CN117502135A - High-yield high-resistance organic cucumber planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield high-resistance organic cucumber planting method, and belongs to the technical field of cucumber planting. In order to solve the problems of low yield and weak disease resistance of the organic cucumber, the growth and the resistance improvement of cucumber plants can be promoted by soaking the brassinolide and other solutions used in the germination accelerating process, the physicochemical properties of the soil can be improved by adding decomposed organic fertilizer and burning soil, the organic matters and the microbial activity of the soil can be increased, the soil fertility and the water-retaining capacity can be improved, and sufficient nutrients can be provided for the cucumber by configuring nutrient soil. The garden soil, fine sand, fire-burned soil, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and other components in the nutrient soil can meet the requirements of various nutrient elements required by cucumber growth, promote healthy growth of the cucumber, improve the yield and quality, and adopt decomposed organic fertilizer, fire-burned soil and other organic materials, so that the nutrient soil can meet the requirements of organic planting, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and improve the safety and quality of the cucumber.

Description

High-yield high-resistance organic cucumber planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cucumber planting, in particular to a high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumber planting method.

Background

Cucumber is also called hu melon and qing melon. Belongs to cucurbit plants, has sweet taste, cool property, bitter taste and no toxicity, enters spleen, stomach and large intestine channels, and has the effects of removing heat, promoting diuresis, removing toxic substances, clearing heat and promoting urination. The fruit is oily green or emerald green, and has soft thorns on the surface. Is widely distributed in various places in China, is one of main greenhouse products, and is a warm-loving crop.

With the increasing awareness of people on food safety and environmental protection, organic agriculture is increasingly receiving attention. Cucumber is one of common vegetables, and the planting technology is also continuously improved. However, the existing organic cucumber planting method is low in yield and weak in disease resistance, and cannot meet market demands.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumber planting method for solving the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high-yield high-resistance organic cucumber planting method comprises the following steps:

selecting a variety, namely selecting a proper cucumber variety with strong disease resistance and high yield according to local climate and soil conditions;

the seeds are treated, the seeds are placed in the sun for 2-3 days, the seeds do not directly contact the ground during sun-curing so as not to hurt the seeds by ironing, the seeds after sun-curing are placed in hot water with the temperature of about 55 ℃, the seeds are continuously stirred so as to prevent the germs of the seeds from being scalded by the hot water, the hot water can be continuously added when the water temperature is reduced, the water temperature of 55 ℃ is kept for 10 minutes, then the seeds are soaked in water for 6 hours, and after the soaking is completed, the seeds are soaked in a brassinolide solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/L for 4 hours, so that germination acceleration can be achieved;

soil treatment, namely selecting partial viscous soil which is rich in organic matters, convenient to irrigate and capable of preserving water and fertilizer, carrying out spray disinfection by 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, ploughing the soil once, and adding decomposed organic fertilizer into the soil to prepare nutrient soil;

building a proper shed after soil treatment is completed, filling the treated soil into the shed, and then sowing, wherein the density and depth are controlled during sowing, so that seeds are ensured to be uniformly distributed in the soil;

in the seedling stage management, during the growth process of cucumber seedlings, periodically checking the soil humidity and temperature, and simultaneously taking care of preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;

planting, namely transplanting seedlings to perform field planting when cucumber seedlings grow to a certain size;

tying up vines, tying up plastic ropes on a greenhouse roof frame when the melon seedlings are pulled out, hanging up the heads of rattan to tie up the vines, and regularly releasing wind;

and (3) water and fertilizer management, and watering and fertilizing regularly according to the growth requirement of the cucumber.

Further, when preparing the decomposed organic fertilizer into nutrient soil, the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 650 parts of fertile garden soil, 100 parts of fine sand, 250 parts of calcined soil and 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, mixing the fertile garden soil, the fine sand and the calcined soil, sieving in advance, and mixing with the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer after sieving.

Further, the seeding depth is controlled to be 2-3cm during seeding, when the soil layer is too thick, the seeding depth is deepened, the seeding depth is controlled to be 2-5cm, the planting is performed according to the density of 1m of transverse planting distance and 0.8m of longitudinal planting distance, and the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 20-30 ℃.

Further, the soil humidity and temperature are checked regularly in the growing process of cucumber seedlings, the soil is ensured to be between 60% and 80% of humidity, the temperature is controlled to be between 15 ℃ and 30 ℃, shading measures are adopted at high temperature, and heat preservation measures are enhanced at low temperature;

proper ventilation, air circulation is facilitated by opening vents or using micro fans or the like.

Further, the seedling transplanting and field planting are selected when the seedling age of the cucumber is 30-35 days, the plant height is 10-12cm, the field planting row spacing is controlled to be 50-55cm when three to four leaves are one heart, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 20-25cm.

Further, a tool string or a fine cloth strip is prepared in advance when the vine is bound, the vine is bound when the cucumber vine is about 30 cm long, the string or the fine cloth strip is bound at the position where the cucumber vine contacts the support, the vine binding distance is about 10 cm, the vine is bound for 1 time every 3-4 knots later, and the vine is trimmed for 10-15 days.

Further, in the seedling stage of the cucumber, a mode of covering a film after watering is adopted, so that the heat preservation degree of soil is increased, and a proper amount of watering is performed to keep the soil moist but not excessively moist;

watering water once every 3-5 days in the growing period of the cucumber, and keeping the soil moist but not accumulating water;

watering the cucumber every 2-3 days in the cucumber growing period, and keeping the soil moist.

Further, 30 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of cucumber in the seedling stage, and a proper amount of basic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied along with the gradual development of cucumber plants;

applying a compound fertilizer with more nitrogen, less phosphorus and potassium to the stems and leaves of the cucumbers in the growing period for fertilization;

the flowering and fruiting period of the cucumber is properly increased by the application amount of fertilizers including potash fertilizers;

the fertilizer consumption is gradually reduced in the later period of cucumber harvesting.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention can promote the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings by sun-drying and seed soaking for germination, improve the survival rate and the growth speed, eliminate or reduce pathogenic bacteria and pests carried by the seeds by seed treatment, reduce the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests and improve the resistance of cucumbers. Meanwhile, the brassinolide and other solutions used in the seed soaking and germination accelerating process can promote the growth and the resistance improvement of cucumber plants, and can ensure the quality and the uniformity of seeds and improve the yield and the quality of cucumbers.

2. The invention can improve the physicochemical property of soil, increase the organic matter and microorganism activity of soil, improve the fertility and water retention capacity of soil, and can effectively reduce pathogenic bacteria and pests in soil, reduce the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests, improve the resistance of cucumber and provide sufficient nutrients for cucumber by preparing nutrient soil by using 500 times of liquid spray disinfection of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. The garden soil, fine sand, fire-burned soil, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and other components in the nutrient soil can meet the requirements of various nutrient elements required by cucumber growth, promote healthy growth of the cucumber, improve the yield and quality, and adopt decomposed organic fertilizer, fire-burned soil and other organic materials, so that the nutrient soil can meet the requirements of organic planting, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and improve the safety and quality of the cucumber.

3. The reasonable water and fertilizer management of the invention can provide water and nutrients required by cucumber growth, promote cucumber healthy growth, effectively improve cucumber yield, increase economic benefit, promote photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of cucumber under proper water and fertilizer conditions, improve cucumber quality and taste, enhance stress resistance of cucumber, enable cucumber to better adapt to adverse environmental conditions, and reduce fertilizer and pesticide use by adopting organic fertilizer and reasonable water and fertilizer management, thereby reducing pollution to soil and environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a planting method according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In order to solve the technical problems that the existing organic cucumber planting method is low in yield and weak in disease resistance and cannot meet market demands, referring to fig. 1, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a high-yield high-resistance organic cucumber planting method comprises the following steps:

selecting a variety, namely selecting a proper cucumber variety with strong disease resistance and high yield according to local climate and soil conditions;

the seeds are treated, the seeds are placed in the sun for 2-3 days, the seeds do not directly contact the ground during sun-curing so as not to hurt the seeds by ironing, the seeds after sun-curing are placed in hot water with the temperature of about 55 ℃, the seeds are continuously stirred so as to prevent the germs of the seeds from being scalded by the hot water, the hot water can be continuously added when the water temperature is reduced, the water temperature of 55 ℃ is kept for 10 minutes, then the seeds are soaked in water for 6 hours, and after the soaking is completed, the seeds are soaked in a brassinolide solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/L for 4 hours, so that germination acceleration can be achieved;

in the embodiment, germination of seeds and growth of seedlings can be promoted by sun-drying and seed soaking for germination, survival rate and growth speed are improved, pathogenic bacteria and pests carried by the seeds can be eliminated or reduced by seed treatment, occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and resistance of cucumbers is improved. Meanwhile, the brassinolide and other solutions used in the seed soaking and germination accelerating process can promote the growth and the resistance improvement of cucumber plants, and can ensure the quality and the uniformity of seeds and improve the yield and the quality of cucumbers.

Soil treatment, namely selecting partial viscous soil which is rich in organic matters, convenient to irrigate and capable of preserving water and fertilizer, carrying out spray disinfection by 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, ploughing the soil once, and adding decomposed organic fertilizer into the soil to prepare nutrient soil;

when preparing the decomposed organic fertilizer into nutrient soil, the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 650 parts of fertile garden soil, 100 parts of fine sand, 250 parts of calcined soil and 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, mixing the fertile garden soil, the fine sand and the calcined soil, sieving in advance, and mixing with the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer after sieving.

In the embodiment, the soil with proper pH value, rich organic matters, convenient irrigation and water and fertilizer retention is selected, so that the growth of cucumber plants is facilitated. The addition of decomposed organic fertilizer and burnt soil can improve the physicochemical property of soil, increase the organic matter and microbial activity of the soil, improve the fertility and the water retention capacity of the soil, and the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is used for 500-time liquid spray disinfection, so that pathogenic bacteria and pests in the soil can be effectively reduced, the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, the resistance of cucumbers is improved, and sufficient nutrients can be provided for the cucumbers by configuring nutrient soil. The garden soil, fine sand, fire-burned soil, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and other components in the nutrient soil can meet the requirements of various nutrient elements required by cucumber growth, promote healthy growth of the cucumber, improve the yield and quality, and adopt decomposed organic fertilizer, fire-burned soil and other organic materials, so that the nutrient soil can meet the requirements of organic planting, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and improve the safety and quality of the cucumber.

Building a proper shed after soil treatment is completed, filling the treated soil into the shed, and then sowing, wherein the density and depth are controlled during sowing, so that seeds are ensured to be uniformly distributed in the soil;

the seeding depth is controlled to be between 2 and 3cm during seeding, when the soil layer is too thick, the seeding depth is controlled to be between 2 and 5cm, the planting is performed according to the density of 1m of transverse planting distance and 0.8m of longitudinal planting distance, and the temperature of the greenhouse is kept at 20 to 30 ℃.

In the embodiment, the greenhouse can control the environmental conditions such as illumination, temperature, humidity and the like required by cucumber growth, and is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of the cucumber. The density and depth are controlled during sowing, so that seeds are ensured to be uniformly distributed in soil, the uniformity of plant growth is promoted, the evaporation and loss of soil moisture can be reduced through a shed, and the soil humidity and fertility are maintained. Meanwhile, the temperature and humidity conditions in the greenhouse are also favorable for the activities of soil microorganisms, promote the decomposition of organic matters and the release of nutrients, the greenhouse can resist partial natural disasters such as heavy rain, strong wind, hail and the like, the damage to cucumber plants is reduced, the growth speed and yield of the cucumbers can be improved, and the harvesting time is shortened, so that the economic benefit of growers is increased.

In general, greenhouse sowing is one of important measures for planting high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumbers, and the yield and quality of the cucumbers can be improved and the economic benefit can be increased by creating a proper growing environment, maintaining soil fertility and moisture, preventing natural disasters, improving the economic benefit and the like.

In the seedling stage management, during the growth process of cucumber seedlings, periodically checking the soil humidity and temperature, and simultaneously taking care of preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;

periodically checking the soil humidity and temperature, and periodically checking the soil humidity and temperature in the cucumber seedling growing process to ensure that the soil is between 60% and 80% of humidity, controlling the temperature to be between 15 ℃ and 30 ℃, adopting shading measures at high temperature, and enhancing heat preservation measures at low temperature;

proper ventilation, air circulation is facilitated by opening vents or using micro fans or the like.

In the embodiment, proper moisture and temperature conditions required by the growth of cucumber seedlings can be ensured by periodically checking the soil humidity and temperature, healthy growth of the cucumber seedlings is promoted, damage of plant diseases and insect pests to the cucumber seedlings can be reduced by periodically checking and preventing the cucumber seedlings, plant resistance is improved, proper soil humidity and temperature conditions and a good ventilation environment are achieved, photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of the cucumber seedlings are facilitated, and yield and quality are improved.

Planting, namely transplanting seedlings to perform field planting when cucumber seedlings grow to a certain size;

the seedling transplanting field planting is carried out in 30-35 days of cucumber seedling age, the plant height is 10-12cm, the field planting row spacing is controlled to be 50-55cm when three to four leaves are in one heart, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 20-25cm.

In the embodiment, the field planting can enable cucumber seedlings to be transplanted to a larger growth space from a seedling raising bed, the root system development and nutrition absorption of plants are facilitated, the plant growth is accelerated, and the number of plants in a unit area can be increased by reasonable close planting, so that the yield is improved. Through control row spacing and plant spacing, can ensure that the cucumber plant obtains sufficient sunshine, air and nutrition, promotes its healthy growth, and after the field planting, the cucumber plant is neatly arranged, is favorable to carrying out farming operations such as fertilization, spraying medicine, gathering, improves management efficiency, and reasonable close planting can strengthen the ventilation effect between the cucumber plant, reduces the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests, improves the stress resistance of plant, through the field planting, can improve the output and the quality of cucumber to increase the economic benefits of planter.

In general, field planting is one of the key links for planting high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumbers, and can improve the yield and quality of the cucumbers by promoting plant development, improving yield, facilitating management, enhancing resistance, increasing economic benefits and the like.

Tying up vines, tying up plastic ropes on a greenhouse roof frame when the melon seedlings are pulled out, hanging up the heads of rattan to tie up the vines, and regularly releasing wind;

the method comprises the steps of preparing a tool string or a fine cloth strip in advance when the cucumber vine grows to about 30 cm, binding the string or the fine cloth strip at the contact position of the cucumber vine and a bracket, binding the vine at intervals of about 10 cm, binding the vine 1 time every 3-4 knots later, and repairing the head of the cucumber vine at intervals of 10-15 days.

In the embodiment, the cucumber vines are fixed on the support through the binding, the vine can be prevented from lodging, the vertical growth of plants is kept, after the binding, the cucumber vines are orderly arranged, the cucumber vines can better receive illumination, promote photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation, the growth direction of the cucumber vines can be regulated through the binding, the melon strips are fully unfolded, the yield is improved, the agricultural operations such as fertilization and pesticide spraying can be more conveniently carried out after the binding, the cucumber vines can be prevented from being contacted with the ground, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, meanwhile, the invasion of insect pests is also reduced, the growth speed of the cucumber vines can be controlled through the binding, the harvesting period is prolonged, and the economic benefit is increased.

In general, binding vines is one of the important management measures for planting high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumbers, and the yield and quality of the cucumbers can be improved and the economic benefit can be increased by fixing plants, promoting photosynthesis, improving yield, facilitating management, reducing plant diseases and insect pests, prolonging the harvesting period and the like.

And (3) water and fertilizer management, and watering and fertilizing regularly according to the growth requirement of the cucumber.

The seedling stage of the cucumber adopts a mode of covering a film after watering, so that the heat preservation degree of soil is increased, and a proper amount of watering is performed to keep the soil moist but not excessively moist;

watering water once every 3-5 days in the growing period of the cucumber, and keeping the soil moist but not accumulating water;

watering the cucumber every 2-3 days in the cucumber growing period, and keeping the soil moist.

Applying 30 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of cucumber in a seedling stage, and applying a proper amount of basic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like along with the gradual development of cucumber plants;

applying a compound fertilizer with more nitrogen, less phosphorus and potassium to the stems and leaves of the cucumbers in the growing period for fertilization;

the flowering and fruiting period of the cucumber is properly increased by the application amount of fertilizers including potash fertilizers;

the fertilizer consumption is gradually reduced in the later period of cucumber harvesting.

In the embodiment, reasonable water and fertilizer management can provide moisture and nutrients required by cucumber growth, promote healthy growth of the cucumber, effectively improve yield of the cucumber, increase economic benefit, promote photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of the cucumber under proper water and fertilizer conditions, improve quality and taste of the cucumber, enhance stress resistance of the cucumber, enable the cucumber to better adapt to adverse environmental conditions, and reduce use of fertilizers and pesticides by adopting organic fertilizers and reasonable water and fertilizer management, thereby reducing pollution to soil and environment.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by making equivalents and modifications to the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof.

Claims (8)

1. The method for planting the organic cucumbers with high yield and high resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

selecting a variety, namely selecting a proper cucumber variety with strong disease resistance and high yield according to local climate and soil conditions;

the seeds are treated, the seeds are placed in the sun for 2 to 3 days, the sun is dried without contacting the ground to avoid scalding the seeds, the seeds after sun drying are placed in hot water with the temperature of about 55 ℃ for continuous stirring, the germs of the seeds are prevented from being scalded by the hot water, the hot water can be continuously added when the water temperature is reduced, the water temperature of 55 ℃ is kept for 10 minutes, then the seeds are soaked in water for 6 hours, and after the soaking is completed, the seeds are soaked in brassinolide solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/L for 4 hours, so that germination acceleration can be achieved;

soil treatment, namely selecting partial viscous soil which is rich in organic matters, convenient to irrigate and capable of preserving water and fertilizer, carrying out spray disinfection by 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, ploughing the soil once, and adding decomposed organic fertilizer into the soil to prepare nutrient soil;

building a proper shed after soil treatment is completed, filling the treated soil into the shed, and then sowing, wherein the density and depth are controlled during sowing, so that seeds are ensured to be uniformly distributed in the soil;

in the seedling stage management, during the growth process of cucumber seedlings, periodically checking the soil humidity and temperature, and simultaneously taking care of preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;

planting, namely transplanting seedlings to perform field planting when cucumber seedlings grow to a certain size;

tying up vines, tying up plastic ropes on a greenhouse roof frame when the melon seedlings are pulled out, hanging up the heads of rattan to tie up the vines, and regularly releasing wind;

and (3) water and fertilizer management, and watering and fertilizing regularly according to the growth requirement of the cucumber.

2. The method for planting high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein when preparing nutrient soil by preparing decomposed organic fertilizer, the method comprises the following components in parts by weight: 650 parts of fertile garden soil, 100 parts of fine sand, 250 parts of calcined soil and 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, mixing the fertile garden soil, the fine sand and the calcined soil, sieving in advance, and mixing with the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer after sieving.

3. The method for planting organic cucumbers with high yield and high resistance according to claim 1, wherein the planting depth is controlled to be 2-3cm when the soil layer is too thick, the planting depth is controlled to be 2-5cm when the soil layer is too thick, the planting is performed according to the density of 1m of transverse plant spacing and 0.8m of longitudinal plant spacing, and the temperature of the greenhouse is kept to be 20-30 ℃.

4. The method for planting high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the humidity and the temperature of the soil are checked periodically, the humidity and the temperature of the soil are checked periodically during the growth of cucumber seedlings, the soil is ensured to be between 60% and 80% of humidity, the temperature is controlled to be between 15 ℃ and 30 ℃, shading measures are adopted at high temperature, and heat preservation measures are enhanced at low temperature;

proper ventilation, air circulation is facilitated by opening vents or using micro fans or the like.

5. The method for planting high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting field planting is performed for 30-35 days at the seedling age of the cucumbers, the plant height is 10-12cm, the field planting row spacing is controlled to be 50-55cm when three to four leaves are at one center, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 20-25cm.

6. The method for planting organic cucumbers with high yield and high resistance according to claim 1, wherein a tool string or a fine cloth strip is prepared in advance when the cucumber vine is bound, the vine is bound when the cucumber vine is about 30 cm long, the string or the fine cloth strip is bound at the position where the cucumber vine contacts a bracket, the vine binding distance is about 10 cm, the vine is bound 1 time every 3-4 knots later, and the cucumber vine is trimmed at intervals of 10-15 days.

7. The method for planting high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the cucumber seedling stage adopts a mode of covering a film after watering, the heat preservation degree of soil is increased, and a proper amount of watering is performed to keep the soil moist;

watering water every 3-5 days in the growing period of the cucumber, and keeping the soil moist;

watering the cucumber every 2-3 days in the cucumber growing period, and keeping the soil moist.

8. The method for planting high-yield and high-resistance organic cucumber according to claim 1, wherein the cucumber is in a seedling stage, 30 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied along with the gradual development of cucumber plants;

applying a compound fertilizer with more nitrogen, less phosphorus and potassium to the stems and leaves of the cucumbers in the growing period for fertilization;

the flowering and fruiting period of the cucumber is properly increased by the application amount of fertilizers including potash fertilizers; the fertilizer consumption is gradually reduced in the later period of cucumber harvesting.