CN115505403A - Improvement material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Improvement material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115505403A CN115505403A CN202211289000.9A CN202211289000A CN115505403A CN 115505403 A CN115505403 A CN 115505403A CN 202211289000 A CN202211289000 A CN 202211289000A CN 115505403 A CN115505403 A CN 115505403A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/14—Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an improvement material for rapidly improving the soil fertility of supplemented cultivated land and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement materials. The improved material consists of 72 to 84 parts of base material and 28 to 16 parts of reinforcing material; the base material is prepared by fermenting and decomposing cow dung, corn straws, rice hulls, castor bean pulp, vinasse and urea; the reinforcing material is prepared from alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide, calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to the weight ratio (4-8): (1-5): (7-9): (4-8) compounding. The invention develops and designs the improved material for improving the soil fertility of the supplementary cultivated land, can quickly reform the cultivated land at one time by reasonable using amount, comprehensively improves the soil fertility, improves the land grade, has excellent effect on the growth and yield improvement of crops, further realizes the optimization and the supplement in the land filling balance, and can be widely applied to the development of unused land and the land reclamation of mines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement materials, in particular to an improvement material for rapidly improving and supplementing the soil fertility of cultivated land and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, land improvement projects such as land development, land reclamation and the like, which are mainly targeted to increase the number of cultivated lands and improve the quality of the cultivated lands, generally pay attention to external quality requirements such as land leveling, soil layer thickness, roads, irrigation and drainage infrastructures and the like, and pay relatively less attention to the problem of soil fertility of supplementing the internal quality of the cultivated lands, particularly influencing productivity. Particularly, in the field of land reclamation and other projects, the soil profile character formed by soil reconstruction is generally poor, the surface soil curing degree is low, the foundation soil fertility is weak, the nutrient condition is poor, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is small, the barrier factors are prominent, the crop yield is low, and the set cultivated land grade target is difficult to really realize. In reality, after a large amount of supplementary cultivated land is delivered, the supplementary cultivated land can not be put into use and form capacity quickly, even a partial abandoned phenomenon occurs, the image of the land improvement business is seriously influenced, and the supplementary cultivated land has attracted high attention of related departments of China. In addition, especially the supplementary farmland level directly influences the transaction price of the newly added farmland index and finally influences the benefit of the land improvement project investment institution. With the emphasis and attention on the quality and ecological elements in the three-in-one of the quantity, quality and ecology for land reclamation, the requirements on the inherent quality and ecological quality of the reclaimed farmland are higher and higher.
At present, the soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land is improved mainly by applying various composts and common organic fertilizers and realizing gradual improvement of the soil fertility of the cultivated land according to the traditional cultivation and fertilizing mode, the improvement of soil nutrients is focused, the application amount is low, and the aim of quickly and comprehensively improving the soil fertility of the supplementary cultivated land is difficult to achieve.
Therefore, aiming at the requirement of land improvement and supplementary cultivated land engineering projects, the cultivated land realistic conditions are supplemented based on soil reconstruction, the soil productivity can be rapidly and comprehensively improved by research and development, the soil productivity can be rapidly recovered, the engineering improvement application material of the productivity can be rapidly formed, the soil plough layer can be rapidly and directionally cultivated at one time, the soil productivity can be comprehensively improved, the straw returning is combined in the later period, the balance state of the soil productivity quality can be maintained, the land utilization rate can be effectively improved, the productivity potential accumulated in the supplementary cultivated land can be rapidly released, the high-quality newly-added cultivated land index can be formed, and the ecological, economic and social benefits are huge. This is one of the important problems that needs to be solved urgently in the field of land reclamation engineering at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide an improved material for rapidly improving and supplementing the soil fertility of cultivated land and a preparation method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an improvement material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
72-84 parts of base material and 28-16 parts of reinforcing material;
the base material is prepared by fermenting and decomposing cow dung, corn straws, rice hulls, castor bean pulp, vinasse and urea;
the reinforcing material is prepared from alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to the weight ratio (4-8): (1-5): (7-9): (4-8) compounding.
Preferably, the improvement material for rapidly improving the soil fertility of the supplementary cultivated land consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
76 parts of base material and 24 parts of reinforcing material;
the reinforcing material is prepared from alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 8:1:7:8 is prepared by compounding.
Preferably, the base material is prepared by the following method:
mixing cow dung, corn straws, rice hulls, castor bean pulp, vinasse and urea according to a weight ratio of 40; adding a decomposing agent into the mixture, adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 50-60%, and performing composting fermentation for 30-40d; and after the compost fermentation is finished, naturally drying until the water content is less than or equal to 20%, and crushing and sieving to obtain the base material.
More preferably, the addition amount of the decomposition agent is 0.15 percent of the weight of the mixture.
Preferably, in the reinforced material, the alfalfa meal is prepared from stems, branches and leaves of the overground parts of alfalfa which are high-quality green manure crops, and the crushing granularity is 5-10mm;
the granularity of the calcium bentonite is 200 meshes; the Polyacrylamide (PAM) is anionic and has the molecular weight of 800 ten thousand.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above improved material, comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing the base material and the reinforcing material, and airing until the moisture content is 20-25%;
or mixing the base material and the reinforcing material uniformly, adjusting the water content to 33-36%, granulating at low temperature to obtain a rod-shaped improved material with diameter of 6mm and length of 1.5-2cm, and air drying to water content of 20-25%.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the improved material in rapidly improving the soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land is provided.
In the application, the specific application method comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading the improved material on the ground surface, then carrying out rotary tillage, wherein the depth is not less than 20cm, and raking; and (5) irrigating once, wherein the irrigation depth is 40cm, and the water is irrigated to the field water capacity.
Preferably, the amount of the modifying material applied is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula:
w-amount of modified Material dosed per hectare area, t @ -2 ；
h, constructing the thickness of a soil layer for supplementing a plough layer, wherein the thickness is generally 0.20-0.25 m;
gamma-soil volume weight of cultivated layer of supplementary cultivated land, kg & lt -3 Generally 1300 kg- -3 ～1400kg﹒m -3 ；
S t -expected content of organic matter in high-quality layer of cultivation soil, g- -1 20, take 1.2g for expiration -1 ～1.4g﹒kg -1 ；
S 0 Supplementing initial content of organic matter in cultivated soil layer of cultivated land, and g. kg -1 ；
K-is the conversion coefficient of the organic matter content in the improved material, and the value is 0.60-0.70.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention develops and designs the improved material for improving the soil fertility of the supplementary cultivated land, can quickly reform the cultivated land at one time by reasonable using amount, comprehensively improves the soil fertility, improves the land grade, has excellent effect on the growth and yield improvement of crops, further realizes the optimization and the supplement in the land filling balance, and can be widely applied to the development of unused land and the land reclamation of mines.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Description of the terms:
supplementary cultivated land (supplementary cultivated land): newly-increased cultivated land for land development, reclamation and arrangement.
As described above, the attention to the intrinsic quality of the supplementary cultivated land, especially the soil and soil fertility which affects the productivity, is relatively small, and at present, for the improvement of the soil fertility of the supplementary cultivated land, the gradual improvement of the soil and soil fertility is mainly realized by applying various composts and common organic fertilizers according to the traditional cultivated land fertility improvement mode, the improvement of soil nutrients is focused, and the purpose of rapidly and comprehensively improving the soil and soil fertility of the supplementary cultivated land is difficult to achieve.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems of slow soil fertility improvement of supplementary cultivated land and low yield of cultivated crops, the invention develops and designs an improved material. The improved material consists of base material and reinforcing material. Wherein:
the base material is prepared by fermenting and decomposing cow dung, corn straws, rice hulls, castor bean pulp, vinasse and urea; wherein:
cow dung and straw are decomposed to be used as a main carbon source of organic matters and are high-carbon-based agricultural waste materials;
the rice hull is used as a silicon-rich agricultural byproduct, other mineral elements are rich, the decomposition of the rice hull in soil is slow, and the rice hull can be used as an inert organic carbon source material for supplementing organic matters, silicon elements and other mineral elements of the soil and continuously improving the soil structure;
the castor meal comprises the following main components: 34.90%, coarse fiber: 33.87%, crude fat: 7.37%, coarse powder: 6.51%, calcium: 1.10%, phosphorus: 0.62 percent, has higher nutritive value, but is not suitable to be directly used as animal feed and can provide slow-acting nitrogen source and mineral elements after being used as organic fertilizer for fermentation.
The vinasse, as a byproduct of wine production, is rich in nutritional ingredients such as amino acid, lipid, starch, crude protein, cellulose, lignin and the like, and is an excellent organic fertilizer source. The application of the vinasse organic fertilizer has the advantages of increasing the content of organic matters in soil, improving the soil structure and air permeability, and effectively improving mineral elements and mineral nutrition in the soil.
The invention uses the material as the base material to carry out mixed fermentation, the nutrient elements of the product are more coordinated and complete, the fermentation efficiency is improved, and the product improvement effect is improved.
The reinforcing material is prepared from alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to the weight ratio (4-8): (1-5): (7-9): (4-8) are compounded. Wherein:
the alfalfa grass powder is prepared by sun-drying stems, branches and leaves of the overground parts of alfalfa which are high-quality green manure crops until the content is about 14%, and crushing by adopting a hammer type or cylinder type crusher with the crushing particle size of 5-10mm; the alfalfa meal soil is decomposed quickly, soil organic matters can be increased quickly, organic-inorganic composite colloid is formed with the soil, the soil aggregate structure and the soil permeability can be improved obviously, the soil volume weight is effectively reduced, the permeability coefficient and the total porosity of the soil are increased, and the yield of crops is increased. The improved material is mixed with the unripe alfalfa meal, so that the effects of active organic matters and slow-release nitrogen fertilizers can be achieved in the soil, and the effect of the improved material is further enhanced.
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is an artificially synthesized linear high-molecular polymer material, and anionic PAM has good flocculation and hydration effects and is mainly used as a water and soil retention agent and a soil structure improver in agricultural production; the soil modifier can effectively improve the soil structure, increase the number of soil macro-aggregates, reduce the volume weight of the soil, increase the total porosity and pore size of the soil, promote the soil particles and the pore structure to be stable, improve the infiltration rate of the soil, reduce runoff and increase the water content of the soil. When the rodlike organic fertilizer is prepared, the auxiliary effect of the adhesive can be achieved, and the stability of the product is facilitated.
The calcium bentonite is a natural clay mineral which takes montmorillonite as a main component, has a series of excellent physicochemical properties such as strong water absorption, expansibility, adsorbability, adhesiveness and the like, and has good improving and repairing effects on soil. The water-retaining composite material is prepared by the water-retaining composite material and polyacrylamide, so that the cost is reduced, and a large amount of trace elements can be increased.
The vermiculite has good cation exchange performance and adsorbability, can improve the structure of soil, stores water and preserves soil moisture, and improves the air permeability and water content of the soil; the fertilizer has a certain buffering effect on the pH value, improves acid soil and slowly releases the fertilizer in a crop growth medium; the vermiculite can also provide K, mg, ca and Fe contained in the vermiculite and trace elements such as Mn, cu, zn and the like to crops. The application of vermiculite can further improve the comprehensive performance of the product.
Meanwhile, when the rod making machine is used for granulation for convenient transportation, the low-temperature extrusion granulation technology is applied, the operation temperature of equipment can be controlled below 50 ℃ when the rod making machine performs extrusion granulation under the normal temperature condition, the granulation time is controlled within 1 minute, and a high-temperature heating link is not needed, so that more beneficial microorganisms in a base material can be kept to enter soil, the biological diversity of the soil is improved, the reconstruction of a soil microbial community is accelerated, and the plant litter in the soil is further decomposed.
In the improved material, the base material and the reinforced material have a synergistic effect, can comprehensively improve and supplement the soil fertility of cultivated land, improve the land grade, and have excellent effects on crop growth and yield improvement. The improved material is applied to land development or reclamation for supplementing cultivated land soil, the local average yield can be approached after crops are planted in the same year, the soil organic matter is quickly improved, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be quickly improved, such as: the soil structure is obviously improved, the soil cation exchange capacity and the soil available nutrients are obviously increased, the soil biological diversity is enriched and obviously increased, and the purpose of occupying the best and supplementing the balance items of the cultivated land is further realized.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. If the experimental conditions not specified in the examples are specified, the conditions are generally conventional or recommended by the reagent company; reagents, consumables, and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Wherein:
castor bean meal is purchased from lipa limited; distillers grains were purchased from Taishan beer, inc., shandong; the decomposing inoculant is provided by eastern Shanghai Biotechnology Co., ltd., and is called as "organic material decomposing inoculant".
Example 1: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
84 parts of base material and 16 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material:
1) Drying corn stalks in the sun, and then cutting the corn stalks to 1-3cm to obtain crushed corn stalks; mixing cow dung with proper moisture content (about 60-65%), crushed corn straws, rice hulls, castor bean pulp, vinasse and urea according to a weight ratio of 40.
2) Adding the decomposing agent into the mixture obtained in the step 1), wherein the adding amount of the decomposing agent is 0.15% of the weight of the mixture. Regulating water content of the mixed raw materials to 50-60%, stacking and fermenting according to the specification of 3-4 m width and 2-1.5 m height. When the temperature of the material rises to more than 50 ℃, the first turning is carried out, the manual turning is carried out once every 7 days, and the water content is supplemented to the water content of about 50-60% after the turning each time. Fermenting continuously for about 30 days, stopping fermenting when the temperature of the materials is not rapidly increased after turning, naturally drying until the water content is less than or equal to 20%, and pulverizing through a sieve of 1-2mm to obtain the base material.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
mixing alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 4:1:7:4, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation:
stirring and mixing the base material and the reinforcing material uniformly according to raw material composition, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to 30-36%, then pressing by using a rod making machine to prepare a rod-shaped improved material with the diameter of 6mm and the length of 1.5-2cm, airing until the water content is about 25%, and bagging for later use.
Example 2: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
79 parts of base material and 21 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 4:3:8:6, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 3: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
74 parts of base material and 26 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
mixing alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 4:5:9:8, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 4: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
80 parts of base material and 20 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 6:1:7:6, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 5: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
75 parts of base material and 25 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 6:3:8:8, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 6: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
76 parts of base material and 24 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 6:5:9:4, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 7: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
76 parts of base material and 24 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
mixing alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 8:1:7:8, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 8: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
77 parts of base material and 23 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite are mixed according to the weight ratio of 8:3:8:4, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 9: preparation of improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land
1. The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight:
72 parts of base material and 28 parts of reinforcing material.
2. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of the base material: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
(2) Preparation of the reinforcing material:
mixing alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 8:5:9:6, uniformly mixing to prepare the reinforced material.
(3) And (3) low-temperature granulation: the preparation method is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1:
the base material prepared in example 1 was used alone as a modified material.
Comparative example 2:
mixing alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide (PAM), calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 8:1:7:8, uniformly mixing the obtained reinforcing material to obtain the modified material.
Test examples:
the test was conducted at the university of Shandong agriculture at the university's southern school district funding Ring school test station. And (3) backfilling raw soil in each test cell, wherein the soil type is brown soil, the depth is 80cm, and simulating the situation of soil reclamation and farmland soil supplementation (the basic physical and chemical properties of the tested soil are shown in table 1).
Table 1: basic physicochemical properties of soil to be tested
A total of 13 treatments were designed, with two controls: (1) CK1: only fertilizer is applied, the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 540 kg/hectare, and phosphorus fertilizer (P) 2 O 5 ) The dosage is 180 kg/hectare, potassium fertilizer (K) 2 O) dosage is 360 kg/hectare; the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as base fertilizers, 60 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, and the rest 40 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as additional fertilizers in the large-horn mouth period. The base fertilizer application mode is ploughing after spreading, and the additional fertilizer application mode is spreading. (2) CK2: commercial organic fertilizer is additionally applied on the basis of fertilizer application. The commercial organic fertilizer is agricultural organic fertilizer, the organic matter content of which is 45 percent and is produced by Shandong agricultural fertilizer industry company.
The other 11 treatments were applied with the same fertilizer, and the improved materials prepared in examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-2 were applied, respectively. The application rates of commercial organic fertilizer and self-made improved material are both 15 t.hm -2 The soil is manually ploughed into 20cm by a rake after being uniformly spread on the ground surface and is ploughed back and forth for 2 times, and the soil blocks are crushed to ensure uniform mixing with surface soil.
The area of each cell is 1 square meter, 6 corns are planted, and the corn variety is Zhengdan 958. Sowing in 6 months and 15 days, and harvesting in 10 months and 9 days. During the period, weeding, pest and disease damage and irrigation drainage management are conducted with local habit management, and the planting management of each treatment is kept consistent.
The spad values were measured at the large flare stage of the corn (using a chlorophyll meter) and the results are given in table 2 below.
Table 2: effect of different treatments on the Top and bottom of corn spread values
After harvesting in 10 months and 9 days, the volume weight and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are measured, and the corn yield is measured, and the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3: effect of different treatments on soil physicochemical Properties and corn yield
According to the research results, the improved material can improve the spad value of crops, namely has a positive effect on the improvement of the chlorophyll content of the crops, and is beneficial to photosynthesis of the crops so as to increase the yield and income.
The improved material obviously reduces the volume weight of soil, greatly improves the field water capacity index of the soil, and improves the permeability and water capacity of the soil; according to the 'national second soil general survey nutrient grading standard', after the improved material is used, the organic matter content and the soil total nitrogen content are both improved by 1 grade (from 6 grade to 5 grade), and other nutrient indexes are also obviously improved. Therefore, in a comprehensive view, the soil fertility improvement effect is obvious after the product is used.
From the perspective of improving crop yield, the effects of the examples 7, 8 and 9 are good, and compared with the effect of using a commercially available organic fertilizer (CK 2), the yield increasing effect is more than 15%; the yield of the embodiment 7 is the highest, the yield is increased by 21.70 percent, and the arable land capacity is obviously improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. An improved material for rapidly improving soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
72-84 parts of base material and 28-16 parts of reinforcing material;
the base material is prepared by fermenting and decomposing cow dung, corn straws, rice hulls, castor bean pulp, vinasse and urea;
the reinforcing material is prepared from alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide, calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to the weight ratio (4-8): (1-5): (7-9): (4-8) compounding.
2. The improved material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the improved material for rapidly improving the soil fertility of supplementary cultivated land consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
76 parts of a base material and 24 parts of a reinforcing material;
the reinforcing material is prepared from alfalfa meal, polyacrylamide, calcium bentonite and vermiculite according to a weight ratio of 8:1:7:8 is prepared by compounding.
3. The improved material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the base material is prepared by a method comprising:
mixing the cow dung, the corn straws, the rice hulls, the castor bean pulp, the vinasse and the urea according to a weight ratio of 40; adding a decomposing agent into the mixture, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50-60%, and performing composting fermentation for 30-40d; and after the compost fermentation is finished, naturally drying until the water content is less than or equal to 20%, crushing and sieving to obtain the base material.
4. The improved material of claim 3, wherein the decomposition agent is added in an amount of 0.15% by weight of the mix.
5. The improved material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the clover powder in the reinforcement material has a particle size of 5-10mm; the granularity of the calcium bentonite is 200 meshes; the polyacrylamide is anionic and has molecular weight of 800 ten thousand.
6. The method of preparing the improved material of any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
uniformly mixing the base material and the reinforcing material, and airing until the moisture content is 20-25%;
or mixing the base material and the reinforcing material uniformly, adjusting the water content to 33-36%, granulating at low temperature to obtain a rod-shaped improved material with diameter of 6mm and length of 1.5-2cm, and air drying to water content of 20-25%.
7. Use of the improved material of any one of claims 1-5 for rapidly enhancing the soil fertility of a supplementary cultivated land.
8. The application of claim 7, wherein the specific application method is as follows: uniformly spreading the improved material on the ground surface, then carrying out rotary tillage, wherein the depth is not less than 20cm, and raking; and (5) irrigating once, wherein the irrigation depth is 40cm, and the water is irrigated to the field water capacity.
9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the amount of spreading of the modifying material is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula:
w-amount of modified Material administered in area per hectare, t. Hm -2 ；
h, constructing a soil layer thickness for supplementing a plough layer, wherein the soil layer thickness is generally 0.20-0.25 m;
gamma-soil volume weight of cultivated layer of supplementary cultivated land, kg & lt -3 Generally 1300 kg- -3 ～1400kg﹒m -3 ；
S t -expected content of organic matter in high-quality layer of cultivation soil, g- -1 20.2 g. 5.kg -1 ～1.4g﹒kg -1 ；
S 0 Supplementing initial content of organic matter in plough layer soil, g- -1 ；
K-is the conversion coefficient of the organic matter content in the improved material, and the value is 0.60-0.70.
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