CN1156478C - 取代的卟啉 - Google Patents
取代的卟啉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1156478C CN1156478C CNB008054584A CN00805458A CN1156478C CN 1156478 C CN1156478 C CN 1156478C CN B008054584 A CNB008054584 A CN B008054584A CN 00805458 A CN00805458 A CN 00805458A CN 1156478 C CN1156478 C CN 1156478C
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- porphyrin
- manganese
- mmol
- use according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 title description 164
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 14
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Abstract
总的来说,本发明涉及调节生理过程和病理过程的方法,具体来说涉及调节细胞的氧化剂水平并因此调节其中这样的氧化剂为参与者之过程的方法。本发明也涉及适用于这样的方法中的化合物和组合物。
Description
技术领域
总的来说,本发明涉及调节生理过程和病理过程的方法,具体来说涉及调节细胞的氧化剂水平并因此调节其中这样的氧化剂为参与者之过程的方法。本发明也涉及适用于这样的方法中的化合物和组合物。
背景
氧化剂作为所有细胞的正常代谢部分而被产生,但它们也是许多疾病过程的重要的致病组分。例如,活性氧种类是肺病、心血管系统疾病、胃肠道系统疾病、中枢神经系统疾病和骨骼肌疾病发病的关键性要素。氧自由基也在调节一氧化氮(NO·)的效应方面起作用。在这种环境中,它们对血管疾病、炎症和衰老过程的发病机理起重要作用。
为了保持正常细胞和器官的功能,需要关键的针对氧化剂的防御酶的平衡。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是金属酶的一个家族,它们催化细胞内和细胞外的O2 ·转化成H2O2加O2,且是对超氧化物自由基损害作用的第一道防线。哺乳动物产生三种性质不同的超氧化物歧化酶。一种是在所有细胞的细胞溶胶中发现的、含有铜和锌的二聚体酶(CuZn SOD)。第二种是在线粒体中发现的、包含锰的四聚体超氧化物歧化酶(Mn SOD);而第三种是在细胞外液中发现的、结合到胞外基质上的、糖基化的、含有铜和锌的四聚体酶(EC-SOD)。已知存在于细胞内的几种其它重要的抗氧化剂酶,包括过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶。虽然细胞外液和细胞外基质仅包含少量的这些酶,但也知道了存在其它的细胞外抗氧化剂,包括自由基清除剂和脂质过氧化作用的抑制剂,例如,维生素C、尿酸、以及α-生育酚(Halliwell等,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.280:1(1990))。
本发明总的来讲涉及适用于调节超氧化物自由基或其它氧化剂为参与者的细胞内过程和细胞外过程的低分子量卟啉化合物,所述其它氧化剂例如过氧化氢或过氧亚硝酸盐。本发明的化合物和方法可应用于在氧化胁迫(stress)起作用的各种各样的生理过程和病理过程。
发明概述
本发明涉及调节氧化剂的细胞内水平和细胞外水平的方法;所述氧化剂例如超氧化物自由基、过氧化氢、过氧化亚硝酸盐、脂类过氧化物、羟基自由基和含硫游离基。更详细地,本发明涉及用低分子量抗氧化剂来调节与超氧化物自由基、过氧化氢、一氧化氮或过氧化亚硝酸盐有关的正常过程或病理过程的方法,且涉及适合于用于这样的方法中的次甲基(即中位)取代的卟啉。
根据下面接着的描述,本发明的目的和优点将是清楚的。
附图简述
图1A-C显示了本发明某些化合物的结构。运用McCord和Fridovich(J.Biol.Chem.244:6049(1969))的方法,测定所述SOD的活性值。用Day等(Arch.Biochem.Biophys.347:256(1997))的方法,测定过氧化物酶的值。如下得到TBARS值:匀浆
在5倍体积的pH 7.4的50mM冰冷磷酸钾中,用Polytron(Turrax T25,德国)将冰冻的成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠脑、肝以及小鼠肺(Pel-Freez,Rogers,AR)匀浆。运用牛血清白蛋白作为标准,用Coomassie Plus蛋白分析(Pierce Rockford,IL)测定匀浆蛋白的浓度。用缓冲液调节匀浆的体积,产生10mg/ml的最终蛋白浓度;且在-80℃将其作为等分试样而冷冻。
匀浆的氧化
在37℃,将含有0.2ml匀浆(0.2mg蛋白)和不同浓度抗氧化剂的微量离心管(1.5ml)保温15分钟。通过添加0.1ml新鲜制备的、包含氯化亚铁(0.25mM)和抗坏血酸盐(1mM)的厌氧贮存溶液,开始大鼠脑匀浆的氧化。将样品放置在37℃振荡水浴中达30分钟(终体积1ml)。通过添加0.1μl溶于乙醇的2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚贮存溶液(60mM),来终止该反应。
脂质过氧化的测定
把大鼠脑匀浆中的硫代巴比土酸活性物质(TBARS)的浓度用作脂质过氧化的指标。通过加入10ml0.01N HCl中的8.2μl 1,1,3,3-四甲氧基丙烷,并在室温混合10分钟,获得丙二醛标准。用水进一步稀释这种原液,以产生在0.25μM至25μM范围内变动的标准。在塞住了的1.5ml微量离心管中,用200μl的0.2M磷酸原液来酸化样品或标准(200μl)。通过添加25μl硫代巴比土酸的贮存溶液(0.11M)并将其混合,来起始颜色反应,然后放置于90℃的加热装置中达30分钟。用0.5ml正丁醇,通过涡旋3分钟并在冰上冷冻1分钟,来抽提TBARS。然后,以12,000×g离心该样品3分钟,并将150μl正丁醇相的等分试样放置于一块96孔板的每个孔中;且在25℃,配有一台Thermomax平板读出器(MolecularDevices,Sunnydale,CA)于535nm进行读数。用根据MDA标准曲线的外推法,将样品的吸光度变换成MDA相当量(μM)。抗氧化剂之中没有一种在用于这些研究的浓度下影响MDA标准品与反应硫代巴比土酸。
统计分析
将数据以其平均值±SE的形式表示。通过使具有不同斜率的S形曲线与所述数据拟合,来测定将脂质过氧化程度减少50%的抗氧化剂的抑制浓度(IC50)以及相应的95%的置信区间(CI)(Prizm,GraphPad,SanDiego,CA)。(也参见Braughler等,J.Biol.Chem.262:10438(1987);Kikugawa等,Anal.Biochem.202:249(1992).)
图2显示了得自与用Aeol-V治疗支气管肺发育不良有关的研究的数据。
发明详述
本发明涉及防止氧化剂有害效应的方法,尤其是涉及防止氧化剂超氧化物自由基、过氧化氢和过氧亚硝酸盐的有害效应的方法,并且涉及预防与治疗与氧化剂胁迫有关的、或由氧化剂胁迫引起的疾病和障碍的方法。本发明也涉及调节与氧化剂有关的生物学过程的方法,所述氧化剂包括超氧化物自由基、过氧化氢、一氧化氮和过氧亚硝酸盐。此外,本发明涉及适用于这样的方法中的化合物和组合物,包括低分子量抗氧化剂(例如活性氧种类清除剂包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶以及过氧化物酶的模拟物(mimetics))及其制剂。
适合于供本发明方法之用的活性氧种类清除剂的模拟物(mimetics)包括次甲基(即中位)取代的卟吩、或其药学上可接受的盐(例如氯化物或溴化物的盐)。本发明既包括不含金属的卟吩,又包括结合金属的卟吩。就结合金属的卟吩来说,优选次甲基(中位)取代卟吩的锰衍生物,但是也可以用非锰的金属,例如铁(II或III)、铜(I或II)、钴(II或III)、或者镍(I或II)。人们会意识到:所选择的金属可以有不同的价态,例如,可以用II价、III价或V价的锰。同样,可以用锌(II),尽管它不经历化合价的变化且因此将不直接清除超氧化物。所述金属的选择可影响所清除的氧种类的选择性。例如,可用结合铁的卟吩来清除NO·,而结合锰的卟吩则对NO·的清除不太好。
本发明的模拟物为式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
R1和R3是相同的基团且为:
R2和R4是相同的基团且为:
Y为卤或-CO2X,
每个X相同或不同,并且为烷基;且每个R5相同或不同(最好相同),并且为H或烷基。
最好是R1和R3为相同的基团且为:
R2和R4是相同的基团且为:
Y为-F或-CO2X,
每个X相同或不同,并且为烷基(最好是C1-4烷基,例如甲基或乙基);且每个R5相同或不同(最好相同),并且为H或烷基(最好是C1-4烷基,例如甲基或乙基)。
在图1中显示了本发明模拟物的具体实例和活性数据。
除了上面描述的次甲基(中位)取代外,可以在任何或全部β碳即2、3、7、8、12、13、17或18碳上取代式I卟啉的一个或更多个吡咯环。表示为P的这样的取代基可以是氢或吸电子基团,例如,每个P可以独立地为NO2基团、卤(例如Cl、Br或F)、腈基、乙烯基、或甲酰基。这样的取代基改变所述卟啉的氧化还原电势,因此增强其清除氧自由基的能力。例如,可以有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、或8个卤(例如Br)取代基(最好是1-4个),有利地是剩下的P为氢。如果P是甲酰,则优选存在不多过2个(在不相邻的碳上),更优选有1个;剩下的P最好为氢。如果P是NO2,则优选存在不多过4个(在不相邻的碳上),更优选有1或2个;剩下的P为氢。
在可允许有异构体的地方,本文所述模拟物的所有这样的异构体都在本发明的范围内。
通过对超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和/或过氧化物酶的活性进行分析,可以选择供本发明方法之用的、优选的模拟物。也可以根据模拟物抑制脂质过氧化作用的能力或清除ONOO·的能力,筛选模拟物(用Szabo等的方法测定,FEBS Lett.381:82(1996))。
用McCord和Fridovich的方法(J.Biol.Chem.244:6049(1969)),可在存在和缺乏EDTA的情况下,监测超氧化物歧化酶的活性。通过测定所述模拟物对无超氧化物歧化酶的大肠杆菌菌株与亲代菌株的需氧生长方面的影响,也可以确定模拟物的功效。具体地是,在pH7.0和37℃下,可以在含有0.2%水解酪蛋白氨基酸和0.2%葡萄糖的M9培养基中培养亲代大肠杆菌(AB1157)和无超氧化物歧化酶的大肠杆菌(JI132);根据接下来在700nm的浊度,可监测生长。通过从该培养基中省去支链氨基酸、芳族氨基酸和含硫氨基酸(葡萄糖基本培养基(M9)加5种必需氨基酸),可以使得该分析对超氧化物歧化酶模拟物更具选择性。
通过测定活性模拟物保护哺乳动物细胞免遭甲基紫罗碱(百草枯)诱发的毒性的能力,也可以对活性模拟物的功效进行估价。具体来讲,可将如下所述培养的、且接种到24孔皿中的大鼠L2细胞与不同浓度的超氧化物歧化酶模拟物预保温,然后,与先前所示浓度的甲基紫罗破保温,从而在对照L2细胞中产生LC75。可以将所述模拟物的功效与甲基紫罗碱诱发的LDH释放的减少相联系(St.Clair等,FEBS Lett.293:199(1991))。
可以用小鼠和/或大鼠模型,既运用气雾剂给药,又运用非肠道注射,在体内测试超氧化物歧化酶模拟物的功效。例如,可以将雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分成每组8只小鼠的4组,以形成标准2X2列联统计模型。可以或者用百草枯(40mg/kg,腹膜内)、或者用盐水处理动物,且用超氧化物歧化酶模拟物或载体对照处理动物。通过先前描述的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)损害参数(LDH、蛋白质和%PMN)的分析(Hampson等,Tox.Appl.Pharm.98:206(1989);Day等,J.Pharm.Methods 24:1(1990)),在百草枯处理后48小时,可以评价肺的损害。可以用4%的低聚甲醛滴注固定来自每组中2只小鼠的肺,并将其加工,以用于在光学显微镜水平的组织病理学。
通过在存在过氧化氢的情况下于240nm测量吸光度(参见Beers和Sizer,J.Biol.Chem.195:133(1952)),或者通过用克拉克(Clark)氧电极测量氧的放出(Del Rio等,Anal.Biochem.80:409(1977)),可以监测过氧化氢酶的活性。
根据Putter和Becker先前描述的方法(过氧化物酶,载于Methods ofEnzymatic Analysis,H.U.Bergmeyer(编辑),Verlag Chemie,Weinheim,第286-292页,(1983)),可以用分光光度法测量过氧化物酶的活性。根据Gardner和Fridovich描述的方法(J.Biol.Chem.266:19328(1991)),可以测定顺乌头酸酶的活性。用已知的O2 ·发生剂(generator),可以将顺乌头酸酶选择性的、可逆的和对SOD敏感的失活用作细胞内O2 ·产生的标记。因此,通过对保护顺乌头酸酶活性的能力的分析,可以挑选合适的模拟物。
根据Ohkawa等(Anal.Biochem.95:351(1979))和Yue等(J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.263:92(1992))描述的方法,可以评价所述模拟物抑制脂质过氧化的能力。可以用铁和抗坏血酸盐来起始组织匀浆中的脂质过氧化作用,以及起始所测定的硫代巴比土酸活性物质(TBARS)的形成。
可以通过测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放,来测试活性模拟物在哺乳动物细胞培养物中的毒性。具体来讲,可以在37℃于pH 7.4的、用10%胎牛血清补充的Ham’s F-12培养基中培养大鼠L2细胞(一种肺II型样细胞(Kaighn和Douglas,J.Cell Biol.59:160a(1973));可以以相等的密度将细胞接种到24孔培养皿中,并将其培养到大约90%汇合;可以以对数剂量(例如在极限必需培养基(MEM)中的微摩尔浓度剂量)向所述细胞添加SOD模拟物,且将其温育24小时。可以根据形态学以及通过用Vassault描述的方法(载于:Methods of Enzymatic Analysis,Bergmeyer(编辑),第118-26页,(1983);在340nm测定NADH的氧化)测定胞质损害标记LDH的释放(例如在一台热动力平板读出器上),来评价毒性。
本发明的模拟物适用于各种各样的方法。式I的化合物、尤其是其结合金属的形式(有利地是结合锰的形式)的特征在于抑制脂质过氧化作用的能力。因此,优选这些化合物供治疗与升高的脂质过氧化水平有关的疾病或障碍之用。此外,优选所述化合物供治疗由氧化胁迫介导的疾病或障碍之用。炎症是实例,包括气喘、炎性肠病、关节炎和脉管炎。
也可以将本发明的化合物(有利地是其结合金属的形式)用于通过把上述卟吩导向关键位置而设计来调节NO·水平的方法。NO·是一种细胞间的信号,并且因此,NO·必须穿过胞外基质而发挥其作用。然而,NO·对由存在于细胞外间隙中的O2 ·介导的失活是高度敏感的。本发明次甲基(中位)取代的卟啉通过阻止由于O2 ·引起的NO·的降解,从而能增加NO·的生物利用度。
在另外一个具体的实施方案中,本发明涉及一种抑制超氧化物自由基产生的方法。在这个实施方案中,使用本发明的模拟物(尤其是其结合金属的形式)来抑制负责超氧化物自由基产生的氧化酶,例如黄嘌呤氧化酶。举例来说,通过在24孔皿中培养大鼠L2细胞,可以评价模拟物保护哺乳动物细胞免受黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶诱发的损害的能力。可将细胞与不同浓度的模拟物预保温,然后,可以往该培养物中添加黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)以及黄嘌呤(X)。对于每个细胞系,通过完成一条有关损害的剂量反应曲线,可以预定用于所述研究的XO/X的合适量。可以以在培养物中大约产生LC75的量使用X/XO。可以将所述模拟物的功效与XO/X诱发的LDH释放的减少相联系。
也可以将本发明模拟物(尤其是其结合金属的形式)用作活性氧种类的催化清除剂,以防止与心肌梗死、冠状动脉分流术手术、中风、急性头部创伤、移植后的器官再灌注、肠局部缺血、出血性休克、肺梗死、外科手术引起的血流闭塞、以及软组织损伤有关的局部缺血再灌注损害。可以进一步地将所述模拟物(尤其是结合金属的形式)用于防止骨骼肌的再灌注损害。同样,可以用所述模拟物(尤其是结合金属的形式)来防止:起因于日光的、对眼睛(和对皮肤)的损害,以及青光眼、白内障和眼睛黄斑变性。也可以用所述模拟物(尤其是结合金属的形式)来治疗烧伤和皮肤病,例如皮炎、银屑病和其它炎性皮肤病。骨病也适合于用所述模拟物治疗。此外,就如同广义的衰老缺陷那样,可以预期与胶原合成或降解方面缺陷有关的结缔组织疾病对用本发明模拟物(尤其是结合金属的形式)的治疗敏感。肝硬变和肾病(包括肾小球肾炎(glomerulanephritis)、急性肾小管坏死、nephroderosis以及透析诱发的并发症)同样适合于用本发明模拟物(尤其是其结合金属的形式)治疗。
也可以将本发明的模拟物(特别是结合金属的形式)用作活性氧种类的催化清除剂,从而提高移植的心脏、肝、肺、肾、皮肤和其它器官及组织的非常有限的贮藏生存力。本发明也提供:抑制起因于导致O2 ·形成的物质的自动氧化之损害的方法,所述物质包括食品、药物、贮藏的血液等等。为了实现这个目的,以足够抑制或防止氧化损害的量将所述本发明的模拟物添加到食品、药物、贮藏的血液等等中,从而抑制或防止与自动氧化反应有关的降解。(关于本发明模拟物的其它用途,参见USP 5,227,405)。可以由本领域技术熟练人员确定在一特定处理中的模拟物的用量或者与一种特定物质有关的模拟物的量。
而且,可以用本发明的模拟物(特别是结合金属的形式)来清除过氧化氢,且因此通过干扰Fenton化学,来防止高活性羟基自由基的形成(Aruoma和Halliwell,Biochem.J.241:273(1987);Mello Filho等,Biochem.J.218:273(1984);Rush和Bielski,J.Phys.Chem.89:5062(1985))。同样,可以用本发明的模拟物(特别是结合金属的形式)来清除过氧亚硝酸盐;通过抑制二氢若丹明123到若丹明123的氧化间接证明了这一点,且通过用截流分析而加速过氧亚硝酸根的降解则直接证明了这一点。
适合于用本发明模拟物(有利地是其结合金属形式)治疗的具体疾病/障碍的其它实例包括:心血管系统的疾病(包括心肌病、局部缺血和动脉粥样硬化性冠状血管疾病)、中枢神经系统的疾病(包括艾滋病性痴呆、中风、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、帕金森氏病和亨廷顿氏病)以及肌肉系统疾病(包括膈(diaphramic)疾病(例如在慢性梗阻性肺病方面的呼吸疲劳、充血心力衰竭的心脏疲劳、与肌病有关的肌无力综合征、ALS和多发性硬化)。许多神经病学障碍(包括癫痫、中风、亨廷顿氏病、帕金森氏病、ALS、阿耳茨海默氏(Alzheimer’s)痴呆和艾滋病性痴呆)与过度刺激谷氨酸受体的主要亚型有关,所述亚型即NMDA(或N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸)亚型。在刺激所述的NMDA受体时,过量的神经元钙浓度引起一系列导致产生氧自由基和一氧化氮(NO·)的膜和细胞质事件。已显示了氧自由基和NO·之间的相互作用引起神经元细胞的死亡。已研制了NMDA毒性的、完全确立的神经元皮层培养物模型,且将其用作药物研制的基础。在这些上述的系统中,本发明的模拟物抑制NMDA诱发的损害。在以皮层神经元的兴奋毒性死亡而终结的细胞内事件中,O2 ·自由基的形成是一个必要的步骤,且进一步证明可以将本发明的模拟物用于清除O2 ·自由基,并因此用作抵抗兴奋毒性损害的保护剂。
本发明也涉及治疗艾滋病的方法。HIV病毒将NfκB启动子用于复制。这种启动子是氧化还原敏感的,因此,氧化剂能调节这个过程。与本发明金属卟啉不同的两种金属卟啉先前已显示了这点(Song等,Antiviral Chem.and Chemother.8:85(1997))。本发明也涉及治疗系统性高血压、动脉粥样硬化、水肿、脓毒性休克、肺动脉高血压(包括原发性肺动脉高血压)、无力、不育症、子宫内膜异位、过早子宫收缩、微生物感染、痛风以及在治疗I型或II型糖尿病方面的方法。例如,本发明的模拟物(特别是结合金属的形式)通过保持血管紧张度并防止多器官系统的损害,可以用来改善与内毒素有关的毒性作用。
正如上面指出的,炎症,尤其是肺部炎症,适合于用本发明的模拟物(特别是结合金属的形式)来治疗(特别是基于炎性的疾病:肺气肿、气喘、包括氧毒性的ARDS、肺炎(尤其是与艾滋病相关的肺炎)、胰囊性纤维变性、慢性窦炎、关节炎和自身免疫病(例如狼疱或类风湿性关节炎))。可以用本发明的模拟物(特别是其结合金属的形式)来治疗肺纤维变性以及肌肉、腱和韧带的炎性反应。EC-SOD被局限于环绕气道的胞间隙和脉管系统平滑肌细胞中。在肺泡隔中,EC-SOD和O2·介导抗炎-促炎平衡。如果NO·不与O2 ·反应形成ONOO·,则由肺泡隔细胞释放的NO·起抑制炎症的作用。通过清除O2 ·,在肺泡隔中EC-SOD使该平衡倾斜抵抗炎症。仅仅当缺乏EC-SOD时或者当的O2 ·释放大大增加时,才将形成有相当大量的ONOO·。可以用本文描述的模拟物来防止由氧过多引起的破坏。
另外,本发明涉及治疗记忆障碍的方法。人们认为一氧化氮是一种与长期记忆增强有关的神经递质。运用一种EC-SOD失效的小鼠模型(Carlsson等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 92:6264(1995)),可以显示在大脑的胞外间隙中记忆损害与超氧化物清除的减少有关。清除的减少导致较高的细胞外O2 ·水平。相信O2 ·与一氧化氮反应,因此阻止或抑制一氧化氮介导的神经传递并因此阻止或抑制长期记忆增强。本发明的模拟物,特别是其结合金属的形式,可被用来治疗痴呆和记忆/学习障碍。
本发明模拟物的可得性也使得有可能研究由O2 ·、一过氧化氢、氧化氮和过氧化亚硝酸盐介导的过程。
可以将上面描述的、结合金属的形式和不含金属的形式的模拟物配制成适合于供本发明方法之用的药用组合物。这样的组合物包含活性剂(模拟物)和一种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。该组合物可以以例如片剂、胶囊或栓剂的剂量单位形式存在。该组合物也可以是适合于注射或喷雾的无菌溶液形式。所述组合物同样可以是适合于眼睛使用的形式。本发明也包括为了局部给药而配制的组合物,这样的组合物采用例如洗剂、乳剂、凝胶或软膏的形式。基于该活性剂的性质、给药方案以及所追求的结果,可以选择包含在所述组合物中的活性剂的浓度。
可以不经过过分的实验而确定待给予的本发明组合物的剂量,并且待给予的本发明组合物的剂量将取决于各种各样的因素,包括该活性剂的性质(包含结合的金属还是不含金属)、给药途径、患者、以及所追求达到的结果。可以预料:静脉注射(IV)或局部给予的模拟物的合适剂量在大约0.01-50mg/kg/天的范围内,优选0.1-10mg/kg/天。对于气雾剂给药,则预期剂量将在0.001-5.0mg/kg/天的范围内,优选0.01-1mg/kg/天。模拟物的合适剂量例如将随着所述模拟物以及随着所追求的结果而变化。
在以下非限制性实施例中将更详细地描述本发明的某些方面。(在实施例I中的化合物的编号仅仅是为了那个实施例。)
实施例I
合成
I.氯化[5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-(噻唑-5-基)卟啉]合锰(porphrinato]-manganese)(III)(5)
1.中-(噻唑-5-基)二吡咯甲烷(dipyrromethane)(2)
将5-噻唑甲醛(1,0.88g,7.81mmol)(Dondoni,A.;Fantin,G.;Fogagnolo,M.;Medici,A.;Pedrini,P.Synthesis 1987,998-1001)、二氯甲烷(30ml)、以及吡咯(6ml,87mmol)放置在一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的250ml三颈烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(0.25ml,3.2mmol)。在室温搅拌2小时的搅拌期之后,将该反应混合物转移到一个分液漏斗中,且用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(50ml)、H2O(50ml)以及盐水(50ml)洗涤它。干燥(Na2SO4)、过滤有机层,并在真空中将其浓缩。将这种残余物溶解于二氯甲烷(50ml)中,并使其吸附到硅胶(3g)上。通过柱层析的纯化(梯度洗脱,33-67%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到作为灰色固体的二吡咯甲烷2(0.95g,52%):1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ5.74(s,1H),6.02(m,2H),6.17(m,2H),6.70(m,2H),7.58(s,1H),8.19(br s,2H),8.68(s,1H)。2.5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-(噻唑-5-基)卟啉(4)
将4-甲酰苯甲酸甲酯(3,180mg,1.09mmol)、二吡咯甲烷2(249mg,1.09mmol)、以及二氯甲烷(110ml)加入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的250ml三颈圆底烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物搅拌15分钟,然后加入TFA(0.25ml,3.25mmol)。在室温下2.5小时的搅拌期之后,添加DDQ(372mg,1.64mmol)。将该反应混合物搅拌过夜,并在真空中除去溶剂。使粗制残余物吸附到硅胶(3g)上,然后通过柱层析纯化(梯度洗脱,0-1.5%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为紫色固体的卟啉4(80mg,10%的收率):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.75(s,2H),4.11(s,6H),8.28(d,4H),8.47(d,4H),8.65(s,2H),8.82(d,4H),8.99(d,4H),9.33(s,2H)。
3.氯化[5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-(噻唑-5-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(5)
在125℃将溶于DMF(15ml)中的卟啉4(75mg,0.101mmol)和MnCl2(129mg,1.03mmol)的溶液加热14.5小时。在暴露于空气流的同时,将这种混合物冷却至室温;然后在真空中将其浓缩。这种产物的反复层析纯化(梯度洗脱,5-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷)得到作为暗绿色固体的卟啉5(7mg,8%):mp>300℃;UV-Visλmax=466.0nm,ε=1.34×105L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=797[C42H26MnN6O4S2]+。
II.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(噻唑-5-基)卟啉]合锰(porphrinato]manganese)(III)(7)和五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(3-甲基噻唑鎓-5-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(9)
1.5,10,15,20-四(噻唑-5-基)卟啉(6)
将配有一个冷凝器的且装有丙酸(60ml)的一250ml三颈烧瓶加热至回流。加入5-噻唑甲醛(1,373mg,3.30mmol)、吡咯(230μl,3.32mmol)、以及另外的5ml丙酸。在回流3.5小时之后,于暴露于空气流的同时,将这种混合物冷却至室温。在真空中除去该溶剂,将残余物重新溶解于氯仿/甲醇/浓氢氧化铵(6∶3∶1;100ml)中,并在真空中除去该溶剂。使残余物吸附到硅胶(3g)上,且通过柱层析将其纯化(梯度洗脱,1-2%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为一种固体的卟啉6(123mg,14%):1H NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.70(s,2H),8.67(s,4H),9.02(s,8H),9.38(s,4H)。
2.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(噻唑-5-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(7)
在125℃将溶于DMF(15ml)中的卟啉6(61mg,0.115mmol)和MnCl2(144mg,1.14mmol)的溶液加热7.5小时。引进空气流,并使这种反应混合物升温至130℃。在1.5小时的搅拌期之后,将该反应混合物冷却至室温。在真空中蒸发该溶剂,并使残余物吸附到硅胶(2g)上。通过柱层析的纯化(梯度洗脱,10-20%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为一种暗绿色固体的卟啉7(36mg,43%):mp>300℃;UV-vis λmax=466.5nm,ε=3.55×104L/cm-mol;FAB MS m/z=695[C32H16MnN8S4]+。
3.四氯化5,10,15,20-四(3-甲基噻唑鎓-5-基)卟啉(8)
于100℃,将在一密封管中的6(123mg,0.19mmol)、CH3I(5ml)、以及DMF(5ml)的溶液加热24小时。把从这种反应混合物中沉淀出的粗制碘化卟啉盐过滤,用二氯甲烷和乙醚交替洗涤它,并在真空下于室温将其干燥。将该碘化物溶于水中,且作为六氟合磷氢酸盐而沉淀出来(通过逐滴加入NH4 +PF6 -水溶液,1g/10ml),将其过滤,并用水和异丙醇洗涤它;在室温将其真空干燥。将该六氟合磷氢酸盐溶于丙酮中,然后过滤(以除去不溶性固体)。通过逐滴加入Bu4NH4 +Cl-的丙酮溶液(1g/10ml),从该滤液中以氯化物盐的形式沉淀出产物,将其过滤,并用大量的丙酮洗涤它;于室温在真空下将其干燥;形成卟啉8(66mg,41%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)-3.1(s,2H),4.6(s,12H),9.49(s,4H),9.58(s,8H)10.85(s,4H)。
4.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(3-甲基噻唑鎓-5-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(9)
把卟啉8(60mg,mmol)溶于水(15ml)中,且通过逐滴加入6N的NaOH,将该溶液的pH调节到pH=12。把固体MnCl2(147mg)添加到这种反应混合物中(所产生的pH=8.7)。在30-60分钟的搅拌期之后,通过一个衬有一张滤纸的多孔漏斗,将该反应混合物过滤。把这滤液的pH调节到pH=4-5(1N HCl),然后过滤该溶液。通过双沉淀的方法(如同关于8的制备所描述的)纯化,得到作为一种暗棕色固体的卟啉9(6mg,8.2%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=466.0nm,ε=1.25×105L/cm-mol。
III.氯化[5,15-双(噻唑-5-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(12)
1.5,15-双(噻唑-5-基)卟啉(11)
将二吡咯甲烷10(288mg,1.97mmol)(Chong,R.;Clezy,P.S.;Liepa,A.J.;Nichol,A.W.Aust.J.Chem.1969,22,229)、5-噻唑甲醛(1,223mg,1.97mmol)、二氯甲烷(198ml)以及氯化钠(13mg,0.2mmol)加入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物剧烈搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(0.46ml,5.97mmol)。在40分钟的搅拌期之后,加入DDQ(671mg,2.96mmol),并将该反应混合物再搅拌4小时。在真空中蒸发掉该溶剂,并使残余物吸附到硅胶(3g)上。反复的层析纯化(梯度洗脱,0.5-2%甲醇/二氯甲烷)得到作为一种固体的卟啉11(28mg,6%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-3.07(s,2H),8.69(s,2H),9.21(d,4H),9.39(s,2H),9.43(d,4H),10.35(s,2H)。
2.氯化[5,15-双(噻唑-5-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(12)
在125℃将溶于DMF(8ml)中的卟啉11(28mg,0.0587mmol)和MnCl2(85mg,0.675mmol)的溶液加热15小时。在暴露于空气流的同时,将这种混合物冷却至室温;并通过旋转式汽化除去该溶剂。将残余物溶于10%的甲醇/二氯甲烷(50ml)中,并使其吸附到硅胶(500mg)上。通过柱层析的纯化(5-10%的甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度)得到作为一种暗棕色固体的卟啉12(29mg,86%):mp>300℃;UV-vis λmax=457.5nm,ε=3.75×104 L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=529[C26H14MnN6S2]+。
IV.三氯化[5,15,-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-双(3-甲基噻唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(16)
1.中-(噻唑-2-基)二吡咯甲烷(14)
将2-噻唑甲醛(13,0.97g,8.6mmol)(Dondoni,A.;Fantin,G.;Fogagnolo,M.;Medici,A.;Pedrini,P.Synthesis 1987,998-1001)、二氯甲烷(35ml)、以及吡咯(7.2ml,104mmol)放置在一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的250ml三颈烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(0.26ml,3.4mmol)。在室温下1小时的搅拌期之后,将该反应混合物转移到一个分液漏斗中,且用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(50ml)、H2O(50ml)、以及盐水(50ml)洗涤它。干燥(Na2SO4)、过滤有机层,并在真空中将其浓缩。将这种残余物溶解于二氯甲烷(50ml)中,并使其吸附到硅胶(3g)上。通过柱层析的纯化(1∶1乙醚/己烷),得到作为一种固体的二吡咯甲烷14(1.22g,62%):1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ5.78(s,1H),6.04(s,2H),6.15(m,2H),6.71(m,2H),7.20(d,1H),7.74(d,1H),8.81(br s,1H)。
2.5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-(噻唑-2-基)卟啉(15)
将二吡咯甲烷14(771mg,3.39mmol)、4-甲酰苯甲酸甲酯(3,0.557 g,3.36mmol)以及二氯甲烷(350ml)加入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物搅拌15分钟,然后加入TFA(0.8ml,10.4mmol)。在室温下3小时的搅拌期之后,添加DDQ(1.16g,1.64mmol)。将该反应混合物搅拌2天,然后在真空中除去该溶剂。使残余物吸附到硅胶(4g)上,并通过柱层析纯化(梯度洗脱,0-1.5%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为一种紫色固体的卟啉15(140mg,11%):(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.29(s,2H),4.12(s,6H),8.02(d,2H),8.30(d,4H),8.44(d,2H),8.47(d,4H),8.84(d,4H),9.05(d,4H)。
3.三氯化[5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-双(3-甲基噻唑鎓-2-基)-卟啉]合锰(III)(16)
在135℃将溶于DMF(20ml)中的卟啉15(26mg,0.054mmol)和MnCl2(40mg,0.40mmol)的溶液加热过夜。将这种混合物冷却至45℃;并加入CH3I(0.8ml,11.2mmol)。在45℃将该反应混合物搅拌36小时,并在真空中蒸发DMF。通过柱层析(梯度洗脱,乙酸乙酯、氯仿、甲醇、浓氢氧化铵)纯化该残余物,得到有杂质污染的产物。用柱层析(6∶3∶1氯仿/甲醇/浓氢氧化铵)接着进行第二次纯化,收集非极性的级分,在该柱的上部保留大部分的产物。收集包含该产物的上部硅胶,并用氯仿/甲醇/1N HCl(6∶4∶1)洗涤它。蒸发该酸性溶液,得到含有过量无机盐的产物。用双沉淀方法纯化,且在35℃真空干燥2天,得到作为一种黑色固体的卟啉16(9mg,28%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=459.0nm,ε=1.36×105L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=886[C44H32MnN6O4S2+CH3CO2 -]-+2。
V.三氯化[5,15-双(3-甲基噻唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(19)
1.5,15-双(噻唑-2-基)卟啉(17)
将二吡咯甲烷(10,677mg,4.6mmol)、2-噻唑甲醛(13,524mg,4.6mmol)、以及二氯甲烷(450ml)加入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的500ml三颈圆底烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(1ml,16.9mmol)。在1小时的搅拌期之后,加入DDQ(1.58g,7mmol),并将该反应混合物搅拌过夜。在真空中蒸发掉该溶剂,并使残余物吸附到硅胶(3g)上。通过柱层析反复纯化(梯度洗脱,1-2%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为一种紫色固体的卟啉17(51mg,4.62%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-3.05(s,2H),8.06(d,2H),8.51(d,2H),9.35(d,4H),9.45(d,4H),10.40(s,2H)。
2.二氯化5,15-双(3-甲基噻唑鎓-2-基)卟啉(18)
在100℃将一根密封管中的卟啉17(140mg,0.29mmol)、CH3I(4ml)、以及DMF(20ml)的溶液加热48小时。过滤在这反应期间所形成的沉淀,并用乙醚洗涤它。用双沉淀方法纯化该固体沉淀,得到作为一种紫色固体的卟啉18(120mg,71%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.4(s,2H),4.09,4.06(2s,6H,阻转异构体(atropisomer)N-CH3),9.07(d,2H),9.2(d,2H),9.4(d,4H),9.9(d,4H),10.96(s,2H)。
3.三氯化[5,15-双(3-甲基噻唑鎓-2-基)-卟啉]合锰(III)(19)
把卟啉18(120mg,0.21mmol)溶于水中(25ml),且通过逐滴加入6N的NaOH,将该溶液的pH调节到pH=12。添加固体MnCl2(147mg)(所产生的pH=8.7),并搅拌这反应混合物30-60分钟。通过一个衬有一张滤纸的多孔漏斗,将该反应混合物过滤。把这滤液的pH调节到pH=4-5(1N HCl),并过滤该溶液。使该滤液经历双沉淀的方法,以得到卟啉18和卟啉19的混合物。通过柱层析(9∶0.5∶0.5 CH3CN/水/饱和KNO3)分离这种所产生的混合物,得到作为一种深色固体的卟啉19(25mg,18%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=450.5nm,ε=5.99×104L/cm-mol。
VI.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(22)和五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(24)
1. 5,10,15,20-四(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉(21)
将醛20(2.0g,18.2mmol)和丙酸(400ml)装入一个配有磁力搅拌器、温度计、以及冷凝器的金箔覆盖的1升三颈烧瓶中。将这反应混合物加热至120℃,在那时,加入吡咯(1.26ml,18.2mmol)。在回流下再加热该反应混合物达4.5小时,并在室温将其搅拌3天。在真空中除去丙酸,并将深色残余物溶解于5%的甲醇/二氯甲烷中,且使其吸附到硅胶(18g)上,反复的柱层析纯化得到作为紫色固体的卟啉21(280mg,10%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.94,-2.90,-2.84(3s,2H,阻转异构体NH),3.39-3.58(多个s,12H,阻转异构体N-CH3),7.50(d,4H),7.71(d,4H),8.92(m,8H)。
2.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(22)
在120℃将溶于DMF(12ml)中的卟啉21(29.9mg,0.047mmol)和MnCl2(61mg,0.48mmol)的溶液加热14小时。在暴露于空气流的同时,将这种混合物冷却至室温;并通过旋转汽化浓缩它。通过柱层析的纯化(氯仿/甲醇/浓氢氧化铵/乙酸乙酯),得到作为一种黑色固体的卟啉22(12.5mg,37%):mp>300℃;UV-Visλmax=463.0nm,ε=9.35×104L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=683[C36H28MnN12]+。
3.四氯化5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉(23)
在100℃,将溶于DMF(10ml)中的卟啉21(589mg,0.934mmol)和CH3I(3ml,48mmol)的溶液在一根密封管中加热14小时。把该反应混合物倾注到乙酸乙酯(200ml)中,导致卟啉23作为碘化物的盐而沉淀。过滤该溶液,并用乙酸乙酯和乙醚洗涤棕色的固体。通过柱层析(CH3CN/水/饱和KNO3)纯化这种产物,并使其经历所述的双沉淀方法,以得到作为一种紫色固体的卟啉23(540mg,69%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.22(s,2H),3.78(s,24H),8.60(s,8H),9.44(s,8H)。
4.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(24)
把卟啉23(1.0g,0.83mmol)溶于甲醇(550ml)中,然后加入MnCl2(1.57g,12.5mmol)。在将空气流通入该反应混合物的同时,用6N的NaOH将该溶液的pH调节到pH=7.3。将该溶液的pH保持为pH>7.3达1小时,然后,用1N HCl调节它到pH=4.5。过滤该溶液,并使沉淀经历所述的双沉淀方法,且将其干燥,以得到作为一种固体的卟啉24(0.570g,74%):mp>300℃;UV-vis λmax=460.5nm,ε=8.38×104L/cm-mol;FAB MS m/z=778[C40H40MnN12]+4。
VII.氯化[5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(27)和三氯化[5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(29)
1. 5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉(26)
将二吡咯甲烷25(0.71g,3.09mmol)、二氯甲烷(310ml)、醛4(50mg,3.09mmol)、以及氯化钠(22.4mg,0.35mmol)装入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的500ml三颈烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(1.48ml,19.2mmol)。于室温下4小时的搅拌期之后,加入DDQ(1.05g,4.65mmol)。将这种反应混合物搅拌过夜,并在真空中除去该溶剂。使残余物吸附到硅胶(10g)上。然后通过柱层析纯化(梯度洗脱,2-4%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到作为一种紫色固体的卟啉26(220g,24%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.85(s,2H),3.43,3.49(2s,6H,阻转异构体N-CH3),4.14(s,6H),7.49(d,2H),7.68(d,2H),8.30(d,4H),8.48(d,4H),8.87(m,8H)。
2.氯化[5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(27)
在120℃将溶于DMF(20ml)中的卟啉26(50.7mg,0.071mmol)和MnCl2(88.6mg,0.70mmol)的溶液加热14小时。在暴露于空气流的同时,将这种混合物冷却至室温;然后通过旋转式汽化而浓缩。通过柱层析的纯化(5-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷的梯度洗脱),得到作为一种黑色固体的卟啉27(25mg,42%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=463.0nm,ε=6.70×104L/cm-mol;FAB MS m/z=791[C44H32MnN8O4]+。
3.二氯化5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉(28)
在室温下,将卟啉26(80mg,0.11mmol)、DMF(7ml)以及CH3I(0.150ml)的溶液搅拌4小时。通过旋转式汽化而除去溶剂,产生一种暗色的残余物。通过柱层析(氯仿/甲醇/浓氢氧化铵/乙酸乙酯)纯化这种残余物,得到作为一种紫色固体的卟啉28(21mg,18%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.02(s,2H),3.73(s,12H),4.08(s,6H),8.45(q,8H),8.56(s,4H),9.13(s,8H);API MS m/z=384[C46H40MnN8O4]+2。
4.三氯化[5,15-双(4-甲酯基苯基)-10,20-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(29)
在120℃将溶于DMF(5ml)中的卟啉28(19.5mg,0.022mmol)和MnCl2(22.4mg,0.18mmol)的溶液加热14小时。在暴露于空气流的同时,将这种反应混合物冷却至室温;然后通过旋转式汽化而浓缩。通过柱层析的纯化(氯仿/甲醇/浓氢氧化铵/乙酸乙酯),得到粗制卟啉28。用双沉淀方法进行纯化并干燥,得到作为一种固体的卟啉29(6.5mg,37%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=447.5nm,ε=1.27×105L/cm-mol;FAB MS m/z=856[C46H38MnN8O4]+2。
VIII.氯化[5,15-双(乙酯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(32)
1. 5,15-双(乙酯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉(31)
将二吡咯甲烷25(0.5g,2.2mmol)、二氯甲烷(220ml)、以及醛30(225mg,2.2mmol)装入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的500ml三颈烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(1.0ml,12.9mmol)。于室温下2小时的搅拌期之后,加入DDQ(750mg,3.3mmol),并将该反应混合物搅拌过夜。加入三乙胺(2.0ml),在真空中蒸发掉该溶剂,并使残余物吸附到硅胶(10g)上。通过柱层析纯化(5%乙醇/氯仿),得到作为紫色固体的卟啉31(86mg,13%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-3.08,-3.06(2s,2H,阻转异构体NH),1.82(t,6H),3.40,3.49(2s,6H,阻转异构体N-CH3),5.11(q,4H),7.53(d,2H),7.72(d,2H),8.94(m,4H),9.50(d,4H)。
2.氯化[5,15-双(乙酯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(32)
在120℃将溶于DMF(12.5ml)中的卟啉31(27.7mg,0.045mmol)和MnCl2(59.1mg,0.47mmol)的溶液加热14小时。添加另外的MnCl2(29mg,0.23mmol),并将这反应混合物再加热2小时。在暴露于空气流的同时,将这种反应混合物冷却至室温;然后通过旋转式汽化将其浓缩。使空气通入溶于有2滴1N HCl之乙醇的所述产物溶液中。在真空中蒸发掉该溶剂,产生一种暗色的残余物。通过柱层析的纯化(10-30%的乙醇/氯仿梯度洗脱),得到作为黑色固体的卟啉32(6.5mg,35%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=458.5nm,ε=6.01×104L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=667[C34H28MnN8O4]+。
IX.氯化[5,15-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(34)和三氯化[5,15-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(36)
1. 5,15-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉(33)
将二吡咯甲烷10(1.0g,6.84mmol)、二氯甲烷(680ml)、以及醛20(753mg,6.84mmol)装入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的1升三颈烧瓶中。将该反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(3.1ml,40.2mmol)。于室温下2小时的搅拌期之后,加入DDQ(2.3g,10.1mmol),并将这种反应混合物搅拌过夜。将三乙胺(5.75ml)加到这种反应混合物中,在真空中除去该溶剂;且使残余物吸附到硅胶(15g)上。通过柱层析纯化(6%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为一种紫色固体的卟啉33(0.120g,7%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-3.28(s,2H),3.45,3.52(2s,6H,阻转异构体N-CH3),7.53(d,2H),7.74(d,2H),9.07(m,4H),9.46(d,4H),10.37(s,2H)。
2.氯化[5,15-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(34)
在120℃将溶于DMF(20ml)中的卟啉33(50mg,0.106mmol)和MnCl2(180mg,1.4mmol)的溶液加热14小时。在暴露于空气流的同时,将这种混合物冷却至室温;然后通过旋转式汽化而浓缩。通过柱层析的纯化(33%甲醇/氯仿),得到作为一种黑色固体的卟啉34(32mg,53%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=454.5nm,ε=4.98×104L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=523[C28H20MnN8]+。
3.二氯化5,15-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉(35)
将卟啉33(95mg,0.20mmol)溶解于DMF(15ml)中,加入CH3I(0.5ml,8.03mmol),并搅拌该反应混合物48小时。在真空中蒸发掉DMF,且通过柱层析(30%甲醇/二氯甲烷至6∶4∶1氯仿/甲醇/1N HCl的梯度洗脱)纯化暗色的残余物,得到作为紫色固体的卟啉35(150mg,99%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.54(s,2H),3.79(s,12H),8.55(s,4H),9.28(d,4H),11.00(s,2H)。
4.三氯化[5,15-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(36)
将卟啉35(150mg,0.198mmol)溶解于水(50ml)中,并用6N的NaOH将该溶液的pH调节到pH=12。添加二氯化锰(375mg,2.98mmol),并将该反应混合物搅拌30分钟。在一个细多孔过滤漏斗上,过滤该溶液,将滤液的pH调节到pH=4(1N HCl),并过滤该溶液。用双沉淀的方法纯化固体滤饼,并且干燥,从而得到作为一种固体的卟啉36(25.5mg,20%):mp>300℃;UV-Visλmax=447.5nm,ε=8.66×104L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=5 54[C30H26MnN8+H]+2。
X.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,4,5-三甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(39)和五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,3,4,5-四甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(41)
1.5,10,15,20-四(1,4,5-三甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉(38)
在一个250ml的、配有一根温度计和冷凝管的三颈圆底烧瓶里,将按照文献方法(Alcalde,E.等,Tetrahedron 52:15171-15188(1996))制备的1,4,5-三甲基咪唑-2-甲醛(37,750mg,5.42mmol)溶解于丙酸(120ml)中。将该溶液加热至回流,然后加入吡咯(0.38ml,5.42mmol)。在回流下再加热该反应混合物达5小时,然后,在暴露于空气过夜的同时,将其冷却至室温。通过真空蒸馏除去丙酸,产生一种暗色固体残余物,使这残余物吸附到硅胶上。通过柱层析纯化(5-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷的梯度洗脱),得到作为一种阻转异构体混合物的卟啉38(108mg,10.7%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.90,-2.85,-2.78(3s,2H,阻转异构体NH),2.50(s,12H),2.57(s,12H),3.15-3.42(多个s,12H,阻转异构体N-CH3),8.91(多个s,8H,阻转异构体)。
2.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,4,5-三甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(39)
在一个25ml的、配有冷凝器的圆底烧瓶里,将卟啉38(40mg,0.05mmol)溶解于甲醇(7ml)中。加入二氯化锰(II)(101mg,0.81mmol),并在回流下加热这反应混合物2小时。将空气通入该反应混合物中达20分钟,然后在真空中蒸发甲醇。通过柱层析纯化残余物,得到作为黑色固体的卟啉39(12mg,27%):mp>300℃;UV-vis λmax=474.5nm,ε=9.74×104L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=795[C44H44MnN12]+。
3.四碘化5,10,15,20-四(1,3,4,5-四甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉(40)
在一个密封管反应器中,将卟啉38(40mg,0.05mmol)溶解于DMF(5ml)中。加入甲基碘(1ml,16mmol),并将该密封管在60℃加热过夜。用乙酸乙酯(100ml)稀释该反应混合物,导致沉淀出粗制产物40;通过真空过滤收集该粗制产物40,然后,通过柱层析纯化,得到作为暗紫色固体的卟啉40(25mg,35%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.20(s,2H),2.72(s,24H),3.58(s,24H),9.40(s,8H)。
4.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,3,4,5-四甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(41)
把卟啉40(25mg,0.02mmol)溶解于一个圆底烧瓶(25ml)里的甲醇(7ml)中。加入二氯化锰(II)(50mg,0.4mmol),并在60℃加热这反应混合物6小时。加入NaOH(2N,2滴),且再搅拌这反应混合物1个小时。通过硅藻土过滤该反应混合物,并用甲醇彻底地洗涤它。用UV-vis光谱学分析滤液,显示该反应不完全。蒸发掉该溶剂,并将残余物重新溶解于甲醇(7ml)中;然后加入二氯化锰(50mg,0.4mmol),且在60℃加热这反应混合物3小时。使空气通入这反应混合物中达20分钟。经过硅藻土过滤该反应混合物,并用甲醇洗涤它。在真空中蒸发掉溶剂,得到棕色残余物。用双沉淀的方法纯化该产物,得到作为一种棕色固体的卟啉41(10mg,51%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=451.5nm,ε=9.29×104L/cm-mol。
XI.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(44)
1. 5,10,15,20-四(4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)卟啉(43)
在一个用金箔覆盖的、且配有一套冷凝器的250ml三颈圆底烧瓶里,将按照文献方法(Moderhack,D.;Hoppe-Tichy,T.J.Prakt.Chem/Chem-Ztg.1996,338(2),169-171)制备的4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-2-甲醛(42,1.06g,9.5mmol)溶解于丙酸(180ml)中。将这种溶液加热至回流,然后加入吡咯(0.66ml,9.5mmol)。在回流下再搅拌这反应混合物达2.5小时。然后在2天内在暴露于空气的同时,冷却该反应至室温。减压蒸发丙酸,得到暗色残余物,使这种残余物吸附到硅胶上。通过柱层析反复纯化(梯度洗脱,氯仿、甲醇、浓氢氧化铵、乙酸乙酯),得到作为阻转异构体固体混合物的卟啉43(219mg,14.6%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.36,-3.13,-3.09(3s,2H,阻转异构体NH),3.43-3.64(多个s,12H,阻转异构体N-CH3),9.03(宽s,8H),9.20(s,4H)。
2.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(44)
在一个配有一套冷凝器的100ml圆底烧瓶里,将卟啉43(77mg,0.12mmol)溶解于DMF(30ml)中。加入二氯化锰(II)(156mg,1.24mmol),并在130℃将这反应加热过夜。当这反应混合物冷却至室温时,将其暴露于空气流。一经加入二氯甲烷(5-10ml),所述卟啉就沉淀出来。过滤出固体,并用乙醇和二氯甲烷洗涤它,从而得到作为一种棕色固体的卟啉44(45mg,51%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=452.5nm,ε=8.10×104L/cm-mol;FAB-MS m/z=787[C32H24MnN18]+。
XII.氯化[5,15-双(三氟甲基)-10,20-双(咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(47)
1.5,15-双(三氟甲基)-10,20-双(咪唑-2-基)卟啉(46)
将二吡咯甲烷45(1.13g,5.28mmol)、1-甲基咪唑-2-甲醛(20,582mg,5.28mmol)、氯化钠(32mg,0.54mmol)以及二氯甲烷(530ml)加入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的1升三颈圆底烧瓶中。将这反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(2.40ml,31.1mmol)。在105分钟的搅拌期之后,加入DDQ(1.81g,7.97mmol),并将这种混合物搅拌过夜。通过旋转式汽化除去该溶剂;且使粗制的残余物吸附到硅胶(3g)上。通过柱层析纯化(梯度洗脱,5-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为一种黑色固体的卟啉46(455mg,34%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.87(s,2H),3.56(m,6H),7.85(d,2H),8.05(d,2H),8.99(m,4H),9.81(m,4H);API-MS m/z=607[C30H20F6N8+H]+。
2.氯化[5,15-双(三氟甲基)-10,20-双(咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(47)
将溶解于DMF(15ml)中的游离卟啉46(113mg,0.186mmol)和二氯化锰(360mg,2.86mmol)的溶液升温至120℃达6小时。在暴露于空气流的同时,将这种混合物冷却至室温;然后通过旋转式汽化浓缩它。把这粗制的残余物溶解于10%的甲醇/二氯甲烷(100ml)中,然后,使其吸附到硅胶(1g)上。通过柱层析纯化(10%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为暗绿色固体的卟啉47(45mg,35%):mp>300℃;UV-vis λmax=456.5nm,ε=1.98×104L/cm-mol;API-MS m/z=659[C30H18F6MnN8]+。
XIII.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1-甲基吡唑-4-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(50)和五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,2-二甲基吡唑鎓-4-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(52)
1.5,10,15,20-四(1-甲基吡唑-4-基)卟啉(49)
向丙酸(200ml)和按照文献方法(Finar,I.L.;Lord,G.H.J.Chem.Soc.1957,3314-3315)制备的1-甲基吡唑-4-甲醛(48,0.92g,8.32mmol)的回流溶液中,加入吡咯(0.63ml,8.32mmol)。用金箔覆盖该反应,并在回流下将其加热3.5小时。在冷却时,将这种反应混合物暴露于空气过夜。然后通过真空蒸馏除去丙酸。把这粗制的残余物溶解于5%的甲醇/二氯甲烷(100ml)中,然后,使其吸附到硅胶(5.3g)上。通过柱层析纯化(5%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为紫色固体的卟啉49(231mg,17.5%):1H NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-2.74(s,2H),4.28(s,12H),8.31(s,4H),8.67(s,4H),9.16(s,8H)。
2.氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1-甲基吡唑-4-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(50)
在一个配有一套冷凝器的25ml圆底烧瓶里,将卟啉49(50mg,7.93×10-2mmol)溶解于DMF(10ml)中。加入二氯化锰(II)(150mg,1.19mmol),并在125℃加热这反应达4小时。将空气流导入,再加热这反应达2小时。用乙酸乙酯(100ml)稀释这反应物,并通过真空过滤收集粗制的产物。通过柱层析(10%甲醇/二氯甲烷)纯化该残余物,继之以相反离子交换,得到作为绿色固体的卟啉50(15mg,25%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=471.0nm,ε=9.55×104L/cm-mol;API-MS m/z=683[C36H28MnN12]+
3.四氯化5,10,15,20-四(1,2-二甲基吡唑鎓-4-基)卟啉(51)
在一个密封管反应器中,将卟啉49(200mg,0.32mmol)溶解于DMF(15ml)中。加入甲基碘(2ml,32mmol),并将这密封管在125℃加热6小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释这反应混合物,导致沉淀出粗制产物;通过真空过滤收集该粗制产物,且最初通过柱层析纯化(8∶1∶1 CH3CN/水/饱和KNO3),用双沉淀的方法进行进一步纯化,从而得到作为暗紫色固体的卟啉51(45mg,17%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.16(s,2H),4.55(s,24H),9.45(s,8H),9.50(s,8H)。
4.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,2-二甲基吡唑鎓-4-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(52)
把卟啉51(40mg,4.80×10-2mmol)溶解于水(10ml)中。加入二氯化锰(II)(90mg,0.72mmol),并在50℃加热这反应。用UV-vis光谱学分析这反应混合物,显示反应不完全。加入追加的二氯化锰(210mg,1.67mmol),且连续加热这反应混合物,直到通过UV-vis分析显示出该反应完全为止。过滤,继之以用双沉淀方法纯化产物,得到作为棕色固体的卟啉52(25mg,57%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=461.0nm,ε=7.82×104L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=683[C40H40MnN12-4CH3]+。
XIV.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-5-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(56)
1. 5,10,15,20-四(1-甲基咪唑-5-基)卟啉(54)
向丙酸(400ml)和按照文献方法(Dener,J.M.;Zhang,L-H.;Rapoport,H.J.Org.Chem.1993,58,1159-1166)制备的1-甲基咪唑-5-甲醛(53,2.0g,18.16mmol)的回流溶液中,加入吡咯(1.26ml,18.16mmol)。用金箔覆盖这反应,然后在回流下将其加热5小时。在冷却时,将这种反应混合物暴露于空气达60小时。然后通过真空蒸馏除去丙酸。把残余物溶解于10%的甲醇/二氯甲烷中,然后,使其吸附到硅胶(6g)上。通过柱层析纯化(5-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷的梯度洗脱),得到作为紫色固体的卟啉54(600mg,21%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.80,-2.75(2s,2H,阻转异构体NH),3.42-3.58(多个s,12H,阻转异构体N-CH3),7.87-7.98(多个s,4H,阻转异构体),8.06(s,4H),8.95-8.99(多个s,8H,阻转异构体)。
2.四碘化5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-5-基)卟啉(55)
在一个密封管反应器中,将卟啉54(395mg,0.63mmol)溶解于DMF(15ml)中。加入甲基碘(2ml,32mmol),并在100℃将这密封管加热过夜。用乙酸乙酯(200ml)稀释这反应混合物,导致沉淀出粗制产物;通过真空过滤收集该粗制产物。通过柱层析纯化(8∶1∶1 CH3CN/水/饱和KNO3),得到作为暗紫色固体的卟啉55(250mg,33%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.25(s,2H),3.46-3.64(多个s,12H,阻转异构体),4.30(s,12H),8.68(s,4H),9.48(s,8H),9.78(s,4H)。
3.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-5-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(56)
把卟啉55(200mg,0.17mmol)溶解于甲醇(100ml)中。加入二氯化锰(II)(315mg,2.50mmol),并将空气流导入到这反应混合物中。通过在这反应期间逐滴加入6N的NaOH,使该溶液的pH保持在8,在这段时间之后,用6N的HCl调节该pH到5。在一个多孔漏斗上,过滤这反应物。用双沉淀的方法纯化产物,得到作为棕色固体的卟啉56(63mg,41%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=454.0nm,ε=1.23×105L/cm-mol。
XV.氯化[5,15-双(4-氟苯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(59)和三氯化[5,15-双(4-氟苯基)-10,20-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(61)
1.5,15-双(4-氟苯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉(58)
将二吡咯甲烷25(1.00g,4.43mmol)、4-氟苯甲醛(57,550mg,4.43mmol)、氯化钠(30mg,0.5mmol)以及二氯甲烷(450ml)加入到一个金箔覆盖的、配有一台磁力搅拌器和N2注入口的1升三颈圆底烧瓶中。将这种反应混合物搅拌10分钟,然后加入TFA(2.0ml,26mmol)。在105分钟的搅拌期之后,加入DDQ(1.51g,6.65mmol),并将这种混合物搅拌过夜。通过旋转式汽化除去该溶剂,并使粗制的残余物吸附到硅胶(3g)上。通过柱层析纯化(梯度洗脱,5-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到作为黑色固体的卟啉58(229mg,16%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.05(s,2H),3.70,3.72(2s,6H,阻转异构体N-CH3),7.73(m,8H),8.19(s,2H),8.30(m,4H),9.02(m,6H);API-MS m/z=659[C40H28F2N8+H]+。
2.氯化[5,15-双(4-氟苯基)-10,20-双(1-甲基咪唑-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(59)
在一个配有一套冷凝器的50ml圆底烧瓶里,将卟啉58(85mg,0.13mmol)溶解于DMF(7ml)中。加入二氯化锰(II)(215mg,1.71mmol),并在120℃将这反应加热3.5小时。把这反应物冷却至室温;然后通过旋转式汽化而浓缩它。将粗制的残余物溶解于20%的甲醇/二氯甲烷(100ml)中,且使其吸附到硅胶(2g)上。通过柱层析的纯化(3-8%甲醇/二氯甲烷的梯度洗脱),得到作为绿色固体的卟啉59(15mg,16%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=463.0nm,ε=4.05×104L/cm-mol;API MS m/z=711[C40H26F2MnN8]+。
3.二氯化5,15-双(4-氟苯基)-10,20-双(1,3-咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉(60)
在一个密封管反应器中,将卟啉58(170mg,0.26mmol)溶于DMF(7ml)里。加入甲基碘(6ml,96 mmol),并在100℃将该密封管加热过夜。冷却该混合物至室温,且通过旋转式汽化浓缩它。通过添加溶于丙酮的Bu4NCl溶液(0.3g/ml),以氯化物的盐形式从丙酮中沉淀该残余物。在一个多孔漏斗上,收集该固体,用大量的丙酮洗涤它,并于室温在真空下将其干燥;得到作为暗紫色固体的卟啉60(196mg)。使用该产物,而不进一步纯化。
4.三氯化[5,15-双(4-氟苯基)-10,20-双(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(61)
将溶解于甲醇(30ml)中的卟啉60(196mg,估计为0.26mmol)缓慢升温至55℃,然后,加入Mn(OAc)3·2H2O(694mg,2.59mmol)。在3小时的搅拌期之后,将这种混合物冷却至室温;通过硅藻土(Celite)将其过滤,并通过旋转式汽化而浓缩它。用双沉淀的方法纯化该残余物,得到作为暗绿色固体的卟啉61(102mg;经过两个步骤,46%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=458.0nm,ε=1.30×104L/cm-mol;ES-MS m/z=967[(C42H32F2MnN8)+3+2(CF3CO2 -)]+。
XIV.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(65)
1.5,10,15,20-四(1-乙基咪唑-2-基)卟啉(63)
向丙酸(450ml)和1-乙基咪唑-2-甲醛(62,2.5g,20.0mmol,用与甲基咪唑衍生物20类似的方法制备的)的回流溶液中,加入吡咯(1.40ml,20.0mmol)。用金箔覆盖这反应,然后在回流下将其加热5小时。在冷却时,将这种反应混合物暴露于空气过夜。然后通过真空蒸馏除去丙酸。通过柱层析反复纯化(氯仿/甲醇/浓氢氧化铵/乙酸乙酯的梯度洗脱),得到作为紫色固体的卟啉63(281mg,8.1%):1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ-2.95,-2.90,-2.87(3s,2H,阻转异构体NH),0.85-1.25(多个t,12H,阻转异构体CH3),3.61-3.88(多个q,8H,阻转异构体CH2),7.55(d,4H),7.70(d,4H),8.98(多个s,8H,阻转异构体)。2.四碘化5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二乙基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉(64)
在一个密封管反应器中,将卟啉63(106mg,0.15mmol)溶解于DMF(5ml)中。加入乙基碘(2.0ml,25mmol),并在65℃将这密封管加热6小时。用乙酸乙酯(100ml)稀释这反应混合物,导致沉淀出粗制产物;通过真空过滤收集该粗制产物,并用氯仿洗涤它;然后,通过柱层析纯化(8∶1∶1 CH3CN/水/饱和KNO3),得到作为暗紫色固体的卟啉63(140mg,69%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.22(s,2H),1.17(t,24H),4.01(s,16H),8.70(s,8H),9.43(s,8H)。
3.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1,3-二乙基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(65)
将卟啉64(106mg,8.09×10-2mmol)溶解于甲醇(15ml)中,然后加入Mn(OAc)3·2H2O(216mg,0.81mmol),且在55℃将这反应加热2.5小时。通过硅藻土将这反应过滤,然后在真空中蒸发它。用双沉淀的方法纯化产物,得到作为棕色固体的卟啉65(65mg,78%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=446.5nm,ε=1.35×105L/cm-mol;ES-MS m/z=1307[(C48H56MnN12)+5+4(CF3CO2 -)]+。
XVII.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(67)
1.四氯化5,10,15,20-四(1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-5-基)卟啉(66)
在一个密封管反应器中,将卟啉21(371mg,0.588mmol)溶解于DMF(8ml)里。加入乙基碘(7ml,88mmol),并在60℃把这密封管加热过夜。将这混合物冷却至室温,并通过旋转式汽化浓缩它。把该残余物溶于水(20ml)中,并用双沉淀的方法纯化它;得到作为暗紫色固体的卟啉66(349mg,67%):1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ-3.23(s,2H),1.17(m,12H),3.77(m,12H),4.03(m,8H),7.01,7.18,7.35(多个s,8H),8.63(d,4H),9.36(s,4H)。
2.五氯化[5,10,15,20-四(1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-基)卟啉]合锰(III)(67)
将卟啉66(340mg,0.39mmol)溶解于甲醇(45ml)中,然后加入Mn(OAc)3·2H2O(680mg,2.53mmol),且在55℃将这混合物搅拌3.5小时。将这混合物冷却至室温,通过硅藻土(Celite)将其过滤(以除去不溶性的固体),并通过旋转式汽化浓缩它。用双沉淀的方法纯化残余物,得到作为棕色固体的卟啉67(324mg,85%):mp>300℃;UV-visλmax=446.5nm,e=5.11×104L/cm-mol;ES-MS m/z=1251[(C44H48MnN12)+5+4(CF3CO2 -)]+。
实施例2
运用Aeol-V(10123)治疗支气管肺发育不良
用剖腹产术(Caesarian section)使新生狒狒早产,然后,或者用100%氧气、或者仅用足够的PRN FIO2治疗,来保持足够的动脉氧合作用。为了建立该模型,研究了13只100%氧气治疗的动物和7只PRN对照动物。用100%氧气治疗导致由暴露了9天或10天而显示的大范围肺损害,且大范围肺损害的特征在于肺泡形成(alveolarization)延迟、肺实质性炎以及氧合作用差。这就是人类疾病支气管肺发育不良的特征,且人们认为这至少部分是由对发育中的新生肺的氧化胁迫介导的。在第一个Aeol-V试验中,在妊娠140天时分娩出一只新生狒狒,并将其放置在100%氧气中。在全部的10天研究期期间,该动物接受了以连续输注方式静脉内给予的0.25mg/kg/24小时(参见图2)。这只动物表现出氧合作用指标的显著改善。在第9天和第10天时,没有任何肺的临床代偿失调的证据。这暗示可以用Aeol-V早产的新生儿治疗氧化胁迫。
* * * * *
将上面引述的所有文件通过引用全部结合到本文中。
本领域技术熟练人员会因阅读本说明书会意识到:可以在不脱离本发明真正范围的情况下对形式和细节方面进行各种各样的改变。
Claims (29)
3.按照权利要求2的化合物,其中,X是甲基或乙基。
4.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中,R1、R2、R3和R4是同样的基团。
6.按照权利要求5的化合物,其中,X是甲基或乙基。
7.按照权利要求5的化合物,其中,R1、R2、R3和R4是同样的基团。
9.按照权利要求1的化合物,其中,所述化合物是式II化合物。
10.按照权利要求9的化合物,其中,M是锰。
11.一种含权利要求1的化合物和载体的组合物。
13.按照权利要求12的用途,其中,所述金属为锰。
14.按照权利要求12的用途,其中,所述细胞是哺乳动物细胞。
15.按照权利要求14的用途,其中,所述细胞是分离的器官的细胞。
16.按照权利要求14的用途,其中,所述细胞是器官移植物的细胞。
17.如权利要求12定义的化合物在制备通过给予患有由氧化剂诱发的毒性引起的或加重的病症的患者有效量的所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以治疗所述患者的药物中的用途。
18.按照权利要求17的用途,其中,使所述式II化合物与锰络合。
19.如权利要求12定义的化合物在制备通过给予患有由NO或其生物学活性形式的降解引起的病理学病症的患者有效量的所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以治疗所述患者的药物中的用途。
20.按照权利要求19的用途,其中,使所述式II化合物与锰络合。
21.如权利要求12定义的化合物在制备通过给予患有炎症的患者有效量的所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以治疗所述患者的药物中的用途。
22.按照权利要求21的用途,其中,使所述式II化合物与锰络合。
23.按照权利要求21的用途,其中,所述炎症是一种炎性肺病。
24.按照权利要求23的用途,其中,所述炎性肺病是支气管肺病。
25.按照权利要求23的用途,其中,所述炎性肺病是气喘病。
26.按照权利要求23的用途,其中,所述炎性肺病是肺纤维变性。
27.如权利要求12定义的化合物在制备通过给予患有局部缺血再灌注损害的患者有效量的所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以治疗所述患者的药物中的用途。
28.按照权利要求27的用途,其中,使所述式II化合物与锰络合。
29.按照权利要求27的用途,其中,所述局部缺血再灌注损害由中风引起。
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