CN1080766C - 烧结银－铁电触点材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

烧结银－铁电触点材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1080766C
CN1080766C CN97101995A CN97101995A CN1080766C CN 1080766 C CN1080766 C CN 1080766C CN 97101995 A CN97101995 A CN 97101995A CN 97101995 A CN97101995 A CN 97101995A CN 1080766 C CN1080766 C CN 1080766C
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沃尔夫冈·魏泽
威利·马利科夫斯基
罗格尔·沃尔默
彼得·布劳曼
安德烈亚斯·考夫勒
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Abstract

使用碳含量大于0.25重量%且显微硬度大于200HV0.025的铁粉，然后在无氢保护气氛中进行烧结，所得到的烧结银-铁电触点材料的性能可以与银-镍材料相比拟。

Description

烧结银-铁电触点材料及其制备方法
本发明涉及一种烧结银-铁电触点材料及其制备方法，所述材料含有0.5到20重量％的铁，0到5重量％的其他金属的、氧化物的、氮化物的和/或碳化物的添加剂，剩余的是银。
电力工程中使用的接触材料必须有高抗燃性，小焊接力和低接触电阻。对低压电工中的空气开关设备，当开关电流小于100安培，银-镍接触材料是可靠的。在很高温升情况下，它具有高抗燃性。此材料的缺点在于镍，特别是其粉末态，对人体器官有损害作用。另替代镍建议过各种各样的铁。
从日本专利申请79/148109的电触点材料可知，它除了银外还含有铁、镍、铬和/或钴。特别是复合材料AgFe10在很高的导电能力下显示出高抗磨力。
在杂志“Materia1 & Methods Bd44，No 3，Sept56，121-126页”中叙述了专用于触点的银-铁材料。从DE-AS11-53-178可知银触点材料除含银和氧化组份外还含有0.001到1％的镍、铁、钼、钴、铬、钛和/或钒。DE-AS1106965叙述一种从银制备能用作触点材料的致密烧结成型体的方法，银中含有5到50％钒、钽、铬、钥、钨、铁、钴或镍中的至少一种金属。
银-铁材料至今还未找到广泛应用，因为在开关时它们易于钝化(Bildung von Deckschichten)并由此导致高的触点发热。此种材料从未能达到银-镍烧结材料的有利性能。
对所有已知的银-铁电触点材料，商业中通用的是加入铁粉，其碳含量小于0.05重量％，因而是比较软的，一般在含氢气氛下，特别是氮-氢混合气中烧结。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种烧结银-铁电触点材料，它含有0.5到20重量％的铁，0到5重量％的其他金属的、氧化物的、氮化物和/或碳化物添加剂，剩余为银。它具有小的焊接趋势，小的接触电阻以及高的烧损强度和长的使用寿命，这方面的性质与已知的银-镍触点材料尽可能的接近。此外还提供了制备这种材料的方法。
按本发明，此任务这样解决，烧结材料的铁组份中含有多于0.25重量％的碳，其显微硬度大于200HV 0.025。
优选的是铁组份中含有多于0.4重量％的碳，其显微硬度大于400HV0.025。最好保证银-铁材料中烧结状态下的铁组份具有0.6到1.2重量％的碳含量和显示出大于600HV 0.025的显微硬度。
此材料的制备是这样完成的，将0.5到20重量％的铁粉，0到5重量％的其他金属的、氧化物的、氮化物和/或碳化物添加剂与银粉混合，均衡冷压，在保护气下在650到940℃下烧结，然后再挤压。过程中加入的是含有大于0.25重量％碳的铁粉，烧结时必须在无氢的保护气氛下完成。
加入一种初始态和烧结后碳含量均大于0.25重量％，最好是在0.6到1.2重量％之间的铁粉，这种铁的显微硬度大于200HV 0.25最好大于600HV 0.025。这样得到一种材料，它在实际使用时令人惊异地在高温性能方面有显著的改善。为了保证碳含量大于0.25重量％并因而保证烧结状态下所需的硬度，材料的烧结必须在无氢保护气氛下完成。这样才能保证铁粉的碳含量在烧结时不至于减少。
按本发明的银-铁材料在寿命和其他性能方面，在实际上显示了与银-镍材料相同的性能。
银-铁材料中可以加入0到5重量％金属添加物如锌、铜、锰、铼、铱和钌，或非金属添加物，如氧化钨、氧化钼、氧化铁、氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钇、氧化钽、氧化铬、氧化锰、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化铟、氧化硅和氧化锆。
按本发明的材料还可以令人惊异地更好地进行进一步加工，其原因是在挤压时铁很细地分散到银母体中去，而且这种铁由于其脆性而不会像已知的银-铁材料那样变形延伸为铁细条。此材料可以被经济地制备并在所有的开关性能上可以和银-镍材料相比较。特别是在温升和寿命方面达到银-镍材料能达到的值。
通过成套继电器的电气开关实验，可以证实这一点。实验以5.5千瓦在开关条件AC4下按DIN VDE 0660标准进行。温升测量在20安培电流负荷下，经过20000次开关的接触桥形接片上进行。下表中含有此材料及用此材料进行开关实验并在开关总动作为60000次后的结果。还显示出本发明材料(6到16行)与已知材料AgNi20和AgFe9.5Zn1.5(材料1和2)及含碳小于0.1重量％的普通铁粉的材料(3到5)相比，在触点发热方面得到改善。
 序号   材料   平均温升K     寿命
  1  AgNi20     90     110,000
  2  AgFe8.5Zn1.5     116     95,000
  3  AgFe8     130     95,000
  4  AgFe8Re5     95     90,000
  5  AgFe6MgO0.5     95     90,000
  6  AgFe8.5Zn1.5     110     110,000
  7  AgFe6     110     110,000
  8  AgFe6Re0.5     80     100,000
  9  AgFe4MgO0.5     80     105,000
 10  AgFe4     80     100,000
 11  AgFe10     120     125,000
 12  AgFe8Al2O30.5     95     110,000
 13  AgFe8SnO20.5     90     110,000
 14  AgFe8SiO20.5     90     115,000
 15  AgFe8Ir0.5     95     125,000
 16  AgFe8Ru0.5     90     115,000
本发明材料的制备由下列实施例说明，例中总是加入含有约0.9重量％碳的铁粉，其硬度为约800HV 0.025。1、80克铁粉和920克银粉混合。混合物经均衡冷压挤压成毛坯，在无氢的氮气氛下在850℃烧结它，并挤压成直径为8mm的线材。此线材进一步拉伸成所需的最终直径。2、80克铁粉和5克铼粉与915克银粉混合。混合物经均衡冷压挤压成毛坯。在无氢的氮气氛下在850℃烧结它，然后挤压成直径为8mm的线材。此线材进一步拉伸成所需的最终直径。
此线材总是可容易地被进一步加工成触点块。

Claims (4)

1、一种烧结银-铁电触点材料，含有0.5到20重量％铁和0到5重量％其他金属的、氧化物的、氮化物的和/或碳化物的添加剂，剩余是银，其特征在于，烧结材料中的铁组份中含有多于0.25重量％的碳，并具有高于200HV 0.025的显微硬度。
2、按权利要求1的银-铁材料，其特征在于，材料中的铁组份含有大于0.4重量％的碳，并具有大于400HV 0.025的显微硬度。
3、按权利要求1或2的银-铁材料，其特征在于，材料中铁组份含有0.6到1.2重量％的碳，并具有大于600HV 0.025的显微硬度。
4、制备权利要求1-3之一的银-铁材料的方法，其是将银粉与0.5到20重量％的铁粉和0到5重量％其他金属的、氧化物的一氧化物和/或碳化物添加剂相混合，后经均衡冷压，在650到940℃下烧结，再挤压，其特征在于，铁粉含有大于0.25重量％的碳并在无氢保护气氛中然后进行烧结。
CN97101995A 1996-02-27 1997-02-26 烧结银－铁电触点材料及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1080766C (zh)

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CN108054031B (zh) * 2017-09-11 2019-10-25 大连大学 一种片状铁成网状分布强化的银基电触头材料
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US5985440A (en) 1999-11-16
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JPH09235634A (ja) 1997-09-09
EP0795367B1 (de) 2001-06-20
ES2160270T3 (es) 2001-11-01
CN1161380A (zh) 1997-10-08
DE59703840D1 (de) 2001-07-26

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