CN1235017A - 毫微分散体在药物最终制剂中的用途 - Google Patents
毫微分散体在药物最终制剂中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1235017A CN1235017A CN99106368A CN99106368A CN1235017A CN 1235017 A CN1235017 A CN 1235017A CN 99106368 A CN99106368 A CN 99106368A CN 99106368 A CN99106368 A CN 99106368A CN 1235017 A CN1235017 A CN 1235017A
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Abstract
本发明公开了含有(a)膜-形成分子,(b)辅助乳化剂和(c)亲脂成分,的毫微分散体在药物最终制剂中的用途,该毫微分散体可通过(α)将组分(a),(b)和(c)混合直至得到均一澄清液体,并且(β)将步骤(α)得到的液体加到药物最终制剂的水相中而获得,步骤(α)和(β)在没有任何外加能量的情况下进行。根据本发明的毫微分散体适宜作药物活性剂的运输载体。
Description
本发明涉及毫微分散体(nanodispersions)在药物最终制剂中的用途,含有所述毫微分散体的药物最终制剂和这些最终制剂的不同药物用途。
药物最终制剂在这可以理解为含有用于形成药物最终制剂的基质物质外,还含有其它功能活性剂的制剂。将其(活性剂)加入药物基质制剂中并且可以用于治疗神经系统,内分泌系统,心血管系统,呼吸道,胃肠道,肾和外泌尿道,运动器官,免疫系统,皮肤和粘膜的疾病并可以治疗传染病。
为了使这些物质作用于所需部位,它们必须被运输到各自的部位。为了使其在作用部位的利用率到达最大,各种活性剂的应用可以通过所谓载体和运输载体(载体系统),例如混合的微胶粒,脂质体或毫微乳胶粒(毫微颗粒)来完成。活性剂的实例是两性霉素(NeXstar,Sequus,TLC),柔红霉素(NeXstar),阿霉素(Sequus),灭活的甲型肝炎(hepatitis A)病毒(Berna),或氯苯甲氧咪唑(Cliag)。通过所述载体系统应用这些活性剂可以有利于治疗如降低副作用或更好的接种效果。
令人惊奇地,现已发现所谓适宜组成的毫微分散体能够增强药物最终制剂中药剂的效力。
因此,本发明涉及在药物最终制剂中的毫微分散体的用途,该毫微分散体含有
(a)膜-形成分子
(b)辅助乳化剂及
(c)亲脂成分,
该亳微分散体可以通过下列方法获得:(α)将成分(a),(b)和(c)混合直至得到均一的澄清液体(所谓毫微分散体前相),和
(β)将步骤(α)得到的液体加到药物最终制剂的水相中,步骤(α)和(β)可以在不需要任何外加能量下进行。
步骤(α)常常在室温下进行,如果需要可以加热并在常压条件下进行。混合可以用标准的搅拌仪器进行,例如推进器,角式搅拌器或磁力搅拌器,并且不需要使用任何特殊的机械搅拌辅助设备。
将组分(a),(b)和(c)(=步骤(α))在无水介质中混合,即不需要加水。
步骤(β)通过步骤(α)得到的液体,毫微分散体前相加到药物最终制剂的水相中而完成。组分(a),(b)和(c)的选择可以直接导致超细,单分散的毫微分散体。在此情况下可能先通过喷射器,转子-定子搅拌器或超声均化器将其均化,常常完成粗分散体的转化或至少将多分散系转化为细的单分散系。步骤(β)的特征是不需要高剪切力或空化力。
步骤(β)通常在室温下进行,该温度是各自的油/水相转化温度(PIT)范围。
毫微分散体的特征是步骤(α)和(β)中含有平均直径<50nm,优选小于30nm的颗粒。分布是单分散并且符合高斯分布(方程)。
优选使用含有下列成分的毫微分散体,
(a)作为膜-形成分子的是适宜形成所谓双层(结构)的物质,
(b)作为辅助乳化剂的是易于形成油/水(O/W)结构的物质及,
(c)作为亲脂成分的是药物制剂中常用的亲脂剂。
毫微分散体优选含有作为组分(a)的磷脂,水合的或部分水合的磷脂,溶血磷脂,神经酰胺,或这些化合物的混合物,或这些化合物的盐
其中
R1是C10-C20酰基;
R2是氢原子或C10-C20酰基
R3是氢原子,2-三甲基氨基-1-乙基,2-氨基-1-乙基;未取代或被1个或多个羧基,羟基或氨基取代的C1-C5烷基;肌醇或甘油基。
C10-C20酰基优选含偶数个碳原子的直链C10-C20链烷酰基和含双键和偶数个碳原子的直链C10-C20链烯酰基。
含偶数个碳原子的直链C10-C20链烷酰基是,例如正十二烷酰基,正十四烷酰基,正十六烷酰基或正十八烷酰基。
含双键和偶数个碳原子的直链C10-C20链烯酰基是,例如6-顺或6-反,9-顺或9-反-十二碳烯酰基,十四碳烯酰基,十六碳烯酰基,十八碳烯酰基或二十碳烯酰基,优选9-顺-十八碳烯酰基(油酰基),以及9,12-顺-十八碳二烯酰基或9,12,15-顺-十八碳三烯酰基。
其中R3是2-三甲基氨基-1-乙基的式(1)磷脂的俗名是卵磷脂,且其中R3是2-氨基-1-乙基的式(1)磷脂的俗名是脑磷脂。适宜的实例是,例如天然存在的卵磷脂或脑磷脂,如从大豆或鸡蛋中得到具有不同或相同酰基的卵磷脂或脑磷脂,或其混合物。
式(1)的磷脂可以合成。“合成磷脂”用于定义对于R1和R2具有均一组成的磷脂。这种合成磷脂优选前面定义的卵磷脂和脑磷脂,其中酰基R1和R2具有所定义的结构并且从所定义的纯度大于95%的脂肪酸衍生而来。R1和R2可以相同或不同并且可以是不饱和的或饱和的。优选R1是饱和的,例如正十六烷酰基,和R2是不饱和的,如9-顺-十八碳烯酰基(油酰基)。
“天然存在的”磷脂的表达用于定义对于R1和R2没有均一组成的磷脂。这种天然磷脂例类似于卵磷脂和脑磷脂,其中酰基R1和R2是从天然存在的脂肪酸混合物衍生而来的。
“基本纯的”式(1)磷脂的要求是指按重量计式(1)磷脂大于90%,优选大于95%的纯度,该纯度可以通过适宜的测定方法测定,例如通过纸层析,薄层层析,HPLC或通过酶染色试验测定。
在式(1)磷脂中,R3定义为C1-C4烷基,例如甲基或乙基。优选甲基。
R3定义为被一个或多个羧基,羟基或氨基取代的C1-C5烷基是,例如2-羟基乙基,2,3-二羟基-正丙基,羧基甲基,1-或2-羧基乙基,二羧基甲基,2-羧基-2-羟基乙基或3-羧基-2,3-二羟基-正丙基,3-氨基-3-羧基-正丙基或2-氨基-2-羧基-正丙基,优选2-氨基-2-羧基乙基。
含有运些基团的式(1)磷脂可以以盐的形式存在,例如钠或钾盐。
其中R3是肌醇基或甘油基的式(1)磷脂是已知的,其名称分别为磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酰甘油。
式(1)磷脂中的酰基通常是已知的,且其名称在括号中给出:
9-顺-十二碳烯酰基(月桂烯酰基),9-顺-十四碳烯酰基(肉豆蔻脑酰基),9-顺-十六碳烯酰基(棕榈油酰基),6-顺-十八碳烯酰基(岩芹酰基),6-反-十八碳烯酰基(反岩芹酰基),9-顺-十八碳烯酰基(油酰基),9-反-十八碳烯酰基(反油酰基),9,12-顺-十八碳二烯酰基(亚油酰基),9,12,15-顺-十八碳三烯酰基(亚麻酰基),11-顺-十八碳烯酰基(十八碳烯酰基vaccenoyl),9-顺-二十碳烯酰基(顺式二十碳烯酰基),5,8,11,14-反-二十碳四烯酰基(花生四烯酰基),正十二烷酰基(月桂酰基),正十四烷酰基(肉豆蔻酰基),正十六烷酰基(棕榈酰基),正十八烷酰基(硬脂酰基),正二十烷酰基(花生酰基),正二十二烷酰基(山俞酰基),正二十四烷酰基(二十四烷酰基lignoceroyl)。
式(1)磷脂的盐优选可药用的。盐是指在取代基R3上存在盐-形成基团及在磷原子上有游离羟基。也可能形成内盐。优选碱金属盐,特别优选的是钠盐。
在本发明的具体优选方案中,使用从大豆得到的纯卵磷脂是优质LIPOID S100或S75,或在美国药典单行本USP 23/NF 18上定义的卵磷脂。
组分(a)的浓度优选是基于组分(a),(b)和(c)总重量的0.1至30%重量比。
组分(b)优选为可形成优选的油/水(O/W)结构的乳化剂或乳化剂混合物。
特别优选的乳化剂是
-脂肪酸的碱金属,铵和胺盐。其实例是锂,钠,钾,铵,三乙胺,乙醇胺,二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺盐。优选使用钠,钾或铵(NR1R2R3)盐,其中R1,R2和R3分别为氢原子,C1-C4烷基或C1-C4羟基烷基。
-饱和或不饱和的烷基硫酸盐,如十二烷基硫酸钠和链烷基磺酸盐如十二烷基磺酸钠;
-肠酸盐,如胆酸钠,甘胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠;
-转化皂液(四倍),如氯化zetyl吡啶鎓;
-脱水山梨糖醇的部分脂肪酸酯,如脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯;
-脂肪酸糖酯,如蔗糖单月桂酸酯;
-烷基葡萄糖甙,如正辛基葡萄糖甙或十二烷基葡萄糖甙;
-烷基麦芽糖甙,如十二烷基麦芽糖甙;
-脂肪酸部分甘油酯,如月桂酸单甘油酯;
-C8-C18甜菜碱,C8-C24烷基酰氨基-C1-C4亚烷基甜菜碱和C8-C18硫代甜菜碱;
-蛋白质,如酪蛋白;
-脂肪酸聚甘油酯;
-脂肪酸丙二醇酯;
-脂肪酸乳酸盐,如硬脂酰乳酰基-2-乳酸钠;
-脂肪醇磷酸酯。
特别优选聚氧乙烯型的乳化剂。这类乳化剂的实例是:
-聚乙氧基脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,如多乙氧基醚;
-聚乙氧基脂肪醇,如oleth 20;
-聚乙氧基脂肪酸,如硬脂酸-20-聚烃氧基酯;
-聚乙氧基维生素E衍生物,如维生素E聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯;
-聚乙氧基羊毛脂和羊毛脂衍生物,如laneth-20;
-聚乙氧基脂肪酸部分甘油酯,如二乙二醇单硬脂酸酯;
-聚乙氧基烷基苯酚,如乙基酚聚(乙二醇醚)11;
-聚乙氧基脂肪醇半硫酸酯和其盐,如C12-C14脂肪醇醚硫酸-2-EO-钠盐;
-聚乙氧基脂肪胺和脂肪酰胺;
-聚乙氧基碳水化合物
-环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物,如poloxamer 188。
根据本发明使用的毫微分散体中的组分(b)的浓度是基于组分(a),(b)和(c)总重量的约1-约50%重量比。
组分(c)优选天然或合成或半合成的二或三甘油酯,矿物油,硅油,蜡,脂肪醇,格尔伯特醇或其酯,治疗油,亲脂药物活性剂或这些物质的混合物。
已经发现适宜药用的活性剂,尤其是在Arzneimittekompendium1997中发现的。活性剂的实例是:
镇痛药,抗酸/溃疡治疗剂,抗过敏药,补血药,抗抑郁药,抗糖尿病药,止泻药,解毒药/戒毒药/催吐药,止吐药/抗眩晕药(antivertiginosa),抗癫痫药,抗出血药,抗高血压药,抗低张药(antihypotonic agent),抗感染药,抗凝血药,抗风湿药/抗炎药,食欲抑制剂,β阻断剂,支气管扩张药,胆碱能药,皮肤病药,消毒药,诊断剂,营养药,利尿药,血流刺激剂,胃肠病药,痛风治疗药,感冒治疗药,妇科病药,抗痔药,激素,镇咳药,安眠药,免疫剂,静脉输注液,心脏病治疗药,避孕药,造影剂,肾上腺皮质激素,轻泻药,肝和胆治疗剂,脂质代谢剂,局部麻醉药,偏头痛治疗剂,无机盐代谢制剂,肌肉松弛剂,麻醉药,安定药,牙科病药,眼科病药,耳鼻喉科病药(ORL),抗帕金森氏病药,精神刺激药,镇静药,解痉药,强身/强壮剂,精神安定药,抗结核病药,泌尿病药,静脉曲张制剂,愈合剂和zytostaticagents剂。
根据本发明使用的毫微分散体中组分(c)的浓度优选基于组分(a),(b)和(c)总重量的0.1-80%重量比。
根据本发明使用的毫微分散体可任意地含有可选择的组分(d)的加溶剂,优选C2-C8醇,如乙醇或丙二醇。
含有组分(a),(b),(c)和任选的(d)的毫微分散体具有优异的溶解活性药剂的相特性。因此如果其是乳白色的并在入射光中是透明的,仅有轻微的混浊则说明该分散体还是完全不同于真正的分子溶液的理想状态。电子显微镜成像显示出现在高斯分布中总数98%以上为悬浮颗粒(毫微颗粒)其颗粒的大小为小于50nm,典型地小于30nm。但是,这种与真正溶液的区别是允许的,因为可以证明分散体具有特别好的均一性,例如,具有令人惊异的高储藏稳定性,如在高于室温的温度下储藏数月未分离(推算的最佳稳定性:超过两年)。
激光散射测定法和电子显微镜分析(Cryo-TEM)证实了毫微分散体中的毫微颗粒是非常小的并有优异的均一性。
根据本发明使用的毫微分散体的另一个优点是它们易于制备。
根据本发明的以权利要求1为特征的毫微分散体可用于药物最终制剂中。
本发明也涉及以步骤(α)为特征的毫微分散体前相,它可通过在无水介质中将下列组分混合直至获得均一澄清的液体而获得:
(a)膜-形成分子,
(b)辅助乳化剂,
(c)亲脂组分及,任选地,
(d)C2-C8醇,优选丙二醇和更优选乙醇。
根据本发明,毫微分散体前相或毫微分散体可直接用于药物最终制剂中。
药物最终制剂优选为液体,半固体或固体制剂。
液体药物最终制剂的实例是注射液,输注液,滴液,喷雾剂,气雾剂,乳剂,洗液,悬浮液,可饮用液,漱口药和吸入剂。
半固体药物最终制剂的实例是软膏,乳剂(O/W乳剂),浓乳剂(W/O乳剂),胶体,洗剂,泡沫,糊剂,悬浮剂,小泡(ovula),膏药,包括透皮制剂。
固体药物最终制剂的实例是片剂,包衣片剂,胶囊,颗粒剂,泡腾颗粒,泡腾片,锭剂,吸入和咀嚼片,栓剂,植入剂,冷冻干燥制剂,吸附剂或粉剂。
本发明也涉及这些最终制剂。
最终制剂中所含毫微分散体的浓度是0.01-100重量比,优选0.05至20重量比,更优选0.1至10%重量比。
为了制备液体或半固体药物最终制剂(实施例20至29),将毫微分散体掺入最终产品的含水组分中。也可以用毫微分散体前相代替毫微分散体加入到药物最终制剂的水相中。在搅拌下将毫微分散体前相加入水相中并优选在各自的油/水相转化温度(PIT)下进行。
固体药物产品,如片剂(实施例30),泡腾片,包衣片,颗粒,泡腾颗粒和糊剂用喷雾或淋湿的方法包衣或装载。在某些情况下脱水形式的毫微分散体更易于掺入列固体混合物中。毫微分散体通常通过在常用赋形剂存在下冷冻或喷雾干燥法脱水。胶囊,特别是弹性明胶胶囊也可以装载毫微分散体前相(实施例31)。
基质或膜-缓释药物应用系统,如渗透泵缓释胶囊,透皮系统,可注射微胶囊或植入剂均可通过常规方法装载毫微分散体。渗透泵缓释胶囊也可以装载毫微分散体前相。
除了提供药物剂型的赋形剂外,药物最终制剂还可以含有其它成分,例如稳定剂防腐剂如对羟苯甲酸酯类(parabenes),抗氧化剂和芳香化合物,香料和调色剂。
用于治疗的药物最终制剂优选治疗神经系统,内分泌系统,心血管系统,呼吸道,胃肠道,肾和外泌尿道,运动器官,免疫系统,皮肤和粘膜的疾病,也可用于治疗传染病,肿瘤和维生素和无机盐缺乏病。
新的药物最终制剂优选通过以下途径应用:表皮,颊,舌,舌下,肠内(=口服),直肠,鼻,肺,经吸入法,结膜,阴道,尿道,心内,动脉内,静脉内,腰髓内,鞘内,关节内,皮内,皮下,肌肉内和腹膜内给药。
在下列实施例中,百分比为重量比。除非另有说明,化合物的量基于纯物质的用量。
毫微分散体前相的制备实施例
实施例1:Miglyol 812毫微分散体前相
大豆卵磷脂 17.30%
多乙氧基醚 34.00%
miglyol 812 34.50%
乙醇 14.20%
制备:将miglyol 812与多乙氧基醚混合。将大豆卵磷脂溶解在乙醇中并加到该混合物中,得到均一的澄清液体。
实施例2:Miglyol 812毫微分散体前相
大豆卵磷脂 17.30%
oleth-20 34.00%
miglyol 812 34.50%
乙醇 14.20%
制备:在加热下,将miglyol 812与oleth-20混合。将大豆卵磷脂溶解在乙醇中并加到该混合物中,得到均一的澄清液体。
实施例3:Miglyol 812毫微分散体前相
大豆卵磷脂 17.30%
laneth-20 34.00%
miglyol 812 34.50%
乙醇 14.20%
制备:在加热下,将miglyol 812与laneth-20混合。将大豆卵磷脂溶解在乙醇中并加到该混合物中,得到均一的澄清液体。
实施例4:Miglyol 812毫微分散体前相
大豆卵磷脂 17.30%
维生素E乙二醇琥珀酸酯 34.00%
(维生素ETPGS,Eastman)
miglyol 812 34.50%
乙醇 14.20%
制备:在加热下,将miglyol 812与维生素E乙二醇琥珀酸酯混合。将大豆卵磷脂溶解在乙醇中并加到该混合物中,得到均一的澄清液体。
实施例5:维生素E乙酸酯毫微分散体前相
大豆卵磷脂 9.00%
多乙氧基醚 34.00%
维生素E乙酸酯 36.60%
miglyol 812 13.00%
乙醇 7.40%
制备:将miglyol 812,维生素E乙酸酯和多乙氧基醚混合。将大豆卵磷脂溶解在乙醇中并加到该混合物中,得到均一的澄清液体。
实施例6:维生素A棕榈酸酯毫微分散体前相
大豆卵磷脂 17.30%
多乙氧基醚 34.00%
维生素A棕榈酸酯(1.7×166IU/g) 4.50%
miglyol 812 30.00%
乙醇 14.20%
制备:将维生素A棕榈酸酯,miglyol 812和多乙氧基醚混合。将大豆卵磷脂溶解在乙醇中并加到该混合物中,得到均一的澄清液体。
实施例7:水杨酸十三烷基酯毫微分散体前相
大豆卵磷脂 11.00%
多乙氧基醚 26.00%
水杨酸十烷基酯 40.50%
miglyol 812 13.50%
乙醇 9.00%
制备:将水杨酸十三烷基酯,miglyol 812和多乙氧基醚混合。将大豆卵磷脂溶解在乙醇中并加到该混合物中,得到均一的澄清液体。
毫微分散体制备实施例
实施例8:Miglyol 812毫微分散体
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
多乙氧基醚 3.40%
miglyol 812 3.45%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6 加到100.00%
制备:在50℃和搅拌下(如磁力搅拌器)将水相(如90kg)放置在容器中。在搅拌下(磁力搅拌器)将实施例1中制备的液体毫微分散体前相(如10kg)加到水相中。
实施例9:Miglyol 812毫微分散体
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
oleth-20 3.40%
miglyol 812 3.45%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6加到100.00%
用与实施例8相似的方法制备毫微分散体。
实施例10:Miglyol 812毫微分散体
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
laneth-20 3.40%
miglyol 812 3.45%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6加到100.00%
用与实施例8相似的方法制备毫微分散体。
实施例11:Miglyol 812毫微分散体
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯 3.40%
(维生素ETPGS,Eastman)
miglyol 812 3.45%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6加到100.00%
用与实施例8相似的方法制备毫微分散体。
实施例12:右泛醇毫微分散体
右泛醇 5.00%
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
多乙氧基醚 3.40%
miglyol 812 3.45%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6 加到100.00%
制备:在50℃和搅拌下(如磁力搅拌器)将含有右泛醇的水相(如90kg)放置在容器中。在搅拌下(磁力搅拌器)将实施例1中制备的液体亳微分散体前相(如10kg)加到水相中。
实施例13:右泛醇毫微分散体
右泛醇 5.00%
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
多乙氧基醚 3.40%
miglyol 812 3.45%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH7.4 加到100.00
用与实施例12相似的方法制备毫微分散体。
实施例14:维生素E乙酸酯毫微分散体
维生素E乙酸酯 2.00%
大豆卵磷脂 0.49%
多乙氧基醚 1.86%
miglyol 812 0.71%
乙醇 0.63%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6 加到100.00%
制备:在50℃和搅拌下(如磁力搅拌器)将水相(如94.54kg)放置在容器中。在搅拌下(磁力搅拌器)将实施例5中制备的液体毫微分散体前相(如5.46kg)加到水相中。
实施例15:维生素E乙酸酯毫微分散体
维生素E乙酸酯 2.00%
大豆卵磷脂 0.49%
多乙氧基醚 1.86%
miglyol 812 0.71%
乙醇 0.63%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH7.4 加到100.00%
用与实施例14相似的方法制备毫微分散体。
实施例16:维生素A棕榈酸酯毫微分散体
维生素A棕榈酸酯(1.7×106IU/g) 0.45%
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
miglyol 812 3.00%
多乙氧基醚 3.40%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6 加到100.00%
用与实施例8相似的方法制备毫微分散体。
实施例17:维生素A棕榈酸酯毫微分散体
维生素A棕榈酸酯(1.7×106IU/g) 0.45%
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
miglyol 812 3.00%
多乙氧基醚 3.40%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH7.4 加到100.00%
用与实施例8相似的方法制备毫微分散体。
实施例18:活血素毫微分散体
活血素 1.00%
大豆卵磷脂 1.73%
多乙氧基醚 3.40%
miglyol 812 3.45%
乙醇 1.42%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6 加到100.00%
制备:在50℃和搅拌下(如磁力搅拌器)将含有活血素的水相(如90kg)放置在容器中。在搅拌下(磁力搅拌器)将实施例1中制备的液体毫微分散体前相(如10kg)加到水相中。
实施例19:水杨酸十三烷基酯毫微分散体
水杨酸十三烷基酯 4.05%
大豆卵磷脂 1.10%
多乙氧基醚 2.60%
miglyol 812 1.35%
乙醇 0.90%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH6 加到100.00%
制备:在50℃和搅拌下(如磁力搅拌器)将水相(如90kg)放置在容器中。在搅拌下(磁力搅拌器)将实施例7中制备的液体毫微分散体前相(如10kg)加到水相中。
毫微分散体中颗粒的大小和颗粒大小的分布列于表1中。
表1 | |||
毫微分散体 | 颗粒直径1[nm] | 标准偏差[nm] | 颗粒大小分布 |
Miglyol 812毫微分散体实施例8 | 13.8 | 4.1 | 高斯 |
右泛醇毫微分散体实施例12 | 19.7 | 5.4 | 高斯 |
维生素E乙酸酯毫微分散体实施例14 | 12.2 | 5.5 | 高斯 |
维生素A棕榈酸酯毫微分散体 实施例16 | 10.1 | 3.9 | 高斯 |
活血素毫微分散体实施例18 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 高斯 |
水杨酸十三烷基酯毫微分散体 实施例19 | 16.3 | 6.6 | 高斯 |
1颗粒直径和颗粒大小分布通过激光散射法确定(Nicomp370Submicron Particle Sizer,数量加权)
下表显示毫微分散体还具有优异的储藏稳定性:
右泛醇毫微分散体(实施例12)
表2 | |||||
储存条件 | pH | 直径2[nm] | 标准偏差[nm] | 右泛醇3含量[%] | |
时间[月] | 温度[℃] | ||||
0 | 6.1 | 19.7 | 5.4 | 5.37 | |
3 | 72540 | 6.16.16.3 | 19.022.236.6 | 6.77.714.2 | 5.365.325.23 |
6 | 72540 | 6.16.26.4 | 20.824.135.4 | 7.39.217.7 | 5.305.265.20 |
2颗粒直径和颗粒大小分布通过激光散射法确定(Nicomp370Submicron Particle Sizer,体积加权)
3右反醇含量通过HPLC确定
维生素E乙酸酯毫微分散体(实施例14)
表3 | |||||
储存条件 | pH | 直径4[nm] | 标准偏差[nm] | 维生素E乙酸酯5含量[%] | |
时间[月] | 温度[℃] | ||||
0 | 6.1 | 12.2 | 5.5 | 2.04 | |
3 | 72540 | 6.16.16.0 | 16.117.515.4 | 6.67.06.8 | 2.022.042.01 |
6 | 72540 | 6.16.06.0 | 17.017.620.8 | 6.97.27.9 | 2.042.032.02 |
4颗粒直径和颗粒大小分布通过激光散射法确定
5维生素E乙酸酯含量通过HPLC确定
含毫微分散体或毫微分散体前相的药物最终制剂的制备实施例
实施例20:5%右泛醇缓释剂型的非气溶胶喷雾剂
实施例12的毫微分散体 100%
该制剂有非常好的抗炎作用。
实施例21:右泛醇维生素E乙酸酯洗剂
蜂蜡乳化西土马哥(cera emulsificans cetomacrogolis) 3.0%
油酸油烯基酯(oleylium oleinicum) 6.0%
丙二醇(propylene glycolum) 3.0%
实施例12的毫微分散体 10.0%
实施例14的毫微分散体 10.0%
纯水 加到100.0%
该制剂具有很好的抗炎作用。
实施例22:2.5%右泛醇滴眼液
甘露糖醇 4.7%
实施例13的毫微分散体 50.00%
10mm磷酸缓冲,pH7.4 加到100.00%
该制剂有很好的抗炎作用。
实施例23:0.1%维生素A棕榈酸酯乳膏
鲸蜡醇 10.00%
氢化花生油 20.00%
多乙氧基醚60(polysorbate 60) 5.00%
丙二醇 20.00%
苯氧乙醇 0.50%
实施例16的毫微分散体 23.00%
纯水 加到100.00%
该制剂有很好的维生素A作用
实施例24:0.1%维生素A棕榈酸酯气雾剂
EDTA钠盐 0.05%
甘露糖醇 4.7%
实施例17的毫微分散体 23.00%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH7.4 加到100.00%
该制剂有很好的维生素A作用。
实施例25:1.0%水杨酸十三烷基酯软膏
柠檬酸 0.75%
氨水溶液 0.09%
中链甘油酯 5.00%
alcoholum lanae aquosum DAB 9软膏 40.00%
实施例19的毫微分散体 25.00%
纯水 加到100.00%
该制剂具有很好的角质化细胞的作用。
实施例26:0.5%活血素水凝胶
羧甲基纤维素钠450cP 3.50%
实施例18的毫微分散体 50.00%
纯水 加到100.00%
该制剂易于冷却并具有很好的消炎作用。
实施例27:1.0%活血素缓释剂型非气溶胶喷雾剂
实施例18的毫微分散体 100.00%
该制剂具有很好的抗炎作用。
实施例28:维生素E乙酸酯可饮用安瓿
柠檬酸 0.40%
葡萄糖 7.5%
香料 0.50%
实施例14的毫微分散体 50.00%
纯水 加到100.00%
该制剂具有很好的抗氧化作用。
实施例29:维生素E乙酸酯注射液
甘露糖醇 4.7%
实施例15的毫微分散体 75.00%
10mm磷酸缓冲液,pH7.4 加到100.00%
该制剂具有很好的抗氧化作用。
实施例30:维生素E乙酸酯片剂
羟丙甲基纤维素(methocel E4M CR级) 15.00%
硬脂酸镁 0.70%
维生素E乙酸酯6 1.00%
乳糖 加到100.00%
该制剂具有很好的抗氧化作用。
实施例31:维生素E乙酸酯弹性明胶胶囊
将实施例5的毫微分散体前相填充到弹性明胶胶囊中。
该制剂具有很好的抗氧化作用。
6维生素E乙酸酯在制粒过程中以毫微分散体形式掺入,即将实施例14的毫微分散体作粒化液使用。
Claims (27)
1.用毫微分散体制备药物最终制剂的方法,该毫微分散体含有
(a)膜-形成分子
(b)辅助乳化剂及
(c)亲脂成分,
该方法包括(α)将成分(a),(b)和(c)混合直至得到均一的澄清液体(所谓毫微分散体前相),和
(β)将步骤(α)得到的液体加到药物最终制剂的水相中,步骤(α)和(β)可以在不需要任何外加能量下进行。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于步骤(α)在无水介质中进行。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于步骤(β)不需要均化而进行。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体中颗粒的平均直径<50nm。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体含有,
(a)作为膜-形成分子的是适宜形成所谓双层结构的物质,
(b)作为辅助乳化剂的是易于形成油/水结构的物质及,
(c)作为亲脂成分的是亲脂活性剂。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体含有作为组分
(a)磷脂,水合的或部分水合的磷脂,溶血磷脂,神经酰胺,或它们的混合物。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体中组分(a)的浓度是基于组分(a),(b)和(c)总重量的0.1至30%重量比。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体含有作为组分
(b)的聚氧乙烯型的乳化剂,饱和和不饱和C8-C18烷基硫酸盐,C8-C20脂肪酸的碱金属,铵或胺盐,C8-C20链烷基磺酸盐,脂肪醇磷酸盐,肠酸盐,转化皂液(quats);山梨糖醇的部分脂肪酸酯,脂肪酸糖酯,脂肪酸部分甘油酯,烷基麦芽糖甙,烷基葡萄糖甙,C8-C18甜菜碱,C8-C18硫代甜菜碱,或C8-C24烷基酰氨基-C1-C4亚烷基甜菜碱,蛋白质,脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯,脂肪酸丙二醇酯,脂肪酸乳酸酯或这些物质的混合物。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体含有作为组分
(b)的至少一种聚氧乙烯型乳化剂。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体含有作为组分
(b)的聚乙氧基山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,聚乙氧基脂肪醇,聚乙氧基脂肪酸,聚乙氧基维生素E衍生物聚乙氧基羊毛脂和其衍生物,聚乙氧基脂肪酸部分甘油酯,聚乙氧基烷基苯酚,硫酸半酯,聚乙氧基脂肪醇和其盐,聚乙氧基脂肪胺和脂肪酸酰胺,聚乙氧基碳水化合物,环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物。
11.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于根据本发明的毫微分散体中组分(b)的浓度是基于组分(a),(b)和(c)总重量的1至50%重量比。
12.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体中含有作为组分
(c)的天然或合成或部分合成的二-或三甘油酯,矿物油,硅油,蜡,脂肪醇,格尔伯特醇或其酯,亲脂功能药物活性剂或这些物质的混合物。
13.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于根据本发明的毫微分散体中组分(c)的浓度是基于组分(a),(b)和(c)总重量的0.1至80%重量比。
14.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于毫微分散体含有作为组分
(d)的C2-C8醇。
15.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于药物最终制剂是液体,半固体或固体制剂。
16.含有权利要求1定义的毫微分散体的液体药物最终制剂是注射液,输注液,滴液,喷雾剂,气雾剂,乳剂,洗液,悬浮液,可饮用液,漱口药或吸入剂。
17.含有权利要求1定义的毫微分散体的半固体药物最终制剂是软膏,乳剂(油/水(O/W)乳剂),浓乳剂(水/油(W/O)乳剂),胶体,洗剂,泡沫,糊剂,悬浮剂,小泡或膏药。
18.含有权利要求1定义的毫微分散体的固体药物最终制剂是片剂,包衣片剂,胶囊,颗粒剂,泡腾颗粒,泡腾片,锭剂,吸入和咀嚼片,栓剂,植入剂,冷冻干燥制剂,吸附剂或粉剂。
19.含有权利要求1定义的毫微分散体的基质-或膜-缓释药物给药系统是渗透泵缓释胶囊,透皮系统,可注射微胶囊。
20.根据权利要求16的药物最终制剂,其中毫微分散体在水相中。
21.根据权利要求16的药物最终制剂,其中毫微分散体在水相中的浓度是0.01至100%重量比。
22.根据权利要求18的药物最终制剂,其中毫微分散体是其本身。
23.根据权利要求16的药物最终制剂,其中毫微分散体是其本身。
24.根据权利要求18的药物最终制剂,其中毫微分散体是脱水形式。
25.毫微分散体前相,该毫微分散体前相是通过将下列组分
(a)膜-形成分子,
(b)辅助乳化剂和
(c)亲脂成分
混合直至得到均一澄清的液体而获得,混合在无水介质中进行。
26.根据权利要求25的毫微分散体前相,其特征在于混合是在没有任何外加能量的条件下进行的。
27.毫微分散体,其中包括
(a)膜-形成分子,
(b)辅助乳化剂和
(c)亲脂成分,
该毫微分散体可通过下列方法获得
(α)将成分(a),(b)和(c)混合直至得到均一的澄清液体,和
(β)将步骤(α)得到的液体加到水相中,步骤(α)和(β)可以在不需要任何外加能量下进行。
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US8103450B2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2012-01-24 | Sony Corporation | Navigation apparatus and navigation processing method |
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SG71923A1 (en) | 2000-04-18 |
EP0956853B1 (de) | 2005-12-14 |
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US20030190347A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
ES2253871T3 (es) | 2006-06-01 |
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BR9902068A (pt) | 2000-06-06 |
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JP4755742B2 (ja) | 2011-08-24 |
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AR019274A1 (es) | 2002-02-13 |
DE59912910D1 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
CN1220483C (zh) | 2005-09-28 |
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EP0956853A2 (de) | 1999-11-17 |
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US7871642B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 |
AU767896B2 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
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