CN1231593A - 作为渗透促进剂的乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯 - Google Patents
作为渗透促进剂的乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1231593A CN1231593A CN97198274A CN97198274A CN1231593A CN 1231593 A CN1231593 A CN 1231593A CN 97198274 A CN97198274 A CN 97198274A CN 97198274 A CN97198274 A CN 97198274A CN 1231593 A CN1231593 A CN 1231593A
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Abstract
本发明公开了可促进药物传递的透皮给药体系,该体系包括作为促进剂的乳酸盐的一种或多种C5-C21脂肪酸酯。这些组合物是由含有渗透促进赋形剂中的有效安全量的活性药物透膜体制成,所示渗透促进赋形剂包括0.25—50%(重量)的乳酸盐脂肪酸酯促进剂,这种促进剂存在于适当的由水乳液型压敏粘合剂制成的压敏粘合剂载体赋形剂中。
Description
本申请是申请于1996年10月30日的共同待决专利申请系列号08/741,071的部分继续。
发明领域
本发明涉及乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯作为渗透促进剂在基质贴剂给药装置中的应用。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种或多种脂肪酸与乳酸盐所成的酯,当它们与水乳液型压敏粘合剂一起配制成基质贴剂装置时,在多种活性透膜体(permeant)的透皮给药中作为渗透促进剂的应用。
发明背景与现有技术
药物的透皮给药正日益成为一种优选的给药方式而被广泛接纳。
药物的透皮给药具有常规口服给药所没有的许多优越性。透皮体系的优点包括:便利性、治疗的不间断性、改善的患者依从性、可逆性处理(通过除去皮肤上的给药体系)、消除“肝脏首过”效应、对任意的特定药物血药浓度的高度控制以及相应减少了的副作用。
虽然透皮体系具有多种优点,但多数药物并不适宜以此方式给药,这归因于众所周知的皮肤屏蔽性。分子要从外环境进入并穿过完整的皮肤须首先穿过角质层和任何位于其表面的物质。进而,分子需穿过活性表皮、乳突状真皮以及随后的毛细管壁,以进入体循环。在此过程中,上述各种组织将使相同分子的通透作用遭受到不同的阻抗。然而,对局部用组合物或透皮用药物的吸收可产生最大屏蔽作用的是角质层。作为皮肤角性最外层的角质层为复合结构的致密角化细胞,其剩余部分被脂质结构域分隔开。与口腔或胃粘膜相比,外来分子更不易渗透过角质层。
药物透过皮肤的通量可以通过改变a)阻抗(扩散系数),或b)驱动力(药物在角质层中的溶解性以及相应的扩散梯度)来加以提高。业已开发出许多促进剂组合物来改变上述因素中的一种或若干种,并且为所属领域公知。例如,美国专利号4,006,218、3,551,154和3,472,931分别描述了二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)及N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)在促进局部涂敷用药物透过角质层而被吸收中的应用。在美国专利4,973,468中,由二甘醇一乙醚或二甘醇一甲醚与单月桂酸丙二醇酯和月桂酸甲酯组成的促进剂可合用于增强甾类化合物,例如孕激素和雌激素的透皮给药。美国专利4,820,720中公开了由甘油单月桂酸酯和乙醇组成的用于药物透皮给药的双组分促进剂。美国专利5,006,342列出了多种透皮药物给药的促进剂,这些促进剂由C2-C4链烷二醇的脂肪酸酯或脂肪醇醚组成,其中所述酯/醚的脂肪酸部分/醇部分各自具有约8-22个碳原子。美国专利4,863,970描述了局部涂敷用的通透促进组合物,该组合物包括:含在通透促进性赋形剂中的活性透膜体,所述通透促进性赋形剂含有一种或数种特定量的细胞膜干扰化合物、C2或C3链烷醇及惰性稀释剂,所述细胞膜干扰化合物例如是油酸、油醇和油酸甘油酯;所述惰性稀释剂例如是水。
美国专利5,122,383、5,212,199和5,227,169公开了长链脂肪酸脱水山梨糖醇酯在作为皮肤渗透促进剂中的应用。利用乳酸的脂肪醇酯来促进皮肤渗透则见于美国专利5,154,122、国际专利申请公开95/09006和Dohi等人在化学药物通报,38(1990年10月)所发表的“乳酸肉豆蔻基酯和乳酸月桂基酯对消炎痛经皮吸收的促进效应”。美国专利5,314,649也提供了脂肪酸醇酯(即月桂醇和乳酸的酯)用作渗透促进剂组分的参考内容。
国际专利96/37231建议说,酰基乳酸酯可用作药物传递的渗透促进剂。该专利具体指出了脂肪酰基与乳酸的酯,例如己酰基乳酸和月桂酰乳酸的酯。其中还声称,酰基乳酸酯的盐不能成为有效的渗透促进剂。
美国专利4,940,586描述了脂肪酸蔗糖酯的皮肤渗透促进作用。美国专利4,888,354则提及由药物的游离碱与酸加成盐结合而成的通透促进剂。美国专利5,164,190描述了通过载体内的亚饱和方式实现的药物促进作用。
美国专利4,849,224、4,983,395、5,152,997和5,302,395提供了用于药物透皮给药的封闭式粘合装置,即贴剂。这些贴剂为储库或基质的形式,在下文中将更全面地对它们进行详细描述来表征。
许多促进剂体系具有副作用,例如毒性、皮肤刺激性以及与配制透皮体系所用药物或其它组分的不相容性。
美国专利4,855,294公开了可减轻药物/促进剂组合物对皮肤的刺激作用的组合物,该组合物含有经皮吸收药物,二元促进剂组合物及一定量的足够产生抗刺激效应的甘油,所述二元促进剂组合物由溶剂与一种细胞膜干扰化合物组成。
人们所期待的促进剂组合物应是那些在确保药物组合物穿过皮肤屏障的同时还有利于湿润性、稳定性和表皮总活性的组合物。具有适当湿润的角质层的皮肤会因其含有充足的键合水而在被触摸时显得光滑、柔软并富有弹性。水含量的1%的变化足以调整皮肤的弹性和渗透性。适当的皮肤水合作用也可以促进药物穿过角质层的透皮给药。
已知脂肪酸的乳酸酯和羟乙酸酯可用作头发调理剂,这公开在美国专利3,728,447中。此外,由C6-C22脂肪酸制备的脂肪酸乳酸酯及它们的盐也已知应用在化妆品中,它们具有与皮肤蛋白复合的能力。参见Murphy等人在“化妆品中的酰基乳酸酯”,D&CI(5,1978)35页和Murphy等人在“无线示踪器实验记录中头发和皮肤对酰基乳酸酯的吸收作用”,化妆品学及盥洗用品学,94(3,1979)43-49。酰基乳酸酯或酰基羟乙酸酯与皂类或合成洗涤剂合用于皮肤调理型洗涤皂中已公开在美国专利4,198,311中。美国专利4,761,279声称,乳酸脂肪酸酯的盐可以用作剃须膏制剂内众多组成之一。
在美国专利4,422,952中,羊毛脂基乳酸酯被用作油包水乳液中的化妆品载体或药物赋形剂,例如用于软膏、香脂、膏霜及类似物中。这些酯类物质不产生任何生理学作用。
美国专利4,822,601涉及具有治疗性质的化妆品用基质组合物,该组合物包括蔗糖脂肪酸酯和脂肪酸乳酸酯,以及可有可无的牛油树脂。涂敷在皮肤上后,表皮层的增厚标志着皮肤更加健康,而且干燥程度较低。据证实,局部涂敷这种组合物还可增强损伤愈合性,并降低对紫外光的敏感性。
在美国专利5,427,772和国际专利96/37231中,广泛总结了有关酰基乳酸酯的现有技术及它们在化妆品应用中的特性。
上述文献却无一声明、建议或证实:乳酸盐的脂肪酯在作为渗透促进剂与压敏粘合剂(PSA)结合而成活性药物试剂的基质装置中的应用。
发明目的及概述
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种促进药物透皮给药的组合物,该组合物具有良好的皮肤耐受性,并且其皮肤毒性或刺激性的风险也很小。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种药物透皮给药的组合物,该组合物含有与乳液型压敏粘合剂相结合的乳酸盐的一种或数种C7-C22脂肪酸酯作为促进剂。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种促进不同药物透皮给药的方法,该方法利用乳酸盐的一种或多种C7-C22脂肪酸酯作为促进剂并与水乳液型压敏粘合剂合用时,所述药物既可具有疏水性和亲水性两者之一,也可两者兼具。
本发明上述的以及其它的目的可以通过透皮给药的组合物以及这种组合物对人或动物组织体不产生或仅产生极小皮肤刺激作用的方式来实现,所述组合物由多种亲脂性或亲水性药物活性试剂及其盐组成。本发明所提供的通透性透皮组合物基于:在适当的水乳液型压敏载体赋形剂(carrier vehicle)中,将药物活性试剂溶解或混合于通透促进量的乳酸盐的一种或多种C6-C22脂肪酸酯(下文将全面描述)中。适当的压敏粘合剂随后详述。
所述的药物、促进剂和压敏粘合剂的结合物包含在封闭装置内,目的在于将该组合物固定在皮肤或粘膜表面上用于给药。这种装置通常是用于粘着在皮肤表面上的基质形式的贴剂。
因此,本发明并不限于任何一种或多种具体的透膜体,但却包括所有治疗活性的化合物以及它们的应用,所谓应用是指它们如上文全面描述的那些反应。本发明还包括可同时给药的透膜体混合物。
本发明还涉及通过将有效量的与促进剂体系和压敏粘合剂相结合的透膜体涂敷在人或动物对象皮肤上的方式来实施的治疗方法。
在给药体系中,透膜体、乳酸盐脂肪酸酯和压敏粘合剂的结合物优选限于是基质形式的给药贴剂。这种贴剂应含有封闭背材。优选实施例详述
下列定义将在本发明描述中有效,并且无需反复解释。
在本文中,术语“促进作用”“通透促进作用”或“渗透促进作用”是指皮肤增加了对药物的渗透性,从而提高了药物渗透过皮肤的速率。可以观察到,增强的渗透作用受到所用促进剂的影响,例如,利用扩散池装置来测定药物穿过动物或人皮肤的扩散速率。Merritt等人在“用于皮肤通透作用的扩散装置”,可控释放杂志(J.of Controlled Release),1(1984),161-162页中对扩散池进行了描述。
所谓“透皮”给药是指透皮或经皮给药,即药物经过通道穿过皮肤的给药。所以,术语“皮肤”、“真皮”、“表皮”以及类似术语应该是可互换使用的,除非有特别说明。
所谓“涂敷部位”是指耳后或臂、后胸、胃部、腿、足顶等的适合局部涂敷的部位,所述局部涂敷可以通过机械性连续释药装置、贴剂或敷料的方式,也可不采用此类方式。
术语“透膜体”或“药物”是指任何适合透皮给药的化学原料或化合物,它可通过自“涂敷部位”的全身性给药来提供所需的生物学或药理学作用。这些物质包括广泛种类的、通常需经体表(例如皮肤)给药的化合物。通常,这包括所有重要医疗领域的治疗性试剂,其中包括但不限于:抗感染药(例如抗生素和抗病毒剂)、镇痛剂和联合镇痛药、食欲降低物(anorexic)、止泻剂、抗组胺药、抗炎剂、抗偏头痛制剂、抗运动性疾病的试剂、止吐剂、抗肿瘤药、抗震颤麻痹药、止瘁剂、抗精神病药、解热剂、解痉剂(包括胃肠解痉和泌尿解痉)、抗胆硷能药、拟交感神经药、黄嘌呤衍生物、心血管制剂(包括钙通道阻断剂)、β-阻断剂、抗心律失常药、抗高血压药、利尿剂、血管舒张药(包括总冠状血管、末梢血管和脑血管的舒张)、中枢神经系统兴奋剂(包括咳嗽中枢神经和冷感中枢神经的兴奋)、减充血剂、诊断剂、激素、免疫抑制剂、肌肉松弛药、抗副交感神经药、拟副交感神经药、口腔心理学药物、镇静剂和安定药。术语“透膜体”还可以包括混合物。所谓混合物是指不同种类透膜体的混合物、同类透膜体的混合物以及相同透膜体或来自同类或不同类的相异透膜体的游离碱及盐的混合物。
所谓药物或透膜体的“有效”量是指无毒但足够产生所需全身性作用的化合物用量。此处渗透促进剂的“有效”量是指所选的量能够使透皮渗透性、渗透深度、给药速率和药量达到预期的增加。所谓的羟乙酸或其盐的脂肪酸酯或任何其它促进剂或载体组分的“有效”量是指有利于特定给药体系达到系统预期给药时的量。
所谓“给药体系”、“药物/促进剂组合物”或任何相似的术语都是指含有需透皮释放的药物的配制组合物,所述药物与“载体”或“赋形剂”、通透促进剂、赋形剂或任何其它添加剂相结合。
术语“基质”、“基质贴剂”或“基质体系”是指均匀结合在生物相容性压敏粘合剂内的活性透膜体,所述压敏粘合剂中含有可有可无的其它组分,或者还均匀地溶解或悬浮有促进剂。基质体系常常为封闭式粘贴剂,它具有一个不透性背膜以及在透皮施用前位于背膜反胶面的可释衬垫。因此,基质体系是一种处于粘合剂载体内的药物组合物的单位剂型,它还含有促进剂,以及其它用于维持粘合剂内药物组合物与表皮或皮肤间药物传递关系的配制组分。带有非封闭性背材的粘贴剂也属于本发明的范围,除非另有说明。
本发明组合物最低限度地需要透膜体在载体赋形剂中产生全身性效应,所述载体赋形剂含有作为促进剂的乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯。这种载体赋形剂是从水乳液制得的压敏粘合剂。此外,乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯可以与其它促进剂合用,例如细胞膜干扰化合物。
已知细胞膜干扰化合物在局部用药物制剂中十分有效。这些化合物被认为可通过对角质层细胞膜的脂质结构的干扰而有助于皮肤通透。在上文现有技术部分所引用的专利中,公开了此类化合物的代表性物质,这些文献在此作为参考。
制备酯类所用的乳酸盐如下式所示:其中a为1-4的整数,b为1或2,并且M为1价或2价的形成可药用盐的抗衡离子。例如,碱金属、碱土金属、铵和胺盐皆为适用的抗衡离子。它们的代表物为:碱金属盐,例如钠盐和钾盐;碱土金属盐,例如镁盐和钙盐;铵和胺盐。所述胺可以是伯胺、仲胺或叔胺,并且可以为烷基、芳基、烷芳基和芳烷基的胺,其中烷基和链烯基是指直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的具有1-22个碳原子的链,所谓芳基是指具有芳香性的碳环或杂环基团。所谓芳烷基和烷芳基是烷基和芳基的任意结合物。
制备酯类所用的脂肪酸是由式RCOOH所代表的那些,其中R为直链或支链的C5-C21烷基链或链烯基链,并且可以含有羟基取代基。优选直链C8-C18烷基、链烯基或羟基取代的烷基或链烯基链。其R为烷基的饱和酸代表物为己酸、辛酸、癸酸、十二烷酸、十四烷酸、十六烷酸、十八烷酸及类似物,其R为链烯基的不饱和酸代表物为十六碳烯酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、蓖麻酸、花生四烯酸及类似物。可以采用酸的混合物,其中包括饱和酸与不饱和酸的混合物。
乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯如下式所示:其中R、M、a和b如上述定义。优选M是形成盐的抗衡离子,它应选自一组由钠、钾、钙、镁和铵或胺盐组成的一员。由于在现有技术中已描述了乳酸盐的这些脂肪酸酯,所以无需进一步的定义。此类化合物有时也被称作酰基乳酸盐,可购自R.I.T.A.公司(Woodstock,伊利诺丝州),它们的商品名称为Pationic。此类化合物中的一些常常被用在食品工业中,这归因于它们具有发面的性质,并且其它物质也已用作化妆品中的乳化剂、头发调理剂和皮肤湿润剂。
特别优选的乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯选自一组由十二烷酰乳酸钠、十二烷酰乳酸钾、己酰乳酸钠、椰酰基乳酸钠、十二烷酰乳酸的三丁醇胺盐及类似物。
当用作促进剂时,乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯在促进剂/载体体系中的用量范围介于约0.25-50重量%之间。促进剂的有效量可以改变,这取决于许多因素,例如药物的亲水性/疏水性、药物浓度等。在所有体系中,优选的用量在约0.25-30重量%的范围内。最优选的促进剂含量应在约0.5-15重量%的范围内,这与具体的体系无关。
在基质体系中,粘合剂的含量在50-99.75重量%范围内,并且优选70-99.5重量%。促进剂也均匀地溶解或悬浮在粘合剂基质中,并且促进剂的含量在约0.25-50重量%,优选0.5-30重量%,最优选0.5-15重量%的范围内。
适用的水乳液型压敏粘合剂是高分子粘合剂体系,其中的粘合性聚合物悬浮、乳化或分散在水中,形成两相体系。适合的水乳液型压敏粘合剂可以包括:丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂或“丙烯酸粘合剂”,(例如国家淀粉Nacor 72-9965、Monsanto Gelva 2484、MortonMorstick 214和Rhom&Haas Robond PS-20)。适合的丙烯酸粘合剂还可以从乳化的丙烯酸分散体(例如BASF Acronal A217)制得,配制中采用适当的水相容或水分散的增粘剂,例如聚乙烯甲基醚(例如BASF Lutonal M40)。适合的水乳液粘合剂还可以包括橡胶型乳液或胶乳“橡胶粘合剂”,例如聚异丁烯或“PIB胶”(例如LordPIB 500或BL-100),或苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶粘合剂或“SBR粘合剂”(例如国家淀粉Nacor 72-8725),配制橡胶粘合剂时还可以采用或不采用水相容的或水分散的增粘剂(例如BASF Lutonal和HerculesTacolyn)。适用的水乳液型压敏粘合剂也可以包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物粘合剂(例如国家淀粉EVA-TACK 33-4060)。然而,还可以采用任何其它适当的水乳液型压敏粘合剂,这些压敏粘合剂在使用时与活性透膜体及促进剂相容。
上述水乳液型粘合剂溶液可以选择性含有增稠剂,以便控制粘度,增稠剂的量在0-30重量%范围内。当使用增稠剂时,其含量在约0.1-30%,优选0.1-20%的范围内。适用的增稠剂包括亲水性聚合物,例如羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟基乙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、葡聚糖、瓜耳胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮共聚物、果胶、淀粉、明胶、酪蛋白、丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、聚氨酯、乙烯基聚合物、乙烯基共聚物、乙烯醇、烷氧基聚合物、聚环氧乙烷聚合物、聚醚及类似物。
水乳液压敏粘合剂也可以任选地含有消泡剂、湿润剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、填充剂或颜料。
此外,甘油可以作为抗刺激剂或调整活性透膜体的传递来加入。并且甘油的量在0-30重量%范围内。当使用甘油时,其含量在约5-30%,优选10-20%的范围内。
在不对制剂功能产生副作用的条件下,药物传递组合物可以包括其它在皮肤病用制剂中常用的试剂和成分。它们的例子包括但不限于:香料、缓和剂(pacifier)、防腐剂、抗氧化剂和类似物。
所属领域专业人员可理解,可以极大地改变此类组合物中其它组分的相对含量。例如,在所施用的组合物中,药物含量将取决于众多因素,它们包括但不限于:待治疗的疾病或病症、药物的性质、药物活性、预期效应、涂敷部位、可能的副反应、药物的费用和有效性,药物的溶解性、以及其它由患者和医师所特定了解的因素。
本发明的涂敷方法可以在一些限度下有所变化,但必须包括:将所选用的药物组合物涂敷在皮肤或其它组织上,从而开始药物的传递,并且药物传递应以相对不变的速率持续进行一段时间,以充分提供所需的药理学或生物学反应。当涂敷在“涂敷部位”以全身性给药时,该方法可以涉及使用任何适当的基质型给药装置。
基质式装置应与皮肤上的涂敷部位相接触,并且由适当的粘合剂将它原地固定在皮肤的涂敷部位上。
可以理解,虽然本发明已结合特定的优选实施方案加以描述,但下列内容只是说明但不对本发明的范围起限定作用。本发明的其它方面对于所属领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。
实施例
下列实施例涉及药物活性物质与乳酸盐脂肪酸酯的结合使用,其中活性物质的透皮渗透作用基本上因乳酸盐脂肪酸酯的存在而增强。下列实施例用于说明这些促进剂对酸性、碱性和非离子型药物透皮渗透作用的促进功效,但应理解的是,本发明不仅限于这些实施例所含有的药物。粘合剂基质的制备
按照下列步骤制备压敏粘合剂基质体系。首先,将重量已知的溶液放置在已称重的铝盘内,并将其在对流烘箱内和70℃下过夜,以蒸发掉溶剂,从而测定出粘合剂溶液(基于水或有机溶剂)的固体含量。干燥后的粘合剂固体重量除以起始溶液的总重量,就可以计算出溶液的固体粘合剂含量。其次,将定量称重的粘合剂溶液置于玻璃瓶中,以制备干燥基质膜组合物所需的量称取药物、渗透促进剂以及其它赋形剂,并将它们加入到粘合剂溶液中。随后将含有粘合剂聚合物、药物以及其它必需的赋形剂的溶液混合过夜。混合后,将近8ml的该溶液分散在硅烷化聚酯释放衬垫上,并用浇铸刀进行膜浇铸,浇铸刀缝隙的大小应适于得到约0.05mm的干燥成品厚度。所得浇铸膜在70℃的对流烘箱内干燥,以蒸除所有的溶剂,从而得到干燥的基质(有机溶剂型粘合剂需15分钟,水乳液型粘合剂需30分钟)。最后,将厚0.08mm的封闭性聚乙烯背膜层压在干的粘合剂基质上,随后用这些体系来进行下列体外皮肤通量试验。储库或游离形式的水醇凝胶的制备
按下列方法制备10ml规模的水醇凝胶。以适当的配比将乙醇(190检验乙醇)、水、甘油、促进剂和药物掺和,并混合数小时。加入胶凝剂(羟丙基纤维素)并将该溶液在高剪切下短时间混合,进而在低剪切条件下混合,直至形成凝胶为止。皮肤通量试验
体外皮肤通量试验采用死人的表皮膜,并在改进的Franz非套层扩散池内进行。按照Kligman&Christopher(皮肤科文献88:702(1963))所述方法,从整皮(表皮膜及真皮)分离下表皮膜(角质层和表皮层)。该方法包括:将厚度完整的皮肤在60℃的水中暴露60秒。此后,轻轻剥落下真皮外的表皮膜,将其储存在-5℃的铝箔中以备后用。
在基质体系的每次渗透试验前,先将基质体系切为面积为0.7cm2的圆形样品,并揭去硅烷化释放衬垫。粘合剂被固定在解冻表皮膜的角质层一侧,随后将膜切为适当的尺寸,并适度夹在扩散池的两半之间,条件是角质层面向供体隔室。接收隔室中充入水或适于保持药物沉降条件的水溶液。接收溶液都含有0.02%(w/w)的叠氮化钠(NaN3),目的在于抑制细菌生长。扩散池放置在温度可控的循环水浴中,水浴温度校准在能够使皮肤的表面温度保持在32℃。用位于接收隔室内的磁搅拌棒恒速搅拌接收隔室,该搅拌棒是由水浴下方的磁搅拌模块来带动。
用定量封闭剂型来进行水醇凝胶渗透试验。所述的封闭剂型是一种适用的体外模型,它可用于含有液态或凝胶状储库的透皮贴剂药物体系。
定量封闭剂型的试验可以按下列过程建立。在皮肤渗透试验前,将表皮膜切成适当的大小,并且放置在扩散池的两个隔室之间,条件是表皮一侧面向接收隔室。接收隔室被充入适当的溶液,随后将扩散池置于循环水浴中,水浴温度校准在使皮肤表面温度保持在32℃,并且使其水合过夜。水合后,凝胶样品(75μl)被吸移到空穴内,该空穴是由于在角质层表面放置的聚乙烯洗涤物而造成的。用封闭背膜覆盖该空穴并适度夹紧。
水溶液的渗透试验采用含有过量固体药物(剂量不限)的预饱和药物溶液。在皮肤渗透试验开始前,按照上述方法将表皮膜水合过夜。水合后,将均匀混合的样品水溶液(1ml)吸移到供体隔室内,该供体隔室是由位于角质层表面上方的夹合在一起的玻璃盖构成。进而用Teflon衬垫的聚丙烯帽封闭该玻璃盖。
下列取样方法适合于所有剂型。在预定的取样时间点,收集接收隔室内的全部内容物,用于药物的定量,并且在接收隔室内再充入新鲜溶液,同时仔细消除在皮肤/溶液界面间的气泡。任意时刻t的药物渗透过单位面积的累积量(Qt,μg/cm2)按下式计算: 其中CN是药物在相应取样时刻的接收样品内的浓度(μl/ml),V是接收隔室内流体的体积(~6.3cm3),A是池的扩散面积(0.64cm2)。
如上所述,国际专利96/37131认为酰基乳酸是渗透促进剂,而且特别报导说其盐形式不是有效的渗透促进剂。所属领域技术人员可以一般认为,盐和游离酸可以就地互相转化,因此,若游离酸可用作促进剂,则该酸的盐形式也是促进剂。但对于乳酸的脂肪酸酯,情况并不如此。下列实施例证实了意料外的发现,当由水乳液型压敏粘合剂来配制,或者甚至配制为乳酸盐脂肪酸酯的水溶液、水醇凝胶及溶剂型压敏粘合剂的制剂时,与乳酸脂肪酸酯相比,乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯独特地具有促进剂的作用。因此,酰基乳酸盐与水乳液压敏粘合剂的结合使用可以产生出意料外且不寻常的透皮给药结合作用。实施例1
用睾丸素作为模型药物,对饱和水溶液中十二烷酰乳酸的游离酸形式和其钠盐形式进行渗透促进作用的比较评估。用柠檬酸/磷酸盐缓冲剂(CAPB)将上述溶液的氢离子浓度调节为pH 3或pH 6。基于十二烷酰乳酸的pKa(pKa=4.5),可以推测出,pH 3的CAPB中,97%以上的所溶十二烷酰乳酸应以未解离游离酸形式存在,而在pH6的CAPB中,97%以上的所溶十二烷酰乳酸应为解离形式。
在pH 3(制剂1-A)和pH6(制剂1-B)下制备未促进的睾丸素饱和溶液。促进制剂是用2%十二烷酰乳酸钠分别在pH 3(制剂1-C)和pH 6(制剂1-D)缓冲溶液中制得。参比促进制剂是用十二烷酰乳酸分别在pH 3(制剂1-E)和pH 6(制剂1-F)条件下制得。所有制剂对于药物和促进剂都是饱和的。上述溶液的体外皮肤渗透试验的结果概括在表1-1和1-2中。
表1-1 | ||||||
皮肤来源 | 制剂1-A未促进的pH 3 | 制剂1-C2%十二烷酰乳酸钠未解离型apH3 | 制剂1-B未促进的pH 6 | 制剂1-D2%十二烷酰乳酸钠解离型bpH 6 | ||
Q24 | Q24 | E | Q24 | Q24 | E | |
1-Ⅰ | 6.9±4.8(n=5) | 15.7±1.9(n=5) | 2.3 | 7.6±0.6(n=5) | 21.7±1.6(n=5) | 2.9 |
1-Ⅱ | 9.6±4.1(n=5) | 16.5±3.5(n=5) | 1.7 | 8.2±3.1(n=5) | 30.9±8.7(n=5) | 3.7 |
1-Ⅲ | 18.7±5.2(n=5) | 22.4±3.8(n=5) | 1.2 | 19.0±8.2(n=5) | 47.3±2.5(n=5) | 2.5 |
所有皮肤 | 11.7±8.2 | 18.2±3.7 | 1.7±0.5 | 11.6±6.4 | 33.3±13.0 | 3.0±0.6 |
a在此pH条件下,>97%的十二烷酰乳酸以未解离游离酸形式存在
b在此pH条件下,>97%的十二烷酰乳酸以解离盐形式存在
表1-2 | ||||||
皮肤来源 | 制剂1-A未促进的pH 3 | 制剂1-E2%十二烷酰乳酸未解离型apH 3 | 制剂1-B未促进的pH 6 | 制剂1-F2%十二烷酰乳酸解离型bpH 6 | ||
Q24 | Q24 | E | Q24 | Q24 | E | |
1-Ⅳ | 4.6±0.5(n=5) | 9.9±1.1(n=5) | 2.2 | 4.7±0.9(n=5) | 17.7±0.3(n=4) | 3.7 |
1-Ⅴ | 6.5±1.3(n=4) | 9.7±1.3(n=5) | 1.5 | 5.9±1.8(n=5) | 22.0±3.1(n=5) | 3.7 |
1-Ⅵ | 18.0±6.9(n=3) | 27.2±9.2(n=4) | 1.5 | 18.0±2.7(n=5) | 33.1±7.0(n=4) | 1.8 |
所有皮肤 | 9.7±7.3 | 15.6±10.0 | 1.7±0.4 | 9.5±7.4 | 24.3±7.9 | 3.1±1.1 |
参照制剂表明,缓冲水溶液的pH对未促进制剂中睾丸素渗透作用的影响并不明显。十二烷酰乳酸的游离酸和盐形式皆表现出显著的渗透促进作用,并且解离的形式(pH 6)比未解离的形式(pH 3)具有更强的渗透促进作用。不论起始物质是盐或游离酸,而所观察到的渗透促进作用几乎相同的现象表明:在固定pH下加入水溶液中时,十二烷酰乳酸的盐和游离碱基本等当量。这与游离酸及其盐形式应表现出基本相同的结果的推测是一致的。实施例2
用睾丸素作为模型药物,对水醇凝胶制剂中十二烷酰乳酸的游离酸形式与其钠盐形式进行渗透促进作用的比较评估。用氢氧化钠或盐酸将上述凝胶的氢离子浓度调节为pH 3或pH 8。基于十二烷酰乳酸的pKa(pKa=4.5),有理由估计,pH 3条件下几乎全部十二烷酰乳酸以未解离游离酸的形式存在,而在pH 8条件下几乎所有十二烷酰乳酸为解离的形式。在配比为65/35%(v/v)的乙醇/水溶液中,制备pH 3(制剂2-A)和pH 8(制剂2-B)睾丸素的未促进溶液(15mg/ml)。促进制剂是用2%(w/v)十二烷酰乳酸钠分别在pH 3(制剂2-C)和pH 8(制剂2-D)溶液中制得。参比促进制剂是用2%(w/v)十二烷酰乳酸分别在pH 3(制剂2-E)和pH 8(制剂2-F)中制得。每种溶液都用3%(w/v)羟丙基纤维素(Klucel HF)胶凝。所有制剂中的药物和促进剂完全溶解。上述凝胶的体外皮肤渗透试验的结果概括在表2-1和2-2中。
表2-1 | ||||||
皮肤来源 | 制剂2-A未促进的pH 3 | 制剂2-C2%十二烷酰乳酸钠未解离型apH 3 | 制剂2-B未促进的pH 8 | 制剂2-D2%十二烷酰乳酸钠解离型bpH 8 | ||
Q24 | Q24 | E | Q24 | Q24 | E | |
2-Ⅰ | 129.1±29.1(n=5) | 287.7±43.5(n=5) | 2.2 | 118.5±30.6(n=5) | 149.0±42.0(n=5) | 1.3 |
2-Ⅱ | 150.8±21.1(n=5) | 372.3±28.5(n=5) | 2.5 | 141.9±20.0(n=5) | 195.6±13.3(n=5) | 1.4 |
所有皮肤 | 140.0±15.3 | 330.0±59.8 | 2.4±0.2 | 130.0±16.6 | 172.3±33.0 | 1.4±0.1 |
表2-2 | ||||||
皮肤来源 | 制剂2-A未促进的pH 3 | 制剂2-E2%十二烷酰乳酸未解离型apH 3 | 制剂2-B未促进的pH 8 | 制剂2-F2%十二烷酰乳酸解离型bpH 8 | ||
Q24 | Q24 | E | Q24 | Q24 | E | |
2-Ⅰ | 87.9±22.1(n=5) | 173.4±38.6(n=5) | 2.0 | 56.4±15.4(n=5) | 113.5±15.0(n=5) | 2.0 |
2-Ⅱ | 191.3±56.1(n=5) | 525.3±74.9(n=5) | 2.8 | 179.8±46.0(n=4) | 237.1±40.3(n=5) | 1.3 |
所有皮肤 | 139.6±73.1 | 349.4+248.8 | 2.4±0.6 | 118.1±87.3 | 175.3±87.4 | 1.7±0.5 |
未促进的参照制剂表明,凝胶的pH对未促进制剂中睾丸素渗透作用的影响并不明显。
十二烷酰乳酸的游离酸和盐形式皆表现出显著的渗透促进作用,并且未解离的形式(pH 3)比解离的形式(pH 8)具有更强的渗透促进作用。不论起始物质是十二烷酰乳酸盐或游离酸,而所观察到的渗透促进作用几乎相同的现象表明:在固定pH下加入水醇凝胶体系时,十二烷酰乳酸的盐和游离酸形式基本等当量。这与基于游离酸及其盐互换性的预测是一致的。实施例3
用雌二醇作为模型药物,对有机溶剂型压敏粘合剂中的十二烷酰乳酸的游离酸形式与钠盐形式进行渗透促进作用的比较评估。将适量雌二醇掺入到压敏粘合剂(国家淀粉2516)中,得到98.5/1.5%(w/w)的干燥粘合剂/雌二醇组合物(制剂3-A)。含有1.5%雌二醇和96.5%粘合剂的参比制剂用2.0%的十二烷酰乳酸(制剂3-B)或十二烷酰乳酸钠(制剂3-C)制得。所有药物和促进剂彻底溶解在整个制剂中。利用这些干燥粘合剂基质进行的体外皮肤渗透试验的结果列于表3-1中。
表3-1 | |||||
皮肤来源 | 制剂3-A未促进的 | 制剂3-B2%十二烷酰乳酸 | 制剂3-C2%十二烷酰乳酸钠 | ||
Q24 | Q24 | E | Q24 | E | |
3-Ⅰ | 5.0±1.0(n=4) | 7.9±1.9(n=4) | 1.6 | 5.4±0.9(n=4) | 1.1 |
3-Ⅱ | 4.7±0.7(n=4) | 10.0±1.6(n=4) | 2.1 | 6.5±0.8(n=4) | 1.4 |
3-Ⅲ | 5.0±1.1(n=4) | 7.2±1.1(n=4) | 1.5 | 8.2±0.8(n=4) | 1.6 |
所有皮肤 | 4.9±0.2 | 8.4±1.5 | 1.7±0.4 | 6.7±1.4 | 1.4±0.3 |
这些结果表明,当在有机溶剂型丙烯酸压敏粘合剂中与丁螺环酮游离碱共用时,十二烷酰乳酸的钠盐形式的渗透促进作用不如其游离酸形式的有效。实施例4
用盐酸丁螺环酮作为模型药物,对水乳液型丙烯酸压敏粘合剂(PSA)中十二烷酰乳酸的钾盐(R.I.T.A.公司,Woodstock,IL)形式进行渗透促进作用的评估。将适当量的盐酸丁螺环酮掺入到水乳液型粘合剂(Nacor 72-9965)中,得到干燥的95/5%(w/w)粘合剂/药物组合物(制剂4-A)。含有5%丁螺环酮和93%粘合剂的参比制剂用2.0%的十二烷酰乳酸钾(制剂4-B)制得。所有药物和促进剂完全溶解在整个制剂中。利用这些干燥粘合剂基质进行的体外皮肤渗透试验的结果列于表4-1中。
表4-1 | |||
皮肤来源 | 制剂4-A未促进的 | 制剂4-B2%十二烷酰乳酸钾 | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
4-Ⅰ | 94.3±18.8(n=5) | 149.8±23.9(n=5) | 1.6 |
4-Ⅱ | 57.8±8.2(n=5) | 98.1±25.7(n=5) | 1.7 |
4-Ⅲ | 93.0±8.4(n=5) | 148.7±17.1(n=5) | 1.8 |
所有皮肤 | 81.7±20.7 | 132.2±29.5 | 16±0.1 |
这些结果表明,当配制在乳液型压敏粘合剂中时,钾盐形式,即十二烷酰乳酸钾盐也是意料外的有效渗透促进剂。实施例5
用丁螺环酮的游离碱作为模型药物,对有机溶剂型丙烯酸压敏粘合剂中十二烷酰乳酸的钾盐形式进行渗透促进作用的评估。将适当量的丁螺环酮掺入到有机溶剂型粘合剂(Duro-tak 2516)中,得到干燥的98/2%(w/w)粘合剂/药物组合物(制剂5-A)。含有2%丁螺环酮和96%粘合剂的参比制剂用2%的十二烷酰乳酸钾(制剂5-B)制得。所有药物和促进剂完全溶解在整个制剂中。利用这些体系进行的体外皮肤渗透试验的结果列于表5-1中。
表5-1 | |||
皮肤来源 | 制剂5-A未促进的 | 制剂5-B2%十二烷酰乳酸钾 | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
5-Ⅰ | 138.1±7.9(n=5) | 117.8±8.2(n=5) | 0.9 |
5-Ⅱ | 107.1±14.2(n=5) | 88.0±14.7(n=5) | 0.8 |
5- Ⅲ | 62.4±6.8(n=5) | 51.7±7.0(n=5) | 0.8 |
所有皮肤 | 102.5±38.1 | 85.8±33.7 | 0.8±0.1 |
上述结果表明,当与有机溶剂型丙烯酸压敏粘合剂合用时,钾盐形式不是有效的渗透促进剂。这与实施例4观察的结果相反,实施例4中十二烷酰乳酸钾当与水乳液型压敏粘合剂合用时发挥出意料外的有效渗透促进作用。实施例6
用盐酸丁螺环酮作为模型化合物来对具有不同脂肪酸链长的脂肪酸乳酸钠盐进行评估。用水乳液型压敏丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂(Nacor 72-9965,国家淀粉和化学品,新泽西)与盐酸丁螺环酮配制浓度2%(w/w)的未促进制剂(制剂6-A)。脂肪酸乳酸盐都购自R.I.T.A公司(Woodstock,伊利诺丝),并且包括C12(十二烷酰乳酸钠,Pationic 138C)、C10(癸酰乳酸钠,Pationic 122A)、由椰子油制得的C12-C18脂肪酸混合物(椰酰基乳酸钠,Pationic SCL)。利用这些含量为2.5%(w/w)的脂肪酸乳酸盐(制剂6-B、C和D)的体外皮肤渗透实验结果如表6-1所示。
表6-1 | |||||||
皮肤来源 | 制剂6-A98/2%Q24 | 制剂6-B十二烷酰乳酸钠(C12)95.5/2/2.5%(w/w) | 制剂6-C癸酰乳酸钠(C10)905/2/2.5%(w/w) | 制剂6-D椰酰乳酸钠(C12-C10)*9.5/2/2.5%(w/w) | |||
Q24 | Q24 | E | Q24 | E | Q24 | E | |
6-Ⅰ | 18±12(n=5) | 36±18(n=5) | 1.9 | 31±15(n=5) | 1.7 | 38±16(n=5) | 2.1 |
6-Ⅱ | 9.5±5(n=5) | 21±3(n=5) | 2.2 | 16±3(n=5) | 1.7 | 13±2.4(n=5) | 1.4 |
所有皮肤(平均) | 14±10(n=10) | 29±14(n=10) | 2.1±0.2 | 23±13(n=10) | 1.7±0.04 | 26±17(n=10) | 1.7±0.5 |
*由椰油衍生得到的脂肪酸,C14、C12、C18以及其它物质组成的混合物
如表6-1所示,所有被测脂肪酸乳酸盐都有效增加了丁螺环酮自基质体系的渗透作用。从乳酸衍生物(制剂6-B)可观测到最有效的促进作用,由此认为,C12脂肪酸的链长是用作渗透促进剂的优选脂肪酸乳酸盐。实施例7
另外,还评估脂肪酸乳酸盐对碱性抗高血压药物-可乐定的游离碱及其盐酸加成盐形式的渗透促进作用。基质体系的制备采用(a)存在于98%(w/w)水乳液型丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂(Nacor 72-9965,国家淀粉和化学品公司,新泽西)中的2%(w/w)盐酸可乐定(制剂7-A),和(b)存在于98%(w/w)水乳液型乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物粘合剂(EVA-TAK 33-4060,国家淀粉和化学品公司,新泽西)中的2%(w/w)盐酸可乐定(制剂7-C),(c)水乳液型聚异丁烯和丁基胶乳混合的粘合剂(33%BL-100、65%PIB-500,Lord公司,PompanoBeach,佛罗里达)(制剂4-7),和(d)存在于98.3%(w/w)有机溶剂型丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂(Duro-Tak 2516,国家淀粉和化学品公司,Bridgewater,新泽西)中的1.7%(w/w)可乐定游离碱(制剂7-G)。促进制剂的制备则是相对加入作为促进剂的2.5%(w/w)十二烷酰乳酸钠(Pationic 138C,R.I.T.A.公司,Woodstock,伊利诺丝),并且减少所用的粘合剂来作为补偿(分别为制剂7-B、7-D、7-F和7-H)。药物和促进剂完全溶于整个所有制剂中。未促进的和促进体系的体外皮肤渗透作用结果如表7-1、7-2、7-3和7-4所示。
表7-1(存在于Nacor 72-9965粘合剂中的盐酸可乐定) | |||
皮肤来源 | 制剂7-A98/2%(w/w) | 制剂7-B十二烷酰乳酸钠95.5/2/2.5%(w/w) | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
7-Ⅰ | 12.2±3.2(n=5) | 31.8±1.3(n=5) | 2.6 |
7-Ⅱ | 5.7±2.6(n=5) | 9.9±3.1(n=5) | 1.7 |
7-Ⅲ | 9.1±2.8(n=4) | 16.2±8.5(n=5) | 1.8 |
7-Ⅳ | 7.1±4.2(n=5) | 16.7±6.4(n=5) | 2.3 |
所有皮肤 | 8.5±3.9(n=19) | 18.7±9.7(n=20) | 2.1±0.4 |
表7-2(存在于EVA-TAK 33-4060中的盐酸可乐定) | |||
皮肤来源 | 制剂7-C98/2%(w/w) | 制剂7-D十二烷酰乳酸钠95.5/2/2.5%(w/w) | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
7-Ⅴ | 36.7±16.8(n=5) | 123.5±32.9(n=5) | 3.4 |
7-Ⅵ | 8.2±5.9(n=5) | 20.5±7.1(n=5) | 2.5 |
7-Ⅶ | 9.2±1.5(n-3) | 13.2±2.4(n=5) | 1.4 |
所有皮肤 | 19.4±17.6(n=13) | 52.4±55.1(n=15) | 2.4±1.0 |
表7-3(存在于PIB/丁基胶乳粘合剂中的盐酸可乐定) | |||
皮肤来源 | 制剂7-E33/65/2%(w/w) | 制剂7-F十二烷酰乳酸钠32/63.5/2.5%(w/w) | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
7-Ⅷ | 13.2±6.1(n=5) | 23.2±5.9(n=5) | 1.8 |
7-Ⅸ | 7.2±0.9(n=4) | 17.0±2.3(n=4) | 2.4 |
所有皮肤 | 10.5±5.3(n=9) | 20.5±5.5(n=9) | 2.1±0.4 |
表7-4(存在于Duro-Tak 87-2516粘合剂中的可乐定碱) | |||
皮肤来源 | 制剂7-G98.3/1.7%(w/w) | 制剂7-H十二烷酰乳酸钠95.8/1.7/2.5%(w/w) | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
7-Ⅹ | 37.0±5.1(n=5) | 43.8±4.9(n=5) | 1.18 |
7-Ⅺ | 65.2±27.5(n=5) | 49.9±5.5(n=5) | 0.77 |
所有皮肤 | 51.1±23.9(n=10) | 46.8±5.9(n=10) | 0.92±0.29 |
表7-1、7-2和7-3证明,十二烷酰乳酸钠在所有被测水乳液型基质体系中始终都是有效的促进剂,与未促进的参照物相比,它可以使可乐定的渗透作用增加约2倍多。如表7-4所示,在有机溶剂型粘合剂基质内,十二烷酰乳酸钠不是有效的促进剂。这些结果提供的证据是,脂肪酸乳酸盐在多种水乳液型粘合剂基质中是有效的渗透促进剂,进而说明脂肪酸乳酸盐的这种渗透促进作用无法在有机溶剂型丙烯酸粘合剂基质中观测到。实施例8
评估脂肪酸乳酸盐对酸性模型药物,即双氯酚酸(一种非甾类抗炎剂)渗透出一些共聚物粘合剂基质体系的作用。配制下列基质体系来检测脂肪酸乳酸盐对这种酸性化合物渗透出共聚物粘合剂的作用:(a)存在于92.8%(w/w)溶剂型丙烯酸粘合剂Durotak 87-2516(国家淀粉和化学品公司,新泽西)中的1.8%(w/w)双氯酚酸(制剂8-A);(b)存在于98%(w/w)水乳液型丙烯酸粘合剂(Nacor72-9965,国家淀粉和化学品公司,新泽西)中的2%(w/w)双氯酚酸钠(制剂8-C);2.0%(w/w)双氯酚酸钠、93.6%(w/w)的水乳液型丙烯酸粘合剂Robond PS-20(Rohm & Haas,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania)和作为增稠剂的2.0%(w/w)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP,Kollidon 90,BASF,新泽西)(制剂8-E)。促进制剂的制备则是相对加入作为促进剂的2.5%(w/w)十二烷酰乳酸钠(Pationic138C),并且减少所用的粘合剂来作为补偿(分别为制剂8-B、8-D和8-F)。未促进的和促进体系的体外皮肤渗透作用如表8-1、8-2和8-3所示。
表8-1(存在于Durotak 87-2516粘合剂中的双氯酚酸) | |||
皮肤来源 | 制剂8-A98.2/1.8%(w/w) | 制剂8-B十二烷酰乳酸钠95.7/1.8/2.5%(w/w) | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
8-Ⅰ | 30.23±3.49(n=5) | 38.69±3.89(n=5) | 1.3 |
8-Ⅱ | 4.13±0.71(n=5) | 6.78±1.55(n=5) | 1.6 |
所有皮肤(平均) | 17.18±13.96(n=10) | 22.73±17.05(n=10) | 1.5±0.3 |
表8-2(存在于Nacor 72-9965粘合剂中的双氯酚酸钠) |
皮肤来源 | 制剂8-C98/2%(w/w) | 制剂8-D十二烷酰乳酸钠95.5/2/2.5%(w/w) | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
8-Ⅲ | 20.73±1.72(n=5) | 27.39±4.26(n=5) | 1.32 |
8-Ⅳ | 2.13±0.44(n=5) | 3.39±1.15(n=5) | 1.59 |
所有皮肤(平均) | 11.43±9.87(n=10) | 15.39±12.98(n=10) | 1.45±0.2 |
表8-3(存在于Robond PS-20粘合剂中的双氯酚酸钠) | |||
皮肤来源 | 制剂8-E96/2/2%(w/w) | 制剂8-F十二烷酰乳酸钠93.5/2/2.0/2.5%(w/w) | |
Q24 | Q24 | E | |
8-Ⅴ | 28.1±5.4(n=5) | 36.8±8.5(n=5) | 1.3 |
8-Ⅵ | 14.3±6.4(n=5) | 19.8±6.3(n=5) | 1.4 |
8-Ⅶ | 22.2±3.8(n=5) | 30.5±4.5(n=5) | 1.4 |
所有皮肤(平均) | 21.5±7.6(n=15) | 29.0±9.5(n=15) | 1.36±0.04 |
十二烷酰乳酸钠在所有被测基质体系中始终为有效的促进剂。如表8-1所示,含有双氯酚酸形式的体系的渗透作用通过加入2.5%十二烷酰乳酸钠而增强了约50%,并且表8-2和8-3证实,由双氯酚酸的钠盐制得的体系,在两种被测粘合剂中的渗透作用都增加了36-45%。这些结果说明,脂肪酸乳酸盐也是酸性物质的有效渗透促进剂。虽然制剂8-A和8-B采用了溶剂型粘合剂,并也显示出可与水乳液型粘合剂制剂,制剂8-C至8-F相比较的渗透促进作用;将制剂8-B与含有游离酸形式的而不是盐形式的十二烷酰乳酸盐的制剂进行比较,其结果是它们的渗透促进作用多少具有可比性。但另一方面,制剂8-D和8-F与含有游离酸形式而不是盐形式的十二烷酰乳酸盐的制剂相比,其结果是,使用游离酸形式时的促进作用被显著降低。
但上述实施例是对本发明所用药物或透皮制剂的说明。本发明发现,利用上述所定义的由水乳液型压敏粘合剂和乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯制成的基质贴剂可以增加累积给药量,这是相对于乳酸的脂肪酸酯、乳酸盐与溶剂型粘合剂的制剂、乳酸盐与水醇凝胶的制剂及类似物而言的。虽然本发明主要以某些脂肪酸和乳酸盐来进行说明,但也可以采用乳酸盐的其它脂肪族酯,并且将得到类似的结果。因此,在与所述乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯相容的前提下,本发明并不局限在特定的药物和/或制剂。在本文所提供的准则内,本领域技术人员可以很容易地进行一定数量的试验来获得最佳制剂。因此,本发明的保护范围仅由下列权利要求书及其作用等同的内容来限定。
Claims (20)
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中活性透膜体和促进剂均匀地含在所述载体赋形剂中。
3.根据权利要求2的组合物,其中M为选自由Na、K、Ca、Mg和铵或胺盐所组成的成盐抗衡离子。
4.根据权利要求3的组合物,其中促进剂的量是渗透促进体系的0.25-30%(重量)。
5.根据权利要求4的组合物,其中压敏粘合剂是选自由丙烯酸、橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯粘合剂组成的一种。
6.根据权利要求5的组合物,该组合物是具有封闭性背材的基质体系形式。
7.根据权利要求6的组合物,其中促进剂是十二烷酰乳酸钠。
8.根据权利要求6的组合物,其中促进剂是十二烷酰乳酸钾。
9.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中粘合剂为丙烯酸粘合剂。
10.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中粘合剂是乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯粘合剂。
11.一种促进活性药用透膜体穿过人或温血动物皮肤的通透作用的方法,该方法包括给皮肤涂敷组合物,该组合物包括:
(a)安全和有效量的内含活性药物透膜体,
(b)渗透促进体系,该体系包括,
(Ⅰ)约0.25-约50%(重量)的由乳酸盐的脂肪酸酯组成的促
进剂,如下式所示:其中R为C5-C21烷基或链烯基,它们可以是直链或支链并且可含有羟基取代基;a是1-4的整数,b为1或2,M为1或2价的可形成药用盐的抗衡离子,
(Ⅱ)适于药用的由水型乳液制成的压敏粘合剂载体赋形剂。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中活性透膜体和促进剂均匀地含在所述载体赋形剂中。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中M为选自由Na、K、Ca、Mg和铵或胺盐所组成的一种成盐抗衡离子。
14.根据权利要求13的方法,其中促进剂的量是渗透促进体系的0.25-30%(重量)。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中压敏粘合剂是选自由丙烯酸、橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯粘合剂组成的一种。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,该方法是将具有封闭性背材的基质体系形式的组合物涂敷在涂敷部位。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,其中促进剂是十二烷酰乳酸钠。
18.根据权利要求16的方法,其中促进剂是十二烷酰乳酸钾。
19.根据权利要求15的方法,其中粘合剂为丙烯酸粘合剂。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其中粘合剂为乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯粘合剂。
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-
1997
- 1997-10-29 JP JP10520767A patent/JP2001503062A/ja active Pending
- 1997-10-29 WO PCT/US1997/019600 patent/WO1998018416A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-29 US US08/959,944 patent/US5912009A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-29 EP EP97946387A patent/EP0942697A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-29 JP JP52072198A patent/JP2001503749A/ja active Pending
- 1997-10-29 KR KR1019997001408A patent/KR20000035800A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-29 BR BR9712474-5A patent/BR9712474A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-29 EP EP97947295A patent/EP0971662A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-29 CA CA002263300A patent/CA2263300A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-29 CA CA002263334A patent/CA2263334A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-29 CN CN97198274A patent/CN1231593A/zh active Pending
- 1997-10-29 CN CN97198273A patent/CN1231592A/zh active Pending
- 1997-10-29 AU AU51570/98A patent/AU717183B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-29 KR KR1019997001409A patent/KR20000035801A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-29 AU AU52409/98A patent/AU718811B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-29 US US08/959,946 patent/US5952000A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-29 BR BR9713492-9A patent/BR9713492A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-29 WO PCT/US1997/019731 patent/WO1998018417A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-30 ZA ZA9709771A patent/ZA979771B/xx unknown
- 1997-10-30 ZA ZA9709765A patent/ZA979765B/xx unknown
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AU5157098A (en) | 1998-05-22 |
AU717183B2 (en) | 2000-03-16 |
ZA979765B (en) | 1998-05-22 |
US5912009A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
CN1231592A (zh) | 1999-10-13 |
KR20000035800A (ko) | 2000-06-26 |
AU5240998A (en) | 1998-05-22 |
BR9713492A (pt) | 2000-02-29 |
ZA979771B (en) | 1998-05-22 |
JP2001503062A (ja) | 2001-03-06 |
BR9712474A (pt) | 1999-10-26 |
AU718811B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
EP0971662A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 |
CA2263300A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
JP2001503749A (ja) | 2001-03-21 |
US5952000A (en) | 1999-09-14 |
CA2263334A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
KR20000035801A (ko) | 2000-06-26 |
EP0942697A1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
WO1998018416A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
WO1998018417A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
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