CN1187123A - 眼炎治疗 - Google Patents
眼炎治疗 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1187123A CN1187123A CN96194522A CN96194522A CN1187123A CN 1187123 A CN1187123 A CN 1187123A CN 96194522 A CN96194522 A CN 96194522A CN 96194522 A CN96194522 A CN 96194522A CN 1187123 A CN1187123 A CN 1187123A
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- Prior art keywords
- tetrandrine
- virus
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- inflammation
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Abstract
一种治疗患有与角膜炎或结膜炎相关的眼炎的患者的方法,该方法包括给患者服用一定量的含粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂的药用组合物,该用量能有效减轻眼炎。
Description
本发明涉及病原性或变应原性眼炎的治疗。例如,过敏性结膜炎是由许多普通空气传播的变应原引起的特应性现象。与普通人群不同,患有过敏性结膜炎的患者在遇到所述变应原时会出现眼表面的瘙痒和灼烧。临床症状包括球结膜水肿、流泪、结膜充血、及眼脸浮肿。在发炎的第二种例子中,角膜炎可由诸如病毒、细菌和真菌的病原体引起。角膜炎的症状包括疼痛、视力减弱、流泪和畏光。由于角膜无血管,角膜炎的治疗特别困难。
一般,本发明涉及一种治疗患有与角膜炎或结膜炎相关的眼炎的患者的方法。该方法包括给患者服用(例如经表皮、口服、结膜下或肌内使用)含有一定量的粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂和可以药用的载体的组合物,所述用量能有效减轻炎症。可将该药用组合物制成片剂、胶囊、液体、软膏或乳膏。
本发明的方法可用于治疗由病毒(如单纯疱疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、天花病毒、牛痘病毒(vacceinial virus)、腺病毒、麻疹病毒、风疹病毒和腮腺炎病毒)等引起的角膜炎。类似地,可将该方法用于治疗由变应原和任何其它化学或生物剂引起的结膜炎。
通过下面的详细说明及所附的权利要求书可以理解本发明的其它特征或优点。
发炎是受伤组织的保护性反应,其作用是破坏、稀释或隔离致伤剂。所述致伤剂包括病原体、变应原、有毒化合物、酸性或碱性剂和创伤。
更具体地讲,由角膜炎引起的炎性反应包括角膜表皮的不规则性、溃疡生成、基质浮肿、角膜的新血管形成、异常大数量的单核白细胞、中性粒细胞或其组合的出现,以及增加的对角膜炎病原体的血清特异性抗体反应。由角膜炎引起的角膜炎症还会损伤患者的视力。由结膜炎引起的炎性反应包括眼睑浮肿、结膜充血、充血、瘙痒、和异常嗜曙红粒细胞和肥大细胞浸润。
炎症的有效治疗包括减轻一种或几种上述炎性反应。这种减轻可以通过临床观察(例如,浮肿,见下表1,例1)测定,并通过本领域技术人员熟知的与炎症相关的几种免疫组织学或生物化学分析(例如,肥大细胞迁移和mRNA表达)测定。
本发明所披露的方法部分基于如下发现:粉防己碱能有效治疗眼炎,如在BALB/C小鼠上由单纯疱疹病毒1-诱发的角膜炎引起的眼炎。用粉防己碱或其激动剂治疗可以改善角膜炎的临床症状并下调受治小鼠角膜中促炎细胞因子IL-1β的mRNA基因表达(见下文中例2)。
另外,用粉防己碱或其激动剂治疗可以减轻结膜,包括眼睑的皮下组织的过敏性炎症。与未处理组相比,通过临床和组织病理学测定的上述减轻从统计学上看是明显的。粉防己碱不仅能抑制嗜曙红粒细胞和肥大的细胞的浸润,还能使引起过敏反应的肥大细胞脱粒化。因此,粉防己碱及其拮抗性不仅是嗜曙红粒细胞和肥大细胞迁移的抑制剂,而且是肥大细胞的稳定剂。
众所周知,活化的嗜曙红粒细胞和肥大细肥能产生颗粒体蛋白(14KD、15KD、17KD、18KD、19KD、21KD、和55KD),脂质介体,包括白细胞三烯C4、D4和E4,和组胺。白介素1(IL-1)与特异性和非特异性炎症反应有关。肥大细胞和嗜伊红粒细胞均能产生这种细胞因子(以及IL-3、IL-5、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子和转化生长因子)。粉防己碱及其激动剂能抑制所述炎症介体的合成或释放。
本文所披露的方法能有效治疗由诸多病原体、物质(如变应原)和环境条件(如创伤、变性或维生素A缺乏)所引起的眼炎。眼部炎性病原体的例子包括(i)病毒,如HSV-1病毒、HSV-2病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒、天花病毒、痘苗病毒、腺病毒、麻疹病毒、风疹病毒和腮腺炎病毒;(ii)细菌,如肺炎球菌属、假单孢菌属、莫拉氏菌属(双杆菌)、酿脓链球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、绿色链球菌、偶发分技杆菌和诺卡氏菌属;(iii)真菌,如念珠菌属、镰孢菌属、曲霉属、青霉属和头孢霉属;(IV)衣原体属;和(V)寄生虫。炎性物质的例子包括酸性或碱性化合物、有毒化合物或致免疫剂。
根据本发明,由上述任一种情形引起的眼炎的治疗包括服用一种含有粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂的组合物。粉防己碱是一种苄基异喹啉,于1935年首次从中草药“汉防己”(“hanfangchi”)中分离得到,它是防己科的粉防己(Stephania tetrandra S.Moore。生物化学杂志(J.Biol、Chem),109:681-685(1935)。粉防己碱(6,6′,7,12-四甲氧基-2,2′一二甲基berbaman)于1968年首次合成,Inubishi,Y.等,粉防己碱通讯(Tetra.Lett).3399(1968)。已分离或合成了粉防己碱和类粉防己碱异喹啉、双异喹啉、苄基异喹啉和双苄基异喹啉的多种结构类似物。这些类似物是粉防己碱激动剂。可用于实施本发明治疗方法的粉防己碱激动剂包括,但不限于下列出版物中所列举化学式所覆盖的化合物。类似地,在下列出版物中还披露了粉防己碱或其激动剂的多种合成和分离方法。
US 2,206,407(1940)
US 2,248,241(1941)
Dutcher,(美国化学学会会志)(J.Am.Chem.Soc.)68:419(1946)
Inubushi,Y.日本药学会会志(J.Pharm.Soc.Japan),72:220(1952)
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Bich等,澳大利亚化学杂志(Aust.J.Chem.)9:11(1956)
化学文献(Chem.Absrt.)51:10113a(1957)
Kametani,Fukunmoto,化学会志增刊(J.chem.Soc.Suppl.)2,6141(1965)
Tomita等,粉防己碱通讯(Tetra.Lett.)1210(1967)
Inubushi,Y.等,粉防己碱通讯(Tetra.Lett.)3399-3402(1968)
日本专利JP71 021396B(1971)
Inubushi,Nomura,化学药物通报(Chem.Pharm.Bull.)25:1636(1977)
中国医学材料大词典(Great Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica)(1979)
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JP3-44323(1991)
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Kondo,Y,等,生化药学(Biochem.Pharmacol.)46:1887-1892(1993)
Marshall,S.J.,等,抗菌剂和化学治疗(Antimicrobial Agents andChemotherapy),38:96-103(1994)
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下面的例1和2中所用的粉防己碱可以商购(Aldrich,St.Louis,Mo),而且可以随时按文献中所披露的方法提取或合成(例如,见生物化学杂志(J.Biol.Chem.)109:681-685,1935;Merk Index,第11版,1989)。
粉防己碱激动剂的例子包括:berbamuninum、千金藤素、千金藤醇宁、锡生藤任、轮环藤宁、三裂胺、三裂碱、蝙蝠葛碱、蝙蝙葛醇宁、蝙蝠葛可啉、蝙蝠葛灵、表千金藤碱、epistepharune、粉己宁、防己醇宁、香唐松碱、海牙亭啶、海牙亭、海牙亭宁、莲酮叶嗪,莲叶酮叶素、莲叶酮碱、高阿莫灵碱、高唐松草任碱、次表千金藤碱、次表千金藤醇灵、岛藤醇灵、异谷树碱、异莲心碱、isooxyacthine、异粉防己碱、异三裂碱、莲心碱、
螺碱、木兰胺、木兰碱、门尼萨任、防己定、门尼新碱、(++)-4″-O-甲基箭毒素、O-甲基唐松草檗碱、荷花碱、尖刺碱、千金藤西明、千金藤福灵、箭头唐松草碱、香唐松草碱、唐松草檗碱、唐松草嗪、唐松草任碱、唐松草萨胺、唐松草西明、箭头唐松草碱啶、唐松草质、脱氢唐松草西明、唐松品宁碱、唐松品碱、1-贝比碱、千金藤素、千金藤醇宁、木防己宾碱、小檗胺、粉防己碱甲碘化物、pycnamine、黄皮树碱、dinklacorine、岛藤碱、阿莫灵、trigilletimine、cocsoline、木防己宁、木防己宁甲碘化物和gilletine。粉防己碱激动剂是具有与粉防己碱相同的抗炎作用的结构类似物。粉防己碱激动剂包括上述化合物的对映体、非对映体和内旋异构体,如1-粉防己碱(phanthine)、(R,R)pycnamine、(R、S)黄皮树碱、(R,S)dinklacorine、(R、R)离藤碱、和(R,S)golletine。
如上述实例所示,很多粉防己碱激动剂在其C-l、C-6、C-7、N-2、C′-l、N′-2、C′-6、C′-7、和C′-8位被修饰过。粉防己碱N-2和N′-2上的甲基可以被氢、羟基或烷基所取代,或者在N-2和C-1之间可以有双键。C-6、C′-6和C-7位上的甲氧基可以各自分别被氢、烷基、烷氧基、羟基或卤基所取代。粉防己碱上的手性碳原子C-1和C′-l的(S,S)立体化学可分别为S或R。例如,粉防己碱上的7′、8-含氧连键也可以在C- 6′和C-8之间;在这种情况下,C′-7被氢、烷基、烷氧基、羟基或卤基所取代。另外,C-1和C′-1上的苄基可能通过苄环之间的桥氧基相互连接,基中,所述桥氧基是相对于各苄基的亚甲基的邻、间或对位。各苄基可以在其一个或几个位置上(如C-12、C-11、或C-13或相应的C′位)分别被羟基、氨基、卤基、烷基或烷氧基取代。
在本文中,烷基包括支链、直链和环烃基团。烷基的例子包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、叔戊基、环戊基、己基和环己基。烷基一词包括被一个、二个或三个卤原子取代的上述支链、直链和环烃。所述卤代烷基的例子包括三氟甲基、氯甲基和2-碘丙基。烷氧基包括上述烷基的相应的脱质子化的醇形式。举例来说,烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、环丙氧基、丁氧基、和己氧基。卤基包括氟、氯、溴和碘基团。
一方面,粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂是与选自铜、锌和镁的金属离子螯合的。
粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂被用于治疗诸如哺乳动物特别是人的患者的角膜炎或结膜炎。用于实施本发明对眼炎治疗的活性化合物的有效量因服用方式、患者的年龄和体重和受治患者的状况而异,并最终由主治医师或兽医决定。在本文中,由主治医师或兽医决定的上述活性化合物用量被称为“有效量”。
可通过与可以药用的非毒性赋形剂和载体混合将本发明的化合物制成药用组合物。本发明的药用组合物可以含有一种以上本发明化合物,和/或也可以含有本发明以外的治疗化合物,如类黄酮化合物。例如,可以药用的盐可由1、2、3或更高当量的HCL、HBr和三氟乙酸组成。药物制备领域技术人员所公知的可以接受的平衡阴离子例子包括碘化物,碘酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、酒石酸盐、草酸盐、乙酸盐和硝酸盐。用于肠胃外给药的配方可以含有作为普通赋形剂的无菌水或无菌盐水,聚亚烷基二醇,如聚乙二醇,植物油、氢化萘等。通过采用生物相容性、可由生物降解的丙交酯聚合物和丙交酯/乙交酯共聚物或聚氧化乙烯/聚氧化丙烯共聚物可以部分实现本发明化合物的控制释放。其它肠胃外给料系统包括乙烯/乙烯基乙酸酯颗粒、渗透泵、可移植的灌输系统和脂质体。用于吸入服用的配方含有乳糖、聚氧乙烯-9-壬基醚、甘胆酸盐或脱氧胆酸盐。本发明的化合物可以单位剂型服用,并可以用药学领域所熟知的任何方法制备,如披露于雷明登药物科学(Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences)(Mack Pub.Co.,Easton,PA,1980)中的方法。本发明的另一方面为包装药物,其含有被制成单一剂量的药用组合物,并印有供患者自己服用时使用的说明。
粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂可制成供肠胃外给药的形式,特别是溶液或液体悬液形式。例如,在某些实施方案中,含有粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂的药用组合物是通过肌肉注射给药。还可将粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂制成供口服的剂形,特别是片剂或胶囊形式;或鼻内给药形式,特别是粉剂、凝胶、油性溶液、滴鼻液、气雾剂、或其它液体配方。局部给药包括表皮给药(为乳膏、凝胶、滴剂、软膏或其他液体配方形式)和通过局部注射给药。一般,为了实施本发明,粉防己碱或其激动剂可以水成生理缓冲溶液形式提供,供肠胃外给药的浓度约为0.01-1.0%W/V(g/ml)。
可以药用的混合物中所披露的化合物的浓度因几种因素而变化,包括被给药化合物的剂量、所用化合物的药物动力学物性、和给药途径。在某些实施方案中,按照本领域所熟知的因素给药其它专一性和非专一性药物,所述因素包括所涉及的病原体和患者的一般健康状况。以单一剂量给出的常用剂量范围约为5-50mg/kg体重/日。每单一剂量可以含有本发明相同或不同的化合物。总剂量为取决于几种因素的有效量,包括患者的总体健康状况,以及所选化合物的配方和给药途径。
例如,中度角膜炎一般是通过局部给药方式治疗,包括表皮给药(例如,诸如滴眼液的液体、软膏和乳膏)和结膜下注射粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂溶液。另一方面,严重的角膜炎通常是通过上述局部给药和口服(例如,片剂、胶囊)或肌肉途径(例如,注射、受控的药物释放移植物)全身给药粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂的组合形式进行治疗。
相信本领域技术人员无须付出创造性劳动即可根据本说明将本发明利用的淋漓尽至。因此,下面的具体实施例仅仅是用于说明的,而不是要以任何方式对本发明进行限定。本文所提及的所有出版物均被引入作参考文献。
例1
将80只8-10周龄的雌性SWR/J小鼠(Jackson实验室,Bar Harber,ME)圈养在VR-1层流隔离装置(Lab Products Inc.,Biomedic Coporation,Rochelle Park,NJ)小隔中,不限量给食、给水,并按照用于眼科和视力研究的动物的ARVO标准护理。将这些动物分成20只小鼠一组,共4组:第1组,正常对照(未操作);第二组,未处理;第3组,缓冲液(BS)处理;第4组,粉防己碱(TOR)处理。粉防己碱获自中国广州,南方医院,眼科,眼免疫学和药物学实验室。粉防己碱在转化为氢氯酸盐形式后可溶于水。免疫作用
在第1-5天用调至10ul的Eppendorf微量移液管将1.25mg短豚草(Ambrosia artemisiaefolia)花粉(International Biologicals,Piedmont,OK)输入第2、3和4组动物的鼻孔和右眼结膜囊。在第8天,通过将1.25mg豚草粉输入右眼的结膜囊对小鼠进行刺激。不对第一组动物进行免疫和刺激。在层流橱下用Eppendorf微量移液管给药豚草粉。将微量移液管的顶端插入装有豚草的试管中,并插吸花粉,然后将微量移液管的顶端置于接近小鼠眼睛处,并通过推压Eppendorf微量移液管的上部释出豚草。
表1 临床症状得分组 n 临床得分 P正常处理 20 0未处理 20 3.0±0.7BS-处理 20 2.9±0.6TDR-处理 20 2.4±0. <0.05* *分别与未处理和Bs-处理组进行比较
所有接受豚草处理的小鼠(第2-4组)在结膜刺激后均出现过敏性结膜炎的症状,如结膜充血、发红和浮肿(表1)。在BS-处理组和未处理组之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。相反,粉防己碱处理的小鼠的临床症状得分明显低于未处理的和BS-处理的小鼠(P<0.05)。组织学
在例1中,在杀死小鼠之后(注射50mg/ml戊巴比妥,Nembutal,AbbottLaboratorice,ChicagoIL),将眼球摘出。对眼球进行处理以便进行光学显微镜检(LM):在由1%仲甲醛、1.25%戊二醛、0.13%蔗糖和25mM磷酸钠的150mM卡可酸钠缓冲液溶液组成Karnovsky′s溶液中固定24小时,通过梯度系列乙醇/水溶液脱水,并用一个LKB超级处理器(LKB-Producer AB,Bromma,Sweden)将其包埋在乙二醇异丁烯酸酯(Historesin,Reichert-Jung,Heidelberg,Germany)。为了观察肥大细胞,用苏木精伊红或碱性姬姆萨对切片(2.5um)进行染色。用一台Olympus B-H显微镜(Olympus OpticalCo.Ltd.,Todyo,Japan)和一个目镜微米载网来测定载玻片(放在倍数400x)。用一个0.25×0.25mm的载网计数结膜上皮和紧邻结膜上皮下部里的细胞;用一个0.25×0.25mm的载网计数气孔细胞。每一切片计数3个视野。
表2 组织病理学观察+组 n 嗜曙红细胞 总肥大细胞 脱粒肥大细胞正常 15 1±1 7±2 1±1未处理 15 41±29 17±6 7±4BS 15 36±17 16±5 6±3TDR 15 23±23* 12±1* 2±2* +值:细胞/mm2(±SD)平均值*TDR-处理组与未处理组或BS处理组之间的显著差异(P<0.05)。
未处理组和BS-处理组具有典型的过敏性结膜炎,其病理性特征是在结膜的表皮下和基质中,以及眼睑的皮下组织中有大量的炎性细胞。浸润细胞为肥大细胞,而主要为嗜曙红细胞。接近上皮的基质具有最大的嗜曙红细胞浸润。相反,由粉防己碱处理的小鼠的眼中这种炎性细胞的量明显较少。
肥大细胞存在于眼睑组织中,但不存在于任何一组的上皮中。未处理组和BS-处理组动物眼中的大部分肥大细胞是脱粒的。与未处理组(P<0.01)和Bs-处理组(P<0.05)相比,粉防己碱处理组动物的眼睛的肥大细胞的浸润明显较少,而且,脱粒也较轻。细胞因子mRNA基因表达
在第8天(免疫后)刺激后40分钟,在显微镜下采集每一小鼠组的4个结膜组织用于PCR分析。按以前披露的方法进行mRNA提取、cDNA合成和PCR扩增。Cai,X.等,眼科及视觉科学研究(Invest.Ophthamol.Vis.Sci.),34:3585-3592,1993。将组织样品浸入在4℃下保温的RNAzolB溶液(Biotex Laboratory,Houston,TX)中,然后在该溶液中匀浆,用苯酚和氯仿提取,并用异丙醇沉淀,即异丙醇∶上清液=1∶1(V/V)。用2.0ug总RNA合成cDNA。引物序列如下:IL-1β:有义链 5′ATGGCAACTGTTCCTGAACTC (序列1)
反义链 3′CAGGACAGGTATAGATTCTTTC (序列2)IL-5:有义链 5′GCACAGTGGTGAAAGAGAC (序列3)
反义链 3′TGTGGTTCCTTGAGAACGT (序列4)以2单位/反应AmpdiTap DNA聚合酶(Boehringer,Indianapdis,IL)和10μlcDNA的浓度进行PCR。各管中的总反应体积为50ul。在一台Perkin Elner热循环仪9600型(Perkins Elmer Cetus,Nerwalk,CT)上对所述管进行扩增,采用以下参数:在94℃下45秒,IL-1β在60℃下45秒,或IL-5在52℃下45秒,以及在72℃下2分,共计40个循环。
PCR后分析未在正常结膜中发现IL-1β和IL-5的mRNA表达。在未处理组和BS-处理组发现在结膜中有相当强的IL-1βmRNA基因表达。不过,粉防己碱处理组的结膜中IL-1β的mRNA表达明显降低。很明显,粉防己碱能明显抑制由豚草刺激的IL-1β和mRNA基因表达。
在未处理的和处理的组的结膜中,IL-5的mRNA基因表达水平低于IL-1β的表达水平,且这两组的情况相当。不过,在粉防己碱处理的组中,IL-5的mRNA表达明显降低。
例2
用例1所述方法对获自Jackson实验室(BarHarbor,ME)的6-8周龄雄性BALB/C小鼠进行圈养和护理。单纯疱疹病毒(KOS株)获自Dawid Knipe博士(哈佛医学院,波斯顿)。在Vero细胞单层(ATCC CCL81,Roctville,MD)中生长并传代2次后,将该病毒母液悬浮在Eagle′s MEM中。例如,参见Foster,C.S.,Eye,3:194-203(1989)和Foster等,美国眼科学会会刊(Trans.Am.Ophtbamol.Soc.),92:325-350(1994),按上述方法获得粉防己碱;将无环鸟苷(Burroughs Wellcome,Research Triangle Park,NC)新溶于蒸馏水中,制成1.5%的溶液。接种
通过腹膜内注射2mg盐酸氯酮胺(Ketalar,Parke-Davis,MorrisPlams,NJ)和400ug甲苯噻嗪(Rompun,Mobay,Shawnee,KS)麻醉小鼠。用25号针以交错方式刮每只小鼠的右眼角膜8次,并涂上含105PEU的HSV-1悬浮液5ul。对感染HSV-1的22只小鼠腹膜内注射蒸馏水作为对照组。从感染当天起计算天数。实验组的12只小鼠每日各自两次腹膜内注射:第0天起给第1组注射无环鸟苷(120mg/kg);第2组从第7天起注射无环鸟苷(120mg/kg);第3组从第0天起注射粉防己碱(30mg/kg);第4组从第7天起注射粉防己碱(30mg/kg)。临床得分
接种后,用一台操作显微镜对接种的眼睛进行为期2周的观察。以0-4+的分数对临床上发现的基质浮肿和细胞浸润的发展、角膜新血管形成和角膜溃疡进行打分。
在22只接种过的对照小鼠中有16只出现单纯疱疹诱发的角膜炎(HSK)(72.7%的发病率)。在第2组中,无环鸟苷处理始于第7天,结果12只小鼠中有6只发生HSK(发病率为50%,与对照的差异不明显,P>0.05)。相反,在第4组,从第7天起用粉防己碱进行处理,结果在12只小鼠中仅有一只出现HSK(发病率8.5%,P<0.01)。始于第0天的无环鸟苷处理能降低第1组中HSK的发病率至0%(P<0.01;10只小鼠),而在第3、5组中,在从第0天起开始用粉防己碱处理后有11只小鼠出现HSK(发病率45.4%从统计学上看,与对照的差异不明显,P>0.05)。特异抗体检测
通过直接ELISA在感染小鼠的血清中检测到HSV-1的特异抗体。在4℃下用0.1ml溶于50mM碳酸氢钠缓冲液(PH9.6)中的HSV-1(KOS株)溶液包被Titertek微量滴定板(ICN Biochemicals Inc.,Horsham,DA)过夜。用由20mM磷酸缓冲的盐溶液配制的0.05%Tween-20溶液(PBS-Tween)洗涤3次,然后在37℃下将该滴定板与稀释于PBS-Tween(PH7.4)中的正常兔血清一起培养2小时。再进行一系列的洗涤,然后将实验或对照小鼠血清的1∶4稀释液加入孔中并培养2小时。将所述滴定板洗涤3次,然后将1∶5000的过氧化物酶F(ab′)2兔抗小鼠IgG(Jackson ImmmunoResearch,WestGrove,PA)稀释液加入各孔中,并将该滴定板培养2小时。再进行最后一系列的洗涤,然后将邻-苯二胺(Sigma Chemical Co.,St.Louis,MO)作为过氧化物酶底物加入各孔中(0.1ml由0.02M磷酸氢二钠配制的0.033%的溶液,W/V)。使显色反应进行30分钟,通过加入2N硫酸终止上述反应,用一台Titertek多扫描读板仪(multiscan plate reader)(Labsytem,Helsinki;,Finland)在492nm处测光吸收。对HSV-1的特异抗体反应如下表所示:
表3
*对HSV-1的抗体反应对照 1.184±0.678 OD第3组 0.726±0.130 OD(P<0.01)第4组 0.827±0.295 OD(p<0.05)*用无环鸟苷处理的小鼠的抗体反应也明显减弱。组织学
在进行角膜激发之后第14天,通过吸入CO2的方式杀死小鼠。摘出接种过的眼球,在Karnovsky′s固定液中固定,并包埋于LKB Historesin(LKBProdickerAB,Bromma,Sweden)中。用一台Sorvall JB-4切片机制备切片(2.5um),并用苏木精伊红染色。在对照组中,在角膜损伤和前房中出现的大量单核白细胞和中性粒细胞证实了炎性反应。获自第1组的眼未出现炎性反应,但获自第2组的眼出现明显的基质角膜炎,获自第3组的眼也是如此。与第2组和第3组相比,获自第4组的眼出现明显较少的单核白细胞。细胞因子mRNA基因表达
按照Cai,X.等的方法眼科学及视觉科学研究(Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci),34:3585-92(1993))从角膜中提取总RNA。在感染后的第14天,在显微镜下采集各组的角膜,在RNAzol B溶液(BiotexLaboratory,Houston,TX)中匀浆,用苯酚和氯仿提取,并用异丙醇(1∶1,V/V)沉淀。用75%的乙醇洗涤RNA沉淀,风干,溶于蒸馏水中。在合成cDNA之前于-70℃下保存该样品。
在70℃下将2ug总RNA变性10分钟,并在37℃下以20ul的总体积与0.5mM寡聚(dT)引物、0.5mM各种脱氧核苷三磷酸、50mMTris-HCL(PH8.3)、10mM MgCl2,20.μRNAsm(Promega,Madison,WI)、和2.5U禽成髓细胞性白血病病毒逆转录酶(BRL,Gaithersburg,MD)培养1小时。在培养结束时用蒸馏水将反应混合物的体积调至30u1。
在一台自动DNA合成仪上通过亚磷酸酰胺酯法合成用于各细胞因子的序列特异性引物,并用Sephadex NAP-10柱纯化(两种装置均购自Pharmacia,Picscataway,NJ)。该寡核甘酸引物的序列基于基因文库中所公开的序列。该序列和预期的扩增PCR产物(碱基对或BP)列于表4中。
在将总PNA逆转录成cDNA后,采用稍加改进的蜡丸(waxpellet)热启动技术进行PCR。简言之,PT-PCR反应的低级试剂(1ower reagent)混合物含有终浓度为12.5mM的Tris-HCl,PH8.3,62.5mMKCl(10×PCR缓冲液II)(Perkin Elmer,Novwalk,CT),2.5mMMgCl2,200uM各种dNTP(dATP、dCTP、dGTP、和dTTP),和20 pmol的各种引物。向各管中加入AmpliwaxTM PCR Gem100(Perkin Elmer)。将所有管在80℃下培养5分钟,并冷却至4℃。上级试剂(upper reagent)混合物含有终浓度为12.5mM Tris-HCl,PH8.3,62.5mMKCl(10×PCR缓冲液II)(Perkin Elmer),Ampli TaqDNA聚合酶(Boehringcr)2单位/反应和10μl cDNA。各管中的总反应体积为50ul。在一台Perkin Elmer 热循环仪9600型(Perkin Elmer Cetus,Norwalk,CT)上扩增上述各管,采用以下参数:94℃,45秒;60℃,45秒;72℃,2分,共40个循环。
在正常角膜中未发现所有观察的细胞因子的mRNA表达。在感染小鼠的角膜中发现IL-1β和IL-6的mRNA有强的表达,而TNF-α和TGF-β的mRNA表达较弱。IL-1βmRNA仅在各组中发炎的小鼠角膜中表达。不过,IL-6mRNA在有和没有HSK的小鼠角膜中均能表达。TNF-αmRNA的表达形式类似于IL-1β。除正常的和未处理组中无病的动物外,在所有组的角膜中均检测到TGF-βmRNA表达。以上资料表明,IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和TGF-β,特别是前两者局部基因表达,能在体内引起BALB/C小鼠的HSK发炎过程。另外,还首次证实了粉防己碱能影响(例如下调)炎性细胞因子的基因转录。
实施例2证实了粉防己碱具有针对已确定的HSV-1的治疗作用,并有力地表明无环鸟苷具有预防作用,而非治疗活性。因此,粉防己碱在临床治疗上优选用于由病原体诱导的角膜炎,而患者通常是在免疫反应和炎性反应得到证实后才寻求治疗。
其它实施方案
通过以上说明,本领域技术人员能很容易地弄清本发明的基本特征,而且可在不脱离本发明构思和范围的前提下对本发明做出各种改变和改进,以使其适应各种用途和条件。因此,其它实施方案也落入权利要求的范围之内。
表4
寡核苷酸引物和PCR产物
有义链 反义链 产物IL-1β 5′ATGGCAACTGTTCCTGAACTC 3′CAGGACAGGTATAGATTCTTTC 563 BP
(序列1) (序列2)IL-6 5′TTCCTCTCTGCAAGAGACT 3′TGTATCTCTCTGAAGGACT 432 BP
(序列5) (序列6)TNF-α 5′ATGAGCACAGAAAGCATGATCCGC 3′CCAAAGTAGACCTGCCCGGACTC 692 BP
(序列7) (序列8)TGF-β 5′CCATCGACATGGAGCTGGTG 3′ATCTCTGCAAGCGCAGCTCT 355 BP
(序列9) (序列10)
序列表(1)一般资料:
(i)申请人:Hu,Shixing
(ii)发明名称:眼炎治疗
(iii)序列数:10
(iv)通信地址:
(A)收件人:Fish & Richardson P.C.
(B)街道:225 Franklin Street,Suite 3100
(C)市:Boston
(D)州:MA
(E)国家:USA
(F)邮编:02110-2804
(v)计算机可读形式:
(A)媒体类型:软盘
(B)计算机:IBMPC兼容
(C)操作系统:PC-DOS/MS-DOS
(D)软件:PatentIn Release#1.0,Version#1.30
(vi)当前申请资料:
(A)申请号:
(B)申请日:07-04-1995
(C)分类号:
(viii)律师/代理人资料:
(A)姓名:Tsao,Y.Rocky
(B)注册号:34,053
(C)资料/档案号:00633/021001
(ix)电信信息:
(A)电话:(617)542-5070
(B)传真:(617)542-8906
(C)电传:200154(2)序列1资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:21bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(i)序列描述:序列1:ATGGCAACTG TTCCTGAACT C(2)序列2资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:22bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列2:CTTTCTTAGATATGGACAGGAC(2)序列3特征:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:19bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列3:GCACAGTGGTGAAAGAGAC(2)序列4资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:19bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列4:TGCAAGAGTTCCTTGGTGT(2)序列5资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:19bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列5:TTCCTCTCTGCAAGAGACT(2)序列6资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:19bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列6:TCAGGAAGTCTCTCTATGT(2)序列7资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:25bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列7:ATGAGCACAGAAAAGCATGATCCGC (2)序列8资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:23bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列8:CTCAGGCCCG TCCAGATGAAACC(2)序列9资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:20bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列9:CCATCGACAT GGAGCTGGTG(2)序列10资料:
(i)序列特征:
(A)长度:20bp
(B)类型:核酸
(C)链型:单链
(D)拓扑结构:线性
(ii)分子类型:DNA(基因组)
(xi)序列描述:序列10:TCTCGACGCG AACGTCTCTA
Claims (20)
1.一种治疗患有与角膜炎或结膜炎相关的眼炎的患者的方法,该方法包括给患者服用一定量的含有粉防己碱或粉防己碱激动剂的药用组合物,所述用量能有效减轻炎症。
2.如权利要求1的方法,其中,所述炎症与角膜炎相关。
3.如权利要求2的方法,其中,所述组合物是通过结膜下注射给药的。
4.如权利要求2的方法,其中,所述组合物是口服给药的。
5.如权利要求2的方法,其中,所述组合物是通过肌肉注射给药的。
6.如权利要求2的方法,其中,所述组合物是局部给药的。
7.如权利要求2的方法,其中,所述组合物被制成片剂、胶囊、液体、软膏或乳膏。
8.如权利要求2的方法,其中,所述组合物含有粉防己碱。
9.如权利要求2的方法,其中,所述炎症是由病毒引起。
10.如权利要求2的方法,其中,所述炎症是由以下病毒引起:单纯疱疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、天花病毒、牛痘病毒(vacceinial virus)、腺病毒、麻疹病毒、风疹病毒和腮腺炎病毒。
11.如权利要求10的方法,其中,所述组合物含有粉防己碱。
12.如权利要求10的方法,其中,所述炎症是由单纯疱疹病毒引起。
13.如权利要求1的方法,其中,所述炎症与结膜炎相关。
14.如权利要求13的方法,其中,所述组合物是口服给药的。
15.如权利要求13的方法,其中,所述组合物是通过肌肉注射给药的。
16.如权利要求13的方法,其中,所述组合物是经局部给药的。
17.如权利要求13的方法,其中,所述组合物被制成片剂、胶囊、液体、软膏或乳膏。
18.如权利要求13的方法,其中,所述组合物含有粉防己碱。
19.如权利要求13的方法,其中,所述炎症是由变应原引起。
20.如权利要求19的方法,其中,所述组合物含有粉防己碱。
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CN1294911C (zh) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-01-17 | 胡世兴 | 汉防己甲素眼用制剂 |
CN102266338A (zh) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-07 | 吉林大学 | 用于提高分支杆菌胞内药物浓度的外输蛋白抑制剂 |
CN101744817B (zh) * | 2009-12-28 | 2012-09-05 | 南昌弘益科技有限公司 | 治疗角膜病的汉防己甲素 |
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US5627195A (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1997-05-06 | Massachusetts Eye And Ear Infirmary | Treatment for ocular inflammation |
US5891855A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1999-04-06 | The Scripps Research Institute | Inhibitors of leaderless protein export |
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Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2627666B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-13 | 1997-07-09 | 花王株式会社 | 抗アレルギー剤 |
JPH0499723A (ja) * | 1990-08-17 | 1992-03-31 | Kaken Shiyouyaku Kk | ウイルス・ゲノム不活化剤 |
CA2086259A1 (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1992-09-06 | Bloom, Leonard | Topical treatment of acne |
US5627195A (en) * | 1995-04-11 | 1997-05-06 | Massachusetts Eye And Ear Infirmary | Treatment for ocular inflammation |
-
1995
- 1995-04-11 US US08/420,244 patent/US5627195A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1996
- 1996-04-09 CN CNB961945222A patent/CN1148187C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-09 CA CA002217599A patent/CA2217599A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-09 ES ES96913878T patent/ES2250990T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-09 JP JP8531275A patent/JPH11503736A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-04-09 DE DE69635708T patent/DE69635708T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-09 WO PCT/US1996/006041 patent/WO1996032108A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-09 EP EP96913878A patent/EP0820286B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN1294911C (zh) * | 2004-01-13 | 2007-01-17 | 胡世兴 | 汉防己甲素眼用制剂 |
CN101744817B (zh) * | 2009-12-28 | 2012-09-05 | 南昌弘益科技有限公司 | 治疗角膜病的汉防己甲素 |
CN102266338A (zh) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-07 | 吉林大学 | 用于提高分支杆菌胞内药物浓度的外输蛋白抑制剂 |
CN105358149A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-02-24 | Cba制药公司 | 粉防己碱家族的药物制剂和方法 |
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US10815243B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-10-27 | Cba Pharma, Inc. | Tetrandrine family pharmaceutical formulations and method |
CN113750097A (zh) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-07 | 上海市第十人民医院 | Hayatine及其类似物在制备mTORC1抑制剂中的应用 |
CN115197231A (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-10-18 | 北京中医药大学 | 广谱抗病毒中药单体小檗胺及其应用 |
CN115197231B (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2023-01-17 | 北京中医药大学 | 广谱抗病毒中药单体小檗胺及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69635708T2 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
DE69635708D1 (de) | 2006-03-30 |
EP0820286B1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
WO1996032108A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
US5627195A (en) | 1997-05-06 |
EP0820286A4 (en) | 2000-01-05 |
JPH11503736A (ja) | 1999-03-30 |
CN1148187C (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
CA2217599A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
EP0820286A1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
ES2250990T3 (es) | 2006-04-16 |
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