JP2012100595A - Cultivation container, method for cultivating fruit vegetable with high sugar content, and tomato with high sugar content - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably produce tomatoes with a high sugar content by simple work.SOLUTION: The cultivation container 1 includes a lower container 3 charged with culture medium 6, and an upper container 2 disposed on the lower container 3 and charged with culture medium 5 where a tomato 7 is fixedly planted. Holes 22 are made in a lower board 21 separating the upper container 2 from the lower container 3, for making roots 71, 72 of the tomato 7 planted in the upper container 2 approach into the lower container 3. Regulating members 23 for regulating the approach of the culture medium 5 into the lower container 3 from the upper container 2 through the holes 22, are provided on the lower board 21. The tomato 7 fixedly planted in the culture medium 5 in the upper container 2 allows the roots 71, 72 to approach to the culture medium 6 in the lower container 3 through the holes 22, to allocate the culture medium 5 in the upper container 2 as a root zone of the upper layer root 71 and allocate the culture medium 6 in the lower container 3 as a root zone of the lower layer root 72. The culture medium 5 in the upper container 2 gets dry after a bearing period.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivation container, a method for cultivating high sugar content fruit vegetables, and a high sugar content tomato.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a cultivated plant with high nutritional value and is widely spread. Among these, various cultivation techniques for producing so-called “high sugar content tomatoes” having high sugar content and high commercial value have been developed.
High sugar content tomatoes can be produced by applying water stress to normal tomato cultivars.
For example, referring to Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2, a method for producing a high sugar content tomato by limiting the root area with a root-proof sheet, an isolation floor or the like is described.
Furthermore, referring to Non-Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 4, and Non-Patent Document 5, a method of applying extreme water stress to a plant by saving water by drip irrigation is described.
Further, referring to Non-Patent Document 6, there is also described a method of applying water stress via salt stress by nutrient solution composition control in nutrient solution cultivation.

  Furthermore, referring to Patent Document 1 as a conventional method for cultivating high-concentration tomatoes, EC (electric conductivity) 0.5 to 3.0 S / m at least for one week out of the nutrient solution cultivation period. The cultivation method which implement | achieves production of a high sugar content tomato by cultivating using the high EC nutrient solution of the range of this is disclosed (it is set as the prior art 1 hereafter).

  Further, referring to Patent Document 2, the nitrate nitrogen content is 0.27 mg / L or more, the silicic acid content is 3.2 mg / L or more, the number of coliforms is less than 1.8 MPN / 100 ml, and the number of general bacteria is A cultivation method for realizing production of a high sugar content tomato by feeding a dilute solution of 1 / ml or less of seawater to the tomato has been disclosed (hereinafter referred to as Conventional Technology 2).

Referring also to Patent Document 3, effective water amount in the water area of 2.0 pF1.5 is less 250L / m ³ or more 400 L / m ^3, effective in the water area of 3.2 pF2.0 water A culture method is disclosed in which a medium having an amount of 30 L / m ³ or more is isolated from the surrounding soil, a plant to be cultivated is planted, and water or liquid fertilizer is supplied for cultivation (hereinafter, referred to as “cultivation method”). Conventional technology 3).
In the cultivation method of this prior art 3, it is possible to maintain an appropriate moisture condition without causing plants to absorb excessive moisture and destroy the balance between nutrition and reproductive growth. In this prior art 3, it is possible to stably maintain the water stress condition by setting the appropriate volume and height of the medium and controlling the liquid supply using a moisture sensor, and producing high sugar content tomatoes. Realized.

JP-A-10-271924 JP 2004-357638 A JP 2003-92924 A

Haruo Abe, Hiroshi Iizuka, Masamichi Mogi, “Development of simple root zone moisture control system”, Gunma Agricultural Research Institute, Japan, 1994, 8, p. 11-25 Bankihiro, Yamashita Fumiaki, Hayashi Goro, “Effects of planting density and water stress on fruit sugar content and dry matter production in tomatoes”, Aichi Agricultural Research Institute, Japan, 1994, 26, p. 163-167 Sirigu, A.A. , M.M. G. Mameli, F.M. Chessa, S .; Meloni, “Effect of partial root drying on growth, yield and fruit quality in green house to crate,” Acta Hocculture, Nr. 219-226 Zegbe, J.A. A. , M.M. H. Behboudian, B.H. E. Clothier, “Partial root zone drying is a feasible option for irrigating processing tomatoes”, Netherlands, Agricultural Water Management, El4, 68. 195-206 Zegbe-Dominguez, J.A. A. , M.M. H. Behboudian, A.M. Lang, B.B. E. Clothier, "Water relations, growth and yield of processing tomatoes under partial root zone drying, United Kingdom, Taylor3, France", Journal & Francis, Journal & France. 31-40 Ohta, K .; , N.M. Ito, T .; Hosoki, K .; Inaba, T .; Bessho, "The influence of the concentration of the hydroponic nutrient culture solutions on the cracking of cherry tomato with special emphasis on water relationship", Japan, Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, Journal of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 1994,62, p. 811-816

Here, the conventional cultivation methods for increasing the sugar content of tomatoes and the cultivation methods described in the conventional techniques 1 to 3 have the following problems:
(1) When the irrigation amount was reduced, the infiltration area became smaller, and most of the root system was exposed to dryness, and excessive stress was added to the above-ground part, so irrigation management was difficult (2) nutrient solution composition Even in controlled cultivation, the whole root system was exposed to a high concentration nutrient solution, and there was a problem that irrigation management was similarly difficult. (3) Salts due to accumulation of salts in soil in cultivation with salt stress Since the failure occurred, it was necessary to replace the soil at a predetermined frequency. (4) Fruits became small and the production amount was extremely reduced. (5) Physiological disorders such as buttocks rot occurred frequently. Happened

As this cause,
(1) Tomato transpiration and respiration are high in summer and autumn when the growing season is hot and sunshine. (2) The amount of transpiration per day varies greatly depending on the weather, and precise irrigation management is required. It has been pointed out that when irrigation is reduced in cultivation, the infiltrated area (the area covered by irrigation) becomes smaller, and most of the root system is exposed to dry conditions.
Due to these problems, in the actual cultivation site where tomato is grown using the conventional cultivation method and the cultivation methods described in the conventional techniques 1 to 3, it is necessary for the plant to grow in the cultivation soil. It is required to add water stress while maintaining some moisture.
Therefore, strict moisture management using a moisture sensor or the like is required, and it has been difficult to stably produce a high sugar content tomato.
For this reason, even if it was accepted by some producers aiming at differentiation by high sugar content, it was difficult to become a general technique, and it was difficult to stably produce high sugar content tomatoes.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a condition, and makes it a subject to eliminate the above-mentioned subject.

The cultivation container of the present invention contains a culture medium and becomes a root region of a lower root, a lower container whose upper surface is opened, a medium placed on the lower container, a plant is planted, and a root region of the upper root is prepared. It is characterized by comprising an upper container to be accommodated and a hole for allowing the root of the plant planted in the upper container to enter the lower container.
In the cultivation container according to the present invention, the lower container has a larger area than the upper container, and the lower container is provided with an exposed portion to which the medium is exposed, and the medium of the upper container and the medium of the lower container are provided. An irrigation means is arranged in each of the exposed portions, and the irrigation means of the upper container and the irrigation of the irrigation means of the lower container are controlled separately.
The cultivation container of the present invention is characterized in that the volume ratio of the culture medium in the upper container and the culture medium in the lower container is about 2: 1.
The cultivation container of the present invention is characterized in that a gap is provided between the upper container and the lower container.
The cultivation container of the present invention is characterized in that the gap is a gap that does not allow water or liquid fertilizer irrigated by the lower container to permeate the upper container.
The cultivation container of the present invention is characterized in that there is provided a restricting portion for restricting a medium from entering through the hole from the upper container to the lower container.
The cultivation container of the present invention is characterized in that the regulation part is a net, and the width of the mesh is about 1 mm × 1 mm to 5 mm × 5 mm.
The cultivation container of the present invention is characterized in that the hole from the upper container to the lower container is made small so that all the roots of the plant do not pass.
The method for cultivating high sugar content fruit vegetables of the present invention is a method for cultivating high sugar content fruit vegetables, in which the root region of the upper root and the root region of the lower root of the plant are separated in the vertical direction, and the upper root from the fruiting stage. It is characterized by drying the culture medium which becomes the root region of.
The high sugar content tomato of the present invention is a fruit body cultivated by the above-described high sugar content fruit vegetable cultivation method.
In the high sugar content tomato of the present invention, the fruit body has a fruit weight of 100 g or more in the large varieties, and has a fruit weight of 30 g or more in the medium varieties, and has a sugar content of 1 compared to normal soil cultivation. It is characterized by a higher degree.

  According to the present invention, by drying the medium that becomes the root region of the upper layer roots after the tomato fruiting stage, a weak water stress suitable for the growth of tomatoes having a high sugar content can be added to the upper layer roots. The cultivation method which can produce the tomato of this stably by simple operation | work, the cultivation container used for this cultivation method, and the high sugar content tomato produced by this cultivation method can be provided.

It is a figure which shows the tomato cultivation container which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (a) is a perspective view from upper direction, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the tomato cultivation container of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows transition of the petiole water potential in the suppression cultivation in Example 1 of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the tomato petiole water potential and fruit sugar content which arrange | positioned the container of the water | moisture condition which differs in the orthogonal | vertical direction in Example 1 of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the tomato petiole water potential and 1 fruit weight which arrange | positioned the container of the water | moisture condition which differs in the orthogonal | vertical direction in Example 1 of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows transition of the petiole water potential of the tomato grown in the container which has arrange | positioned the dry soil and the wet soil in the horizontal direction in Example 2 of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the cultivation container of a tomato in Example 3 of embodiment of this invention, (a) is a top view of an upper container, (b) is a top view of a lower container, (c) is an upper container below It is sectional drawing which shows the state piled up on the container. It is a photograph which shows the cultivation container and cultivation example of a tomato in Example 3 of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows transition of the petal-like water potential of the tomato of the Nakatama variety cultivated with the planter of two upper and lower layers in Example 3 of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows transition of the soil moisture content of the planter which cultivated the tomato of the middle ball variety in Example 3 of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows transition of the petiole water potential of the tomato of the large cultivar cultivated with the upper and lower two-layer planters in Example 4 of the embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows transition of the soil moisture content of the planter which cultivated the tomato of the large varieties in Example 4 of embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the fruit sugar content and frequency distribution of 1 fruit weight of the tomato of the large varieties grown in the planter of two upper and lower layers in Example 4 of embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram of the tomato cultivation by dynamic lift in Examples 1-4 of embodiment of this invention.

<Embodiment>
The inventor of the present invention has intensively studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, separating the root zone of the upper root from the root zone of the lower root, and from the fruiting stage, a medium that becomes the root zone of the upper root. By making it dry, the cultivation method which gives moderate water stress to the crop body of a tomato was established, and it came to develop the container used for this cultivation method.

In the tomato cultivation method according to the embodiment of the present invention, “hydraulic lift”, which is a phenomenon in which soil moisture moves from wet soil to dry soil through plant roots, is used.
Hydratic lift is a phenomenon that has been widely reported in trees and herbs (eg, Caldwell1, MM, TE Dawson, JH Richards, “Hydraulic lift: consequences of water ef ef of plants ", Oeclogia, 1997, 113, p. 151-161, etc.).
The hydraulic lift is generated by the gradient between the water potential in the plant body and the soil water potential, and is called “plant sprinkler”.
When this phenomenon is used in a cultivation site, it is possible to perform cultivation in which mild moisture stress is imparted to a plant body by releasing moisture into dry soil at night when the plant does not require moisture.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a tomato cultivation container 1 of the present embodiment, FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view from above, and FIG. 1 (b) is a cross-sectional view seen from the front.
In addition, each direction of the up-down, front-back, left-right used in the following description is shown in each figure used for description. The top, bottom, front, back, left and right are described for the sake of explanation, and of course may be different from the actual arrangement.

As shown in FIG. 1, the tomato cultivation container 1 is configured by arranging an upper container 2 on a lower container 3. The lower container 3 is configured by arranging a rectangular box-shaped container body 3A having an open upper end in a line in the front-rear direction. The upper container 2 has a rectangular box shape with an open upper end, and is spanned between the front and rear side plates of the lower container 3. The upper container 2 has the same length in the front and rear as the lower container 3 and has a narrower left and right width than the lower container 3, and is arranged so that the upper end opening of the lower container 3 exposes the left and right ends upward. Has been. The upper container 2 and the lower container 3 contain culture media 5 and 6 such as gravel, sand, rock wool, earth, bark, sawdust, polyurethane, and the like. The volume ratio of the medium 5 and the medium 6 in the upper container 2 and the lower container 3 is preferably about 2: 1.
It is also possible to add a moisture retaining agent or the like to the culture media 5 and 6. In particular, the water stress on the plant can be appropriately adjusted by adding a moisture retaining agent to the medium 5 in the upper container.

The lower plate 21 of the upper container 2 is formed with a hole 22 for communicating each container body 3A of the lower container 3 with the upper container 2. The holes 22 are for allowing the roots 71 and 72 of the tomato 7 planted in the upper container 2 to enter the lower container 3, and a plurality of holes 22 are formed at equal intervals along the left and right edges of the lower plate 21. . The hole 22 also serves as a drainage groove and is configured to be small so that all plant roots do not pass therethrough. That is, with respect to the holes 22 of the upper container 2, if the large holes are opened so that all the roots are lowered to the lower container, the upper container does not dry well and water stress cannot be applied. For this reason, it is preferable that the small holes 22 are processed and arranged, for example, separated from a place where the plant body 7 is planted by a predetermined distance. Moreover, you may open the slit-shaped thin hole 22 along the edge part on either side.
On the upper surface of the lower plate 21, a regulation net 23 (regulation unit, regulation member) that regulates the entrance of the culture medium 5 from the upper container 2 to the lower container 3 through the hole 22 is disposed. As the restriction net 23, for example, a fine net such as a plastic net is used, and it is preferable that the medium 5 is difficult to pass though moisture and liquid fertilizer are passed from the upper container 2 to the lower container 3. As the regulation net 23, for example, a plastic net having a mesh width of about 1 mm × 1 mm to 5 mm × 5 mm can be used. Among these, it is more preferable to use a plastic net of about 3 mm × 3 mm.
Moreover, it is suitable to make it a space | gap so that the culture medium 5 and the culture medium 6 may not contact directly between the upper container 2 and the lower container 3. FIG. Thereby, even if much water and liquid fertilizer are supplied to the culture medium 6 of the lower container 3 to increase the water content, the culture medium 5 of the upper container 2 can be kept dry.

An irrigation tube 41 (irrigation means) is disposed on the culture medium 5 of the upper container 2 along the front-rear direction. One irrigation tube 41 is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the tomato 7 planted in the medium 5. On the culture medium 6 of the lower container 3, one irrigation tube 42 (irrigation means) is arranged along the left and right side walls of the upper container 2 at the exposed part where the culture medium 5 is exposed. Irrigation of the irrigation tubes 41 and 42 can be controlled separately.
In addition, as this irrigation tube 41 and 42, although a drip tube for cultivation etc. can be used, it is not restricted to this, A sprinkler etc. can also be used suitably.

In the tomato cultivation container 1, the tomato 7 is planted in the medium 5 of the upper container 2, and water and liquid fertilizer are supplied (irrigated) to the medium 5 by the irrigation tube 41. The tomatoes 7 planted in the medium 5 are rooted in the medium 5, and then extend to the medium 6 in the lower container 3 through the holes 22.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the medium 5 becomes the root region of the upper layer root 71, and the medium 6 becomes the root region of the lower layer root 72. After the culture medium 6 has become the root region of the lower layer root 72, water and liquid fertilizer are supplied also to the culture medium 6 from the irrigation tube 42. The lower layer root 72 absorbs moisture and liquid fertilizer from the medium 6 and supplies the absorbed moisture and liquid fertilizer to the upper layer root 71 side. The upper layer root 71 absorbs moisture and liquid fertilizer from the culture medium 5 and supplies it to the main branch side together with the moisture and liquid fertilizer supplied from the lower layer root 72 side.

When the tomato 7 reaches the fruiting stage, the supply of water and liquid fertilizer from the irrigation tube 41 to the medium 5 is restricted, and water and liquid fertilizer are supplied only to the medium 6. Thereby, the culture medium 5 is dried.
When the medium 6 is dried, the upper layer root 71 not only supplies moisture and liquid fertilizer supplied from the lower layer root 72 to the main branch side, but also releases excess moisture and liquid fertilizer to the medium 5. That is, the dynamic lift occurs when the culture medium 5 in the upper container 2 is used as a dry layer and the culture medium 6 in the lower container 3 is used as a wet layer.
Therefore, the upper layer root 71 that cannot receive the supply of water and liquid fertilizer from the lower layer root 72 can also absorb a part of the water and liquid fertilizer released to the medium 5 and supply it to the main branch side.

  In this way, by limiting the supply of water and liquid fertilizer to the medium 5 in the upper container 2, water and liquid fertilizer necessary for the growth of the high sugar content tomato 7 are supplied from the lower root 72 to the main branch side of the upper root 71. However, it is possible to apply moderately weak water stress to the upper layer root 71 by suppressing supply of excess moisture and liquid fertilizer to the main branch of the upper layer root 71.

According to the present embodiment, by planting tomatoes 7 in the medium 5 in the upper container 2, the medium 5 in the upper container 2 serves as the root region of the upper layer root 71, and the medium 6 in the lower container 3 serves as the root region of the lower layer root 72. It can be.
For this reason, it is possible to add weak water stress suitable for the growth of the high sugar content tomato 7 to the upper root 71 by drying the medium 5 after the fruiting period. Therefore, it becomes possible to stably produce a high sugar content tomato by a simple operation.

With the configuration described above, the following effects can be obtained.
First, in the conventional cultivation method and the cultivation method described in the prior arts 1 to 3, advanced management is necessary, and even if accepted by some producers aimed at differentiation due to high sugar content. It was difficult to become a general technique, and it was difficult to stably produce high sugar content tomatoes.
On the other hand, the cultivation container and cultivation method according to the embodiment of the present invention eliminates the complexity of irrigation management, which has been a problem in the cultivation of conventional high sugar content tomatoes, and has high sugar content under simple water management. Allows tomato cultivation.
Specifically, by using the cultivation container and cultivation method according to the embodiment of the present invention, water is absorbed only from the roots of the lower layer during the period of irrigation of the upper layer, and water is released to the dry soil of the upper layer by a hydraulic lift. .
As a result, moderately weak water stress is applied to the above-ground part of the tomato. For example, a large tomato variety of tomatoes has a fruit weight of 100 g or more and an average of about 160 g of fruit vegetables, and a medium tomato variety of tomatoes has a fruit weight of 30 g or more. Can produce an average of about 35g of fruit. At this time, the problem of reduction in fruit weight, which was a problem in conventional high sugar content tomato production, can be solved, and the sugar content can be increased to about 1 degree or more compared to conventional cultivation methods.

That is, by using the cultivation method and the cultivation container according to the embodiment of the present invention, water stress is applied by an irrigation method in which the lower container 3 is moistened and the upper container 2 is dried at the fruiting stage more simply than before. Therefore, it is possible to provide a cultivation method for obtaining fruit vegetables with a high sugar content without greatly reducing the fruit weight. Thereby, fruit vegetables with high added value like a high sugar content tomato can be obtained.
Moreover, since water stress is given to a plant body only by the irrigation control which does not contain salt, the effect that the salt damage by the accumulation of salt in soil does not occur is acquired.

In the above embodiment, the case has been described in which the lower container 3 is formed with a narrower left and right width than the upper container 2, but the upper container 2 and the lower container 3 are formed with the same left and right width. Also good.
Further, the shapes of the upper container 2 and the lower container 3 are not limited to a square box shape. Moreover, if the roots 71 and 72 of the tomato 7 planted in the upper container 2 are allowed to enter the lower container 3, the shape, size, and formation position of the hole 22 are arbitrary. The side plate may be opened.
Further, the roots may enter the lower container 3 from the upper container 2 through a hole such as a pipe line. Moreover, although the said embodiment demonstrated the case where the space | gap was provided between the lower board 21 of the upper container 2, and the culture medium 6, the space | gap does not need to be provided. In this case, a structure such as an absorption path or an absorbent that absorbs excess water can be used as appropriate so that excess water does not enter the upper container 2 from the lower container 3 instead of the gap.
Further, holes 22 may be formed in the left and right central portions of the lower plate 21. Furthermore, the irrigation method to the culture media 5 and 6 accommodated in the upper container 2 and the lower container 3 is arbitrary, and is not limited to the one using the irrigation tubes 41 and 42.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although especially described about the cultivation method of a high sugar content tomato, the cultivation method of this embodiment is various fruit vegetables, fruit, etc. for giving a moderate high water stress and obtaining the fruit of high sugar content. Applicable to plant cultivation methods. For example, even if the varieties of grapes are not so high in sugar content, water vegetables can be easily applied to obtain fruit vegetables with high sugar content. It can also be applied to trees such as apples.

Referring to FIG. 2, the upper container is configured to be placed on a step provided at the upper edge of the lower container, so that a gap is formed between the soil of the lower container and the upper container. It may be.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper container may be provided with a step that is fitted to the step of the lower container.

Hereinafter, the cultivation process is performed using the tomato cultivation container 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and how the result changes will be specifically described as an example.
However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(Cultivation conditions)
First, the root system was divided into two upper and lower containers, and the cultivation test was conducted on the tomato cultivation method according to Example 1 of the present invention in which the upper layer was dried from the fruiting stage and only the lower layer was watered.
As the test varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), “Louis 60” (release source: Takii Seed Co., Ltd., rootstock: “Vespa”) was used as a test cultivar, and a cultivation test was conducted in a suppression cropping pattern.
Cultivation was carried out in 2010 in a glass house in the Akita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center Agricultural Experiment Station with heating at 15 degrees or more as a guide.

The test was performed by cutting an 8 cm diameter hole in the center of the bottom of a 50 L (50 × 50 × 20 cm) upper container manufactured by the inventor, and using an 8 cm diameter vinyl chloride tube, 50 L or 25 L (50 × 25 × 20 cm). A container having an upper and lower two-layer structure connected to the lower container was used.
As test zones, there were set 5 districts, namely, Black Ichigo 1/2 district, Kuroboku Ichi district 1, Sand soil 1/2 district, Sand soil 1 district, and Control district. Black Ichi 1/2 zone is a processing zone in which 25 L of lower container is filled with 18.8 L of black Ichi soil. The 1st section of black soil is a treatment section in which 37.5L of black soil is filled in a 50L lower container. Sand soil 1/2 zone is a treatment zone in which 18.8 L of sand soil is filled in a 25 L lower container. The 1st district of sand and soil is a treatment district in which 37.5L of sand and soil is filled in a 50L lower container. The control group is a complete irrigation group in which 37.5 L of black Ichi soil was filled in the lower container of 50 L and irrigation was continued in the upper and lower containers.
In any group, 37.5 L of black soil was filled in the upper container, and tomatoes were transplanted.
Seeded on July 13, planted on August 29, cultivated by tailoring one main branch that leaves two leaves on the 5-stage fruit bunches, harvested from October 11 to January 8 did.
Fertilization was applied to the upper container using 15 g of nitrogen per strain as a basic fertilizer, using a compound fertilizer with fertilizer control.

In each section, the upper container was appropriately irrigated from after planting to September 11, and 1500 mL per day was irrigated to the upper and lower containers using an infusion tube after September 12.
In the treatment group except the control group, irrigation was restricted by stopping irrigation of the upper container from October 5th. Irrigation was carried out by placing two drip tubes ("Stream Line", manufactured by Netafim) on each of the upper and lower containers.

(Measurement items and measurement methods)
The petiole water potential was measured between 11:00 and 14:00 on a sunny day by collecting the first leaflets on the three-stage fruit tress by the pressure chamber method. The water potential is a value indicating the water retention capacity of the plant, the unit is Pa (pascal), and the thermodynamics obtained by dividing the chemical potential of water (j / mol) by the partial molar volume of water (m ³ / mol). The potential energy.
In the harvest survey, the sugar content and the fruit weight of all the fruits of each strain were measured.

(result)
With reference to FIG. 3, the experiment result of transition of the petiole water potential in the restraint cultivation in Example 1 of the embodiment of the present invention will be described. The vertical axis in FIG. 3 indicates the petiole water potential (MPa), and the horizontal axis indicates the measurement date. The error line of the graph showing each section is the standard deviation (n = 3).
According to FIG. 3, strains of the petite water potential in the 1st section of the sandy soil were found to decrease to −1.5 MPa or less, and strong water stress was applied to the tomato above-ground part.
The water potential of the other treatments also remained lower than that of the control, and water stress was added to the above-ground parts of the tomatoes due to the irrigation restriction of the upper container.

The cultivation results in this state are shown in Table 1 below.
One fruit weight of the 1st section of sand soil averaged 32.2g, decreased to 54% of the control section, and the fruit sugar content was 2.0 degrees higher than the control section.
The average weight of one fruit in the black halves also became 40.4 g, decreased to 68% of the control group, and the fruit sugar content increased by 1.3 degrees.
In the other treatment groups, the fruit weight was significantly decreased as compared with the control group, but the fruit sugar content was not significantly different.

From the above cultivation results, the relationship between the petiole water potential after irrigation restriction and the sugar content of tomato was examined. This result will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the tomato petiole water potential and the fruit sugar content when containers with different moisture conditions are arranged in the vertical direction as described above. A vertical axis | shaft shows the sugar content (Brix%) of a tomato fruit. Brix% is an amount representing the solid content concentration in the liquid and represents the sucrose concentration (sugar content). The horizontal axis shows the petiole water potential.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between tomato petiole water potential and single fruit weight under similar arrangement conditions. The vertical axis shows the fruit weight in grams, and the horizontal axis shows the petiole water potential.
As shown in these graphs, the petiole water potential after irrigation restriction was related to the fruit sugar content and the fruit weight. That is, when the water potential was lowered and water stress was applied, the fruit sugar content increased and the fruit weight decreased.
As a result, the optimum condition for improving the fruit sugar content while suppressing a decrease in fruit weight was about -1.3 MPa. In order to satisfy this condition, an appropriate volume ratio of the upper container and the lower container was about 2: 1.

  From this result, the root system is divided into two upper and lower containers, and the upper layer is dried from the fruiting stage and irrigated only to the lower layer. It became clear that it became possible to grow.

(Cultivation conditions)
Next, the cultivation test was done about the cultivation method of the tomato of Example 2 which is the cultivation method which has arrange | positioned the divided | segmented 2 root system horizontally.
As test varieties, “Louis 60” (release source: Takii Seed Co., Ltd., Rootstock: “Vespa”) was used as a test cultivar, and a cultivation test was conducted in a suppression cropping pattern.
Specifically, a container in which dry soil and wet soil were arranged in a horizontal direction was prepared. In this container, a 50 L (50 × 50 × 20 cm) container was partitioned by a waterproof wall, and a tomato was transplanted in the middle to divide the root system.
The test groups were divided into four groups: 1: 1, 1: 4, 1: 9, and control, depending on the volume ratio of the divided root system and the presence or absence of irrigation restriction. Among these, the 1: 1 section is a test section consisting of a 18.8 L capacity root system for continuing irrigation and an 18.8 L capacity root system for restricting irrigation. The 1: 4 section is a test section consisting of a 7.5 L root system that continues irrigation and a 30 L root system that restricts irrigation. The 1: 9 section is a test section consisting of a 3.8 L capacity root system for continuing irrigation and a 33.7 L capacity root system for restricting irrigation. The control group is a complete irrigation area consisting of a 18.8 L capacity two-root system that continues irrigation.

Irrigation was performed as appropriate from after planting to September 8, and after September 9, 1 L was perfused into the two root systems with an infusion tube per day.
The control group continued this irrigation until the end of harvesting, and the other treatment groups irrigated 2 L / day only to the root system with less capacity after the irrigation restriction on September 25.
Other cultivation conditions and the like are the same as in Example 1.

(Measurement items and measurement methods)
The measurement items and measurement method were performed according to Example 1.

(result)
The result of Example 2 will be described with reference to FIG. The vertical axis in FIG. 6 indicates the petiole water potential, and the horizontal axis indicates the measurement date.
The petiole water potential of the control group gradually decreased from −0.6 MPa to −1.0 MPa before the start of irrigation restriction. Each treatment area changed in the same manner, and no relationship between the volume ratio of the root system and the water potential was observed.
On the other hand, the fruit sugar content and 1 fruit weight of the treated group were almost the same as the control group, and water stress was not added to the tomato above-ground part.
In addition, it was speculated that the addition of water stress to the above-ground part of tomato was greatly influenced by the root system morphology as well as the ratio of the amount of roots in dry and wet soil.

  The cultivation results in Example 2 are shown in Table 2 below. In Table 2, there was no significant difference in the fruit weight and dryness under each condition.

In the cultivation method in which the divided two root systems are arranged horizontally (left and right) as in the cultivation test of Example 2, sufficient water stress is not added to the above-ground part, which is unsuitable for cultivation of high sugar content tomatoes. there were.
That is, as in Example 1, it was found that it is important to add water stress to the root zone of the upper layer root, separating the root zone of the upper layer root and the root region of the lower layer root.

(Cultivation conditions)
Next, as Example 3, a cultivation test was conducted on a cultivation method in which a simple commercial container was improved and cultivation of the upper and lower layers was performed.
A test of cultivating was carried out in a control cropping pattern using “Louis 60”, which is a middle varieties, as the test varieties (distributor: Takii Seed Co., Ltd., Rootstock; “Vespa”).

With reference to FIG. 7, the cultivation container which concerns on this Example 3 is demonstrated.
The test used the container which stacked | stacked the commercial planter (made by Daiwa Plastics) of a 20L capacity | capacitance and a 30L capacity | capacitance.
Specifically, the planter with a capacity of 30 L in the lower container was filled with soil by spreading a root-proof permeable sheet on the slats. In order to prevent inflow of irrigation from the lower container, the planter having a capacity of 20 L in the upper container had a 2 cm thick polystyrene plate attached to the outside of the bottom.
A 6 mm × 12 cm hole was made in the bottom square. A plastic net having a mesh width of 3 mm × 3 mm was placed on the hole and processed so that a void was formed. This net can prevent the soil in the upper container from flowing into the lower container.
In addition, the unit of the dimension of the upper container and lower container shown in FIG. 7 is (mm).

In this cultivation container, in all the test sections, the upper container was filled with 20 L of black soil and transplanted with tomato. The planter with a capacity of 30 L in the lower container was laid with a root-proof water-permeable sheet and filled with soil (medium).
There were four test zones: Akadama-ku, Kurobokudo-ku and Kurobokudo-linked. Akadama-ku is a test zone in which a lower container is filled with 10 L of red ball soil. The black soil area is a test area in which the lower container is filled with 10 L of black soil. In addition, in order to clarify the influence of capillary water, the Black Meadow Consolidation Zone is filled with 10L of Black Meadow in the lower container and filled with Black Meadow in the hole of the upper container. This is a test zone connected with soil. In addition, the control group is a complete irrigation group in which the lower container is filled with 10 L of black soil.

Irrigation was performed appropriately after planting, and after October 6, 2 L per day was irrigated in the upper and lower containers of each section with an infusion tube.
In the treatment group except the control group, irrigation to the upper container was stopped from October 10 until the end of cultivation.
Irrigation was carried out by placing two drip tubes ("Stream Line", manufactured by Netafim) on each of the upper and lower containers.

Tomatoes are sown on July 17th, planted on August 31st, cultivated by tailoring one main branch leaving two leaves on the 5-stage fruit bunches, and from October 16th to January 14th. Harvested until day.
Fertilization was applied to the upper container using 10 g of nitrogen per strain as a basic fertilizer, using a compound fertilizer with fertilizer control.
Other cultivation conditions and the like are the same as in Example 1.

(Measurement items and measurement methods)
The petiole water potential was measured by the pressure chamber method between 11:00 and 13:00 on a sunny day by collecting the first and second leaflets of the side branch under the three-stage fruit tress of each strain. The soil moisture content was recorded as a voltage at 15-minute intervals using a TDR (Time domain reflectometry) probe (Decagon, “EC-5”).
In the harvest survey, the sugar content and the fruit weight of all the fruits of each strain were measured.

(result)
The results of the cultivation test of Example 3 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 8 is a photograph showing an actual cultivation example. Thus, the plant body of tomato is planted in the approximate center of the upper container. Roots grow on one surface of the upper container, and some of the roots descend from the four corner holes (connection holes) to the lower container.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing changes in the petiole water potential of tomatoes of the Nakatama variety. The error line indicates the standard error (n = 4). The vertical axis indicates the petiole potential, and the horizontal axis indicates the measurement date.
According to this result, the petiole water potential of the control group after the start of irrigation restriction was stably changed between -0.8 MPa and -0.9 MPa.
Further, in each treatment group except the control group, the water potential rapidly decreased after the irrigation of the upper container was stopped, and became the lowest on October 15. In the surveys on October 10, October 15, and November 7, the water potential of all the treatment areas was lower than that of the control area, and water stress was continuously added.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the transition of soil moisture content of planters cultivated tomatoes of the Nakatama variety. FIG. 10A shows the soil moisture content of the upper container soil. Moreover, FIG.10 (b) shows the soil moisture content of a lower container soil. In each case, the vertical axis indicates the soil moisture content (%), and the horizontal axis indicates the measurement date and time. Moreover, an arrow shows the day which stopped irrigation of the upper container of the treatment area.
Thus, the water content of the upper container of the control group varied between 28.1 and 20.4%. Moreover, the water content of the lower container of the control group varied between 42.6 and 35.3%.
On the other hand, the water content of the upper container gradually decreased to 14% in the Kuroboku soil and Kuroboku soil connected districts. The water content of the lower container of the black soil area varies between 43.4 and 23.3%, and the water content of the lower container of the black soil area is between 43.7 and 24.7%. It fluctuated. In these treatment groups, the moisture content of the lower container remained higher than the moisture content of the upper container of the control group, so it was estimated that water stress was added to the tomato above-ground part under conditions where the lower container was sufficiently irrigated. It was done.

The results of cultivation under the cultivation conditions of Example 3 are shown in Table 3 below.
The average fruit weight of Akadama-ku was 34.9 g, decreased to 64% of the control group, and the fruit sugar content was 1.6 degrees higher than that of the control group.
The average fruit weight of Kuroboku soil was 35.3 g, decreased to 65% of the control, and the fruit sugar content was 1.4 degrees higher than that of the control.
The weight of 1 fruit in the Kuroboku soil connected area was 41.3 g, decreased to 76% of the control area, and the fruit sugar content increased only to 0.4 degrees.
Akatamado and Kurobokudo, excluding the influence of capillary water, tended to have higher sugar content than the Kurobokudo connected district.

From these results, it became possible to produce tomatoes with high sugar content by improving the simple commercial container and cultivating the upper and lower two layers. Moreover, it turned out that the upper and lower layers can obtain fruits having higher sugar content when separated.
By applying the cultivation method of this Example 3, tomato varieties were able to produce tomatoes having a fruit weight of 30 g or more, an average of about 35 g, and a fruit sugar level of about 1.5 degrees higher than that of the control group. .

(Cultivation conditions)
Next, as Example 4, when the test varieties were large varieties, a cultivation test was conducted on a cultivation method for cultivating upper and lower two layers.
Using the large varieties Momotaro 8 (release source: Takii Tanae Co., Ltd., Rootstock: Vespa) as a test variety, a cultivation test was conducted in a summer / autumn cropping type.

The test was performed using the container described in Example 3, but without placing a plastic net on the hole of the upper container and under the condition that capillary water was transferred from the lower container.
Three test zones were set, the Akadama soil zone, the Kuroboku soil zone, and the control zone. Akadama-ku is a test zone in which a lower container is filled with 10 L of red ball soil. The black soil area is a test area in which the lower container is filled with 10 L of black soil. The control group is a complete irrigation group in which the lower container is filled with 10 L of black soil and the upper and lower containers are continuously irrigated.
In any section, 20 L of black soil was filled in the upper container, and tomatoes were transplanted. Tomatoes are sown on May 13 and planted on July 6 and cultivated by tailoring one main branch, leaving 2 leaves on the 6-stage fruit bunch, and from August 12 to November 5 Harvested over the day.
Fertilization was applied to the upper container using 10 g of nitrogen per strain as a basic fertilizer, using a compound fertilizer with fertilizer control.

In each section, the upper container was appropriately irrigated from the time of planting until August 5, and after August 6, the upper and lower containers were irrigated with an amount of 2 L per day using an infusion tube.
In the treatment group excluding the control, watering of the upper container was stopped from August 13 to the end of cultivation, and the watering was restricted.
Irrigation was performed by placing two drip tubes (“Stream Line”, manufactured by Netafim) as irrigation tubes in the upper and lower containers.
Other cultivation conditions and the like are the same as in Example 1.

(Measurement items and measurement methods)
The petiole water potential was measured by the pressure chamber method between 11:00 and 14:00 on a fine day, by collecting small leaves of the first leaf of the side branch under the three-stage fruit tress of each strain.
As for the soil moisture content, the voltage was recorded at intervals of 15 minutes using a TDR probe (manufactured by Decagon, "EC-5").
In the harvest survey, the sugar content and the fruit weight of all the fruits of each strain were measured.

(result)
Next, the cultivation test in Example 4 is demonstrated with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the petiole water potential of large tomato cultivars cultivated in the upper and lower two-layer planters. The vertical axis shows the petiole water potential, and the horizontal axis shows the measurement date. An error line shows a standard deviation (n = 4).
According to the result of FIG. 11, the petiole water potential of Akadama-ku and Kurobokuchi-ku decreased to −1.06 MPa and −0.95 MPa on August 26. Thereafter, the petiole water potential rose to -0.8 MPa on September 18.
On the other hand, the petiole water potential of the control group changed between -0.56 MPa and -0.68 MPa.
From this, it can be seen that water stress was continuously applied to the above-ground part of the tomatoes in the Akamado and Kurobokudo districts.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the transition of soil moisture content of planters cultivated tomatoes of large varieties. Fig.12 (a) shows the soil of an upper container, FIG.12 (b) shows the soil moisture content of the soil of a lower container. In both graphs, the vertical axis indicates the soil moisture content, and the horizontal axis indicates the measurement date. Moreover, an arrow shows the day which stopped irrigation of the upper container of the treatment area. Moreover, the gray line of FIG.12 (b) shows the period when the moisture content of the lower container of the process area was less than the moisture content of the upper container of a control area.
As a result, the water content of the upper container of the control group varied between 33.7% and 20.9%. In the Kuroboku soil area, the water content of the upper container gradually decreased to about 17%. The water content of the lower container of the black soil area varied between 43.2% and 18.7%. In Kuroboku soil, the day when the moisture content of the lower container was lower than the moisture content of the upper container of the control group was measured for 13 days from August 16 to August 28 immediately after irrigation was stopped.
In the meantime, in the Kuroboku soil area, it cannot be denied that the lack of irrigation in the lower container caused water stress, but thereafter, under the condition that the lower container was sufficiently irrigated, water stress was applied to the tomato ground. It was estimated that it was continuously added.

The cultivation results under the cultivation conditions of Example 4 are shown in Table 4 below.
The red sugar content of Akamado and Kurobokudo was 7.3 degrees, about 1 degree higher than the control. The average fruit weight of Akatamado and Kurobokudo was 164.4 g and 175.8 g, which was only a decrease of about 40 g compared to the control.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the frequency distribution of fruit sugar content (a) and fruit weight (b) of tomatoes of large varieties cultivated in upper and lower two-layer planters. FIG. 13 (a) is a diagram showing the sugar content of fruits, the horizontal axis indicates the fruit sugar content class, and the vertical axis indicates the fruit ratio (%) in each fruit sugar content class. FIG.13 (b) is a figure which shows 1 fruit weight, a horizontal axis shows the class value of 1 weight, and a vertical axis | shaft shows the fruit ratio in each class of 1 weight.
According to FIG. 13 (a), in the Akatamachi-ku and Kurobokudo-ku, 68% and 80% of the salesable fruits were fruits having a sugar content of 7 degrees or more, respectively.
According to FIG.13 (b), the red ball soil ward and the Kuroboku soil ward were 95% and 99% of the fruits which were 100g or more, respectively.
Thus, the fruit sugar content could be increased while suppressing a decrease in fruit weight.

Thus, by using the cultivation method of Example 4 of the present invention, even in a large variety, an average fruit weight of 160 g and a fruit sugar content of about 1 degree higher than that of the control group are produced at 7 degrees or higher. I was able to.
That is, even if it cultivates with the cultivation method of a present Example using a large varieties, it can cultivate a high-quality tomato with high sugar content and a large fruit weight.

From the above results, like the cultivation method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the planter is arranged in the upper and lower two layers, the root system is divided, and only the upper layer is dried from the fruiting stage, and only the lower layer is sufficient. By performing irrigation, moderate water stress can be applied to the crop body.
Referring to FIG. 14, in the cultivation method according to the embodiment of the present invention, water is sucked up from the lower layer serving as the wet layer to the root of the upper layer serving as the dry layer, like the growth of plants in the dry land. discharge. That is, during the period of stopping irrigation of the upper layer, water can be absorbed only from the root of the lower layer, and water can be released to the upper dry layer by a hydraulic lift.
As a result, since the tomato itself adjusts the water stress, it is possible to easily perform an appropriate stress treatment.
Therefore, moderately weak water stress is added to the above-ground part of the tomato, solving the problem of reducing the fruit weight, which was a problem in conventional high sugar content tomato production, and the sugar content is about 1 degree compared with the conventional cultivation method. Can be improved.
In addition, the complexity of irrigation management, which has been a problem in conventional cultivation of high sugar content tomatoes, is eliminated, and high sugar content tomatoes can be cultivated under simple irrigation management.

  Note that the configuration and operation of the above-described embodiment are examples, and it is needless to say that the configuration and operation can be appropriately changed and executed without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for cultivating tomatoes, and can be used industrially because it makes it possible to cultivate tomatoes having a particularly high sugar content.

1 Tomato cultivation container 2 Upper container 21 Lower plate (partition)
22 Hole 23 Regulating network 3 Lower container 41, 42 Irrigation tube 5, 6 Medium 71 Root (upper layer root)
72 roots

Claims (11)

A lower container in which the culture medium is contained and becomes the root region of the lower root, and the upper surface is opened;
An upper container placed on the lower container, in which a plant is planted, and a medium serving as a root region of the upper root is stored;
A cultivation container comprising: a hole through which a root of a plant planted in the upper container can enter the lower container. The lower container has a larger area than the upper container,
The lower container is provided with an exposed portion to which the medium is exposed,
Arranging irrigation means in the culture medium of the upper container and the exposed part of the lower container,
The cultivation container according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation means of the upper container and the irrigation of the irrigation means of the lower container are controlled separately. The cultivation container according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the volume ratio of the culture medium in the upper container to the culture medium in the lower container is about 2: 1. The cultivation container according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a gap is provided between the upper container and the lower container. The cultivation container according to claim 4, wherein the gap is a gap that does not allow water or liquid fertilizer irrigated to the lower container to permeate the upper container. The cultivation container according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a restriction part is provided for restricting a medium from entering through the hole from the upper container to the lower container. The cultivation container according to claim 6, wherein the regulation part is a net, and the width of the mesh is about 1 mm x 1 mm to 5 mm x 5 mm. The cultivation container according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hole from the upper container to the lower container is made small so that all the roots of the plant do not pass therethrough. In the cultivation method of high sugar content fruit vegetables,
Cultivation of fruit vegetables with high sugar content, characterized in that the root zone of the upper layer root and the root zone of the lower layer root of the plant body are vertically separated, and the medium that becomes the root zone of the upper layer root is dried from the fruiting stage. Method. A high sugar content tomato characterized by being a fruit body cultivated by the method for cultivating high sugar content fruit vegetables according to claim 9. The fruit body is
The large fruit varieties have a fruit weight of 100 g or more, the medium fruit varieties have a fruit weight of 30 g or more, and the sugar content is 1 degree or more higher than normal soil cultivation. High sugar content tomato.

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