CN117016316A - Cultivation method for improving quality of cherry tomatoes - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving quality of cherry tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN117016316A CN117016316A CN202311301177.0A CN202311301177A CN117016316A CN 117016316 A CN117016316 A CN 117016316A CN 202311301177 A CN202311301177 A CN 202311301177A CN 117016316 A CN117016316 A CN 117016316A
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- cherry
- field planting
- cherry tomatoes
- water
- planting
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Classifications
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Abstract
A cultivation method for improving quality of cherry tomatoes belongs to the field of cherry tomato cultivation. The cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes comprises the following steps of: pretreatment of field planting, plant type regulation, growth vigor regulation, proper fruit retention in time, water and fertilizer management, illumination regulation and control Wen Cuishou. The cultivation method for improving the quality of the cherry tomatoes can improve the quality of the cherry tomatoes, improve the content of soluble solids in the cherry tomatoes, reduce the single-fruit weight of the cherry tomatoes, improve the high-quality fruit rate of the cherry tomatoes, further improve the yield of the cherry tomatoes, and effectively avoid the problems of excessive growth of plants, leaf rolling, low uniformity of fruits, easiness in occurrence of diseases and easiness in cracking of the fruits in the cherry tomato planting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cherry tomato cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes.
Background
The cherry tomato contains multiple vitamins and minerals, the lycopene content occupies the first of various fruits and vegetables, is one of fruits and vegetables with higher nutritional value, and is a fresh fruit and vegetable which is deeply favored by consumers. In recent years, the cultivation area and yield of cherry tomatoes are increased year by year, and along with the continuous enrichment of cherry tomato products in the market, the quality and yield of the cherry tomatoes are improved, so that the cherry tomato product is an important means for improving the competitiveness and economy of the cherry tomato product.
The content of flavour chemicals (including sugars, acids and volatiles) determines to a large extent the consumer preference for cherry tomatoes. The soluble solids content (Soluble Solid Content, SSC) is a comprehensive indicator characterizing soluble sugars and organic acids. In cherry tomato fruits, the main soluble sugars are glucose, fructose and sucrose, with the glucose and fructose content being close. The content of the soluble solids is an important index for reflecting the quality of the cherry tomatoes, and the higher the content of the soluble solids in the cherry tomatoes, the more rich the nutrition of the cherry tomatoes, and the better the quality of the cherry tomatoes. Studies have shown that the content of soluble solids in cherry tomatoes has a high correlation with two factors: firstly, the single fruit weight of cherry tomato fruits is larger, the content of soluble solids in the fruits is generally lower, and the quality of the cherry tomato fruits is relatively lower; in the existing cherry tomato cultivation management, a method of 'double-trunk pruning' is generally adopted to reduce the weight of a single fruit, namely, one side bud is reserved on a main rod of a cherry tomato seedling to be cultivated into a fruiting branch, so that one cherry tomato is formed, two fruiting branches are arranged on the cherry tomato, and the rest branches are all cut off to obtain the result, so that the weight of the single fruit is controlled and reduced. Secondly, the fertilizer and water management during cherry tomato cultivation is closely related, and the content of soluble solids in cherry tomato fruits is greatly influenced by different fertilizer and water management methods.
The inventor finds that the content of soluble solids in cherry tomato fruits of the existing variety is lower than 8wt%, and is generally between 6 and 8 wt%; the cherry tomato has the single fruit weight of 15-20 g, and has the problems of low soluble solid matters, large single fruit weight and unsatisfactory quality, and the quality of the cherry tomato needs to be further improved. The inventor also found that in order to further increase the yield of cherry tomatoes while increasing the quality of cherry tomatoes, a means for increasing the planting density is generally adopted, but in the actual planting process, after increasing the planting density of cherry tomatoes, the problem that plants grow excessively, leaf rolling, diseases are easy to occur, fruit uniformity is low, high-quality fruit rate is low, and fruits are easy to crack cannot be effectively improved because effective growth regulation and control cannot be performed on high-density cherry tomatoes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes, which can improve the quality of cherry tomatoes, improve the content of soluble solids in cherry tomatoes, reduce the weight of single cherry tomatoes, improve the high-quality fruit rate of cherry tomatoes, further improve the yield of cherry tomatoes, and effectively avoid the problems of excessive growth of plants, leaf rolling, low uniformity of fruits, easiness in occurrence of diseases and easiness in cracking of fruits in the cherry tomato planting process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for improving quality of cherry tomatoes comprises the following steps: pretreatment of field planting, plant type regulation, growth vigor regulation, proper fruit retention in time, water and fertilizer management, illumination regulation and control Wen Cuishou.
The method for the field planting pretreatment comprises the steps of carrying out rotary tillage on cherry tomato planting soil, removing residual plant bodies in the cherry tomato planting soil, uniformly broadcasting pretreatment agent for one time after 30-35kg of application amount per mu; and then uniformly broadcasting calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the application amount of 8-10kg per mu, and continuously rotary tillage for 1-2 times to finish the pretreatment before field planting.
In the pretreatment before field planting, the preparation method of the pretreatment agent comprises the steps of putting nano silicon dioxide, perlite powder, potassium feldspar powder, carboxymethyl cellulose, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and a silane coupling agent KH-550 into a ball mill, and controlling the ball-to-material ratio to be 10-12:1; continuously adding clear water, and adjusting the weight ratio of the materials in the ball mill to the clear water to be 2-2.3:1; controlling the ball milling temperature to be 45-55 ℃ and the ball milling time to be 50-60min to obtain ball milling materials; drying the ball-milled material for 3-4 hours at 70-80 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 0.01-0.015MPa to prepare a dry ball-milled material; and then uniformly mixing the dry ball-milling material, sodium humate, guar gum, ammonium bicarbonate, ferrous sulfate, kava pepper extract and Chinese yam extract, granulating, and drying to obtain the pretreatment agent.
In the preparation of the pretreatment agent, the weight ratio of nano silicon dioxide to perlite powder to potassium feldspar powder to carboxymethyl cellulose to cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to silane coupling agent KH-550 is 20-30:10-15:20-30:1-1.5:4-4.5:0.6-0.8;
the weight ratio of the dry ball-milling material to the sodium humate to the guar gum to the ammonium bicarbonate to the ferrous sulfate to the kava pepper extract to the yam extract is 70-80:20-25:1-2:5-6:2-3:0.8-1:0.8-1;
the particle size of kava pepper extract is 90-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the particle size of rhizoma Dioscoreae extract is 90-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 20-30:1.
The field planting method comprises the steps of dipping roots of cherry tomato seedlings for 30-40s by using field planting liquid, and controlling the planting density of cherry tomatoes in each mu to be 3600-3800 plants; the ridging cultivation method is adopted, the large row spacing is controlled to be 155-165 cm according to a one-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge top width is 65-75 cm, the small row spacing is 38-40 cm, the plant spacing is 38-40 cm, and the Chinese character 'zhi' type planting is adopted.
In the field planting, the preparation method of the field planting liquid comprises the steps of uniformly mixing perlite powder, diatomite and potassium feldspar powder, then putting the mixture into an adsorption liquid with the volume of 6-7 times, heating to 30-40 ℃, preserving heat, stirring for 4-6 hours, and filtering out the mixture by suction; then put into gel liquid with the volume of 2.5-3.5 times and evenly dispersed.
In the preparation of the field planting liquid, the adsorption liquid is prepared by adding a monobasic naphthalene acetic acid diluent, copper sulfate pentahydrate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, boric acid and oleander extract into water and uniformly dispersing;
in the adsorption liquid, the weight ratio of the monobasic naphthalene acetic acid diluent to the copper sulfate pentahydrate to the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the boric acid to the oleander extract to the water is 0.9-1:0.3-0.4:2.5-3:0.001-0.002:0.2-0.3:90-100;
the indolonacetic acid diluent is prepared by diluting the indolonacetic acid with the concentration of 2wt% by 150-160 times with clear water;
the granule size of oleander extract is 90-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1.
In the preparation of the field planting liquid, the gel liquid is prepared by putting hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl tapioca starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, pericarpium Granati extract, fucoidin and glycerol into deionized water with the temperature of 50-60 ℃, stirring for 20-40min, stirring and heating to 80-90 ℃, stirring for 30-40min, and naturally cooling to normal temperature.
In the gel liquid, the weight ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to hydroxypropyl tapioca starch to carboxymethyl chitosan to pericarpium Granati extract to fucoidin to glycerol to deionized water is 3.2-3.6:0.6-0.7:0.3-0.4:0.2-0.25:0.07-0.08:2-2.5:100-110;
The grain size of pericarpium Granati extract is 90-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1.
The method for adjusting the plant type comprises the steps of after cherry tomato is planted, when the cherry tomato grows to 5 leaves, all lateral buds below the 5 th leaf are removed, and one lateral bud growing between the 5 th leaf and the 6 th leaf is cultivated to form a fruiting branch; and culturing one lateral bud growing above the 6 th leaf into a fruiting branch to form a three-stem (main branch) growth mode. Simultaneously, all lateral buds growing on the three main branches are removed, so that the top advantages of the three rods are formed.
The growth potential regulating method is that cherry tomatoes adopt growth regulator chlorophyll diluted 2800-3000 times to spray and control the growth of plant leaf surfaces before the 5 th to 6 th leaves start to grow first scions and bloom, and a small amount of methods are adopted for many times; specifically, the interval of the spraying and controlling of the high temperature season (the season with the highest temperature exceeding 35 ℃) is 5-7 days, and the interval of the spraying and controlling of the other seasons is 7-10 days. Gradually adjusting the internode length of cherry tomato plants to 6-8cm, and making the leaves dark green. Meanwhile, during the plant growth period, spraying and controlling are continuously carried out, so that the plant growth vigor is kept stable.
In the growth potential regulation, the growth regulator chlorophyll is chlorophyll foliar fertilizer, and the manufacturer is Shandong Leling pesticide and doctor compound fertilizer limited company.
And diluting the forchlorfenuron 80-100 times to prepare a fruit setting agent for spraying flowers to promote fruit setting when the fruits are reserved in proper time and a first spike of the cherry tomatoes are opened. The number of the first spike fruits is controlled to be 5-6, redundant flowers and fruits are removed, and the few fruits promote the growth balance of plants. The number of the reserved fruits per ear after the first ear is 10-13. The branches with strong plant growth vigor (large leaf area and thick stem) are suitable for more fruits, the branches with weak plant growth vigor (small leaf area and thin stem) are suitable for less fruits, and the growth balance of three fruiting branches is maintained.
In the timely and proper fruit retention, the chlorpyrimide is chlorpyrimide with the concentration of 0.1 percent, and the manufacturer is Sichuan Heer technology Co.
The water and fertilizer management method is that cherry tomatoes are irrigated in a drip irrigation or micro-spray mode, after field planting, field planting water is irrigated thoroughly, and water is suitable for penetrating the soil around the seedlings; after field planting for 2.5-3.5 days, water is poured once, the water quantity is 2-2.2 tons/mu, and the sufficient water supply at the periphery of the rhizosphere is ensured;
the first spike is irrigated with clear water every 2 to 3 days before being well set, and no additional fertilizer is applied;
after the first spike fruit is set, the fruit grows to 2/3 of the size of the finished fruit, topdressing is started, balanced type and high-potassium type alternate application of a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer is adopted, 6-8kg of the fertilizer is applied along with water per mu, and the irrigation frequency of watering is controlled to be 5-7 days/time. As the temperature increases, the evaporation moisture content of cherry tomatoes increases, the water quantity is increased by 'increasing water and not increasing fertilizer', and the fertilizer consumption is not increased.
The illumination adjustment method comprises the steps of covering a sunshade net for shading light when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃ in a high-temperature season, and preventing strong light from damaging cherry tomato fruits; or spraying Li Liang sun-shading agent on the canopy film of cherry tomato, adjusting the shading rate to 50-55%, and reducing the illumination intensity.
The temperature control ripening method is that after cherry tomatoes enter a ripening period, the temperature in a cherry tomato greenhouse is kept at 26-32 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature at 14-16 ℃ at night is controlled within the range of 12-16 ℃ until cherry tomato fruits are fully ripe, the cherry tomatoes are collected in time, and the cherry tomatoes are subjected to classification and then cooled for storage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes, the pretreatment agent and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are adopted to carry out the cooperation treatment on cherry tomato planting soil in the pretreatment process of field planting; in the field planting process, the field planting liquid is adopted to dip the roots of cherry tomato seedlings, and a planting mode of one ridge with double rows and a shape of Chinese character' is adopted, so that the density of cherry tomato seeds in each mu is improved to 3600-3800 plants by controlling the large row spacing, the small row spacing, the ridge top width and the column spacing; in the process of adjusting the plant type, controlling the cherry tomato to form a three-rod growth mode; in the growth condition regulation and control, adopting a growth regulator to continuously perform the control and vigorous treatment in the cherry tomato growth process; in proper fruit retention, fruit setting agent is adopted to promote fruit setting and control fruit retention quantity; in the water and fertilizer management process, controlling the whole-flow water and fertilizer application method of cherry tomatoes from field planting to growing period to mature period; in illumination adjustment, a shading method is adopted to control shading rate; and controlling the temperature difference range between day and night in the temperature control ripening process; the planting density and the population quantity of cherry tomatoes can be adjusted in a targeted manner, so that the optimization of the photosynthetic capacity of cherry tomato population is realized; meanwhile, the growth vigor of cherry tomato plants is dynamically regulated, the leaf area of the cherry plants is regulated, competition among the plants is avoided, the problems of internode length and leaf shading of the plants are solved, the uniformity of fruits is improved, diseases are avoided, and the further reduction of the single-fruit weight of cherry tomatoes is promoted; promoting the transportation of photosynthetic products into cherry tomato fruits and the conversion of the photosynthetic products into soluble solids in the fruits; and the quality of cherry tomatoes is improved by adopting different auxiliary agents and fertilizers in different periods in a synergistic manner; can improve the quality of cherry tomatoes, improve the content of soluble solids in the cherry tomatoes, reduce the weight of single cherry tomatoes, improve the high-quality fruit rate of the cherry tomatoes, further improve the yield of the cherry tomatoes, and effectively avoid the problems of overgrowth of plants, leaf rolling, low uniformity of fruits, easy occurrence of diseases and easy cracking of the fruits in the cherry tomato planting process.
(2) According to the cultivation method for improving the quality of the cherry tomatoes, the seedlings of the cherry tomatoes are planted for 30 days, the survival rate of the seedlings can reach 100%, no disease condition occurs in the process from seedling planting to cherry tomato mature harvesting, and the overgrowth and leaf rolling conditions of the plants can be effectively avoided; meanwhile, cherry tomatoes are high in fruit uniformity, and on the premise of 9 months of greenhouse planting, seedlings are planted in a fixed mode until the number of mature days of the cherry tomatoes is 70-72 days.
(3) According to the cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes, the per mu yield of the cherry tomatoes is 6239-6370kg, the weight of single fruits is generally 9-12g, and the average weight of the single fruits is 10.1-10.5g; the percentage of high-quality fruits (cherry tomato fruits with the weight of 9-11g and the content of soluble solids of 10-12%) is 68.0-71.8%, and the percentage of cracked fruits can reach 0%.
(4) According to the cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes, the average content of soluble solids of the cherry tomatoes is 9.5-9.8%, the highest content of the soluble solids can reach 12.4%, the content of vitamin C is 454-469mg/kg, and the content of lycopene is 566-575ppm.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in order to provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving quality of cherry tomatoes comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment before field planting
Carrying out rotary tillage on cherry tomato planting soil, removing residual plant bodies in the cherry tomato planting soil, and continuously carrying out rotary tillage once after uniformly broadcasting pretreatment agent at an application amount of 30kg per mu; and then uniformly broadcasting calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the application amount of 8kg per mu, and continuously rotary tillage for 1 time to finish the field planting pretreatment.
The preparation method of the pretreatment agent comprises the steps of putting nano silicon dioxide, perlite powder, potassium feldspar powder, carboxymethyl cellulose, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and a silane coupling agent KH-550 into a ball mill, and controlling the ball-to-material ratio to be 10:1; continuously adding clear water, and adjusting the weight ratio of the materials in the ball mill to the clear water to be 2:1; controlling the ball milling temperature to be 45 ℃ and the ball milling time to be 50min to obtain ball milling materials; drying the ball-milled material for 3 hours at 70 ℃ under the environment of 0.01MPa of vacuum degree to prepare a dried ball-milled material; and then uniformly mixing the dry ball-milling material, sodium humate, guar gum, ammonium bicarbonate, ferrous sulfate, kava pepper extract and Chinese yam extract, granulating, and drying to obtain the pretreatment agent.
Wherein the weight ratio of nano silicon dioxide to perlite powder to potassium feldspar powder to carboxymethyl cellulose to cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to silane coupling agent KH-550 is 20:10:20:1:4:0.6.
The weight ratio of the dry ball-milling material to the sodium humate to the guar gum to the ammonium bicarbonate to the ferrous sulfate to the kava pepper extract to the yam extract is 70:20:1:5:2:0.8:0.8.
The particle size specification of kava pepper extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
The particle size of the yam extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
2. Planting
Dipping roots of cherry tomato seedlings for 30 seconds by adopting a field planting solution, and performing field planting, wherein the planting density of cherry tomatoes in each mu is controlled to be 3600; the ridging cultivation method is adopted, the large row spacing is controlled to be 155 cm according to a one-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge top width is 65 cm, the small row spacing is 38 cm, the plant spacing is 38 cm, and the zigzag planting is adopted.
The preparation method of the field planting liquid comprises the steps of uniformly mixing perlite powder, diatomite and potassium feldspar powder, then adding the mixture into adsorption liquid with the volume of 6 times, heating to 30 ℃, preserving heat, stirring for 4 hours, and filtering out the mixture by suction; then put into gel liquid with the volume of 2.5 times and evenly dispersed.
Wherein the adsorption liquid is prepared by adding the diluted solution of the ibonacetic acid, the copper sulfate pentahydrate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the boric acid and the oleander extract into water and dispersing uniformly.
In the adsorption liquid, the weight ratio of the monobasic naphthalene acetic acid diluent to the copper sulfate pentahydrate to the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the boric acid to the oleander extract to the water is 0.9:0.3:2.5:0.001:0.2:90.
The indolonacetic acid diluent is prepared by diluting the indolonacetic acid with the concentration of 2wt% by 150 times with clear water.
The grain size specification of the oleander extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
The gel solution is prepared by the following steps: adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl tapioca starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, pericarpium Granati extract, fucoidin and glycerol into deionized water with temperature of 50deg.C, stirring for 20min, stirring and heating to 80deg.C, stirring for 30min, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain gel solution.
In the gel liquid, the weight ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to hydroxypropyl tapioca starch to carboxymethyl chitosan to pericarpium Granati extract to fucoidin to glycerol to deionized water is 3.2:0.6:0.3:0.2:0.07:2:100.
The grain size specification of the pericarpium Granati extract is 90 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10:1.
3. Adjusting strain type
After cherry tomatoes are planted in a fixed mode, when the cherry tomatoes grow to 5 leaves, all lateral buds below the 5 th leaf are removed, and one lateral bud growing between the 5 th leaf and the 6 th leaf is cultivated to form a fruiting branch; and culturing one lateral bud growing above the 6 th leaf into a fruiting branch to form a three-stem (main branch) growth mode. Simultaneously, all lateral buds growing on the three main branches are removed, so that the top advantages of the three rods are formed.
4. Growth vigor regulation
Before the cherry tomato starts to grow first scion flowers from 5 th to 6 th leaves, spraying and controlling the growth of plant leaf surfaces by adopting a method of diluting a growth regulator of chlorophyll 2800 times and adopting a small amount of repeated times; specifically, the interval period of the spraying and controlling power in the high temperature season (the season with the highest temperature exceeding 35 ℃) is 5 days, and the interval period of the spraying and controlling power in other seasons is 7 days. The internode length of cherry tomato plants is gradually adjusted to 6cm, and the leaves are dark green.
Meanwhile, during the plant growth period, spraying and controlling are continuously carried out, so that the plant growth vigor is kept stable.
Wherein the growth regulator chlorophyll is chlorophyll foliar fertilizer, and the manufacturer is Shandong Leling pesticide and doctor compound fertilizer limited company.
5. Proper fruit retention
When the cherry tomato flowers in the first spike, the chlorpyrimide is diluted 80 times to prepare a fruit setting agent, and spraying is carried out to promote fruit setting. The number of the first spike fruits is controlled to be 5, redundant flowers and fruits are removed, and the few fruits promote the growth balance of plants. The number of retained fruits per ear after the first ear was 10. The branches with strong plant growth vigor (large leaf area and thick stem) are suitable for more fruits, the branches with weak plant growth vigor (small leaf area and thin stem) are suitable for less fruits, and the growth balance of three fruiting branches is maintained.
Wherein the chlorpyrimide is chlorpyrimide with the concentration of 0.1 percent, and the manufacturer is Sichuan Heer technology Co.
6. Water and fertilizer management
Cherry tomatoes are planted in a micro-spraying mode, field planting water (preferably water wets soil around the seedlings) is thoroughly poured after field planting, water is poured once after field planting for 2.5 days, and the water quantity is 2 tons/mu. Ensuring sufficient water supply around the rhizosphere.
The first spike is poured with clear water every 2 days before being well set, and no additional fertilizer is applied.
After the first spike fruit setting is completed, the fruit grows to 2/3 of the size of the finished fruit, topdressing is started, balanced type and high-potassium type alternate application of a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer is adopted, 6kg of fertilizer is applied along with water per mu, and the watering and applying frequency is controlled to be 5 days/time. As the temperature increases, the evaporation moisture content of cherry tomatoes increases, the water quantity is increased by 'increasing water and not increasing fertilizer', and the fertilizer consumption is not increased.
7. Illumination adjustment
In high-temperature seasons, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the sunshade net is covered to shade light, so that the damage of strong light to cherry tomato fruits is prevented. Or spraying Li Liang sun-shading agent on the greenhouse film of cherry tomato, adjusting the shading rate to 50%, and reducing the illumination intensity.
8. Control Wen Cuishou
After the cherry tomatoes enter the mature period, maintaining the temperature in the cherry tomato greenhouse at 26 ℃ in the daytime and at 14 ℃ at night until the cherry tomatoes are fully mature, timely harvesting, grading, and cooling and storing.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving quality of cherry tomatoes comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment before field planting
Carrying out rotary tillage on cherry tomato planting soil, removing residual plant bodies in the cherry tomato planting soil, and continuously carrying out rotary tillage once after uniformly broadcasting pretreatment agent at the application amount of 32kg per mu; and then uniformly broadcasting calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the application amount of 9kg per mu, and continuously rotary tillage for 2 times to finish the field planting pretreatment.
The preparation method of the pretreatment agent comprises the steps of putting nano silicon dioxide, perlite powder, potassium feldspar powder, carboxymethyl cellulose, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and a silane coupling agent KH-550 into a ball mill, and controlling the ball-to-material ratio to be 11:1; continuously adding clear water, and adjusting the weight ratio of the materials in the ball mill to the clear water to be 2.1:1; controlling the ball milling temperature to be 50 ℃ and the ball milling time to be 55min to obtain ball milling materials; drying the ball-milled material for 3.5 hours at 75 ℃ under the environment of 0.012MPa of vacuum degree to prepare a dried ball-milled material; and then uniformly mixing the dry ball-milling material, sodium humate, guar gum, ammonium bicarbonate, ferrous sulfate, kava pepper extract and Chinese yam extract, granulating, and drying to obtain the pretreatment agent.
Wherein the weight ratio of the nano silicon dioxide to the perlite powder to the potassium feldspar powder to the carboxymethyl cellulose to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to the silane coupling agent KH-550 is 25:12:25:1.3:4.2:0.7.
The weight ratio of the dry ball-milling material to the sodium humate to the guar gum to the ammonium bicarbonate to the ferrous sulfate to the kava pepper extract to the yam extract is 75:22:1.5:5.5:2.5:0.9:0.9.
The particle size specification of kava pepper extract is 95 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
The particle size of the yam extract is 95 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 25:1.
2. Planting
Dipping roots of cherry tomato seedlings for 35 seconds by adopting a field planting solution, and performing field planting, wherein the planting density of cherry tomatoes in each mu is controlled to be 3700 plants; the ridging cultivation method is adopted, the large row spacing is controlled to be 160 cm according to a one-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge top width is 70 cm, the small row spacing is 39 cm, the plant spacing is 39 cm, and the zigzag planting is adopted.
The preparation method of the field planting liquid comprises the steps of uniformly mixing perlite powder, diatomite and potassium feldspar powder, then adding the mixture into adsorption liquid with the volume of 6.5 times, heating to 35 ℃, preserving heat, stirring for 5 hours, and filtering out the mixture by suction; then put into 3 times volume of gel liquid and evenly dispersed.
Wherein the adsorption liquid is prepared by adding the diluted solution of the ibonacetic acid, the copper sulfate pentahydrate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the boric acid and the oleander extract into water and dispersing uniformly.
In the adsorption liquid, the weight ratio of the monobasic naphthalene acetic acid diluent to the copper sulfate pentahydrate to the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the boric acid to the oleander extract to the water is 0.95:0.35:2.8:0.0015:0.25:95.
The indolonacetic acid diluent is prepared by diluting the indolonacetic acid with the concentration of 2wt% by 155 times with clear water.
The grain size specification of the oleander extract is 95 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
The gel solution is prepared by the following steps: adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl tapioca starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, pericarpium Granati extract, fucoidin and glycerol into deionized water with temperature of 55deg.C, stirring for 30min, stirring and heating to 85deg.C, stirring for 35min, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain gel solution.
In the gel liquid, the weight ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to hydroxypropyl tapioca starch to carboxymethyl chitosan to pericarpium Granati extract to fucoidan to glycerin to deionized water is 3.4:0.65:0.35:0.235:0.075:2.3:105.
The grain size specification of the pomegranate rind extract is 95 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 15:1.
3. Adjusting strain type
After cherry tomatoes are planted in a fixed mode, when the cherry tomatoes grow to 5 leaves, all lateral buds below the 5 th leaf are removed, and one lateral bud growing between the 5 th leaf and the 6 th leaf is cultivated to form a fruiting branch; and culturing one lateral bud growing above the 6 th leaf into a fruiting branch to form a three-stem (main branch) growth mode. Simultaneously, all lateral buds growing on the three main branches are removed, so that the top advantages of the three rods are formed.
4. Growth vigor regulation
Before the cherry tomato starts to grow first scion flowers from 5 th to 6 th leaves, adopting a growth regulator of chlorophyll diluted 2900 times to spray and control vigorous plant leaf surfaces, and adopting a method of a small amount of multiple times; specifically, the interval period of the spraying and controlling power in the high temperature season (the season with the highest temperature exceeding 35 ℃) is 6 days, and the interval period of the spraying and controlling power in other seasons is 9 days. The internode length of cherry tomato plants is gradually adjusted to 7cm, and the leaves are dark green.
Meanwhile, during the plant growth period, spraying and controlling are continuously carried out, so that the plant growth vigor is kept stable.
Wherein the growth regulator chlorophyll is chlorophyll foliar fertilizer, and the manufacturer is Shandong Leling pesticide and doctor compound fertilizer limited company.
5. Proper fruit retention
When the first spike flower of cherry tomatoes flowers, the chlorpyrimide is diluted by 90 times to prepare a fruit setting agent, and spraying flowers to promote fruit setting. The number of the first spike fruits is controlled to be 6, redundant flowers and fruits are removed, and the few fruits promote the growth balance of plants. The number of retained fruits per ear after the first ear is 12. The branches with strong plant growth vigor (large leaf area and thick stem) are suitable for more fruits, the branches with weak plant growth vigor (small leaf area and thin stem) are suitable for less fruits, and the growth balance of three fruiting branches is maintained.
Wherein the chlorpyrimide is chlorpyrimide with the concentration of 0.1 percent, and the manufacturer is Sichuan Heer technology Co.
6. Water and fertilizer management
The cherry tomatoes are planted in a drip irrigation mode, after planting, the planting water (preferably water wets the soil around the seedlings) is thoroughly irrigated, after planting for 3 days, the water is irrigated once, and the water consumption is 2.1 tons/mu. Ensuring sufficient water supply around the rhizosphere.
The first spike is irrigated with clear water every 2.5 days before being well set, and no additional fertilizer is applied.
After the first spike fruit setting is completed, the fruit grows to 2/3 of the size of the finished fruit, topdressing is started, balanced type and high-potassium type alternate application of a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer is adopted, 7kg of fertilizer is applied along with water per mu, and the watering and applying frequency is controlled to be 6 days/time. As the temperature increases, the evaporation moisture content of cherry tomatoes increases, the water quantity is increased by 'increasing water and not increasing fertilizer', and the fertilizer consumption is not increased.
7. Illumination adjustment
In high-temperature seasons, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the sunshade net is covered to shade light, so that the damage of strong light to cherry tomato fruits is prevented. Or spraying Li Liang sun-shading agent on the greenhouse film of cherry tomato, adjusting the shading rate to 52%, and reducing the illumination intensity.
8. Control Wen Cuishou
After the cherry tomatoes enter the mature period, the temperature in the cherry tomato greenhouse is kept at 30 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is kept at 15 ℃ at night, the cherry tomatoes are timely harvested until the cherry tomatoes are fully mature, and the cherry tomatoes are subjected to grading and then cooled and stored.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving quality of cherry tomatoes comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment before field planting
Carrying out rotary tillage on cherry tomato planting soil, removing residual plant bodies in the cherry tomato planting soil, and continuously carrying out rotary tillage once after uniformly broadcasting pretreatment agent at an application amount of 35kg per mu; and then uniformly broadcasting calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the application amount of 10kg per mu, and continuously rotary tillage for 2 times to finish the field planting pretreatment.
The preparation method of the pretreatment agent comprises the steps of putting nano silicon dioxide, perlite powder, potassium feldspar powder, carboxymethyl cellulose, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and a silane coupling agent KH-550 into a ball mill, and controlling the ball-to-material ratio to be 12:1; continuously adding clear water, and adjusting the weight ratio of the materials in the ball mill to the clear water to be 2.3:1; controlling the ball milling temperature to be 55 ℃ and the ball milling time to be 60min to obtain ball milling materials; drying the ball-milled material for 4 hours at 80 ℃ under the environment of 0.015MPa of vacuum degree to prepare a dried ball-milled material; and then uniformly mixing the dry ball-milling material, sodium humate, guar gum, ammonium bicarbonate, ferrous sulfate, kava pepper extract and Chinese yam extract, granulating, and drying to obtain the pretreatment agent.
Wherein the weight ratio of the nano silicon dioxide to the perlite powder to the potassium feldspar powder to the carboxymethyl cellulose to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to the silane coupling agent KH-550 is 30:15:30:1.5:4.5:0.8.
The weight ratio of the dry ball-milling material to the sodium humate to the guar gum to the ammonium bicarbonate to the ferrous sulfate to the kava pepper extract to the yam extract is 80:25:2:6:3:1:1.
The particle size of kava extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
The particle size of the yam extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 30:1.
2. Planting
Dipping roots of cherry tomato seedlings for 40 seconds by adopting a field planting solution, and performing field planting to control the planting density of cherry tomatoes in each mu to be 3800 plants; the ridging cultivation method is adopted, the large row spacing is controlled to be 165 cm according to a one-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge top width is 75 cm, the small row spacing is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, and the zigzag planting is adopted.
The preparation method of the field planting liquid comprises the steps of uniformly mixing perlite powder, diatomite and potassium feldspar powder, then adding the mixture into an adsorption liquid with the volume of 7 times, heating to 40 ℃, preserving heat, stirring for 6 hours, and filtering out the mixture by suction; then put into 3.5 times of volume of gel liquid and evenly dispersed.
Wherein the adsorption liquid is prepared by adding the diluted solution of the ibonacetic acid, the copper sulfate pentahydrate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the boric acid and the oleander extract into water and dispersing uniformly.
In the adsorption liquid, the weight ratio of the monobasic naphthalene acetic acid diluent to the copper sulfate pentahydrate to the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the boric acid to the oleander extract to the water is 1:0.4:3:0.002:0.3:100.
The indoleacetic acid diluent is prepared by diluting the indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 2wt% by 160 times by adopting clear water.
The grain size specification of the oleander extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
The gel solution is prepared by the following steps: adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl tapioca starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, pericarpium Granati extract, fucoidin and glycerol into deionized water with temperature of 60deg.C, stirring for 40min, stirring and heating to 90deg.C, stirring for 40min, and naturally cooling to normal temperature to obtain gel solution.
In the gel liquid, the weight ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to hydroxypropyl tapioca starch to carboxymethyl chitosan to pericarpium Granati extract to fucoidan to glycerol to deionized water is 3.6:0.7:0.4:0.25:0.08:2.5:110.
The grain size specification of the pericarpium Granati extract is 100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 20:1.
3. Adjusting strain type
After cherry tomatoes are planted in a fixed mode, when the cherry tomatoes grow to 5 leaves, all lateral buds below the 5 th leaf are removed, and one lateral bud growing between the 5 th leaf and the 6 th leaf is cultivated to form a fruiting branch; and culturing one lateral bud growing above the 6 th leaf into a fruiting branch to form a three-stem (main branch) growth mode. Simultaneously, all lateral buds growing on the three main branches are removed, so that the top advantages of the three rods are formed.
4. Growth vigor regulation
Before the cherry tomato starts to grow first scion flowers from 5 th to 6 th leaves, adopting a growth regulator of chlorophyll diluted 3000 times to spray and control the growth of plant leaf surfaces, and adopting a method of a small amount of multiple times; specifically, the interval period of the spraying and controlling power in the high temperature season (the season with the highest temperature exceeding 35 ℃) is 7 days, and the interval period of the spraying and controlling power in other seasons is 10 days. The internode length of cherry tomato plants is gradually adjusted to 8cm, and the leaves are dark green.
Meanwhile, during the plant growth period, spraying and controlling are continuously carried out, so that the plant growth vigor is kept stable.
Wherein the growth regulator chlorophyll is chlorophyll foliar fertilizer, and the manufacturer is Shandong Leling pesticide and doctor compound fertilizer limited company.
5. Proper fruit retention
When the first spike flower of cherry tomatoes flowers, the chlorpyrimide is diluted 100 times to prepare a fruit setting agent, and spraying flowers is carried out to promote fruit setting. The number of the first spike fruits is controlled to be 6, redundant flowers and fruits are removed, and the few fruits promote the growth balance of plants. The number of leaves per ear after the first ear was 13. The branches with strong plant growth vigor (large leaf area and thick stem) are suitable for more fruits, the branches with weak plant growth vigor (small leaf area and thin stem) are suitable for less fruits, and the growth balance of three fruiting branches is maintained.
Wherein the chlorpyrimide is chlorpyrimide with the concentration of 0.1 percent, and the manufacturer is Sichuan Heer technology Co.
6. Water and fertilizer management
The cherry tomatoes are planted in a drip irrigation (micro-spraying) mode, after planting, field planting water is thoroughly irrigated (water is wet and the soil around the seedlings is suitable), after 3.5 days of field planting, the cherry tomatoes are irrigated with water once, and the water consumption for drip irrigation is 2.2 tons/mu. Ensuring sufficient water supply around the rhizosphere.
The first spike is poured with clear water every 3 days before being well set, and no additional fertilizer is applied.
After the first spike fruit setting is completed, the fruit grows to 2/3 of the size of the finished fruit, topdressing is started, balanced type and high-potassium type alternate application of a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer is adopted, 8kg of fertilizer is applied along with water per mu, and the watering and applying frequency is controlled to be 7 days/time. As the temperature increases, the evaporation moisture content of cherry tomatoes increases, the water quantity is increased by 'increasing water and not increasing fertilizer', and the fertilizer consumption is not increased.
7. Illumination adjustment
In high-temperature seasons, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the sunshade net is covered to shade light, so that the damage of strong light to cherry tomato fruits is prevented. Or spraying Li Liang sun-shading agent on the canopy film of cherry tomato, adjusting the shading rate to 55%, and reducing the illumination intensity.
8. Control Wen Cuishou
After the cherry tomatoes enter the mature period, the temperature in the cherry tomato greenhouse is kept at 32 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is kept at 16 ℃ at night until the cherry tomatoes are fully mature, the cherry tomatoes are collected in time, and the cherry tomatoes are classified and then cooled for storage.
Comparative example 1
The technical scheme of the embodiment 3 is adopted, and the difference is that: 1) In the pretreatment before field planting, the application of a pretreatment agent is omitted, and the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is increased to 18 kg/mu; 2) In the plant type adjustment, only one lateral bud growing between the 5 th leaf and the 6 th leaf is cultivated into a fruiting branch, so that a two-rod growth mode is formed.
Comparative example 2
The technical scheme of the embodiment 3 is adopted, and the difference is that: 1) In the field planting, the monobutyralacetic acid diluent is adopted to replace the field planting liquid for root dipping; 2) And omitting the growth condition regulating step.
Test example 1
Using the cherry tomato cultivation methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, a greenhouse planting test of cherry tomatoes was performed at 9 months of 2022 in Tamaric, a family street in the Shandong province. Specifically, a 10 mu cherry tomato greenhouse is selected as a planting test field, the planting test field is divided into 5 small blocks on average, and cherry tomato planting is carried out in each small block planting test field by adopting the cherry tomato cultivation methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2. The cherry tomato variety used in the planting test was still mountain 88.
Counting the survival rate of the plant seedlings in each small planting test field after the cherry tomato plant seedlings are planted for 30 days; simultaneously recording whether diseases occur or not in the process from seedling field planting to cherry tomato mature harvesting in each small planting test field, and whether overgrowth and leaf rolling occur or not; and recording the uniformity of cherry tomato fruits in each small planting test field and the number of days from the field planting of seedlings to the maturity of cherry tomatoes. The specific results are as follows:
According to the cherry tomato cultivation method, the pretreatment agent and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are adopted to carry out the coordination treatment on the cherry tomato planting soil in the pretreatment before the field planting, so that the survival rate of cherry tomato seedlings can be improved, and diseases are avoided; meanwhile, the maturity of cherry tomatoes can be promoted to a certain extent, and the number of days from seedling field planting to cherry tomato maturity is shortened. It should be noted that the cherry tomato cultivation method of the invention can also avoid diseases, overgrowth and leaf rolling conditions and ensure fruit uniformity on the premise of improving the density of cherry tomato seeds and adopting a three-rod growth mode. Meanwhile, the cherry tomato planting is carried out in 9 months, and the number of days from seedling field planting to cherry tomato maturity is relatively long due to the influence of seasonal factors; in the high-temperature season, the number of days from the field planting of the seedlings to the maturity of the cherry tomatoes can be shortened to 52-55 days by adopting the cherry tomato cultivation method.
Meanwhile, in the cherry tomato cultivation method, the planting solution is adopted to dip the root of cherry tomato seedlings in the planting process, and then the planting is carried out; in the growth condition regulation and control, adopting a growth regulator to continuously perform the control and vigorous treatment in the cherry tomato growth process; can further ensure the survival rate of cherry tomato seedlings, avoid diseases, overgrowth and leaf rolling, improve the uniformity of fruits and shorten the number of days from field planting of the seedlings to cherry tomato maturity.
Further, after the cherry tomatoes are harvested, the acre yield of the cherry tomatoes, the weight range of the cherry tomatoes, the average weight of the cherry tomatoes, the percentage of high-quality fruits and the percentage of cracked fruits are counted. Wherein the quality fruits are cherry tomatoes with the weight of 9-11g and the content of soluble solids of 10-12 percent, and the number of the cherry tomatoes accounts for the percentage of the total number of the cherry tomatoes. The cracked fruit percentage is the percentage of the number of cracked fruits to the number of all cherry tomatoes. The specific results are as follows:
according to the cherry tomato cultivation method, the pretreatment agent and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are adopted to carry out the coordination treatment on the cherry tomato planting soil in the pretreatment before the field planting, and the three-rod growth mode is adopted, so that an ideal soil environment can be provided for the cherry tomato growth, the tomato plant growth is promoted, the acre yield is improved, the single fruit weight is reduced, and the high-quality fruit percentage is improved. In the field planting, the seedling of cherry tomato plant is dipped with the field planting solution and then is subjected to field planting; in the growth condition regulation and control, adopting a growth regulator to continuously perform the control and vigorous treatment in the cherry tomato growth process; can realize the effective regulation and control of the weight of single fruits and improve the yield per mu.
Further, 100 cherry tomatoes are selected randomly, the content of soluble solids, the content of vitamin C and the content of lycopene are detected, the average value is obtained, and the highest value of the content of the soluble solids is recorded. The specific results are as follows:
according to the cultivation method for improving the quality of the cherry tomatoes, the pretreatment agent and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are adopted to carry out the coordination treatment on the cherry tomato planting soil in the pretreatment process of the field planting; in the field planting process, the field planting liquid is adopted to dip the roots of cherry tomato seedlings, and a planting mode of one ridge with double rows and a shape of Chinese character' is adopted, so that the density of cherry tomato seeds in each mu is improved to 3600-3800 plants by controlling the large row spacing, the small row spacing, the ridge top width and the column spacing; in the process of adjusting the plant type, controlling the cherry tomato to form a three-rod growth mode; in the growth condition regulation and control, adopting a growth regulator to continuously perform the control and vigorous treatment in the cherry tomato growth process; in proper fruit retention, fruit setting agent is adopted to promote fruit setting and control fruit retention quantity; in the water and fertilizer management process, controlling the whole-flow water and fertilizer application method of cherry tomatoes from field planting to growing period to mature period; in illumination adjustment, a shading method is adopted to control shading rate; and controlling the temperature difference range between day and night in the temperature control ripening process; the planting density and the population quantity of cherry tomatoes can be adjusted in a targeted manner, so that the optimization of the photosynthetic capacity of cherry tomato population is realized; meanwhile, the growth vigor of cherry tomato plants is dynamically regulated, the leaf area of the cherry plants is regulated, competition among the plants is avoided, the problems of internode length and leaf shading of the plants are solved, the uniformity of fruits is improved, diseases are avoided, and the further reduction of the single-fruit weight of cherry tomatoes is promoted; promoting the transportation of photosynthetic products into cherry tomato fruits and the conversion of the photosynthetic products into soluble solids in the fruits; and the quality of cherry tomatoes is improved by adopting different auxiliary agents and fertilizers in different periods in a synergistic manner; can improve the quality of cherry tomatoes, improve the content of soluble solids in the cherry tomatoes, reduce the weight of single cherry tomatoes, improve the high-quality fruit rate of the cherry tomatoes, further improve the yield of the cherry tomatoes, and effectively avoid the problems of overgrowth of plants, leaf rolling, low uniformity of fruits, easy occurrence of diseases and easy cracking of the fruits in the cherry tomato planting process.
The percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of: pretreatment of field planting, plant type regulation, growth vigor regulation, proper fruit retention in time, water and fertilizer management, illumination regulation and control Wen Cuishou;
the pretreatment method for field planting comprises the steps of carrying out rotary tillage on cherry tomato planting soil, uniformly broadcasting pretreatment agent, and continuing rotary tillage once; then, after the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is uniformly spread, rotary tillage is continued for 1-2 times, and the pretreatment before field planting is completed;
in the field planting pretreatment, the pretreatment agent is prepared by uniformly ball-milling nano silicon dioxide, perlite powder, potassium feldspar powder, carboxymethyl cellulose, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and a silane coupling agent KH-550 to obtain a ball-milled material and drying; then uniformly mixing the dry ball-milling material, sodium humate, guar gum, ammonium bicarbonate, ferrous sulfate, kava pepper extract and Chinese yam extract, granulating, and drying to prepare a pretreatment agent;
The field planting method comprises the steps of dipping roots of cherry tomato plant seedlings for 30-40s by using field planting liquid, and then carrying out field planting;
in the field planting, the preparation method of the field planting liquid comprises the steps of uniformly mixing perlite powder, diatomite and potassium feldspar powder, then adding the mixture into an adsorption liquid with the volume of 6-7 times, heating to 30-40 ℃, preserving heat, stirring for 4-6 hours, and filtering out; then putting into gel solution with volume of 2.5-3.5 times, and dispersing uniformly to obtain the final product;
the adsorption liquid is prepared by adding a monobasic naphthalene acetic acid diluent, copper sulfate pentahydrate, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, boric acid and oleander extract into water, and uniformly dispersing;
the gel liquid is prepared by adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl tapioca starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, pericarpium Granati extract, fucoidin and glycerol into deionized water, stirring uniformly, heating to 80-90 ℃, and stirring at a constant temperature;
the method for adjusting the plant type comprises the steps of after cherry tomato is planted, when the cherry tomato grows to 5 leaves, all lateral buds below the 5 th leaf are removed, and one lateral bud growing between the 5 th leaf and the 6 th leaf is cultivated to form a fruiting branch; and culturing one lateral bud growing above the 6 th leaf into a fruiting branch;
the growth potential regulating method is that before the cherry tomato starts to grow the first spike flower of the 5 th-6 th leaves, diluted growth regulator chlorophyll is adopted to carry out plant leaf surface spraying and vigorous control, and the internode length of the cherry tomato plant is regulated to 6-8cm.
2. The cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein in the field planting pretreatment, the application amount of a pretreatment agent is 30-35 kg/mu, and the application amount of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 8-10 kg/mu;
in the preparation of the pretreatment agent, the ball-milling ball-material ratio is 10-12:1, the ball-milling temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the ball-milling time is 50-60min;
the weight ratio of the nano silicon dioxide to the perlite powder to the potassium feldspar powder to the carboxymethyl cellulose to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to the silane coupling agent KH-550 is 20-30:10-15:20-30:1-1.5:4-4.5:0.6-0.8.
3. The cultivation method for improving cherry tomato quality according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the pretreatment agent, the weight ratio of dry ball mill, sodium humate, guar gum, ammonium bicarbonate, ferrous sulfate, kava pepper extract and yam extract is 70-80:20-25:1-2:5-6:2-3:0.8-1:0.8-1;
the particle size of kava pepper extract is 90-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
the particle size of rhizoma Dioscoreae extract is 90-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 20-30:1.
4. The cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein in the field planting, the planting density of cherry tomatoes in each mu is controlled to be 3600-3800 plants; the ridging cultivation method is adopted, the large row spacing is controlled to be 155-165 cm according to a one-ridge double-row planting mode, the ridge top width is 65-75 cm, the small row spacing is 38-40 cm, the plant spacing is 38-40 cm, and the Chinese character 'zhi' type planting is adopted.
5. The cultivation method for improving cherry tomato quality according to claim 1, wherein in the field planting, in the preparation of the field planting liquid, in the adsorption liquid, the weight ratio of the monobasic naphthalene acetic acid diluent, the copper sulfate pentahydrate, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the boric acid, the oleander extract and the water is 0.9-1:0.3-0.4:2.5-3:0.001-0.002:0.2-0.3:90-100;
the indolonacetic acid diluent is prepared by diluting the indolonacetic acid with the concentration of 2wt% by 150-160 times with clear water;
the grain size specification of oleander extract is 90-100 meshes, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1;
in the gel liquid, the weight ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to hydroxypropyl tapioca starch to carboxymethyl chitosan to pericarpium Granati extract to fucoidin to glycerol to deionized water is 3.2-3.6:0.6-0.7:0.3-0.4:0.2-0.25:0.07-0.08:2-2.5:100-110;
the grain size of pericarpium Granati extract is 90-100 mesh, and the extraction ratio is 10-20:1.
6. The cultivation method for improving cherry tomato quality according to claim 1, wherein in the growth potential regulation, the interval of spraying and controlling the growth is 5-7 days in seasons with the highest temperature exceeding 35 ℃; the interval of the spraying and controlling the excessive growth in other seasons is 7-10 days.
7. The cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein the method for duly and appropriately retaining fruits is that when the first spike flowers of the cherry tomatoes bloom, diluted forchlorfenuron is adopted as a fruit setting agent to carry out the spraying and promote fruit setting; controlling the number of the first ear fruits to be 5-6, and controlling the number of the first ear fruits to be 10-13 after the first ear fruits are reserved;
The fruit setting agent is prepared by diluting the forchlorfenuron with the concentration of 0.1 percent by 80-100 times.
8. The cultivation method for improving the quality of cherry tomatoes according to claim 1, wherein the water and fertilizer management method is characterized in that watering is carried out in a drip irrigation or micro-spraying mode in the cherry tomato cultivation process;
after field planting and water penetration, water is poured once after 2.5-3.5 days of field planting, and the water pouring amount is 2-2.2 tons/mu;
the first spike is irrigated with clear water every 2 to 3 days before being well set, and no additional fertilizer is applied;
after the first spike fruit is set, the fruit grows to 2/3 of the size of the finished fruit, topdressing is started, balanced type and high-potassium type alternate application of a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer is adopted, 6-8kg of the fertilizer is applied along with water per mu, and the irrigation frequency of watering is controlled to be 5-7 days/time.
9. The cultivation method for improving cherry tomato quality according to claim 1, wherein the illumination adjustment method is that when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, a sunshade net is covered to shade light; or spraying Li Liang sun-shading agent on the canopy film of cherry tomato, and adjusting the shading rate to 50-55%.
10. The cultivation method for improving cherry tomato quality according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-controlled ripening method is that after cherry tomatoes enter into ripening stage, the temperature in the greenhouse of cherry tomatoes is kept at 26-32 ℃ in daytime, 14-16 ℃ at night, and the temperature difference between day and night is controlled within 12-16 ℃.
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