长疲劳寿命,疲劳寿命是长期防止轴承和齿轮内咬合或表面剥落(因损伤所致润滑表面缺陷)的能力。
为满足这些要求,已知例如在润滑油如汽车变速器油中掺混极压性和抗磨性极佳的硫基或磷基添加剂。虽然硫基添加剂的极压性极好,但因其与金属表面的作用较强,不能避免腐蚀磨损和磨蚀,单独使用时产生问题。另一方面,磷基添加剂因其与金属表面的作用较弱,腐蚀磨损和磨蚀比硫基添加剂少,但在要求在苛刻条件下表现出极压性的自动变速装置中单独使用时通常有缺少避免咬合或表面剥落的极压性问题。
鉴于以上情况,本发明的目的是提供一种特别适合作车用变速器油的润滑油组合物,其抗磨性极好而且能抑制咬合,导致疲劳寿命改善。
发明内容
经过广泛的调查和研究之后,发现使用特定的含硼无灰分散剂、金属基去垢剂、和碱金属硼酸盐的组合物能产生抗磨性改善而且能抑制咬合、导致疲劳寿命改善的润滑油组合物。
即,本发明提供一种润滑油组合物,包括润滑基油、(A)基于组合物之总量按硼计含量为0.02至0.1%(质量)的含硼无灰分散剂、(B)基于组合物之总量按碱土金属计含量为0.01%(质量)或更高的碱值为0至500mgKOH/g的碱土金属基清净剂、和(C)碱金属硼酸盐或其水合物。
本发明中,组分(C)优选为水合硼酸钾。
组分(C)的含量基于组合物之总量按硼计优选为0.002至0.1%(质量)。
组分(A)优选为硼化合物改性的琥珀酰亚胺。
组分(B)优选为碱土金属磺酸盐或碱土金属水杨酸盐。
组分(B)优选为碱土金属钙。
该润滑油组合物优选用于配有湿式离合器的自动变速装置。
发明详述
下面更详细地描述本发明。
(1)基油
本发明所用润滑基油可以是常用作润滑油基油的任何矿物基油和/或合成基油。
矿物基油的例子包括石蜡或环烷油,可通过使原油常压蒸馏或真空蒸馏生产的润滑油馏分经过选自溶剂脱沥青、溶剂萃取、加氢裂化、溶剂脱蜡、催化脱蜡、加氢精制、硫酸洗涤和粘土处理的一或多个精炼过程获得;和n-石蜡。
对合成基油无特殊限制。但合成基油的例子包括聚-α-烯烃如1-辛烯低聚物、1-癸烯低聚物、和乙烯-丙烯低聚物及其氢化物;异丁烯低聚物及其氢化物;异链烷烃;烷基苯;烷基萘;二酯如戊二酸二(十三)酯、己二酸二-2-乙基己酯、己二酸二异癸酯、己二酸二(十三)酯、和癸二酸二-2-乙基己酯;多元醇酯如三羟甲基丙烷辛酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷壬酸酯、季戊四醇-2-乙基己酸酯、和季戊四醇壬酸酯;聚亚氧烷基二醇;二烷基二苯基醚;和聚苯醚。
润滑基油的运动粘度无特殊限制。但润滑基油在100℃下的运动粘度优选为1至20mm2/s、更优选2至10mm2/s。
(2)(A)含硼无灰分散剂
本发明润滑油组合物的组分(A)是含硼无灰分散剂。
组分(A)含有硼是很重要的。在用不含硼的无灰分散剂作组分(A)的情况下,不能实现本发明的目的,因为它不仅不能抑制咬合或表面剥落引起的疲劳,而且甚至在与后面所述组分(B)和(C)组合使用时在抗磨性和氧化稳定性方面也无效。
尽管组分(A)中的硼含量可任意选择,但为有极佳的疲劳寿命和抗磨性,下限优选为0.2%(质量)、更优选0.4%(质量),而上限为4%(质量)、更优选2.5%(质量)。
组分(A)的具体实例包括用硼化合物改性的产品,如分子中有至少一个含40至400个碳原子的烷基或链烯基的含氮化合物及其衍生物。可掺混选自这些化合物的任一或多种。
所述烷基或链烯基可以是直链或支链的,优选是由烯烃如丙烯、1-丁烯、和异丁烯的低聚物或乙烯和丙烯的低共聚物衍生的支链烷基或烯基。
尽管所述烷基或链烯基的碳数是任选的,但优选有40至400、更优选60至350个碳原子。有少于40个碳原子的烷基或链烯基破坏所述化合物在基油中的溶解度,而有多于400个碳原子的烷基或链烯基将破坏所得润滑油组合物的低温流动性。
含氮化合物的具体实例是选自以下化合物的一或多种:
(A-1)每分子有至少一个含40至400个碳原子的烷基或链烯基的琥珀酰亚胺或其衍生物;
(A-2)每分子有至少一个含40至400个碳原子的烷基或链烯基的苄胺或其衍生物;和
(A-3)每分子有至少一个含40至400个碳原子的烷基或链烯基的多胺或其衍生物。
(A-1)琥珀酰亚胺的具体实例是下式所示化合物:
式(1)中,R1为有40至400、优选60至350个碳原子的烷基或链烯基,a为1至5、优选2至4的整数。
式(2)中,R2和R3独立地为有40至400、优选60至350个碳原子的烷基或链烯基,b为0至4、优选1至3的整数。
琥珀酰亚胺分为式(1)所示其中琥珀酐加至聚胺一端的单琥珀酰亚胺和式(2)所示其中琥珀酐加至聚胺两端的双琥珀酰亚胺。本发明中,这两类琥珀酰亚胺及其混合物都可作为组分(A)。
(A-2)苄胺的具体实例是下式所示化合物:
式(3)中,R4为有40至400、优选60至350个碳原子的烷基或链烯基,c为1至5、优选2至4的整数。
苄胺的生产方法无特殊限制。但作为例子,所述苄胺之一可通过以下方法生产:使聚烯烃如丙烯低聚物、聚丁烯、或乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物与苯酚反应得到烷基酚,然后使之与甲醛和多胺如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、或五亚乙基六胺进行Mannich反应。
(A-3)多胺的具体实例是下式所示化合物:
Figure C0281817400063
式(4)中,R5为有40至400、优选60至350个碳原子的烷基或链烯基,d为1至5、优选2至4的整数。
多胺的生产方法无特殊限制。例如,所述多胺之一可通过以下方法生产:使聚烯烃如丙烯低聚物、聚丁烯、或乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物氯化,然后与氨或多胺如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、或五亚乙基六胺反应。
所述含氮化合物的衍生物的具体实例是使上述含氮化合物之任一与有2至30个碳原子的一元羧酸(脂肪酸)或有2至30个碳原子的多元羧酸如草酸、邻苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸或均苯四酸反应使剩余的氨基和/或亚氨基全部或部分中和或酰胺化得到的羧酸改性化合物;使上述含氮化合物之任一与含硫化合物反应得到的硫改性化合物;及其混合物。
本发明所用组分(A)是用硼化合物使上述含氮化合物或其衍生物之任一改性得到的化合物。
用硼化合物使所述氮化合物或其衍生物改性的方法无特殊限制。因而,可采用任何适合方法。例如,使上述氮化合物或其衍生物之任一与硼化合物如硼酸、硼酸盐、或硼酸酯反应以使所述含氮化合物或其衍生物中剩余的氨基和/或亚氨基全部或部分中和或酰胺化。
其中所用硼化合物的具体实例是原硼酸、偏硼酸、和四硼酸。硼酸盐的例子是硼酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、或铵盐。更具体的例子是硼酸锂如偏硼酸锂、四硼酸锂、五硼酸锂、和过硼酸锂,硼酸钠如偏硼酸钠、二硼酸钠、四硼酸钠、五硼酸钠、六硼酸钠、和八硼酸钠,硼酸钾如偏硼酸钾、四硼酸钾、五硼酸钾、六硼酸钾、和八硼酸钾,硼酸钙如偏硼酸钙、二硼酸钙、四硼酸三钙、四硼酸五钙、和六硼酸钙,硼酸镁如偏硼酸镁、二硼酸镁、四硼酸三镁、四硼酸五镁、和六硼酸镁,和硼酸铵如偏硼酸铵、四硼酸铵、五硼酸铵、和八硼酸铵。硼酸酯的例子是硼酸与有1至6个碳原子的烷基醇的酯,更具体地是硼酸单甲酯、硼酸二甲酯、硼酸三甲酯、硼酸单乙酯、硼酸二乙酯、硼酸三乙酯、硼酸单丙酯、硼酸二丙酯、硼酸三丙酯、硼酸单丁酯、硼酸二丁酯、和硼酸三丁酯。
优选用于组分(A)的是以改进疲劳寿命和抗磨性为目的用上述硼化合物使作为上述含氮化合物的(A-1)每分子有至少一个含40至400个碳原子的烷基或链烯基的琥珀酰亚胺改性得到的;及其混合物。
本发明润滑油组合物中组分(A)的下限含量基于组合物之总量按硼计为0.02%(质量)、优选0.03%(质量),而上限是基于组合物之总量按硼计0.1%(质量)、优选0.08%质量)。组分(A)低于所述下限在抗磨性方面无效,而组分(A)高于所述上限将破坏所得润滑油组合物的氧化稳定性。
(3)(B)金属基清净剂
本发明所用组分(B)是碱土金属基清净剂。
组分(B)的碱值为0至500mgKOH/g、优选0至400mgKOH/g。碱值超过500mgKOH/g的组分(B)结构不稳定而且破坏所得油组合物的储存稳定性。本文所用术语“碱值”代表按JIS K2501(1992)第7部分“石油产品和润滑剂-中和值的测定”通过高氯酸电位滴定法测量的碱值。
本发明中,使用组分(B)不仅可改善抑制咬合或表面剥落引起的疲劳的性能和抗磨性,而且可优化湿式离合器的摩擦性能,从而抑制湿式离合器因反复压缩所致强度下降。
组分(B)的具体实例是选自以下的一或多种金属基清净剂:
(B-1)碱值为0至500mgKOH/g的碱土金属磺酸盐;
(B-2)碱值为0至500mgKOH/g的碱土金属水杨酸盐;和
(B-3)碱值为0至500mgKOH/g的碱土金属酚盐。
(B-1)碱土金属磺酸盐的具体实例是通过使分子量为100至1500、优选200至700的烷基芳族化合物磺化得到的烷基芳族磺酸的碱土金属盐、特别优选镁盐和/或钙盐。烷基芳族磺酸的具体实例是石油磺酸和合成磺酸。
石油磺酸可以是通过矿物油的润滑剂馏分中所含烷基芳族化合物磺化得到的石油磺酸或生产白油时副产的石油磺酸。合成磺酸可以是使有直链或支链烷基的烷基苯(可以是作为洗涤剂原料的烷基苯生产厂副产的)磺化得到的或使聚烯烃烷基化成苯或使二壬基萘磺化得到的。用于使烷基芳族化合物磺化的磺化剂无特殊限制。但一般使用发烟硫酸和硫酸。
(B-2)碱土金属水杨酸盐的例子是有至少一个含4至30、优选6至18个碳原子的直链或支链烷基的烷基水杨酸的碱土金属盐、优选镁盐和/或钙盐。
(B-3)碱土金属酚盐的具体实例是有至少一个含4至30、优选6至18个原子的直链或支链烷基的烷基酚与硫反应得到的烷基酚硫化物或此类烷基酚与甲醛反应得到的Mannich反应产物的碱土金属盐、优选镁盐和/或钙盐。
只要组分(B)即碱土金属磺酸盐、碱土金属水杨酸盐或碱土金属酚盐的碱值都在0至500mgKOH/g的范围内,则可以是通过烷基芳族磺酸、烷基水杨酸、烷基酚、烷基酚硫化物、或烷基酚的Mannich反应产物直接与碱土金属盐如碱土金属(如镁和/或钙)的氧化物或氢氧化物反应或用碱土金属盐取代已转化成碱金属盐如钠盐或钾盐的烷基芳族磺酸、烷基水杨酸、烷基酚、烷基酚硫化物、或烷基酚的Mannich反应产物得到的中性(正)盐。组分(B)也可以是上述正盐与过量的碱土金属盐或碱土金属碱(碱土金属氢氧化物或氧化物)一起在水存在下加热得到的碱式盐。组分(B)还可以是上述正盐与碱土金属的碱在碳酸气存在下反应得到的高碱性钙盐。
这些反应通常在溶剂包括脂族烃类溶剂如己烷、芳烃类溶剂如二甲苯、或润滑基油轻馏分中进行。金属基清净剂可以被润滑基油轻馏分稀释的形式商购。优选使用金属含量在1.0至20%(质量)、优选2.0至16%(质量)范围内的金属基清净剂。
组分(B)的下限含量基于组合物之总量按碱土金属计为0.01%(质量)、优选0.05%(质量)、更优选0.1%(质量)、特别优选0.15%(质量)。组分(B)的上限无特殊限制。但所述上限基于组合物之总重优选为0.7%(质量)或更低、特别优选0.4%(质量)或更低。
低于所述下限含量的组分(B)即使与上述组分(A)和下述组分(C)组合也不能抑制咬合或表面剥落所引起的疲劳,而组分(B)超过0.7%(质量)将破坏所得组合物的氧化稳定性。
(4)(C)碱金属硼酸盐及其水合物
本发明所用组分(C)是碱金属硼酸盐或其水合物。
组分(C)的例子是水合硼酸锂、水合硼酸钠、水合硼酸钾、水合硼酸铷、和水合硼酸铯。特别优选的是水合硼酸钾。
例如,通过以下方法获得水合硼酸钾或水合硼酸钠的细粒状分散剂形式的碱金属硼酸盐:使氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠和硼酸溶于水以致硼与碱金属(钾、或钠等)之原子比在2.0至4.5的范围内,将所得溶液加至含中性碱土金属磺酸盐或琥珀酰亚胺基无灰分散剂的油溶液中,然后剧烈搅拌直至获得水包油乳液,使所述乳液脱水。
组分(C)的含量可任意选择。但下限含量基于组合物之总量按硼计为0.002%(质量)、优选0.005%(质量)。上限含量基于组合物之总量按硼计为0.1%(质量)、优选0.06%(质量)。组分(C)按硼计低于0.002%(质量)使润滑油组合物不能抑制咬合或表面剥落引起的疲劳,而组分(C)按硼计超过0.1%(质量)将破坏所得润滑油的储存稳定性。
以碱土金属磺酸盐中的分散剂形式获得组合(C)时,所得润滑油组合物包含此磺酸盐。但毫无疑问此碱土金属磺酸盐和组分(B)的碱土金属总量在前面所述组分(B)的范围内。
(5)其它添加剂
本发明润滑油组合物可掺入已知添加剂以进一步增强其作为润滑油的性能。此添加剂的例子是(D)不含硼的无灰分散剂、(E)摩擦改性剂、(F)抗氧化剂、(G)极压添加剂、(H)抗磨剂、(I)粘度指数改进剂、(J)防锈剂、(K)阻蚀剂、(L)降倾点剂、(M)橡胶溶胀剂、(N)消泡剂、和(O)着色剂。这些添加剂可单独或组合使用。
(D)不含硼的无灰分散剂
可与本发明润滑油组合物掺混的不含硼的无灰分散剂的具体实例是针对组分(A)所描述的用硼化合物改性之前的无灰分散剂。本发明中,可以任意量掺入选自此无灰分散剂的一或多种化合物。不含硼的无灰分散剂的含量基于润滑油组合物之总量优选为0.1至10%(质量)。
(E)摩擦改性剂
可与本发明润滑油组合物组合使用的摩擦改性剂是通常在润滑油中用作摩擦改性剂的任何化合物,包括胺类化合物、脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸酰胺、和脂肪酸金属盐,其分子内都有至少一个含6至30个碳原子的烷基或链烯基、优选含6至30个碳原子的直链烷基或烯基。
胺类化合物的例子包括有6至30个碳原子的直链或支链(优选直链)脂族单胺、有6至30个碳原子的直链或支链(优选直链)脂族多胺、和这些脂族胺的烯化氧加合物。脂肪酸酯的例子包括有7至31个碳原子的直链或支链(优选直链)脂肪酸与脂族一元醇或脂族多元醇的酯。脂肪酸酰胺的例子包括有7至31个碳原子的直链或支链(优选直链)脂肪酸与脂族单胺或脂族多胺的酰胺。脂肪酸金属盐的例子包括有7至31个碳原子的直链或支链(优选直链)脂肪酸的碱土金属盐(镁盐和钙盐)或锌盐。
本发明中,可以任意量掺入选自此摩擦改性剂的任一或多种化合物。摩擦改性剂的含量为0.01至5.0%(质量)、优选0.03至3.0%(质量),基于润滑油组合物之总量。
(F)抗氧化剂
可与本发明润滑油组合物组合使用的抗氧化剂可以是通常在润滑油中用作抗氧化剂的任何常规抗氧化剂如酚基化合物或胺基化合物。
抗氧化剂的具体实例是烷基酚如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、双酚如亚甲基-4,4-双酚(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、萘胺如苯基-α-萘胺、二烷基二苯胺、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌如二-2-乙基己基二硫代磷酸锌、和(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)脂肪酸如丙酸与一元或多元醇如甲醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、硫二甘醇、三甘醇、和季戊四醇的酯。
本发明中,可以任意量掺入选自上述抗氧化剂的任一或多种化合物。抗氧化剂的含量一般为0.01至5.0%(质量),基于润滑油组合物之总量。
(G)极压添加剂
可与本发明润滑油组合物组合使用的极压添加剂可以是通常在润滑油中用作极压添加剂的任何化合物。极压添加剂的例子包括硫基化合物如二硫化物、烯烃硫化物、和硫化油和脂肪。选自这些极压添加剂的任一或多种化合物可以任意量掺入。但这些极压添加剂的含量基于润滑油组合物之总量一般为0.01至5.0%(质量)。
(H)抗磨剂
可与本发明润滑油组合物组合使用的抗磨剂的例子包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,磷酸,单磷酸酯,二磷酸酯,三磷酸酯,磷酸、单磷酸酯和二磷酸酯的金属盐或胺盐,及其混合物。
这些抗磨剂中,除磷酸以外的那些一般是含有2至30、优选3至20个碳原子的烃基的化合物。
抗磨剂的含量基于润滑油组合物之总量按磷计优选为0.005至0.2%(质量)。按磷计含量低于0.005%(质量)不能有效地抗磨,而含量高于0.2%(质量)将破坏所得润滑油组合物的氧化稳定性。
(I)粘度指数改进剂
可与本发明润滑油组合物组合使用的粘度指数改进剂可以是非分散型粘度指数改进剂如选自各种甲基丙烯酸酯或其氢化产物的一或多种单体的聚合物或共聚物和分散型粘度指数改进剂如甲基丙烯酸酯和还含有氮化合物的各种甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
粘度指数改进剂的其它例子是非分散型或分散型乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物(其中所述α-烯烃可以是丙烯、1-丁烯或1-戊烯)或其氢化物、聚异丁烯或其氢化物、苯乙烯-二烯烃氢化共聚物、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、和聚烷基苯乙烯。
选择这些粘度指数改进剂的分子量需考虑其剪切稳定性。具体地,非分散型或分散型聚甲基丙烯酸酯的数均分子量优选为5 000至150000、更优选5 000至35 000。聚异丁烯或其氢化物的数均分子量为800至5 000、优选1 000至4 000。乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物及其氢化物的数均分子量为800至150 000、优选3 000至12 000。
这些粘度指数改进剂中,使用乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物或其氢化物有助于产生剪切稳定性极佳的润滑油组合物。
选自上述粘度指数改进剂的任一或多种化合物可以任意量掺入。粘度指数改进剂的含量一般为0.1至40.0%(质量),基于润滑油组合物之总量。
(J)防锈剂
防锈剂的例子包括链烯基琥珀酸、链烯基琥珀酸酯、多元醇酯、石油磺酸酯、和二壬基萘磺酸酯。
(K)阻蚀剂
可与本发明润滑油组合物组合使用的阻蚀剂可以是常作为阻蚀剂用于润滑油的任何化合物。所述阻蚀剂的例子包括苯并三唑-、甲苯基三唑-、噻二唑-、和咪唑-基化合物。
(L)降倾点剂
降倾点剂的例子是适用于润滑基油的聚甲基丙烯酸酯基聚合物。
(M)橡胶溶胀剂
橡胶溶胀剂的例子包括芳族化合物和硫基化合物。
(N)消泡剂
消泡剂的例子是硅氧烷如二甲基硅氧烷和氟硅氧烷。
本发明中,这些添加剂的含量可任意选择。但一般地,防锈剂、阻蚀剂、降倾点剂和橡胶溶胀剂的含量基于组合物之总量为0.005至3%(质量)。消泡剂的含量基于组合物之总量为0.0005至0.01%(质量)。
(6)最终产品的粘度
本发明润滑油组合物在100℃下的运动粘度优选为4至30mm2/s、更优选5至25mm2/s。
本发明润滑油组合物的抗磨性及抗咬合性极好,因而适合作为要求有此性能的润滑油,如汽车、建筑机械和农业机械用齿轮油,和自动或手动变速装置用润滑油。本发明润滑油组合物还适合作工业用齿轮油;汽车如两或四轮车辆、发电机和船舶的汽油发动机、柴油发动机、和燃气发动机用润滑油;涡轮机油;和压缩机油。
最佳实施方式
结合以下实施例和对比例更详细地描述本发明,但不限于此。
实施例1至7和对比例1至7
将表1或2中所示各种添加剂加至基油(100℃下的运动粘度为3.8mm2/s的矿物油)中制备各种润滑油组合物(表1中的实施例和表2中的对比例)。各添加剂的量均基于组合物之总量。
通过(1)抗磨试验和(2)疲劳寿命试验评价各润滑油组合物。这些评价试验的结果也示于各表中。为进行对比,通过相同试验评价商购润滑油组合物(表2中对比例5至7)。结果也示于表2中。
(1)抗磨性试验
用IAE齿轮油试验仪以下述方式评价各组合物的抗磨性。测量磨耗试验前后齿轮的重量。计算重量的减少量作为判定标准。
(磨合条件)
油温:               80℃
转速:               2 500rpm
负载:               380N
试验时间:           20min
(实际试验条件)
油温:               80℃
转速:               3 000rpm
负载:               380N
试验时间:           120min
(评定标准)
使用商购自动变速器油时,磨耗量在0至100mg的范围内。因而,如果磨耗量为100mg或更低,则评定组合物的抗磨性极好。
(2)疲劳寿命试验
用双缸型疲劳试验仪按以下方式评价各组合物的疲劳寿命。
(汽缸)
材料:               SCM436
形状:             Φ68mm×10mm
硬度:             SB3000至340
(试验条件)
圆周速度:          主动侧:12m/s
                    被动侧:10m/s
油温:              60℃
表面压力:          12MPa
(评定标准)
直至出现表面损伤如咬合所耗时间评定为疲劳寿命。如果组合物的疲劳寿命为50小时或更长,则评定组合物有长疲劳寿命。
由表1中所示结果可见,本发明润滑油组合物(实施例1至7)有优异的性能如优异的抗磨性和长疲劳寿命。
相反,从表2中所示结果可见,其组分(A)或(C)的含量低于本发明规定量的对比例1和4的组合物抗磨性差。其组分(B)的含量低于本发明规定量的对比例2和3的组合物因咬合导致疲劳寿命短。
对比例5和6的最常用商购齿轮油(SP基齿轮油)和对比例7的常用商购自动变速器油有短疲劳寿命。
                                          表1
  实施例
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7
  基油   矿物油   矿物油   矿物油   矿物油   矿物油   矿物油   矿物油
  添加剂(A)含硼无灰分散剂硼酸改性的琥珀酰亚胺 质量%(按B计) 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07
  (B)碱土金属清净剂磺酸钙(300BN)磺酸钙(10BN)   质量%(按Ca计) 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.24 0.07 0.12 0.14
  (C)碱金属硼酸盐水合硼酸钾   质量%(按B计) 0.007 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
  其它添加剂(*1)   质量%   15.0   15.0   15.0   15.0   15.0   15.0   15.0
  试验结果抗磨性(IAE齿轮试验)磨耗所致重量损失 mg 42 16 9 11 40 37 8
  疲劳寿命(双缸型试验仪)疲劳寿命 h 102 77 >120 >120 93 113 58
(*1)(D)不含硼的琥珀酰亚胺基无灰分散剂
(E)胺-和酯-基摩擦改性剂
(F)胺-和酚-基抗氧化剂
(H)磷基抗磨剂
(I)聚甲基丙烯酸酯基粘度指数改进剂
(J)聚甲基丙烯酸酯基降倾点剂
                                          表2
  对比例
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7
  基油   矿物油   矿物油   矿物油   矿物油 商购SP基齿轮油APIGL-5 商购SP基齿轮油APIGL-3 商购ATFDexron III型
  添加剂(A)含硼无灰分散剂硼酸改性的琥珀酰亚胺 质量%(按B计) 0.002 0.05 0.05 0.05
  (B)碱土金属清净剂磺酸钙(300BN)磺酸钙(10BN) 质量%(按Ca计) 0.14 0.005 0.005 0.14
  (C)碱金属硼酸盐水合硼酸钾 质量%(按B计) 0.04 0.04 0.04 -
  其它添加剂(*1)   质量%   15.0   15.0   15.0   15.0
  试验结果抗磨性(IAE齿轮试验)磨耗所致重量损失 mg 116 16 26 132 3 5 22
  疲劳寿命(双缸型试验仪)疲劳寿命 h 102 26 31 84 6 19 29
(*1)(D)不含硼的琥珀酰亚胺基无灰分散剂
(E)胺-和酯-基摩擦改性剂
(F)胺-和酚-基抗氧化剂
(H)磷基抗磨剂
(I)聚甲基丙烯酸酯基粘度指数改进剂
(J)聚甲基丙烯酸酯基降倾点剂
工业实用性
如前面所述,本发明润滑油组合物抗磨性极好,可通过抑制咬合或表面剥落延长疲劳寿命。因而,所述润滑油组合物适合作为要求有此性能的润滑油,如汽车、建筑机械和农业机械用齿轮油,和自动或手动变速装置用润滑油。本发明润滑油组合物还适合作工业用齿轮油;汽车如两或四轮车辆、发电机和船舶的汽油发动机、柴油发动机、和燃气发动机用润滑油;涡轮机油;和压缩机油。

Claims (6)

1.一种润滑油组合物,包括润滑基油、(A)基于组合物之总量按硼计含量为0.02至0.1质量%的含硼无灰分散剂、(B)基于组合物之总量按碱土金属计含量为0.01质量%至0.7质量%的碱值为0至500mgKOH/g的碱土金属基清净剂、和(C)基于组合物之总量按硼计为0.002至0.1质量%的碱金属硼酸盐或其水合物。
2.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中组分(C)为水合硼酸钾。
3.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中组分(A)为硼化合物改性的琥珀酰亚胺。
4.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中组分(B)为碱土金属磺酸盐或碱土金属水杨酸盐。
5.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中组分(B)为碱土金属钙。
6.权利要求1的润滑油组合物,其中所述组合物用于配有湿式离合器的自动变速装置。
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