CN116439272B - 一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法 - Google Patents
一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法,属于食品冷冻加工技术领域。本发明采用低温等离子体技术辅助制备香豆酸接枝葡萄籽胶添加至制作面团的原料中,并采用超声辅助和面促进面团中空气的排出,并在交变磁场和交变电场相互交替条件下进行冷冻,解决预成型软欧包面团冷冻期间品质劣变等问题,该方法制备的冷冻预成型软欧包面团经解冻后,失水率低于3%,保质期能延长至90天左右。本发明提供的方法制备过程简单、安全无毒、不影响面团的商业价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法,属于食品冷冻加工技术领域。
背景技术
冷冻面团技术是指在面包、馒头等面制品的生产过程中运用冷冻原理与技术,将制成半成品或成品的面坯在冷冻阶段储藏若干时间,待使用时经解冻及后续加工工艺,最终制成成品的一种食品工业新技术。冷冻面团技术实现了面团生产和面包烘焙的分离,有效解决了面包易老化、货架期短和不便储藏等问题。中心面包工厂将制备好的面团进行急冻和冷冻保藏处理,再将冷冻面团由冷链配送至各连锁门店进行冻藏,待使用时只需将冷冻面团取出解冻、醒发和焙烤,即可获得新鲜面包。此方法便于工厂统一生产标准,使烘焙产品品质更加稳定,同时节省劳动力成本,又能够满足消费者的需求,使消费者在家中就能品尝到新鲜可口的面包。
经长期研究表明,冷冻面团品质劣变主要归因于冰晶的形成和重结晶导致了面团关键组分品质的劣变,具体表现为:(1)酵母活性和产气能力下降;(2)面筋网络结构遭到破坏,使面团的持气能力减弱;(3)淀粉颗粒结构被破坏,淀粉结晶度增加;(4)水分在面团中重新分布最终导致面团发酵时间延长,面包体积缩小,面包芯干硬、结构粗糙,影响口感。关于冷冻面团的稳定性,应解决的主要问题是在冷冻贮存期间维持足够的酵母活力及产气能力,以免最后发酵阶段需时较长,造成解冻后失去发酵能力。
将藜麦蛋白添加到面粉中,蛋白质和面筋蛋白含量显著增高,面团口感较好。在生产面包时加入藜麦蛋白可改善面团表皮色泽,增大面团体积,增加风味,营养增补效果明显。应用于饼干生产时,可提高其保水性,延长产品货架期。胶体可以模仿面筋的弹性,和面团中直链淀粉相互作用,形成螺旋状网络复合体,从而改善面团的质构特性,在储存期间保持其延展性,延缓淀粉的重结晶。超声能引起传播媒介产生高频振动从而形成疏密相间的区域,产生空化效应、热效应和机械效应等,这些效应能够强化食品的加工过程,改变其分子结构和组织状态,引发或促进某些特定化学反应,从而达到改善食品品质、延长产品货架期或提高生产效率的目的。超声辅助和面的面团具有较低的密度和流动指数、更高的膨化率和黏度,生产的蛋糕具有低硬度和高弹性。交变电场和交变磁场辅助冷冻技术是通过外加交变电场和交变磁场作用于物料冻结过程的新型技术,根据物料冻结特性,选择适当场强的低压静电场辅助冷冻有助于提高产品的冻结品质,减少冰晶对产品结构的破坏。
徐学明等发明了一种可改善冷冻面团品质的面团制作方法及其应用(CN112120057A)。该发明将热处理面团加入到冷冻面团的制作方法中,其热处理面团的制作方法为:将面粉与水混合均匀,充分搅拌得到面团;将得到的面团在70~95℃下热处理15~30min;之后冷藏至中心温度达到2~10℃,得到热处理面团。该发明制作得到的冷冻面团提高了面筋蛋白与淀粉间的交联程度,提高了面团的保水性和持气性,有效减缓冷冻面团在冻藏期间的品质劣变;由冷冻面团制得的面包比容大,质地柔软,面包内部纹理结构细腻均匀,符合消费者对优质面包产品的期望。该发明专利采用的是热处理制备面团,而本申请采用低温等离子体技术辅助制备香豆酸接枝葡萄籽胶添加至制作面团的原料中,采用超声辅助和面促进面团中空气的排出,并在交变磁场和交变电场相互交替条件下进行冷冻。
孙大文等发明了一种变频超声辅助冷冻面团的方法及装置(CN 104905382A)。该发明公开了一种变频超声辅助冷冻面团的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)对面团进行发酵;(2)对发酵好的面团进行浸渍冷冻,冷冻循环液的温度为-20℃~-25℃;浸渍冷冻过程中,当面团的中心温度达到-1℃~-3℃时,启用频率为60kHz~80kHz的超声波进行辅助冷冻;当面团的中心温度达到-3℃~-5℃时,启用频率为20kHz~50kHz的超声波进行辅助冷冻,直至面团的中心温度达到18℃后,停止超声,停止浸渍,对面团进行冷藏。该发明采用变频超声辅助冷冻面团,本申请中采用的是交变磁场和交变电场相互交替辅助冷冻预成型软欧包面团,冷冻过程中面团的冰晶较小,对面团结构无明显破坏。
陈清年发明了一种含酵母类冷冻面团及其制备方法(CN115530209A)。该申请涉及一种含酵母类冷冻面团及其制备方法。以所述含酵母冷冻面团的总重量计,所述含酵母冷冻面团的加工原料包括:高筋小麦粉100份;活性干酵母1~2份;冷冻面团改良剂3~8份;所述冷冻面团改良剂包括谷朊粉、抗坏血酸、琥珀酸单甘油酯、丙二醇、变性淀粉和复合酶;其中,所述活性干酵母使用前采用所述冷冻面团改良剂中的琥珀酸单甘油酯、丙二醇和变性淀粉进行包埋处理。本申请中采用的面团原料是高筋粉、冷冻酵母、温水、白砂糖、食盐、谷朊粉、脱脂奶粉、鸡蛋、起酥油、黄原胶、结冷胶藜麦蛋白粉和改性葡萄籽胶混合。
余学锋等人(2007)发明了一种冷冻面团改良剂(公开号:CN101411344B)。所述的冷冻改良剂是将酶制剂(包括α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、戊聚糖酶、脂肪酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、谷氨酰胺转胺酶等中的一种或多种)、维生素、乳化剂、增稠剂、谷朊粉、卵磷脂及填料按一定配比均匀混合而制得的。而本发明添加的是高筋粉、冷冻酵母、温水、白砂糖、食盐、谷朊粉、脱脂奶粉、鸡蛋、起酥油、黄原胶、结冷胶藜麦蛋白粉和改性葡萄籽胶混合。
周一鸣(2016)公开了一种提高冷冻面团品质的方法(公开号:CN105580867B)。该发明将玉米胚芽粉加到配料中一起制备成面包冷冻面团。按重量分数计算,配方为48-54份高筋小麦粉、16-20份玉米胚芽粉、8-10份复配糖、6.5-7.5份粉末油脂、4.4-4.8份谷朊粉、4份全脂奶粉、3-4份复配冷冻面团改良剂、0.5-1.5份精盐、1-1.2份高活性干酵母、0.2-0.6份泡打粉。而本发明添加的是高筋粉、冷冻酵母、温水、白砂糖、食盐、谷朊粉、脱脂奶粉、鸡蛋、起酥油、黄原胶、结冷胶藜麦蛋白粉和改性葡萄籽胶混合。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法。首先采用低温等离子体技术辅助制备香豆酸接枝葡萄籽胶添加至制作面团的原料中,采用超声辅助和面促进面团中空气的排出,并在交变磁场和交变电场相互交替条件下进行冷冻,解决预成型软欧包面团冷冻期间品质劣变等问题,延长保质期。本发明的技术方案如下:
一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)改性葡萄籽胶的制备:采用低温等离子体技术辅助改性香豆酸接枝葡萄籽胶;
(2)新鲜面团的制备:将高筋粉、冷冻酵母、温水、白砂糖、食盐、谷朊粉、脱脂奶粉、鸡蛋、起酥油、黄原胶、结冷胶藜麦蛋白粉和改性葡萄籽胶混合,采用超声辅助和面,分割成每个约60g的小块作为新鲜面团;
(3)新鲜面团的冷冻:将步骤(2)所得到的面团在交变静磁场和交变电场相互交替条件下进行冷冻;
(4)冷冻面团的解冻:将步骤(3)所得到的冷冻面团解冻。
上述步骤(1)所述改性葡萄籽胶的制备为:5.0-10g葡萄籽胶溶解于100mL蒸馏水中,加入0.3mol/L抗坏血酸和2-4g香豆酸,通氮气30min后加入0.1mol/L过氧化氢溶液启动反应;在氮气下持续反应12h并进行低温等离子体处理,进行透析48h,冷冻干燥,得到改性葡萄籽胶。
上述步骤(1)所述改性葡萄籽胶的制备为:低温等离子体处理电压为20-60V,时间为3-8h。
上述步骤(2)所述新鲜面团的配方为:100g高筋粉、2g的冷冻酵母、65g 30℃的温水、8g白砂糖、1g食盐、1.5g谷朊粉、1.5g脱脂奶粉、5g鸡蛋、4.5g起酥油,1-3%藜麦蛋白粉和2-6%改性葡萄籽胶。
上述步骤(2)所述超声和面参数为:功率200W-500W,频率为20-60kHz,时间为30-60min。
上述步骤(3)中面团冷冻的交变磁场强度2-8mT。
上述步骤(3)中面团冷冻的交变电场电压为10-40kV。
上述步骤(3)中面团冷冻的交变磁场和交变电场相互交替时间10-20min,总时间为5-10h。
上述步骤(4)冷冻面团解冻温度为4-20℃。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)该发明解决了冷冻面团的保质期很短,基本维持在一个月左右的问题,该方法制备的冷冻预成型软欧包面团经解冻后,失水率低于3%,保质期能延长至90天左右。
(2)本发明中采用的低温等离子体技术辅助制备香豆酸接枝葡萄籽胶与面筋蛋白具有较好的生物相容性,能够有效降低面团中水分活度,降低冻藏过程中水分迁移对冷冻面团品质的影响,香豆酸接枝葡萄籽胶能够提高小麦面粉制品的冷冻稳定性,通过与面团中面筋蛋白相互作用,加强了面团的网络结构,增强了面团的持水性与持气性,增加发酵后面团的体积;本发明中采用的香豆酸接枝葡萄籽胶能够抑制面团在冷冻期间所发生的水分迁移,避免冰晶大量形成,从而减弱冰晶对酵母细胞和面筋网络的破坏。
(3)本发明采用超声辅助和面所制得的面团具有较低的密度和流动指数、更高的膨化率和黏度,生产的面团具有低硬度和高弹性。
(4)本发明采用交变磁场和交变电场相互交替辅助冷冻,水分子往往会重新定向并有序排列,从而在冻结期间实现牢固的热传递,因此容易形成光滑、微小和均匀的冰,来减少对细胞膜的损伤,有助于减弱冻藏过程中对冷冻面团面筋结构和酵母菌的损伤,从而延长冷冻面团的保质期。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1:一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团的制备方法
本实施例的冷冻预成型软欧包面团的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)新鲜面团的制备:将100g高筋粉、2g的冷冻酵母、65g 30℃的温水、8g白砂糖、1g食盐、1.5g谷朊粉、1.5g脱脂奶粉、5g鸡蛋、4.5g起酥油,2%藜麦蛋白粉混合,用和面机搅拌40min后,分割成每个约60g的小块作为新鲜面团;
(3)新鲜面团的冷冻:将步骤(2)所得到的面团在-20℃下冷冻7h;
(4)冷冻面团的解冻:将步骤(3)所得到的冷冻面团在10℃解冻;
研究表明,该方法制备的冷冻预成型欧包面团在冷冻过程中形成的冰晶较大,对面团结构有严重的破坏,且解冻后冷冻面团失水率为29.73%,酵母菌的产气能力为1.21mg/L,酵母菌存活率为32.91%,面团弹性为0.54,保质期为28天。
实施例2一种改性葡萄籽胶延长冷冻预成型软欧包面团保质期的复合方法本实施例的冷冻预成型软欧包面团的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)改性葡萄籽胶的制备:7g葡萄籽胶溶解于100mL蒸馏水中,加入0.3mol/L抗坏血酸和3g香豆酸,通氮气30min后加入0.1mol/L过氧化氢溶液启动反应。在氮气下持续反应12h并进行低温等离子体处理5h,进行透析48h,冷冻干燥,得到改性葡萄籽胶。
(2)新鲜面团的制备:将100g高筋粉、2g的冷冻酵母、65g 30℃的温水、8g白砂糖、1g食盐、1.5g谷朊粉、1.5g脱脂奶粉、5g鸡蛋、4.5g起酥油,2%藜麦蛋白粉和4%改性葡萄籽胶混合,用和面机搅拌40min后,分割成每个约60g的小块作为新鲜面团;
(3)新鲜面团的冷冻:将步骤(2)所得到的面团在-20℃下冷冻7h;
(4)冷冻面团的解冻:将步骤(3)所得到的冷冻面团在10℃解冻;
研究表明,与实施例1相比,该方法制备的冷冻预成型欧包面团在冷冻过程中形成的冰晶显著减小,且解冻后冷冻面团失水率为18.61%,酵母菌的产气能力为2.07mg/L,酵母菌存活率为40.57%,面团弹性为0.68,保质期为45天。
实施例3一种改性葡萄籽胶和超声和面延长冷冻预成型软欧包面团保质期的复合方法
(1)改性葡萄籽胶的制备:7g葡萄籽胶溶解于100mL蒸馏水中,加入0.3mol/L抗坏血酸和3g香豆酸,通氮气30min后加入0.1mol/L过氧化氢溶液启动反应。在氮气下持续反应12h并进行低温等离子体处理5h,进行透析48h,冷冻干燥,得到改性葡萄籽胶;
(2)新鲜面团的制备:将100g高筋粉、2g的冷冻酵母、65g 30℃的温水、8g白砂糖、1g食盐、1.5g谷朊粉、1.5g脱脂奶粉、5g鸡蛋、4.5g起酥油,2%藜麦蛋白粉和4%改性葡萄籽胶混合,采用超声(功率350W,频率40kHz)辅助和面搅拌40min后,分割成每个约60g的小块作为新鲜面团;
(3)新鲜面团的冷冻:将步骤(2)所得到的面团在-20℃下冷冻7h;
(4)冷冻面团的解冻:将步骤(3)所得到的冷冻面团在10℃解冻;
研究表明,与实施例1相比,该方法制备的冷冻预成型欧包面团在冷冻过程中形成的冰晶显著减小,且解冻后冷冻面团失水率为10.04%,酵母菌的产气能力为3.34mg/L,酵母菌存活率为46.73%,面团弹性为0.80,保质期为67天。
实施例4:一种改性葡萄籽胶延长物理场辅助冷冻预成型软欧包面团保质期的复合方法
(1)改性葡萄籽胶的制备:7g葡萄籽胶溶解于100mL蒸馏水中,加入0.3mol/L抗坏血酸和3g香豆酸,通氮气30min后加入0.1mol/L过氧化氢溶液启动反应。在氮气下持续反应12h并进行低温等离子体处理5h,进行透析48h,冷冻干燥,得到改性葡萄籽胶;
(2)新鲜面团的制备:将100g高筋粉、2g的冷冻酵母、65g 30℃的温水、8g白砂糖、1g食盐、1.5g谷朊粉、1.5g脱脂奶粉、5g鸡蛋、4.5g起酥油,2%藜麦蛋白粉和4%改性葡萄籽胶混合,采用超声(功率350W,频率40kHz)辅助和面搅拌40min后,分割成每个约60g的小块作为新鲜面团;
(3)新鲜面团的冷冻:将步骤(2)所得到的面团在交变静磁场(磁场强度5mT)和交变电场(电压25kV)每10分钟相互交替一次的条件下冷冻7h;
(4)冷冻面团的解冻:将步骤(3)所得到的冷冻面团在10℃解冻。
研究表明,与实施例1相比,该方法制备的冷冻预成型欧包面团在冷冻过程中形成的冰晶显著减小,且解冻后冷冻面团失水率为2.43%,酵母菌的产气能力为4.23mg/L,酵母菌存活率为58.93%,面团弹性为0.92,保质期为88天。
上述4个实施例实验数据如表1所示:
表1冷冻预成型软欧包面团解冻后品质
Claims (3)
1.一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法,其特征在于,主要包括以下步骤:
(1)改性葡萄籽胶的制备:采用低温等离子体技术辅助改性香豆酸接枝葡萄籽胶;
(2)新鲜面团的制备:将高筋粉、冷冻酵母、温水、白砂糖、食盐、谷朊粉、脱脂奶粉、鸡蛋、起酥油、藜麦蛋白粉和改性葡萄籽胶混合,采用超声辅助和面后,分割成每个约60g的小块作为新鲜面团;
(3)新鲜面团的冷冻:将步骤(2)所得到的面团在交变磁场和交变电场相互交替条件下进行冷冻;
(4)冷冻面团的解冻:将步骤(3)所得到的冷冻面团解冻;
其中,步骤(1)所述改性葡萄籽胶的制备过程为:5.0-10g葡萄籽胶溶解于100mL蒸馏水中,加入0.3mol/L抗坏血酸和2-4g香豆酸,通氮气30min后加入0.1mol/L过氧化氢溶液启动反应;在氮气下持续反应12h并进行低温等离子体处理,进行透析48h,冷冻干燥,得到改性葡萄籽胶;
步骤(2)所述新鲜面团的配方为:100g高筋粉、2g冷冻酵母、65g 30℃的温水、8g白砂糖、1g食盐、1.5g谷朊粉、1.5g脱脂奶粉、5g鸡蛋、4.5g起酥油,1-3%藜麦蛋白粉和2-6%改性葡萄籽胶;
步骤(2)所述超声和面参数为:功率200W-500W,频率为20-60kHz,时间为30-60min;
步骤(3)中所述交变磁场强2-8mT,所述交变电场电压为10-40kV;所述交变磁场和交变电场相互交替时间10-20min,总时间为5-10h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法,其特征在于,所述低温等离子体处理电压为20-60V,时间为3-8h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种冷冻预成型软欧包面团延长保质期的复合方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)冷冻面团解冻温度为4-20℃。
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