CN105009906A - Randia cochinchinensis seedling cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings, comprising the following steps: (1) collecting seeds, (2) treating seeds, (3) accelerating germination, (4) transplanting seedlings, (5) managing, and (6) grafting. The method for cultivating the yellow bark seedlings of the present invention is simple in operation, easy to grasp, neat in emergence, high in survival rate, low in cost, quick in emergence from nurseries, and large in quantity.

Description

A kind of cultivating method of Huangpi seedlings

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating grafted seedlings of yellow bark.

Background technique

Shanhuangpi is commonly known as chicken skin fruit, also known as fine leaf yellow skin, scientific name C. anisum-olena Merr is a perennial evergreen small tree of the Rutaceae family. Shanhuangpi fruit is a summer fruit, and it is also one of the special, rare and high-quality fruits in my country. Its fruit is a berry, with edible peel and pulp, sweet and sour and pleasant aroma. The pulp contains 17 kinds of amino acids with a total content of 1.029g per 100g, vitamin C content of 66-82 mg, total sugar content of 9.8%-10%, and solid content of 17.5%-18.3%. The protein is 1.3%, the total acidity is 2.28%, the edible rate is over 75%-80%, and the drying rate is 11%-14%. In addition, it is also rich in various nutrients such as iron and calcium, and has high nutritional value. The branches, leaves, fruits, and rhizomes of the phoenix bark also have medicinal effects such as dispelling phlegm and transforming qi, eliminating accumulation and stagnation, and have good health care medicinal effects.

It is unique among Rutaceae fruits for its delicious sour-sweet taste and aroma, and can be processed into dried yellow skin, preserved fruit, jam, beverages and other products. Its products are greasy and appetizing, with unique flavor. The fruit of Shanhuangpi has good nutritional value and medicinal effect, and it is also a fine meat seasoning, which is deeply loved by the public. At present, it generally takes 3-3.5 years from the seed to the emergence of the grafted seedlings from the seedlings of the yellow bark. The cycle is long, the seedlings are not neat, the management is inconvenient, and the cost is high.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings, which has simple operation, neat seedling emergence, high seedling emergence rate and transplanting survival rate, low cost and large quantity.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings, comprising the steps of:

(1) Seed collection: Choose a fruit that is free from pests and diseases, has uniform fruit size, is smooth, yellow-white and translucent, has obvious chicken skin gland spots, and is fully mature;

(2) Seed treatment: Soak the harvested fruit in clean water or warm water (40°C) for half a day or one day, twist and press the fruit to make the seeds break and overflow, rinse the seeds and drain the water, and wait for sowing;

(3) Sowing: From July to August, choose fertile land and convenient drainage and irrigation as the seedbed, set up a shed and cover it with a sunshade net, and make each row into a width of 1 meter and a height of 0.2 meters. After sowing, cover it with fine soil for 1-2 cm, drench it with water, and cover it with a film. After 7-10 days, the roots can germinate. When 20% of the sprouts are exposed to the soil surface, the film can be lifted; the emergence rate Up to 98%. Use 25-30 kg of seeds per mu.

(4) Thinning: Thinning is carried out in two times. From October to November, the first thinning is carried out. After the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm and the leaves are aging, select 30-35% of the larger seedlings (2.5-30,000 plants). Transplant seedlings; 70-65% of the seedlings left on the seedbed are cultivated on the spot, and will be transplanted out for the second time in January-February of the next year;

(5) Management: After the seedlings are transplanted, water them in time, pay attention to maintaining the humidity of the soil in the future, and fertilize after the seedlings survive. In the early stage, topdress with decomposed and thin peanut bran water. As the seedlings grow, increase the dosage and topdress every month 1-2 times, add 0.2-0.3% urea after 2 months; remove the top when the growth height of the seedlings reaches 30-50 cm;

(6) Grafting: The seedlings can be grafted at a distance of 20 cm from the ground with a diameter of more than 0.6 cm. Select the branches of the excellent mother tree in the same year as the scion, cut off the leaves, and cut each section into 10-12 cm (bud eyes 3-4) , soak it in 1000 times solution of thiophanate-methyl for 1-2 minutes, then put it in 2000 times solution of naphthaleneacetic acid for 3-5 minutes, take out the scion, filter and dry it, wrap it in a wet towel, and use the split grafting method for grafting. It can germinate in 18-22 days, and the survival rate reaches 85-90%. After the first batch of shoots mature after the grafted seedlings survived, the sunshade net can be removed, and when the grafted seedlings are 2 batches mature, the seedlings can be out of the nursery with a height of 50 cm or more.

As a further optimization of the technical solution, in the step (1) for seed collection, select the phoenix tree with wide adaptability, strong resistance and fast growth for seed collection.

As a further optimization of the technical solution, before sowing in the step (3), soak the seeds in thiophanate-methyl solution of 800-1000 times liquid for 3-5 minutes, then remove the seeds and drain the water and put them into ABT3 20000-40000 Soak in the double liquid for 2-4 hours, take out and drain the water before sowing. Adopting such a method makes the seedlings emerge neatly and have a high rate of emergence.

As a further optimization of the technical solution, the transplanting in the step (4) needs to be drenched with water before transplanting, the removed seedlings are placed in piles, and two-thirds of the leaves are cut off with scissors, 30-50 plants per pierce, Treat the roots with the pre-configured pulp root liquid, plant the pulp roots into the nutrition bag, and drench them with water after transplanting to improve the survival rate of transplanting, and the survival rate reaches 95-98%.

As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the preparation of the pulp root liquid in the step (4) is to dissolve 1 gram of ABT3 with 100ml of alcohol, add 5kg of water, then add soil and mix and stir to form a mud paste.

Advantages of the present invention:

(1) The method for cultivating grafted seedlings of Huangpi of the present invention is simple in operation, neat in emergence, high in emergence rate and transplanting survival rate, low in cost and large in quantity.

(2) The batch transplantation of seedlings in step (4) is convenient for management, and the nursery is 0.5-1 year earlier than the traditional breeding method, the number of seedlings per unit area is increased by 1-1.5 times, the emergence rate is increased by 5-8%, and the survival rate of transplanting is increased. 5-10%, the survival rate of grafting is increased by more than 10%.

specific embodiment

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but not as a limitation to the invention.

Example 1

A method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings, comprising the steps of:

(1) Seed collection: From June to July every year, choose the yellow bark tree with wide adaptability, strong resistance and fast growth for seed collection. It is free from pests and diseases, and the fruit size is uniform. The fruit is smooth, yellow-white and translucent, and the chicken skin glands are obvious. , fully ripe fruit.

(2) Seed treatment Soak the harvested fruit in clean water for 1 day, twist and press the fruit with two fingers, so that the seeds break and overflow, and the surface of the seeds is covered with gum, rinse with clean water and drain the water, ready for sowing.

(3) Sowing Soak the seeds in 800-900 times liquid thiophanate-methyl solution for 3-4 minutes before sowing, then remove the seeds and drain the water, put them in ABT3 40000 times liquid and soak for 4 hours, take out and drain the water to sow. From July to August, choose fertile land and convenient drainage and irrigation as the seedbed, set up a shed and cover it with a sunshade net, and make each plot into a width of 1 meter and a height of 0.2 meters. Cover with 1 cm of soil, drench with water after covering, and cover with a film. After 7-10 days, roots can germinate. When 20% of the sprouts are exposed to the soil, the film can be lifted, and the emergence rate can reach 98%. Use 25-30 kg of seeds per mu.

(4) Thinning Thinning is carried out in 2 times. In October-November of the year after sowing, the first thinning is carried out. The seedlings grow to 10-12 cm. After the leaves age, select 30-35% of the larger seedlings (2.5-3.0 million plants) , drenched with water before transplanting the seedlings, placed the removed seedlings in piles, cut off 2/3 of the leaves with scissors, and used about 50 plants for each tie, and used the pre-configured slurry root solution (dissolve 1 gram of ABT3 in 100ml alcohol and then add 5kg of water) , and then add soil to mix and stir to make a muddy paste) Treat the roots, pulp the roots and plant them in nutrition bags, drench them with water after transplanting, and cultivate 70-65% of the seedlings left in the seedbeds on the spot, and carry out in 1-2 months of the next year. For the second thinning, the operation steps are the same as those for the first time. Choose rainy days or in the morning or evening to transplant seedlings.

(5) Management After the seedlings are transplanted, water them in time, and then pay attention to maintaining the humidity of the soil. The seedlings left in the seedbed and transplanted into living seedlings should be topdressed with decomposed and thin peanut bran water in the early stage, and the dosage should be increased as the seedlings grow. Apply once a month, and add 0.2% urea after 2 months. The seedlings are topped when the growth height reaches 30-50 cm.

(6) Grafting After the seedlings are cultivated for one year (September to April of the following year), the seedlings can be grafted when the diameter of the seedlings is 20 centimeters above the ground and the diameter is more than 0.6 centimeters. Each section is about 11 cm. Soak it in 1000 times thiophanate-methyl solution for 1-2 minutes, then put it in the grafting liquid for 3-4 minutes, take out the scion, filter and dry it, wrap it in a wet towel, and then graft it. Grafting by split grafting, after grafting, use plastic film to bind from bottom to top until the top of the scion. After grafting, keep the soil moist, and cover with a sunshade net to keep the soil moist, and it will germinate in about 18 days. When the grafted seedlings survive and the first batch of shoots mature, the shade net can be removed. Finally, the seedlings can be out of the garden if the height of the seedlings is more than 50 cm.

By adopting the seedling raising method of the present invention, it can emerge from the nursery 0.5-1 year earlier than the traditional breeding method, the number of seedlings raised per unit area is increased by 1-1.5 times, the emergence rate is increased by 5-8%, the transplanting survival rate is increased by 5-10%, and the grafting survival rate is increased. More than 10%.

Example 2

A method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings, comprising the steps of:

(1) Seed collection: From June to July every year, choose the yellow bark tree with wide adaptability, strong resistance and fast growth for seed collection. It is free from pests and diseases, and the fruit size is uniform. The fruit is smooth, yellow-white and translucent, and the chicken skin glands are obvious. , fully ripe fruit.

(2) Seed treatment Soak the harvested fruit in warm water (40°C) for half a day, squeeze the fruit with two fingers to make the seed break and overflow, and the surface of the seed is covered with gelatin, rinse with clean water and drain the water, and wait for sowing use.

(3) Sowing Soak the seeds in the thiophanate-methyl solution of 900-1000 times liquid for 3-4 minutes before sowing, then remove the seeds and drain the water, put them in ABT3 20000 times liquid and soak for 2 hours, take out and drain the water to sow. From July to August, choose fertile land and convenient drainage and irrigation as the seedbed, set up a shed and cover it with a sunshade net, and make each plot into a width of 1 meter and a height of 0.2 meters. Cover with 2 cm of soil, drench with water after covering, and cover with a film. After 7-10 days, roots can germinate. When 20% of the sprouts are exposed to the soil, the film can be lifted, and the emergence rate can reach 98%. Use 25-30 kg of seeds per mu.

(4) Thinning Thinning is carried out in 2 times. After sowing, in October-November of the year, the first thinning is carried out. The seedlings grow to 13-15 cm. After the leaves age, select 30-35% of the larger seedlings (2.5-3.0 million plants) , drenched with water before transplanting the seedlings, placed the removed seedlings in piles, cut off 2/3 of the leaves with scissors, about 30 plants per tie, and used the pre-configured slurry root solution (dissolve 1 gram of ABT3 in 100ml alcohol and then add 5kg of water) , and then add soil to mix and stir to make a muddy paste) Treat the roots, pulp the roots and plant them in nutrition bags, drench them with water after transplanting, and cultivate 70-65% of the seedlings left in the seedbeds on the spot, and carry out in 1-2 months of the next year. For the second thinning, the operation steps are the same as those for the first time. Choose rainy days or in the morning or evening to transplant seedlings.

(5) Management After the seedlings are transplanted, water them in time, and then pay attention to maintaining the humidity of the soil. The seedlings left in the seedbed and transplanted into living seedlings should be topdressed with decomposed and thin peanut bran water in the early stage, and the dosage should be increased as the seedlings grow. Apply twice a month, and add 0.3% urea after 2 months. The seedlings are topped when the growth height reaches 30-50 cm.

(6) Grafting After the seedlings are cultivated for one year (September to April of the following year), the seedlings can be grafted when the diameter of the seedlings is 20 centimeters above the ground and the diameter is more than 0.6 centimeters. Each section is about 10 cm, soak it in 1000 times thiophanate-methyl solution for 1-2 minutes, then put it in naphthalene acetic acid grafting liquid for 4-5 minutes, take out the scion, filter it dry, wrap it in a wet towel, and then graft it , Grafting by split grafting, after grafting, use plastic film to bind from bottom to top until the top of the scion. After grafting, keep the soil moist, and cover with a sunshade net to keep the soil moist, and it will germinate in about 20 days. When the grafted seedlings survive and the first batch of shoots mature, the shade net can be removed. Finally, the seedlings can be out of the garden if the height of the seedlings is more than 50 cm.

By adopting the seedling raising method of the present invention, it can emerge from the nursery 0.5-1 year earlier than the traditional breeding method, the number of seedlings raised per unit area is increased by 1-1.5 times, the emergence rate is increased by 5-8%, the transplanting survival rate is increased by 5-10%, and the grafting survival rate is increased. More than 10%.

Example 3

A method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings, comprising the steps of:

(1) Seed collection: From June to July every year, choose the yellow bark tree with wide adaptability, strong resistance and fast growth for seed collection. It is free from pests and diseases, and the fruit size is uniform. The fruit is smooth, yellow-white and translucent, and the chicken skin glands are obvious. , fully ripe fruit.

(2) Seed treatment The harvested fruit is soaked in clean water for 1 day, and the fruit is twisted with two fingers to make the seeds break and overflow. The surface of the seed is covered with gum. Rinse with clean water and drain the water, and then use it for sowing.

(3) Sowing Soak the seeds in thiophanate-methyl solution of 850-950 times liquid for 4-5 minutes before sowing, then remove the seeds and drain the water, put them in ABT3 30000 times liquid for 3 hours, take out and drain the water to sow. From July to August, choose fertile land and convenient drainage and irrigation as the seedbed, set up a shed and cover it with a sunshade net, and make each plot into a width of 1 meter and a height of 0.2 meters. Cover with 1 cm of soil, drench with water after covering, and cover with a film. After 7-10 days, roots can germinate. When 20% of the sprouts are exposed to the soil, the film can be lifted, and the emergence rate can reach 98%. Use 25-30 kg of seeds per mu.

(4) Thinning Thinning is carried out in 2 times. In October-November of the year after sowing, the first thinning is carried out. The seedlings grow to 10-15 cm. After the leaves age, select 30-35% of the larger seedlings (2.5-3.0 million plants) , drenched with water before transplanting the seedlings, placed the removed seedlings in piles, cut off 2/3 of the leaves with scissors, about 40 plants per tie, and used the pre-configured slurry root solution (dissolve 1 gram of ABT3 in 100ml alcohol and then add 5kg of water) , and then add soil to mix and stir to make a muddy paste) Treat the roots, pulp the roots and plant them in nutrition bags, drench them with water after transplanting, and cultivate 70-65% of the seedlings left in the seedbeds on the spot, and carry out in 1-2 months of the next year. For the second thinning, the operation steps are the same as those for the first time. Choose rainy days or in the morning or evening to transplant seedlings.

(5) Management After the seedlings are transplanted, water them in time, and then pay attention to maintaining the humidity of the soil. The seedlings left in the seedbed and transplanted into living seedlings should be topdressed with decomposed and thin peanut bran water in the early stage, and the dosage should be increased as the seedlings grow. Apply once a month, and add 0.2-0.3% urea after 2 months. The seedlings are topped when the growth height reaches 30-50 cm.

(6) Grafting After the seedlings are cultivated for one year (September to April of the following year), the seedlings can be grafted when the diameter of the seedlings is 20 centimeters above the ground and the diameter is more than 0.6 centimeters. Each section is about 12 cm. Soak it in 1000 times thiophanate-methyl solution for 1-2 minutes, then put it in naphthalene acetic acid grafting liquid for 4-5 minutes, take out the scion, filter it dry, wrap it in a wet towel, and then graft it , Grafting by split grafting, after grafting, use plastic film to bind from bottom to top until the top of the scion. Keep the soil moist after grafting, and cover with a sunshade net to keep the soil moist. Germination will start in about 20-22 days. When the grafted seedlings survive and the first batch of shoots mature, the shade net can be removed. After maturity, the seedlings can be out of the nursery when the height is more than 50 cm.

By adopting the seedling raising method of the present invention, it can emerge from the nursery 0.5-1 year earlier than the traditional breeding method, the number of seedlings raised per unit area is increased by 1-1.5 times, the emergence rate is increased by 5-8%, the transplanting survival rate is increased by 5-10%, and the grafting survival rate is increased. More than 10%.

Claims (5)

1. a method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings, characterized in that: comprise the steps: (1) Seed collection: Choose a fruit that is free from pests and diseases, has uniform fruit size, is smooth, yellow-white and translucent, has obvious chicken skin gland spots, and is fully mature; (2) Seed treatment: Soak the harvested fruit in clean water or warm water for half a day or one day, twist the fruit to make the seeds burst and overflow, rinse the seeds and drain the water, and wait for sowing; (3) Sowing: From July to August, select fertile land and convenient drainage and irrigation as the seedbed, set up a shed and cover it with a sunshade net, and evenly spread the yellow bark seeds on the seedbed, and cover it with fine soil for 1-2 cm after sowing. After covering, pour water and cover with a film. After 7-10 days, the roots will germinate. When 20% of the sprouts are exposed to the soil, the film can be lifted; (4) Thinning: Thinning is carried out in two times. From October to November, the first thinning is carried out. After the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm and the leaves are aging, select 30-35% of the larger seedlings for transplanting; 70-65% of the seedlings are cultivated on the spot, and the second seedlings are transplanted out in January-February of the next year; (5) Management: After the seedlings are transplanted, water them in time, pay attention to maintaining the humidity of the soil in the future, and fertilize after the seedlings survive. In the early stage, topdress with decomposed and thin peanut bran water. As the seedlings grow, increase the dosage and topdress every month 1-2 times, add 0.2-0.3% urea after 2 months; remove the top when the growth height of the seedlings reaches 30-50 cm; (6) Grafting: The seedlings can be grafted at a distance of 20 centimeters from the ground with a diameter of more than 0.6 centimeters. Select the branches of the excellent mother tree as the scion, cut off the leaves, cut each section into 10-12 centimeters, and soak it in methyl Put thiophanate in 1000 times solution for 1-2 minutes, then put it in 2000 times solution of naphthalene acetic acid for 3-5 minutes, take out the scion, filter and dry it, wrap it in a wet towel, and graft it by split grafting, and it will germinate 18-22 days after grafting After the first batch of shoots are mature after the grafted seedlings survived, the sunshade net can be removed, and when the grafted seedlings are pumped out and the 2 batches of shoots are mature, the height of the seedlings can be more than 50 centimeters and can go out of the nursery. 2. The method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: before sowing in the step (3), the seeds are soaked in thiophanate-methyl solution of 800-1000 times liquid for 3-5 minutes, and then Take out the seeds and drain the water, put them into ABT3 20000-40000 times liquid and soak for 2-4 hours, take out the drained water and sow. 3. The method for cultivating Huangpi seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transplanted seedlings in the step (4) need to be drenched with water before transplanting the seedlings, and the removed seedlings are placed in piles and cut off with scissors Two-thirds of the leaves, 30-50 plants per pierce, the roots are treated with pre-configured pulp root solution, and the pulp roots are planted in nutrition bags, and drenched with water after transplanting. 4. the method for cultivating Huangpi seedlings according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the preparation of the slurry root liquid in the described step (4) is to add water 5kg after dissolving 1 gram of ABT3 with 100ml alcohol, then add soil and mix Stir to form a paste. 5 . The method for cultivating yellow bark seedlings according to claim 1 , characterized in that: in the step (1), the seed selection is made of yellow bark trees with wide adaptability, strong resistance and fast growth.