CN1214801A - 平板式构件用的底板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明揭示了一种适用于平板式构件,尤其是光电模件(20,22,24,26)的底板(10),模件通过沿屋顶-屋檐方向铺设的支承件(28)固定在斜屋顶上。底板(10)要密封于平板构件系统,该系统中的诸平板构件沿横向紧连并靠于毗邻的屋顶瓦,沿纵向部分重叠并铺在支承件上。底板(10)由防水材料制成,并这样成型,即,在屋顶-屋檐方向至少有一条可连接支承件(28)的槽口(36),至少有一条位于光电模件纵向边下方的水道(30)。
Description
本发明涉及一个平板式构件用的底板,尤用于光电模件,光电模件通过沿屋顶-屋檐方向安放的支承件固定在斜屋顶上。
大家熟悉DE9409453.9U1介绍的光电装置,在这种装置上,光电模件沿屋顶纵向鳞片状复盖排列。在下文中,屋顶-屋檐连线定为纵方向,平行于屋顶或屋檐方向作为横向方向。沿屋顶-屋檐方向安放的木型材作为支承件,支承件顶端安在屋顶板条上,它的屋檐安放在一根平行于屋顶板条并与该屋顶板条平行的木条上。木条高出屋顶板条上缘,约等于光电模件的厚度。木型材在上表面有一条分布在纵向之间的深槽,这样,当两个光电模件沿边缘互相对接时,这条深槽可用于排出由拼缝落下来的水。这种装置缺点是:必须要附加铺设平行于屋顶板条的木板条,需要附加固定光电模件屋檐边的防风钩。
本发明的任务基于确保一构件系统的密封性,尤其是光电装置系统。在这种结构件系统中,构件沿横向互相对接和对接相邻屋顶支承面,沿纵方向部分搭接铺放在处于对接缝间距中的支承件上。
本发明任务是通过以下方式解决,底板用防水材料制造,并且在型材设计时沿屋顶-屋檐方向至少有一条可容纳一个支承件的大沟槽;至少有一条水道(Wasserlauf),它位于板式构件纵向边下方。优点在于,支承件约在与构件的正切线的四分之一处铺设,这样,两根支承件之间的横向距离就是一个构件的一半宽度,因而在约构件一半宽度内安一底板特别有利,例如,外形尺寸为42.1cm×64.4cm的底板特别适用于外形尺寸约38cm×120cm光电模件。大于半个宽度的富余宽度在两个相邻底板边缘搭接时被复盖住,沿纵向的超长使得模件的下平面能有一个良好的通风。
底板不需要承受支承力,因此可用薄壁防腐蚀材料制造,主要是人造材料。例如,用深冲拉(压)工艺由人工制造材料板制成的底板。在用很薄材料时,建议在水道区需有一个加强部,例如加强部可设计成沟形或槽形的特殊结构件。
如果底板在容放支承件槽口的屋檐端范围至少有一通口,通过该通口,可使平板式结构件的支承件插放进去,则底板可铺在支承件的上表面并保住构件的下平面。
在两条纵向边区内至少各有一个槽口,且一条边槽口可容接相邻同类底板另一条边的槽口时,则此时从侧面密封地搭接铺放底板是可能的。重要的是,一条边上的槽口是窄的,另一条边上的槽要宽到被该宽槽复盖的窄槽能横向移动,因而铺放时容易补偿尺寸误差。尤其当铺放构件时,构件一条边放在相邻盖板槽口上,而构件的另一边是靠接的,从而对于安放在水槽上的构件在横向的复盖宽度就小于下一个构件的复盖宽度。如果与盖板水槽相邻的底板沿横向能围绕水槽的宽度移动到相邻底板时,则在此就体现出其优越性了。
要实现这一情况,则承接槽口至少围绕屋顶盖板的水槽宽度要比被接的槽口或支座件宽些。
如果毗连于槽口的纵边边缘区和盖板的水槽一样宽,则底板可以良好地封住构件的位于相邻盖板的水槽上的边缘。这样,下盖件边缘区就能定位在水槽下部内。
当水道构成与被承接槽相毗邻时,则一纵向边上的承接槽和对应纵向边上的水槽可以构成被此相互补充状态。当底板的纵边和屋檐边处于凹区高度,并且顶端处于槽口高度,则底板不但可以排出渗入水,而且也对构件下部的通风起到良好影响。
为了达到预期的通风,使冷空气沿光电模件底部流动,尤其在盛夏,这可阻止模件过分发热和与此相关地阻止光电模件的效率降低。屋顶端流出的热空气能够很好地沿下一块底板的底部流动,使得热空气直到屋顶排出,不再与其它的光电模件接触。为获得这种空气流动,底板要比光电模件长。底板要伸出光电模件的顶部边缘,使得由屋檐边进入的空气流向屋顶。
为防止雪和小动物进入鳞片状铺放构件之间的缝,在底板屋檐边有凸起的回旋室,这是不能直接通过的曲线密封装置。
当顶边至少有一个将底板悬挂到屋顶板条上的挂件或此类件,则底板和支承件的铺设可变得简单。这样可沿着朝屋顶板条顶侧的上缘调整底板。当悬挂凸耳和屋檐边之间的距离等于相邻盖板的凸耳和屋檐之间的距离时,那么,根据本发明的底板几何位置与相邻屋顶盖板几何位置一样,与屋顶板条的实际距离无关。由于屋顶盖板的覆盖与屋顶斜率有关,其该距离从屋顶到屋顶可能产生变化。
诸附图表示了本发明的最佳结构实例,下面将进一步介绍。
图1在一屋顶上装配状态的俯视图;
图2是本发明的底板俯视图;
图3是图2底板沿Ⅲ-Ⅲ的剖面图;
图4是图2底板沿屋檐面的正视图;
图5是图2底板侧视图;
图6从屋檐向屋顶看上去的图1屋顶沿平行屋檐Ⅵ-Ⅵ的剖面图。
图1概要表示底板10处在俯视图中一个正施工的斜屋顶上,屋顶的错位行14,16,18中已部分地铺上混凝土制屋顶平盖板。在屋顶上表示了光电模件20,22,24,在第二行16里,没有铺光电模件的位置表示底板10,及在10行表示底板上部第一种结构状况时的支承件28。底板10在完成装配后位于光电模件下面和支承件上面,该支承件托住光电模件。
底板10的宽度约是光电模件20,22,24,26宽度的一半,并且在图1左边表示的底板边缘有一个槽式水道30。处于最低行14并排铺的光电模件20,22互相对接。在光电模件22另一端处在相邻顶盖板12的水道上,此时光电模件20对接到与相邻屋顶盖板12的盖板槽口上。在对接缝下方是在此图上看不见的位于光电模件20和22下面底板上的水道,该底板与可看见底板10一样。
图2表示按照本发明的底板10顶视图,底板是深冲拉(压)的人造板。外形尺寸为42.1cm×64.4cm×1.3cm的底板适用于尺寸为38cm×120cm的光电模件,在一个光电模件下并排铺2个底板10。在图2左边是一个设计成宽深槽形的水道30,而在右边是一个宽(凸)槽口32。水道30的外纵缘边是一个窄的双槽口34,该槽口是与顶盖板12的槽口的下轮廓相匹配的,并由相邻底板的宽槽接纳于其内。中部宽槽口36是接纳支承件用,该支承件托住构件式光电模件。一个窄的槽口38构成水道的内缘。所有槽口32,34,36和38皆沿纵向分布,即由屋顶方向朝屋檐方向方布。
在槽口38、36以及36、32之间分别是凹段40和42,在凹段40和42有在横向交错排列而不是沿凹段40,42整个宽度上分布的加强筋。在凹段40,42的屋檐边上各有二行凸起44和46,形成回旋室。凹段40,42的每一个顶部边设有一悬挂凸耳48,50。
图3至图5清楚表示上面所叙述槽口32,34,36和38,水道30,凹段40,42,凸起44和46,以及凸耳48和50的位置和布置。
图3表示在水道下方的加强件52,这里是一个钢板制的槽。槽的侧壁伸进槽口32和38中,在顶部边缘是向下弯的唇边,因此加强件52也可悬挂在屋顶板条上。
图6是图1由屋檐向屋顶看时屋顶的第14行沿平行于屋檐Ⅵ-Ⅵ的剖面。左面是第一块屋顶盖板12,盖板12的右面是一个处高位置的槽盖(Deckfalz)54。第一块底板10跟随第一块盖板12,当槽口54的自由纵向边缘处在第一块底板10的水道30上方时,则该底板10以它的左面长度方向的窄槽口34就靠在第一块盖板12的槽盖54的底边上。第一块底板10沿其横向约从固定在屋顶板56的第一个支承件28的中间处通过,该支承件可沿横向移动,并被接纳在一个大约距离底板10中间处的槽口内。底板10借助处于它右纵向边上的宽槽口32盖住第两块底板10的位于左纵向边上的窄槽口34,第两块底板10以同样的方式同第两块支承件28固定住。
为使两块相邻底板10在横向获得最大拉直,在铺第两块底板10时,沿平行屋檐方向右拉第两块底板,使得由第一块底板10的宽槽口32容纳的第两块底板的窄槽口34直接靠在第一块底板10宽槽口32的右侧面上。在两根支承件28上铺放第一个光电模件20,它左面对接第一块盖板12的槽盖54,右面对接相邻的第二光电模件22。第二底板10的右端按前面叙述方式铺第三块底板10。光电模件20,22的对接缝位于第三块底板10的水道上方。
第三块底板10的右面用相似于前面方式铺第四块底板10,它的在右边纵向的宽槽口32对接第二盖板12左端深水槽58,第二模件22盖住第三,第四块底板10。
因为初始三块底板10每次都最大拉直铺放,并且第四块底板10对接第二盖板12,所以,要求第四块底板10的复盖宽度比最大拉直时的第二盖板12的水槽58的宽度小些。因此,在铺放时第四块底板10要围绕水槽58宽度沿平行屋檐方向向左推移,使得由第三块底板10宽槽口32容纳的它的窄槽口34,能直接靠在第三块底板的宽槽口32上。在推移时,第四块底板10接纳支承件28的中部槽口36相对地移动到支承件28,因此,按本发明的底板10的结构型式可使底板10的复盖宽度适合当时施工现场。
Claims (10)
1.适用于板式构件,尤指用于光电模件(20,22,24,26)的底板(10),模件通过沿屋顶-屋檐方向铺设的支承件(28)固定在斜屋顶上,
其特征在于,底板(10)由防水材料制成,并这样成型,即,在屋顶-屋檐方向至少有一条可连接支承件(28)的槽口(36),至少有一条位于光电模件纵向边下方的水道(30)。
2.按照权利要求1的底板,其特征在于,底板由薄壁防腐蚀材料制成。
3.按照权利要求1或2的底板,其特征在于,底板(10)至少在接纳支承件28槽口36的屋檐端范围有一个断口,板式构件的支承件(28)插入该断口。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项的底板,其特征在于,在两个纵向边上至少各有一个槽口(32,34),在一边上槽口(32)可连接相邻的相同底板件(10)的另一边上的槽口(34)。
5.按照权利要求4的底板,其特征在于,连接槽口(32,36)围绕一个盖板水槽的最小宽度要比被承接的槽口(34)或支承件(28)宽些。
6.按照权利要求4或5的底板,其特征在于,纵向边的毗连接纳槽(32)边缘区,应和一个盖板水槽宽度一样。
7.按照权利要求4至6的底板,其特征在于,水道(30)设计成与被接纳的槽口(34)相毗连。
8.按照权利要求1至7的底板,其特征在于,纵向边缘和底板(10)的屋檐边沿底板(12)凹区的高度分布,其屋顶边缘沿槽口(32,34,36,38)的高度演进。
9.按照权利要求1至8中任一项的底板,其特征在于,在屋檐边,有凸起(44,46)形成的回旋室。
10.按照权利要求1至9中任一项的底板,其特征在于,在顶部边缘至少有一个悬挂凸耳(48,50),用于将底板(10)挂住在屋顶板条上或类似件上。
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DE19612490A DE19612490C1 (de) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Unterdeckelement für ein flaches plattenförmiges Bauelement |
DE19612490.5 | 1996-03-29 |
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EP (1) | EP0891637A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3058454B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1214801A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2633597A (zh) |
BA (1) | BA98361A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9708466A (zh) |
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DE (1) | DE19612490C1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU222257B1 (zh) |
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PL (1) | PL182296B1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK132898A3 (zh) |
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DE29805791U1 (de) * | 1998-03-30 | 1998-06-10 | UFE SOLAR GmbH, 16225 Eberswalde | Indach-Solarkollektorsystem |
NL1008846C2 (nl) * | 1998-04-08 | 1999-03-16 | Cooeperatief Advies En Onderzo | Inrichting voor het ondersteunen van een zonnepaneel op een schuin dak. |
DE19823356A1 (de) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-18 | Tonindustrie Heisterholz Ernst | Dachziegel zur Nutzung der Sonnenenergie |
EP1035591A1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-13 | Coöperatief Advies en Onderzoeksburo u.a. Ecofys | Cover system for arranging on a surface one or more solar elements such as solar panels and/or solar thermal collectors |
DE19921044A1 (de) * | 1999-05-07 | 2000-12-07 | Dachziegelwerke Pfleiderer Gmb | Solardachmodul |
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-
1996
- 1996-03-29 DE DE19612490A patent/DE19612490C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-03-27 HU HU9901379A patent/HU222257B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-27 CN CN97193465A patent/CN1214801A/zh active Pending
- 1997-03-27 EP EP97918059A patent/EP0891637A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-03-27 CZ CZ19983093A patent/CZ287665B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-27 JP JP9534822A patent/JP3058454B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-27 SK SK1328-98A patent/SK132898A3/sk unknown
- 1997-03-27 PL PL97328920A patent/PL182296B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-27 WO PCT/DE1997/000647 patent/WO1997037387A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-03-27 AU AU26335/97A patent/AU2633597A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-27 BR BR9708466-2A patent/BR9708466A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-27 TR TR1998/01925T patent/TR199801925T2/xx unknown
-
1998
- 1998-09-28 NO NO984527A patent/NO984527L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-29 US US09/163,895 patent/US6182404B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-26 BA BA980361A patent/BA98361A/bs active Pending
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SK132898A3 (en) | 1999-03-12 |
JPH11508339A (ja) | 1999-07-21 |
PL328920A1 (en) | 1999-03-01 |
CZ309398A3 (cs) | 1999-02-17 |
BA98361A (bs) | 1999-08-02 |
JP3058454B2 (ja) | 2000-07-04 |
HU222257B1 (hu) | 2003-05-28 |
BR9708466A (pt) | 2000-01-04 |
US6182404B1 (en) | 2001-02-06 |
NO984527D0 (no) | 1998-09-28 |
DE19612490C1 (de) | 1997-09-18 |
PL182296B1 (en) | 2001-12-31 |
TR199801925T2 (xx) | 1999-04-21 |
EP0891637A1 (de) | 1999-01-20 |
NO984527L (no) | 1998-11-27 |
WO1997037387A1 (de) | 1997-10-09 |
CZ287665B6 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
HUP9901379A2 (hu) | 1999-08-30 |
HUP9901379A3 (en) | 2001-12-28 |
AU2633597A (en) | 1997-10-22 |
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