CN1187329C - 一种制备用于靛蓝合成的3-羟基吲哚衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备用于靛蓝合成的3-羟基吲哚衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备用于靛蓝合成的3-羟基吲哚衍生物的方法。该方法中,将乙醛酸酯-或乙醛酸半缩醛与胺反应,制备N-取代甘氨酸酯或N-取代甘氨酸,并氢化生成相应的中间体,用这方法,将制备的N-芳基甘氨酸酯与熔融的碱金属或碱土金属的碳酸盐,并在有或没有氨化碱金属存在下环合成3-羟基吲哚衍生物。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备用于靛蓝合成的3-羟基吲哚衍生物的方法。
长时间来,靛蓝大多数由N-苯基甘氨酸制备,是经3-羟基吲哚氧化成靛蓝。按照Ullmann vol.14,149-156页所述,所需的N-苯基甘氨酸的制备方法或是由一氯醋酸与苯胺或与邻氨基苯甲酸反应,或是通过N-氰甲基苯胺的水解得到。为了制备N-氰甲基苯胺,将氰酸或氰化纳与二苯胺基甲烷反应。然而从安全和环保的角度都不希望处理氯醋酸或氰化物。
现在意外地发现,3-羟基吲哚不仅可由N-苯基甘氨酸、而且也可由N-苯基甘氨酸酯制备,还发现N-取代的甘氨酸酯和N-取代的甘氨酸可用对环境无害的方法,经胺类与乙醛酸酯半缩醛或乙醛酸半缩醛反应来制备。乙醛酸酯-和乙醛酸半缩醛的制法可按照EP B-0099981所述、用对环境无害的方法大规模地将马来酸衍生物臭氧化,并将过氧化物反应液氢化得到。
因而,本发明的目的是由下式I的N-取代甘氨酸或甘氨酸酯制备3-羟基吲哚衍生物:
R1R2N-CH2-COOR I
式中R为氢或有1-10个碳原子的直链或支链烷基;R1和R2各自独立为氢、取代的或未取代的烷基或取代的或未取代的芳基;R1和R2不能同时是氢。该方法的特征是,下式II的乙醛酸酯-或乙醛酸半缩醛与式III的胺反应:
R3O(OH)CH-COOR II; R1R2NH III
式中R的定义同前,R3为具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,R1和R2的含义同前所述。该反应是在稀释剂中,温度为0℃到稀释剂的回流温度之间进行,该反应产物在氢催化剂存在下,于稀释剂中和有压力下氢化,此时生成式I的N-取代的甘氨酸酯或N-取代的甘氨酸,该酯或酸在必要时自反应混合物中分离出,并任选地将酸转变成盐,或甘氨酸酯转变成游离酸。
在式I到III中R为氢或有1-10个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,优选为1-4个碳原子,更优选为1-2个碳原子;R3为1-4个碳原子的烷基,优选为1-2个碳原子烷基,其中特别优选R和R3具有相同的含义。R1和R2各自独立为氢、烷基或芳基,但R1和R2不得同时是氢。烷基可以认为是含1-22个碳原子的直链、支链或环烷基,该烷基或未被取代,或被1-4个碳原子的烷氧基或被苯基取代。烷基例如为甲基、乙基、正丙基、丁基、辛基、十二烷基、十六烷基,或它们的异构体,如异丙基、异丁基、2-乙基己基、异十二烷基,或苄基、乙苯基。烷氧基例如是甲氧基、乙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基。芳基或未被取代,或被卤素取代、或被优选具有1-6个碳原子、特别优选具有1-4个碳原子的烷基、或被优选具有1-4个碳原子的烷氧基取代的苯基或萘基,其中优选苯基。卤素为氟、氯、溴。优选R1为氢,R2为芳基,优选为未被取代的或被卤素取代的、或被1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的、或被1-4个碳原子的烷氧基取代的苯基或萘基,尤其优选的是未被取代的或被烷基取代的苯基或萘基。
这样,式Ia化合物属于优选的N-取代的甘氨酸和甘氨酸酯
式中R的含义如前所述;R4、R5、R6、R7和R8各自独立为氢、卤素、1-6个碳原子的烷基或1-4个碳原子的烷氧基,或者R5和R6或R6和R7或R4和R8与他们取代处连接的二个碳原子一起构成未被取代的或被卤素、1-6个碳原子的烷基或1-4个碳原子的烷氧基所取代的苯环;R9为氢、1-6个碳原子的烷基,并可被任选地取代,或是一芳基,可任选地被卤素、烷基或烷氧基取代。
为了制备式I化合物,首先将式II的乙醛酸酯或乙醛酸半缩醛与式III的胺反应,反应在0℃、优选为室温到所用稀释剂的回流温度、并任选于加热加压下反应。稀释剂优选为醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇,最好是所用醇的烷基部分与所用乙醛酸酯半缩醛的烷基部分相同。
每摩尔式II的乙醛酸酯-或乙醛酸半缩醛至少与1摩尔的式III的胺反应,但一般至少是1-5摩尔的胺,优选为1-3摩尔、尤其优选用1-1.5摩尔胺。反应优选在常压下进行,但也可在1-20巴压力下进行。
反应最好按常规方法用层析法跟踪。反应毕(可通过反应混合物中某个半缩醛消失来证实),将反应液冷却。得到的中间体未作化学确证,但推测为式R1R2-N-C(OH)(OR3)-COOR,R1R2-N-CH(OH)-COOR,R1R2-NCH(OR3)COOR化合物,或者是当R2为氢原子时,为式R1N=CH-COOR化合物,式中R、R1、R2和R3的含义同前。蒸除溶剂加以分离,并任选地用萃取、蒸馏、层析法纯化。但反应混合物不必分离中间体可直接进行氢化是有利的。
中间体的氢化是在氢化催化剂和稀释剂存在下进行,稀释剂应对反应条件是惰性的,例如脂肪烃,如己烷、戊烷,芳烃如甲苯、二甲苯,醚类如二异丙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、二恶烷、吡啶、水和醇,或这些溶剂的混合物,优选用1-8个碳原子的脂肪醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、己醇、辛醇、稀释剂应比中间体过量,优选为5-30倍过量(以重量计)。中间体应溶解于稀释剂中。
用作氢化的催化剂宜用在加氢过程中将碳原子的半缩醛基、羟基或烷氧基裂解掉,或宜于催化氢化烯胺成胺。这类催化剂作为活性成分的为金属,如镍、钴、铂、钯或这些金属的化合物如氧化物,其可共同使用或与其它金属或金属的化合物合用,例如铁、铑、铜。优选用的活性成分是镍。该催化剂可附着在常规载体上,或是必要时附着在整体载体上以作为固定床催化剂使用,优选附着在载体上使用。
每1摩尔中间体一般用催化剂至少0.5g。由于催化剂的优选用量取决于其效率性,所以合适的催化剂用量优选为约催化剂量。
合适的催化剂和催化剂量可以很容易地通过已知规格的催化剂的不同量进行简单预实验来确定。
氢气按常规法通到反应混合液中,将氢气与含中间体、稀释剂和催化剂的混合物加压反应为宜。氢气为1-120巴,优选为20-100巴,最好是40-80巴。
氢化于10℃-150℃温度下进行,优选为20℃-130℃。
生成式I的N-取代甘氨酸酯或N-取代的甘氨酸,效率很高。该反应按适宜的方法最好是层析法进行跟踪。反应毕,蒸除稀释剂,分离出N-取代的甘氨酸酯或N-取代的甘氨酸,必要时用常规方法如萃取、层析、蒸馏法纯化。生成的N-取代的甘氨酸酯和N-取代的甘氨酸的纯度很高,因此不必精制也能满足大多数目的。反应混合物中例如含有N-苯基甘氨酸酯可直接用于其它进一步反应。N-取代的甘氨酸酯和N-取代的甘氨酸可按已知方法优选地转变成盐,例如碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。优选的盐为钠和钾盐。甘氨酸酯还可在必要时按常规方法转变成游离酸。
尤其优选的方法是乙醛酸酯半缩醛与式R1NH2胺以摩尔比为1∶1-1.5,于脂醇中常压加热回流进行反应。乙醛酸酯半缩醛的二个烷基是相同的,为1-4个碳原子的直链烷基。胺中的R1为未被取代、或被卤素、1-4个碳原子的烷基或1-4个碳原子的烷氧基取代的苯基或萘基,溶剂脂醇的烷基与乙醛酸酯半缩醛的烷基相同。反应用层析法跟踪。乙醛酸酯半缩醛自反应液中消失后,加入催化剂,活性成分为镍或附着在载体上,于40-80巴压力下氢化。反应用层析法跟踪。反应毕,任选用蒸除稀释剂方法分离出生成的N-苯基甘氨酸酯,并可按常规方法任选地用萃取、蒸馏、层析法纯化,或将含有N-苯基甘氨酸酯的反应混合物直接进入下一步反应。
式I的N-取代甘氨酸酯及N-取代甘氨酸可用来合成各种化学物质,如除草剂的中间体或药物中间体。按本发明方法制备的芳基甘氨酸酯优选用于合成相应的3-羟基吲哚,并进而制备相应的靛蓝衍生物。出人意料的是N-芳基甘氨酸酯可直接关环成3-羟基吲哚,即不必预先水解掉酯基。
本发明给出了用式I、优选式Ib和Ia制备式IV的3-羟基吲哚衍生物的方法。
式中R4、R5、R6和R7各自独立为氢、卤素、1-6个碳原子的烷基或1-4个碳原子的烷氧基,或R5与R6或R6与R7都与他们所取代的两个碳原子共同构成未被取代或被卤素、1-6个碳原子烷基、1-4个碳原子烷氧基取代的苯基,该方法的特征是,式I b的N-芳基甘氨酸酯(R、R4、R5、R6和R7的含义同前),按上述制备方法分离或不必分离,在熔融的碱或碱土金属氢氧化物的存在下,加入或不加氨基碱金属盐,温度为150-300℃,关环成式IV的3-羟基吲哚。
式IV中R4、R5、R6和R7优选为氢、卤素、1-4个碳原子的烷基,1-4个碳原子的烷氧基,尤其优选为氢或烷基。
N-芳基甘氨酸酯的关环如同芳基甘氨酸一样,按照Rompps ChemieLexikon(p.1881)所述的方法,将N-取代的甘氨酸酯的烷基以醇的形式裂解掉。
由式IV所示的3-羟基吲哚衍生物出发,可以制备式V的靛蓝衍生物:
式中R4、R5、R6和R7与式IV所述含义相同,该方法的特征是,式IV的3-羟基吲哚按照本发明方法或常规方法,优选按照Chemische Berichte Jg99,2146-2154(1966)所述方法,氧化成式IV的靛蓝衍生物,式中R4、R5、R6和R7的含义同前。
按照上述的方法,可以以良好的效率制备N-取代的甘氨酸酯、3-羟基吲哚-和靛蓝衍生物,本发明方法更加充实了该方法。
实施例:通法
0.375摩尔的式III胺溶解于大约9-13倍重量的甲醇中,将0.375摩尔乙醛酸甲酯甲基半缩醛(GMHA)(45g)或0.375摩尔乙醛酸甲基半缩醛(GSHA)(39.75g)溶解于大约12倍重量的甲醇中,混合后于25-45℃反应。反应过程用薄层层析跟踪。反应毕,将反应液置于氢化器内,于115℃,60巴氢压下镍催化剂催化,后者附着于载体上(Ni6485 ENge1HaRdt公司)进行氢解。反应用薄层层析跟踪。反应毕,滤除催化剂,蒸除稀释剂。由于得到的N-取代甘氨酸酯的纯度非常高,在一些情况下可达到99%,也可以进一步纯化。表1列出了制备N-取代甘氨酸酯或甘氨酸的一般制备方法,收率。得到的N-取代甘氨酸酯和甘氨酸的性质及其纯度是用气相色谱法与化学纯的物质进行比较表示的。
表1
实施例 A B P 收率
1 3.48苯胺 45g GMHA 62g N-苯基甘氨酸甲酯 100
2 40.9g 4-羟基苯胺 45g GMHA 67g N-4羟基甘氨酸甲酯 99
3 56.6g邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯 45g GMHA 56g N-2甲氧羰基甘氨酸甲酯 99
4 53.6g 1-萘胺 45g GMHA 62g N-萘基甘氨酸甲酯 89
5 40.1g苄胺 45g GMHA 67g N-苄基甘氨酸甲酯 100
6 34.8g苯胺 39.75g GSHA 53.7g N-苯基甘氨酸 95
表1中
A:为式III胺的用量及名称
B:为乙醛酸酯或乙醛酸半缩醛用量
P:得到的产物N-取代的甘氨酸酯的用量及名称
收率:以式III的胺用量为计,理论收率
实施例7
按实施例1所述的方法制备0.5g N-苯基甘氨酸甲酯,与热熔融的氢氧化钾2.5g和0.3g氨基钠混合,反应温度260-270℃,反应数分钟。得到的3-羟基吲哚和熔融的氢氧化钾倾入冰水中。通入空气到水性悬浮液中,滤集、干燥,得0.3g靛蓝。
Claims (6)
1、一种制备下式IV所表示的3-羟基吲哚衍生物的方法,
式IV中R4、R5、R6和R7各自独立为氢,或者R5与R6或R6与R7同它们取代时所连接的二个碳原子一起构成未被取代的苯环,该方法的特征是,式Ib所表示的N-芳基甘氨酸或N-芳基甘氨酸酯,在熔融的碱金属或碱土金属氢氧化物存在下,有或没有氨化碱金属存在下于150-300℃下环合成式IV所表示的3-羟基吲哚,
式Ib中R为氢、1-10个碳原子的烷基,R4、R5、R6和R7的含义与上面所述的相同;而且,式Ib所表示的N-芳基甘氨酸或N-芳基甘氨酸酯是由式II所表示的乙醛酸酯-或乙醛酸半缩醛与式III所表示的胺反应制得,
R3O(OH)CH-COOR II, R1R2NH III
式II和式III中R的含义同前,R1是具有4个碳原子的烷基和苯基取代的烷基,或者R1为未取代的苯基或萘基,R3为1-4个碳原子的烷基,该反应是在稀释剂中于0℃到稀释剂的回流温度间进行,得到的中间体在氢化催化剂和稀释剂存在下于加压氢下催化反应,从而生成式Ib的N-取代甘氨酸或N-取代甘氨酸酯,必要时将他们自反应混合物中分离出,并任选地将酸变成盐,酯可转变成游离酸。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是,所用的式II的化合物中R和R3是相同的,为1-4个碳原子的烷基。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征是,氢解压力为40-80巴,温度为20-130℃。
4、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征是,被加入的式III化合物的R1为未被取代的的苯基或萘基。
5、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征是,1摩尔的化合物II与1-1.5摩尔的式III化合物反应。
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AT0262593A AT401930B (de) | 1993-12-27 | 1993-12-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung von n-substituierten glycinestern und verfahren zur indigosynthese aus den so hergestellten glycinestern |
ATA2625/1993 | 1993-12-27 | ||
DE4403829A DE4403829A1 (de) | 1993-12-27 | 1994-02-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von N-substituierten Glycinestern und Verwendung des Verfahrens zur Indigosynthese |
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US6001781A (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 1999-12-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Process for preparing condensation product of hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds and glyoxylic reactants |
US6864210B2 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2005-03-08 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Bimetallic olefin polymerization catalysts containing indigoid ligands |
US20130065833A1 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2013-03-14 | Northwestern University | Alkylated sp-b peptoid compounds and related lung surfactant compositions |
CN103992241B (zh) * | 2014-06-05 | 2016-08-24 | 雅本化学股份有限公司 | N-取代苯基甘氨酸的制备方法 |
CN105254517B (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-08-25 | 上海安诺其集团股份有限公司 | 一种萘环化合物及其制备方法 |
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US2777873A (en) * | 1954-07-01 | 1957-01-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Preparation of esters of omega-amino acids |
CH365385A (de) * | 1958-01-13 | 1962-11-15 | Geigy Ag J R | Verfahren zur Herstellung von a-substituierten Glycinen bzw. Glycinestern |
US4073804A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1978-02-14 | Boise Cascade Corporation | Producing glycine by the reductive amination of glyoxylic acid |
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