CN1161380A - 烧结银-铁电触点材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

烧结银-铁电触点材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1161380A
CN1161380A CN97101995A CN97101995A CN1161380A CN 1161380 A CN1161380 A CN 1161380A CN 97101995 A CN97101995 A CN 97101995A CN 97101995 A CN97101995 A CN 97101995A CN 1161380 A CN1161380 A CN 1161380A
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沃尔夫冈·魏泽
威利·马利科夫斯基
罗格尔·沃尔默
彼得·布劳曼
安德烈亚斯·考夫勒
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Abstract

使用碳含量大于0.25重量％且显微硬度大于200HV0.025的铁粉，然后在无氢保护气氛中进行烧结，所得到的烧结银-铁电触点材料的性能可以与银-镍材料相比拟。

Description

烧结银-铁电触点材料及其制备方法
本发明涉及一种烧结银-铁电触点材料及其制备方法，所述材料含有0.5到20重量％的铁，0到5重量％的其他金属的、氧化物的、氮化物的和/或碳化物的添加剂，剩余的是银。
电力工程中使用的接触材料必须有高抗燃性，小焊接力和低接触电阻。对低压电工中的空气开关设备，当开关电流小于100安培，银-镍接触材料是可靠的。在很高温升情况下，它具有高抗燃性。此材料的缺点在于镍，特别是其粉末态，对人体器官有损害作用。另替代镍建议过各种各样的铁。
从日本专利申请79/148109的电触点材料可知，它除了银外还含有铁、镍、铬和/或钴。特别是复合材料AgFe10在很高的导电能力下显示出高抗磨力。
在杂志“Material & Methods Bd44，No3，Sept56，121-126页”中叙述了专用于触点的银-铁材料。从DE-AS11-53-178可知银触点材料除含银和氧化组份外还含有0.001到1％的镍、铁、钼、钴、铬、钛和/或钒。DE-AS1106965叙述一种从银制备能用作触点材料的致密烧结成型体的方法，银中含有5到50％钒、钽、铬、钥、钨、铁、钴或镍中的至少一种金属。
银-铁材料至今还未找到广泛应用，因为在开关时它们易于钝化(Bildung von Deckschichten)并由此导致高的触点发热。此种材料从未能达到银-镍烧结材料的有利性能。
对所有已知的银-铁电触点材料，商业中通用的是加入铁粉，其碳含量小于0.05重量％，因而是比较软的，一般在含氢气氛下，特别是氮-氢混合气中烧结。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种烧结银-铁电触点材料，它含有0.5到20重量％的铁，0到5重量％的其他金属的、氧化物的、氮化物和/或碳化物添加剂，剩余为银。它具有小的焊接趋势，小的接触电阻以及高的烧损强度和长的使用寿命，这方面的性质与已知的银-镍触点材料尽可能的接近。此外还提供了制备这种材料的方法。
按本发明，此任务这样解决，烧结材料的铁组份中含有多于0.25重量％的碳，其显微硬度大于200HV0.025。
优选的是铁组份中含有多于0.4重量％的碳，其显微硬度大于400HV0.025。最好保证银-铁材料中烧结状态下的铁组份具有0.6到1.2重量％的碳含量和显示出大于600HV0.025的显微硬度。
此材料的制备是这样完成的，将0.5到20重量％的铁粉，0到5重量％的其他金属的、氧化物的、氮化物和/或碳化物添加剂与银粉混合，均衡冷压，在保护气下在650到940℃下烧结，然后再挤压。过程中加入的是含有大于0.25重量％碳的铁粉，烧结时必须在无氢的保护气氛下完成。
加入一种初始态和烧结后碳含量均大于0.25重量％，最好是在0.6到1.2重量％之间的铁粉，这种铁的显微硬度大于200HV0.25最好大于600HV0.025。这样得到一种材料，它在实际使用时令人惊异地在高温性能方面有显著的改善。为了保证碳含量大于0.25重量％并因而保证烧结状态下所需的硬度，材料的烧结必须在无氢保护气氛下完成。这样才能保证铁粉的碳含量在烧结时不至于减少。
按本发明的银-铁材料在寿命和其他性能方面，在实际上显示了与银-镍材料相同的性能。
银-铁材料中可以加入0到5重量％金属添加物如锌、铜、锰、铼、铱和钌，或非金属添加物，如氧化钨、氧化钼、氧化铁、氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钇、氧化钽、氧化铬、氧化锰、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化铟、氧化硅和氧化锆。
按本发明的材料还可以令人惊异地更好地进行进一步加工，其原因是在挤压时铁很细地分散到银母体中去，而且这种铁由于其脆性而不会像已知的银-铁材料那样变形延伸为铁细条。此材料可以被经济地制备并在所有的开关性能上可以和银-镍材料相比较。特别是在温升和寿命方面达到银-镍材料能达到的值。
通过成套继电器的电气开关实验，可以证实这一点。实验以5.5千瓦在开关条件AC4下按DIN VDE 0660标准进行。温升测量在20安培电流负荷下，经过20000次开关的接触桥形接片上进行。下表中含有此材料及用此材料进行开关实验并在开关总动作为60000次后的结果。还显示出本发明材料(6到16行)与已知材料AgNi20和AgFe9.5Zn1.5(材料1和2)及含碳小于0.1重量％的普通铁粉的材料(3到5)相比，在触点发热方面得到改善。
 序号   材料   平均温升K     寿命
  1  AgNi20     90     110,000
  2  AgFe8.5Zn1.5     116     95,000
  3  AgFe8     130     95,000
  4  AgFe8Re5     95     90,000
  5  AgFe6MgO0.5     95     90,000
  6  AgFe8.5Zn1.5     110     110,000
  7  AgFe6     110     110,000
  8  AgFe6Re0.5     80     100,000
  9  AgFe4MgO0.5     80     105,000
  10  AgFe4     80     100,000
  11  AgFe10     120     125,000
  12  AgFe8Al2O30.5     95     110,000
  13  AgFe8SnO20.5     90     110,000
  14  AgFe8SiO20.5     90     115,000
  15  AgFe8Ir0.5     95     125,000
  16  AgFe8Ru0.5     90     115,000
本发明材料的制备由下列实施例说明，例中总是加入含有约0.9重量％碳的铁粉，其硬度为约800HV0.025。1、80克铁粉和920克银粉混合。混合物经均衡冷压挤压成毛坯，在无氢的氮气氛下在850℃烧结它，并挤压成直径为8mm的线材。此线材进一步拉伸成所需的最终直径。2、80克铁粉和5克铼粉与915克银粉混合。混合物经均衡冷压挤压成毛坯。在无氢的氮气氛下在850℃烧结它，然后挤压成直径为8mm的线材。此线材进一步拉伸成所需的最终直径。
此线材总是可容易地被进一步加工成触点块。

Claims (4)

1、一种烧结银-铁电触点材料，含有0.5到20重量％铁和0到1.5重量％其他金属的、氧化物的、氮化物的和/或碳化物的添加剂，剩余是银，其特征在于，烧结材料中的铁组份中含有多于0.25重量％的碳，并具有高于200HV0.025的微显硬度。
2、按权利要求1的银-铁材料，其特征在于，材料中的铁组份含有大于0.4重量％的碳，并具有大于400HV0.025的显微硬度。
3、按权利要求1和2的银-铁材料，其特征在于，材料中铁组份含有0.6到1.2重量％的碳，并具有大于600HV0.025的显微硬度。
4、按权利要求1到3的银-铁材料的制备方法，其是将银粉与0.5到20重量％的铁粉和0到5重量％其他金属的、氧化物的、氧化物和/或碳化物添加剂相混合，后经均衡冷压，在650到940℃下烧结，再挤压，其特征在于，铁粉含有大于0.25重量％的碳并在无氢保护气氛中然后进行烧结。
CN97101995A 1996-02-27 1997-02-26 烧结银－铁电触点材料及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1080766C (zh)

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CN103093976A (zh) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-08 品元企业股份有限公司 含不锈钢系材料的电触头
CN105463235A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-04-06 四川飞龙电子材料有限公司 一种银铁铼电接触材料的制备方法
CN107633960A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2018-01-26 大连大学 一种片状铁成网状分布强化的银基电触头材料及其制备方法
CN108823451A (zh) * 2018-07-24 2018-11-16 深圳市中科睿金贵材科技有限公司 一种银-金-碳合金的制备方法
CN112981213A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-18 中国科学院金属研究所 一种银铁复合材料及其制备方法

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DE19934537C1 (de) * 1999-07-22 2001-07-12 Klaus Bruchmann Schutzvorrichtung für einen Kontakt eines Sicherungseinsatzes
DE10012250B4 (de) * 2000-03-14 2006-06-01 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Kontaktwerkstoffe auf Basis Silber-Eisen-Kupfer
DE102010014745B4 (de) 2010-01-15 2011-09-22 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Elektrisches Kontaktelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Kontaktelements
EP2644723B1 (de) * 2012-03-26 2017-01-18 Umicore AG & Co. KG Verbundwerkstoff
CN105359241A (zh) * 2013-06-24 2016-02-24 三菱电机株式会社 电触点材料及其制造方法
CN107675017B (zh) * 2017-08-04 2020-03-31 福达合金材料股份有限公司 一种银铁镍电触头材料及其制备方法

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CN103093976A (zh) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-08 品元企业股份有限公司 含不锈钢系材料的电触头
CN103093976B (zh) * 2011-11-04 2015-09-16 品元企业股份有限公司 含不锈钢系材料的电触头
CN103014402A (zh) * 2012-12-21 2013-04-03 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 高熔点合金元素增强滑动电接触合金及其层状复合材料
CN105463235A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-04-06 四川飞龙电子材料有限公司 一种银铁铼电接触材料的制备方法
CN107633960A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2018-01-26 大连大学 一种片状铁成网状分布强化的银基电触头材料及其制备方法
CN108054031A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2018-05-18 大连大学 一种片状铁成网状分布强化的银基电触头材料
CN108054031B (zh) * 2017-09-11 2019-10-25 大连大学 一种片状铁成网状分布强化的银基电触头材料
CN108823451A (zh) * 2018-07-24 2018-11-16 深圳市中科睿金贵材科技有限公司 一种银-金-碳合金的制备方法
CN112981213A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-18 中国科学院金属研究所 一种银铁复合材料及其制备方法

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JPH09235634A (ja) 1997-09-09
DE59703840D1 (de) 2001-07-26
EP0795367A1 (de) 1997-09-17
US5985440A (en) 1999-11-16
EP0795367B1 (de) 2001-06-20
DE19607183C1 (de) 1997-04-10

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