CN1222105A - 带有致密表面的粉末冶金体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种压实的且可能经过预烧结的部件,它是由金属粉末制成的且它具有通过喷丸硬化或轧制而获得的致密化表面。
Description
本发明涉及压实体。确切地说,本发明涉及一种可选择地经过预烧结的压实体,它是由金属粉末制成的并具有经过致密化的表面。
用于制造承受弯曲应力的部件如齿轮的材料会承受局部应力集中,这些材料最好在局部应力最高的区域内具有优异的性能。
在EP552272中记载了一个这样材料的例子,它涉及具有致密表面区的粉末金属烧结坯。根据这份公开文件,致密化区域是通过轧制方式获得的。
人们还知道可以通过采用喷丸硬化而使粉末冶金烧结件变得致密。对烧结件表面进行喷丸硬化处理的目的是为了在表面内引起压缩应力,这又导致了其疲劳强度和表面硬度等得到改善的烧结件。
人们现在已经发现,如果表面的致密化是在烧结压实件之前进行的,则可以获得许多重要优点。当压实件在预烧结步骤之后经受致密化处理时,获得了最有意义的结果。因此,本发明涉及一种制备优选地经过预烧结的且具有致密化表面的压实体的方法以及通过该方法获得的部件。
由于对处于未烧结状态和可能预烧结状态下的金属粉末体进行了致密化处理,所以与在对烧结体进行致密化时的情况相比,可以获得更大的变形程度。当未烧结部件和可能经过预烧结的部件随后经过烧结处理时,原来的孔隙被烧结融合在一起并产生了一个具有真密度或近似真密度的表面层。在本文中,术语“真密度或近似真密度”是指形成在90%-100%的真密度范围内的致密化。
由于采用了本发明的方法,所以不仅提高了致密化程度,而且加大了变形深度。另外,与根据已知方法在烧结步骤后进行致密化处理时所需的能量相比,能量需求也显著降低了。根据本发明的方法而制备的部件可以在烧结后象往常那样进行辅助处理。
可适于用作压实处理的原材料的金属粉末是由金属如铁、镍制成的粉末。在铁基粉末的情况下,可以加入合金元素如碳、铬、锰、钼、铜、镍、磷、硫等,以便改良最终烧结产品的性能。可以从包含基本纯净的铁粉、预制的铁基合金粉末、扩散合金化的铁基粉末和铁粉与合金元素的混合物的组中选出铁基粉末。
为获得足够的弯曲强度以便进行随后的致密化处理,金属粉末原料在200MPa-1200MPa且最好是在400MPa-900MPa的压力下被单向压实。最好在润滑模中进行上述压实处理。其它类型的压实是对混有润滑剂如硬脂酸盐、蜡、金属皂、聚合物等的金属粉末进行热压实和冷压实。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,在致密化操作之前,压实体还在500℃温度以上且最好是在650℃-1000℃之间经过预烧结处理。
经受本发明的致密化处理的可能经过预烧结的部件和未烧结体应该被压实和任选地预烧结到最小弯曲强度至少为15MPa、优选地至少为20MPa且最好为25MPa的程度。
尽管不排除其它致密化处理方法如各种类型的轧制,但本发明的致密化处理最好是通过喷丸硬化而进行的。在喷丸硬化处理过程中,在一段时间内以足够的能量将由铸钢或锻钢和不锈钢以及陶瓷团粒或玻璃球制得的圆形或基本成球形的颗粒(术语为“砂丸”)喷射到工件上,从而以重叠的冷加工凹坑覆盖工件表面(如参见J.Mogul等人的文章“过程控制喷丸可靠性的关键(Process controls the key to reliability ofshot peening)”,《过程控制及手段》,1995-11)。
按照本发明的喷丸硬化时间通常超过0.5s且最好为1s-5s,Almen密度通常为0.05-0.5。变形深度取决于产品的最终用途且它应该超过0.1mm,且优选地超过0.2mm,而最好超过0.3mm。
通过以下的非限定性实施例来描述本发明。
金属粉末原料是Distaloy DC-1,它是一种可从瑞典的Hgans公司购得的含2%的镍和1.5%的钼的铁基粉末。
这种粉末在700MPa的压力下经过热压实处理而达到密度为7.4g/cm3并具有25MPa的弯曲强度。压实体被分成以下三组:
组1:压实体仍然是未经烧结的,即它未经受任何附加处理。
组2:压实体在750℃下并在保护性气氛下经过20分钟的预烧结。
组3:压实体在1120℃下并在吸热型气体中经过15分钟的烧结。
组1
使未烧结的压实体经过喷丸硬化处理。在太高的密度下即在超过0.14的Almen密度(参看上述的Mogul的文章)和历时3s喷丸时间的情况下,颗粒松散且表面遭到破坏。结果表明,Almen密度应该低于大约0.14且喷丸时间应该短于2秒。这对于经过热压实的未烧结体和在润滑模中制造出来的部件来说都是正确的。如图1所示,当压实操作是在润滑模中进行的时候,致密化效果在所获部件中略好。
组2
对未烧结体进行预烧结处理,以便除去可能产生孔隙的润滑剂并消除加工硬化以及提高材料的强度。限制石墨扩散以避免在铁粉颗粒中的固溶强化效应是必须的。特别是对于在润滑模中加工的部件而言,材料的强度在预烧结后得到了明显提高且可以采用很高的Almen密度。可以毫无问题地采用高达0.3的Almen密度,即颗粒不会脱离表面并获得了300μm的变形深度。对于热压实体来说,磨损是在0.14的密度下开始的。由于去除了润滑剂并消除了加工硬化,所以变形深度与组1的未烧结体相比明显增大了。
组3
由于考虑到没有因压实方法不同而在标准烧结工艺后还留下明显的孔隙组织差异,所以只检测热压实材料。烧结体具有其全强度并因而可以采用具有很高的如高达0.3的Almen密度。但是,喷丸硬化操作的效果与根据本发明的在未烧结或预烧结状态下经过喷丸硬化处理的效果相比差很多。可以看到,在相同密度的情况下,由于预烧结体的硬度高,所以只能获得三分之一的变形深度。
在以下的表中列出了试验结果。
压实 | 烧结情况 | 喷丸时间/Almen密度 | 变形深度 | 图标号 |
润滑模 | 未烧结 | 1.5s/0.08 | 50um | |
润滑模 | 未烧结 | 1.5s/0.13 | 100um | 960686 |
热压实 | 未烧结 | 1.5s/0.08 | 30um | 960685 |
热压实 | 未烧结 | 1.5s/0.13 | 30-50um | |
润滑模 | 预烧结 | 3s/0.17 | 200um | |
润滑模 | 预烧结 | 3s/0.21 | 250um | 960644 |
润滑模 | 预烧结 | 3s/0.30 | 300um | 960642 |
热压实 | 预烧结 | 1.5s/0.13 | 200um | |
热压实 | 预烧结 | 1.5s/0.14 | 200um | 960640 |
热压实 | 烧结 | 3s/0.17 | 70um | |
热压实 | 烧结 | 3s/0.21 | 100um | |
热压实 | 烧结 | 3s/0.30 | 130um | 960645 |
Claims (10)
1.一种制备粉末冶金体的方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
-单向压实金属粉末;
-使所获得的压实体在足以建立一个在90%-100%的真密度范围内且变形深度至少为0.1mm的、最好至少为0.2mm的致密化表面层的密度和时间内经受喷丸硬化或轧制处理;以及
-可任选地使所获得的压实体经受一个附加的压实步骤。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在喷丸硬化或轧制之前,压实体在至少500℃的温度下经受预烧结处理。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,金属粉末是铁基粉末。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,除铁外,铁基粉末还包括一种或多种以下元素,即C、Cr、Mn、Mo、Cu、Ni、P、V、S、B、Nb、Ta、N以及不可避免的杂质。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,铁基粉末选自包括基本纯净的铁粉、预制的铁基合金粉末、扩散合金化的铁基粉末和铁粉与合金元素的混合物的组中。
6.如前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,单向压实粉末并可任选地将其预烧结到弯曲强度至少为15MPa、优选地至少为20MPa、最好至少为25MPa的程度。
7.一种单向压实的且可能经过预烧结的金属粉末件,它具有一个在90%-100%的真密度范围内且变形深度至少为0.1mm的致密化表面层。
8.如权利要求7所述的部件,其特征在于,它的变形深度至少为0.2mm。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的部件,其特征在于,在喷丸硬化或轧制步骤后,所述部件经受一附加的压实步骤。
10.如权利要求7-9之一所述的部件,其特征在于,金属粉末是铁基粉末。
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SE9602376A SE9602376D0 (sv) | 1996-06-14 | 1996-06-14 | Compact body |
SE96023767 | 1996-06-14 |
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CN1090067C CN1090067C (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
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US (1) | US6171546B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0958077B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP4304245B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100405910B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1090067C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU3200797A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9709713A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69720532T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2196338T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2181317C2 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE9602376D0 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997047418A1 (zh) |
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1996
- 1996-06-14 SE SE9602376A patent/SE9602376D0/xx unknown
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1997
- 1997-06-12 EP EP97927573A patent/EP0958077B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-12 WO PCT/SE1997/001027 patent/WO1997047418A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-06-12 RU RU99100334/02A patent/RU2181317C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-12 ES ES97927573T patent/ES2196338T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-12 AU AU32007/97A patent/AU3200797A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-12 JP JP50152298A patent/JP4304245B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-12 KR KR10-1998-0710243A patent/KR100405910B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-12 DE DE69720532T patent/DE69720532T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-12 CN CN97195526A patent/CN1090067C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-12 BR BR9709713A patent/BR9709713A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-12-10 US US09/208,499 patent/US6171546B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-10-01 JP JP2008256471A patent/JP2009041109A/ja not_active Abandoned
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100391659C (zh) * | 2000-06-28 | 2008-06-04 | 赫加奈斯公司 | 生产表面致密的粉末金属部件的方法 |
CN101578131A (zh) * | 2006-12-13 | 2009-11-11 | 戴蒙得创新股份有限公司 | 具有提高的机械加工性的研磨压实体 |
US9566639B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2017-02-14 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. | Production method for sintered member |
DE102011115237A1 (de) | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. | Herstellungsverfahren für gesintertes Element |
CN102851663A (zh) * | 2012-04-09 | 2013-01-02 | 天津大学 | 一种基于超声喷丸的金属表面合金化方法及其应用 |
CN102851663B (zh) * | 2012-04-09 | 2016-06-15 | 天津大学 | 一种基于超声喷丸的金属表面合金化方法及其应用 |
US9956613B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2018-05-01 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding member and production method for same |
CN104755199B (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2017-09-26 | 千住金属工业株式会社 | 滑动构件以及滑动构件的制造方法 |
CN104755199A (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2015-07-01 | 千住金属工业株式会社 | 滑动构件以及滑动构件的制造方法 |
CN109071294A (zh) * | 2016-03-25 | 2018-12-21 | 普兰西股份有限公司 | 玻璃熔体组件 |
US11072553B2 (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2021-07-27 | Plansee Se | Glass-melting component |
CN109071294B (zh) * | 2016-03-25 | 2021-11-23 | 普兰西股份有限公司 | 玻璃熔体组件 |
CN106011664A (zh) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-10-12 | 黄宇 | 一种高性能粉末冶金传动齿轮 |
CN110814353A (zh) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-21 | 米巴烧结奥地利有限公司 | 在金属构件之间建立连接的方法和结构组合件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4304245B2 (ja) | 2009-07-29 |
JP2009041109A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
DE69720532T2 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
EP0958077B1 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
KR100405910B1 (ko) | 2004-02-18 |
AU3200797A (en) | 1998-01-07 |
US6171546B1 (en) | 2001-01-09 |
SE9602376D0 (sv) | 1996-06-14 |
EP0958077A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
JP2000511975A (ja) | 2000-09-12 |
WO1997047418A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
CN1090067C (zh) | 2002-09-04 |
DE69720532D1 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
ES2196338T3 (es) | 2003-12-16 |
BR9709713A (pt) | 1999-08-10 |
RU2181317C2 (ru) | 2002-04-20 |
KR20000016644A (ko) | 2000-03-25 |
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