CN116195468A - Dwarfing cultivation method for wampee - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dwarfing cultivation of mountain wampee, and particularly discloses a dwarfing cultivation method of mountain wampee, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) stock selection, (2) grafting, (3) field planting, (4) field drying, (5) trimming, (6) medicine control and (7) height control. The method for dwarfing cultivation of the wampee is simple, fast in growth, easy in crown formation, capable of promoting early fruiting and reducing cost, and by the method, the wampee orchard crown is plump and compact, short and thick in branches, large in leaves, high in germination rate, good in ventilation and light transmission, early in fruiting, capable of realizing high and stable yield in successive years and capable of realizing sustainable development of wampee.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for dwarfing cultivation of wampee.
Background
The mountain wampee is commonly called chicken skin fruit, is a perennial evergreen big shrub or small arbor of wampee genus of Citrus subfamily of Rutaceae, and is mainly distributed in the southern subtropical region of the south of the return line of North, and mainly produced in the southwest, new Congress of Guangdong, and North Vietnam and Philippines of China. The wampee fruit is summer fruit and is also one of special, thin and excellent fruits in China. The fruits of the wampee fruits are berries, and the peels and the pulps are edible, sweet and sour and pleasant in fragrance; the pulp contains 17 amino acids per 100 g of total content of 1.029 g, vitamin C content of 66-82 mg, total sugar content of 9.8-10%, solid content of 17.5-18.3%, protein of 1.3%, total acidity of 2.28%, edible rate of above 75-80%, drying rate of 11-14%, and abundant various nutrient elements such as iron and calcium, and has high nutritive value. The branches, leaves, fruits and rhizome of the cortex phellodendri have the effects of eliminating phlegm, resolving qi, removing food retention, removing food stagnation and the like, have good health care effect, are favored by consumers, and have wide market prospect.
Along with the improvement of the living standard of people and the development of the side-gate travel industry, the wampee is developed and utilized as a precious spice fruit, and the wild fruit of wampee is selected and developed in a planned way, so that the method has a good development prospect. However, the existing mountain wampee has the problems of long production period, difficult field management, labor and time consumption, high cost, lower unit yield, insignificant benefit and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for dwarfing mountain wampee, which is short in production period, simple in field management operation, low in investment, early-bearing and high in yield, quick in effect taking, and suitable for current mountain wampee planting management through the steps of stock grafting, field planting, fixed drying, pruning, medicine control, height control and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a dwarfing cultivation method of wampee comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock: selecting seeds of a mountain wampee strain with weak trunk and strong branch germination force for sowing, and cultivating seedlings, wherein the seedlings are used as stock seedlings;
(2) Grafting: culturing the stock seedling for 1-1.5 years, and then performing grafting treatment, wherein a grafting opening is selected at a position with the trunk height less than or equal to 20 cm; selecting lignified mature branches on the fine parent tree as scions for grafting; after the grafted seedlings survive for 0.6-1 year, transplanting field plots when the plant height reaches 50-60 cm;
(3) Planting: the field planting is carried out in spring or autumn and winter each year, firstly, field planting holes are dug, then base fertilizer is applied, field planting is carried out, soil is backfilled, seedling is stabilized, foot-soaking and root-setting water is sprayed, and daily growth management is carried out;
(4) Setting, namely topping the mountain wampee seedlings 40-50cm high after setting, culturing 3-4 diaphysis branches, and uniformly distributing;
(5) Pruning:
(1) pruning the branches in a culture way, and carrying out branch pulling dwarfing on the branches when the backbone branches are mature and grow to 40-50cm in length, wherein 2 branches are reserved for each backbone branch to form secondary branches; when the length of the secondary branch is 30-40cm, carrying out topping treatment, culturing the tertiary branch, when the length of the branch is 25-30cm, topping, and so on, forming a higher primary branch, wherein the number of branch stages is controlled to be 7-8;
(2) pruning after picking, retracting fruiting parent branches after harvesting mountain Huang Pijie fruit trees, and selecting and reserving 2 branches for fruiting parent branches in the next year;
(6) When the second-stage branch is formed by pulling out the second-stage shoots after the field planting survival, the chemical control dwarfing is started when the seedling height is 60-100cm, the top leaves are sprayed after the chemical control liquid is diluted, and each shoot is sprayed for 1-2 times; 15-20 days each time;
the drug control liquid is chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol or PBO;
(7) And (3) controlling the height: starting in the next year after the main trunk is cultivated, carrying out branch pulling dwarfing on the branches growing vertically every year, simultaneously pruning weak and small branches and overlapping branches, and controlling the overall tree height to be 2.5-3m in combination with topping.
Further, the stock seedlings are cultivated by plump seeds of mountain wampee 'Guiyan No. 6' strain; the spike is selected from the lignified mature branches of the mother tree of the excellent variety 'Guiyan No. 20' of the mountain wampee.
Further, the field planting hole specification in the step (3) is 0.8mX0.8mX0.6m, the plant row spacing is 2.5-3.5mX4-5 m, and 38-66 plants are planted per mu.
Further, in the step (5), the backbone branches and the trunk form an angle of 70-90 degrees.
Further, 2 branches are selected and reserved for each backbone branch in the step (5) to form secondary branches, when the new shoots grow to 7-8 compound leaves, tops are cut at 5-6 compound leaves, and two side branches are evenly separated on each secondary branch to form a cup-shaped tree shape.
Further, after the fruit tree is harvested in the step (5), the female branches are retracted, 3-4 axillary buds are reserved on the female branches, and 2 branches are selected and reserved after tip extraction and are cultured to be fruit branches of the next year.
Further, the traditional Chinese medicine liquid control in the step (6) is prepared from 10-15g of chlormequat chloride with 50 percent, 15-18kg of water, or 20-30g of paclobutrazol with 15-20kg of water, or 30-50g of PBO with 15-25kg of water.
The method is matched with daily water and fertilizer management in the implementation process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the seedlings with weaker trunks as the stocks for grafting, is more beneficial to dwarfing, and avoids the overstrong growth potential of trunks, thereby enabling the overall trunks to be overhigh. After the method is used for drying, the multi-stage branches are subjected to stress culture in the pruning process to form more fruiting parent branches, and more fruiting parent branches are cultivated while the tree potential height is controlled.
2. The invention controls the height of the tree by combining the medicament while dwarfing the branches, controls the final height of the tree to be 2.5-3m, is convenient for manual pruning, picking and other operations, and the existing non-dwarfing planting method has the problems of 4-5m tree height, high pruning and picking difficulty, need of climbing the tree, unsafe, high labor cost and inconvenient management.
3. The invention requires 24 months from grafting to living to fruiting, and the delivery period is 6-12 months earlier, thus having high benefit. The existing non-dwarfing planting method needs 30-36 months for grafting to fruiting.
4. The method for dwarfing cultivation of the wampee is simple, fast in growth, easy in crown formation, capable of promoting early fruiting and reducing cost, and by the method, the wampee orchard crown is plump and compact, short and thick in branches, large in leaves, high in germination rate, good in ventilation and light transmission, early in fruiting, capable of realizing high and stable yield in successive years and capable of realizing sustainable development of wampee.
5. By adopting the method provided by the invention, more fruiting mother plants are cultivated, the average single plant yield in the first year reaches 1.5kg, and the average single plant yield in the traditional method is only 1kg.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a growth state diagram of comparative example 1 mountain wampee field planting for 1.5 years.
FIG. 2 is a growth state diagram of example 1 mountain wampee field planting for 1.5 years.
FIG. 3 is a growth state diagram of the fruiting period of the mountain wampee according to the planting method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a dwarfing cultivation method of wampee comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock: in 2017, 7 months in the mountain Huang Pichong planting base (A area) of the south Asia community of Longzhou county of Chong left, selecting seeds of mountain wampee with weak trunk and strong branch germination power, namely Guiyan No. 6, to seed and culture seedlings, and taking the seedlings as stock seedlings; germination is started after 8-10 days of cultivation of the seedbed, and the seedbed is transferred to a large cup for continuous cultivation after 70-80 days.
(2) Grafting: culturing stock seedlings for about 1 year, wherein the stem thickness reaches 0.6-0.8cm, grafting, and selecting a position with a grafting opening height of less than or equal to 20 cm; selecting the lignified mature branches of the superior parent tree of Guiyan No. 20 as scions for grafting; transplanting and planting when the seedling reaches 50-60cm after grafting for 6-8 months.
(3) Planting: planting in 2019 in spring 3-4 months, planting 66 plants per mu with plant row spacing of 2.5m×4m. Firstly digging a field planting hole with the specification of 0.8mX0.8mX0.6m, applying a base fertilizer, field planting, backfilling soil, strengthening seedlings, pouring foot-setting root water, and carrying out routine daily growth management;
(4) And (3) drying, namely topping the mountain wampee seedlings 40-50cm high after planting, culturing 3-4 diaphysis and uniformly distributing.
(5) Pruning:
(1) pruning the branches in a culture way, and carrying out branch pulling dwarfing when the backbone branches are mature and grow to 40-50cm in length, wherein the backbone branches and the trunk form an angle of 70-90 degrees. 2 branches are reserved on each backbone branch to form a secondary branch; when the young shoots grow to 7-8 compound leaves and the secondary branches grow to 30-40cm, topping is carried out at 5-6 compound leaves, and two side branches are evenly generated on each secondary branch to form a higher-level branch, wherein the branch level is controlled to be 7-8; and so on, a cup-shaped tree is formed. Fruits began to bear in 5 months 2021.
(2) After picking, pruning and harvesting the mountain Huang Pijie fruit tree, retracting the fruiting parent branch in 8 months of 2021, and selecting 2 branches for fruiting parent branch in the next year.
(6) And (3) medicine control: when secondary branches are formed by pulling out secondary shoots after field planting survival, periodically dwarfing the wampee seedlings by medicine control when the seedling height is 60-100cm, spraying the top leaf branches with 10-15g of 50% chlormequat chloride and 15-18kg of water for 1-2 times per shoot; each time for 15-20 days.
(7) And (3) controlling the height: and (3) growing upright branches each year, continuing to carry out branch pulling dwarfing, pruning weak and small branches and overlapping branches, and controlling the tree height to be 2.5-3m in combination with topping.
The mature fruits of the wampee fruits are harvested in 2021 for 7-8 months, and the single plant yield is recorded.
Example 2:
a dwarfing cultivation method of wampee comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock: in 2017, 7 months in Lu Yezhen mountain Huang Pichong planting base of Chong left Jiangzhou area, selecting seeds of mountain wampee with weak trunk and strong branch germination force, namely Guiyan No. 6, to seed and culture seedlings, and taking the seedlings as stock seedlings; germination is started after 8-10 days of cultivation of the seedbed, and the seedbed is transferred to a large cup for continuous cultivation after 60-70 days.
(2) Grafting: culturing stock seedlings for about 1.5 years, wherein the stem thickness reaches 0.6-0.8cm, grafting, and selecting a position with the grafting opening height less than or equal to 20 cm; selecting the lignified mature branches of the superior parent tree of Guiyan No. 20 as scions for grafting; after grafting survival, transplanting and planting when the seedling reaches 50-60 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in autumn and winter of 10-11 months in 2019, planting 38 plants per mu with a plant row spacing of 3.5m×5m. Firstly digging a field planting hole with the specification of 0.8mX0.8mX0.6m, applying a base fertilizer, field planting, backfilling soil, strengthening seedlings, pouring foot-setting root water, and carrying out routine daily growth management;
(4) And (3) drying, namely topping the mountain wampee seedlings 40-50cm high after planting, culturing 3-4 diaphysis and uniformly distributing.
(5) Pruning:
(1) pruning the branches in a culture way, and carrying out branch pulling dwarfing when the backbone branches are mature and grow to 40-50cm in length, wherein the backbone branches and the trunk form an angle of 70-90 degrees. 2 branches are reserved on each backbone branch to form a secondary branch; when the young shoots grow to 7-8 compound leaves and the secondary branches grow to 30-40cm, topping is carried out at 5-6 compound leaves, and two side branches are evenly generated on each secondary branch to form a higher-level branch, wherein the branch level is controlled to be 7-8; and so on, a cup-shaped tree is formed. Fruits began to bear in 5 months 2022.
(2) After harvesting, pruning, harvesting the mountain Huang Pijie fruit tree, retracting the fruiting parent branch in 8 months of 2022, and selecting 2 branches for fruiting parent branch in the next year.
(6) And (3) medicine control: when secondary branches are formed by pulling out secondary shoots after field planting survival, periodically dwarfing the wampee seedlings by medicine control when the seedling height is 60-100cm, spraying the tops of the leaf branches with 15-20kg of 15% paclobutrazol and 20-30g of water for 1-2 times per shoot; each time for 15-20 days.
(7) And (3) controlling the height: and (3) growing upright branches each year, continuing to carry out branch pulling dwarfing, pruning weak and small branches and overlapping branches, and controlling the tree height to be 2.5-3m in combination with topping.
The mature fruits of the wampee fruits are harvested in 2022 for 7-8 months, and the single plant yield is recorded.
Example 3:
(1) Stock: in 2017, 7 months, selecting seeds of mountain wampee with weak trunk and strong branch germination power from mountain wampee planting base of Mei Jixian in Lung county of Chong left, to seed and culture seedlings, and taking the seedlings as stock seedlings; germination is started after 8-10 days of cultivation of the seedbed, and the seedbed is transferred to a large cup for continuous cultivation after 60-80 days.
(2) Grafting: culturing stock seedlings for about 1.5 years, wherein the stem thickness reaches 0.6-0.8cm, grafting, and selecting a position with the grafting opening height less than or equal to 20 cm; selecting the lignified mature branches of the superior parent tree of Guiyan No. 20 as scions for grafting; after grafting survival, transplanting and planting when the seedling reaches 50-60 cm.
(3) Planting: planting in autumn and winter of 10-11 months in 2019, planting 38 plants per mu with a plant row spacing of 3.5m×5m. Firstly digging a field planting hole with the specification of 0.8mX0.8mX0.6m, applying a base fertilizer, field planting, backfilling soil, strengthening seedlings, pouring foot-setting root water, and carrying out routine daily growth management;
(4) And (3) drying, namely topping the mountain wampee seedlings 40-50cm high after planting, culturing 3-4 diaphysis and uniformly distributing.
(5) Trimming
(1) Pruning the branches in a culture way, and carrying out branch pulling dwarfing when the backbone branches are mature and grow to 40-50cm in length, wherein the backbone branches and the trunk form an angle of 70-90 degrees. 2 branches are reserved on each backbone branch to form a secondary branch; when the young shoots grow to 7-8 compound leaves and the secondary branches grow to 30-40cm, topping is carried out at 5-6 compound leaves, and two side branches are evenly generated on each secondary branch to form a higher-level branch, wherein the branch level is controlled to be 7-8; and so on, a cup-shaped tree is formed. Fruits began to bear in 5 months 2022.
(2) After harvesting, pruning, harvesting the mountain Huang Pijie fruit tree, retracting the fruiting parent branch in 8 months of 2022, and selecting 2 branches for fruiting parent branch in the next year.
(6) And (3) medicine control: when secondary branches are formed by pulling out secondary shoots after field planting survival, periodically dwarfing the wampee seedlings by medicine control when the heights of the seedlings are 60-100cm, adding 15-25kg of water into 40-50g of PBO, spraying the top leaf shoots, and spraying each shoot for 1-2 times; each time for 15-20 days.
(7) And (3) controlling the height: and (3) growing upright branches each year, continuing to carry out branch pulling dwarfing, pruning weak and small branches and overlapping branches, and controlling the tree height to be 2.5-3m in combination with topping.
The mature fruits of the wampee fruits are harvested in 2022 for 7-8 months, and the single plant yield is recorded.
Comparative example 1
The mountain wampee cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock: in 2017, 7 months in the mountain Huang Pichong planting base (B area) of the southern Asia community of Longzhou county of Chong left, selecting seeds of mountain wampee with weak trunk and strong branch germination power, namely Guiyan No. 6, to seed and culture seedlings, and taking the seedlings as stock seedlings; germination starts after 10 days of cultivation of the seedbed, and the seedbed is transferred to a large cup for continuous cultivation after 70-80 days.
(2) Grafting: culturing stock seedlings for about 1 year, wherein the stem thickness reaches more than 0.6cm, grafting treatment can be carried out, and the grafting opening is selected at a position with the height of less than or equal to 20 cm; selecting the lignified mature branches of the superior parent tree of Guiyan No. 20 as scions for grafting; transplanting and planting when the seedling reaches 50-60cm after grafting for 6-8 months.
(3) Planting: planting in 2019 in spring 3-4 months, with plant row spacing of 2.5X4 m and 66 plants per mu. Firstly digging a field planting hole with the specification of 0.8mX0.8mX0.6m, applying a base fertilizer, field planting, backfilling soil, strengthening seedlings, pouring foot-setting root water, and carrying out routine daily growth management;
(4) And (3) drying, namely topping the mountain wampee seedlings 40-50m high after planting, culturing 3-4 diaphysis and uniformly distributing.
(5) Pruning: pruning the branches in a culture way, and cutting off the tops of the branches until the backbone branches are mature and grow to 40-50 cm; 2 branches are reserved on each backbone branch to form a secondary branch; topping when the length of the secondary branches is 30-40cm, and uniformly dividing two side branches on each secondary branch to form three-level branches. Daily water and fertilizer management is the same as in example 1.
Fruits are harvested from 5 months 2021, and the wampee fruits are harvested from 7 to 8 months 2021, and the single plant yield is recorded.
Data from the production process of examples 1-3, comparative example 1 are recorded in Table 1 below.
As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the present invention can effectively control the height of the tree by using the dwarfing agent, the height of the tree after field planting for 2 years is not more than 2m, and the fruiting period is 6-12 months earlier than that of comparative example 1. Although the yield of fruiting in the first year is not high, the acre yield of the embodiment 1 of the invention is 98kg, which is improved by 48.5% compared with 66kg of the comparative example 1 under the condition of the same planting row spacing. The high yield period of the wampee is usually 4-5 years after planting.
FIG. 1 is a growth state diagram of comparative example 1 mountain wampee planted for 1.5 years, the tree height is about 1.85m, and the trunk branch height is about 1.05-1.10 m.
FIG. 2 is a growth state diagram with a planting period of 1.5 in example 1, the height of the tree is about 1.48m, the fixed stem height is about 0.4m, multi-stage branches are cultivated, and the crown is plump and compact. The method provided by the invention can effectively control the tree height, can culture multi-stage branches, and culture more fruit parent branches, and can early bloom. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the growth state of the first year fruiting in example 1.
Claims (7)
1. A method for dwarfing cultivation of wampee is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock: selecting seeds of a mountain wampee strain with weak trunk and strong branch germination force for sowing, and cultivating seedlings, wherein the seedlings are used as stock seedlings;
(2) Grafting: culturing the stock seedling for 1-1.5 years, and then performing grafting treatment, wherein a grafting opening is selected at a position with the trunk height less than or equal to 20 cm; selecting lignified mature branches on the good parent tree as scions, and grafting; after the grafted seedlings survive for 0.6-1 year, transplanting field plots when the plant height reaches 50-60 cm;
(3) Planting: the field planting is carried out in spring or autumn and winter each year, firstly, field planting holes are dug, then base fertilizer is applied, field planting is carried out, soil is backfilled, seedling is stabilized, foot-soaking and root-setting water is sprayed, and daily growth management is carried out;
(4) Setting, namely topping the mountain wampee seedlings 40-50cm high after setting, culturing 3-4 diaphysis branches, and uniformly distributing;
(5) Pruning:
(1) pruning the branches in a culture way, and carrying out branch pulling dwarfing on the branches when the backbone branches are mature and grow to 40-50cm in length, wherein 2 branches are reserved for each backbone branch to form secondary branches; when the length of the secondary branch is 30-40cm, carrying out topping treatment, culturing the tertiary branch, when the length of the branch is 25-30cm, topping, and so on, forming a higher-level branch, wherein the number of branch stages is controlled at 7-8;
(2) pruning after picking, retracting fruiting parent branches after harvesting mountain Huang Pijie fruit trees, and selecting and reserving 2 branches for fruiting parent branches in the next year;
(6) Drug control dwarfing: drawing out the second shoots after the field planting survival to form secondary branches, carrying out drug control dwarfing when the seedling height is 60-100cm, carrying out top leaf spraying after diluting the drug control liquid, and spraying each shoot for 1-2 times; 15-20 days each time;
the drug control liquid is chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol or PBO;
(7) And (3) controlling the height: starting in the next year after the main trunk is cultivated, carrying out branch pulling dwarfing on the branches growing vertically every year, simultaneously pruning weak and small branches and overlapping branches, and controlling the overall tree height to be 2.5-3m in combination with topping.
2. The method for dwarfing cultivation of wampee according to claim 1, wherein: the stock seedlings are cultivated by plump seeds of mountain wampee Guiyan No. 6 strain; the spike is selected from the lignified mature branches of the mother tree of the excellent variety 'Guiyan No. 20' of the mountain wampee.
3. The method for dwarfing cultivation of wampee according to claim 1, wherein: the field planting hole specification in the step (3) is 0.8mX0.8mX0.6m, and the plant row spacing is 2.5-3.5mX4-5 m.
4. The method for dwarfing cultivation of wampee according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the backbone branches and the trunk form an angle of 70-90 degrees.
5. The method for dwarfing cultivation of wampee according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) selecting and reserving 2 branches for each backbone branch in the step (5) to form secondary branches, when the new shoots grow to 7-8 compound leaves, topping at 5-6 long compound leaves, and uniformly dividing two side branches on each secondary branch to form a cup-shaped tree shape.
6. The method for dwarfing cultivation of wampee according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) retracting the fruiting parent branch after fruiting of the fruiting tree in the step (5), leaving 3-4 axillary buds on the fruiting parent branch, and selecting and leaving 2 branches for culturing as fruiting branches of the next year after tip extraction.
7. The method for dwarfing cultivation of wampee according to claim 1, wherein: the traditional Chinese medicine liquid control in the step (6) is prepared by adding 10-15g of chlormequat chloride with 50% into 15-18kg of water, or adding 20-30g of paclobutrazol with 15-20kg of water, or adding 30-50g of PBO into 15-25kg of water.
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