RU2288907C1 - Productive ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the productive ground comprising turf, sand, humus-containing component and wood saw-dust. As a humus-containing component the invention uses bioorganic fertilizer prepared by aerobic fermentation of cattle breeding waste and milled wood waste comprising nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in formulations available for plants and taken in the mass ratio = 2.3:1.7:1.3 with the ash content 7-7.5% and pH = 5-5.4. The ratio of component, wt.-%: turf, 25-30; sand, 50-60; bioorganic fertilizer, 2-5, and wood saw-dust, the balance. Proposed ground expands the assortment of vegetable nutrient mixtures, based on using available raw and shows simplified technology in preparing. Invention can be used in orchard and garden farms, culturing vegetable, berry and flower cultures in greenhouses, in creature of lawns, sport landings and strengthening road slopes.

EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of ground.

2 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in gardening enterprises, when growing vegetable, berry and flower crops in greenhouses, for landscaping cultivated lawns, squares, sports grounds, slopes, soil protection and other purposes.

Known soil plant mixture for growing lawns containing sandy or loamy soil, or chernozem, peat and sand (Homestead Farm, M., 1986, No. 2, p.75).

However, this soil-based plant mixture is designed to create garden lawns on natural soil by adding peat and sand to it, depending on the condition and properties of sandy and loamy soils. In addition, when creating landscape gardening lawns, single-type crops are used, which reduces the requirements for the soil mixture.

A known composition for forming briquettes for growing plants, mainly for prefabricated lawn, containing peat, turf, fertilizers, and / or growth stimulants, and / or sapropel, and as peat it contains finely divided peat with a degree of decomposition of 10-15% with the average particle size of 0.2-0.5 mm (RF patent No. 2148904, class A 01 G 9/10, 05.20.2000).

The disadvantages of this composition is the high flammability, acidity and inadequate organic matter, which reduces yield.

Known peat granulated fertilizer "Python" containing peat, a glycerin substance that prevents drying, mineral components - lime flour, urea, phosphate, boric acid, copper sulfate, molybdenum ammonium, sources of potassium, magnesium, manganese and zinc, as well as hardening additives - cement and carboxymethyl cellulose (RF patent No. 2102362, class C 05 F 11/02, 01/20/1998).

The disadvantages of this invention are the complexity of the composition of the fertilizer and the complicated technology of its manufacture, requiring the equipment for granulating the mixture.

Known peat nutrient mixture - fertile soil containing peat, sand, marble chips and a humus component - chernozem (RF patent No. 2099927, A 01 G 1/00, 12/27/1997), the closest analogue of the invention.

The well-known soil is prone to markedly expressed water and wind erosion, especially on slopes. In addition, the production of such soil provides for the use of black soil, which is not always affordable and economical in urban conditions.

The objective and expected technical result of the invention is the creation of a new soil composition based on peat and sand for growing plants and landscaping lawns, sports fields, road slopes, expanding the range of plant nutrient mixtures and having high anti-erosion properties.

The invention also aims at obtaining easy-to-manufacture and economical fertile soil through the use of available raw materials, including the use of woodworking waste in the form of sawdust, which also contributes to solving issues of waste-free production and ecology.

The objectives and technical result are achieved in that the fertile soil containing peat, sand and a humus-containing component, according to the invention additionally contains sawdust, and as a humus-containing component - bioorganic fertilizer obtained by aerobic fermentation of a mixture of animal waste and ground wood waste containing nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium in forms accessible to plants in a mass ratio of 2.3: 1.7: 1.3, having an ash content of 7-7.5% and a pH of 5-5.4, in the following ratio of components, ma .%:

Peat 25-30 Sand 50-60 Bioorganic fertilizer 2-5 Sawdust Rest

Fertile soil may additionally contain mineral fertilizers.

When using soil mixtures and soil, their structural properties, which are determined by their mechanical composition and the size of their constituent parts, are important. Structural soils with two types of porosity - capillary and non-capillary - absorb and retain water well.

The moisture of rain, melting snow and groundwater is absorbed through the capillary gaps between the soil particles, and air occupies non-capillary voids.

Soils with an optimal ratio of capillary and non-capillary voids, in which there is room for both water and air, are able to maintain their structure for a long time.

The main components of the soil are sand, the small particles of which form the basis, the skeleton of the soil-soil mixture, and peat, which is the source of humus - an organic substance formed during the decomposition of plant and animal residues.

To obtain the soil, quarry sand, coarse river sand, etc. can be used.

Peat contains a large amount of organic matter, a significant part of which relates to humic acid compounds, a significant amount of nitrogen, and has high moisture and gas filling properties. It is also characterized by the absence of pathogenic principles and antiseptic properties. To prepare the soil, peat of various humidity and degree of decomposition, various botanical composition and obtained by any of the known methods can be used. However, it is preferable to use lowland meadow peat, which is formed in the lowlands under conditions of excessive moisture and lack of oxygen. Water flowing from higher places carries with it soluble nutrients of the upper soil layers and enriches peat formed under such conditions.

A large reserve of organic raw materials for the preparation of nutritious mixtures, soils and organic fertilizers are wood waste, in particular sawdust, which is a waste of timber, woodworking and wood processing enterprises. Chopped wood contains all the main nutrients that are available for plants during the mineralization process, has a humus-forming potential, is rich in organic compounds readily available for microflora - cellulose, lignin, and others, contains potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and various trace elements. In the process of decomposition of chopped wood, sawdust, carbon monoxide is released, improving the carbon nutrition of plants.

Wood sawdust is a cellulose-containing material that has moisture absorption properties, and thereby can also perform the function of regulating the moisture regime of soil.

For the preparation of nutritious soil, sawdust of any tree species (hardwood and coniferous), as well as their mixtures in any proportions, can be used.

The components mentioned above are very affordable and at the same time possess valuable properties for growing plants, they do not provide a nutrient mixture containing a sufficient and balanced amount of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, a complex of trace elements, humates and humified compounds. To eliminate these disadvantages, according to the invention, the soil contains a bioorganic fertilizer as a humus-containing component, obtained on the basis of raw materials of natural origin by aerobic fermentation of a mixture of animal waste and ground wood waste. Bioorganic fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, a complex of trace elements, humates and humified compounds. At the same time, bioorganic fertilizer, due to the beneficial soil microorganisms contained in it, acts as a bioactivator for the decomposition of wood sawdust and undecomposed peat with the release and synthesis of humic compounds from the decay products of high molecular weight components of organic residues, which contributes to the process of self-healing and self-regulation of nutritional and structure-forming properties of the soil during time.

Fertile soil is prepared as follows.

The calculated quantities of peat, sand and sawdust are unloaded next to each other from a vehicle onto a concrete site. Using a front-end loader, for example TO-30 or TO-18, the components are mixed. During the mixing process, the calculated mass of the calculated dose of bioorganic fertilizer and, if necessary, mineral fertilizers is introduced into the mixed mass evenly. Mixing is carried out until a homogeneous homogeneous mass is obtained. The finished mixture is immersed in a front loader in dump trucks for shipment to the consumer.

Example 1

To prepare the soil intended for growing vegetable crops, lower meadow peat with a decomposition degree of 20-50%, humidity 40-60%, crushed to a fractional composition of 2-5 mm is used. Peat and other fractional composition can be used, while it should be borne in mind that the finely divided composition increases the hydrophilic properties of peat, its water-absorbing and water-holding abilities. Coarse peat, in contrast, is characterized by poor wettability.

Sand is used quarry with the main fraction of 1-2 mm.

Bioorganic fertilizer is obtained by aerobic fermentation of a mixture of animal waste and ground wood waste. It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in forms accessible to plants in a mass ratio of 2.3: 1.7: 1.3, respectively, has an ash content of 7-7.5%, pH 5 ÷ 5.4, humus content 4-6% , is a homogeneous bulk mass, convenient for transportation and use. The ratio C / N = 38.6.

For the preparation of soil use sawdust of any tree species with a moisture content of not more than 20% and a bulk density of 0.24-0.26 g / cm ³ .

Mixing of the components is carried out as described above in their ratio, wt.%:

Peat thirty Sand fifty Bioorganic fertilizer four Sawdust 16

An analysis of the experiments showed that the use of the given soil composition shows good germination of seeds and increases significantly the survival rate of seedlings.

Example 2

To prepare the soil intended for creating grassy lawn coverings, in particular for sports fields, lowland meadow peat, bioorganic fertilizer and wood sawdust with the characteristics given in Example 1 are used. Coarse-grained river sand with the main fraction of 1.5-2 mm is used.

Mixing of the components is carried out in a ratio, wt.%:

Peat 25 Sand 60 Bioorganic fertilizer 2 Sawdust 13

The given composition makes it possible to quickly and easily laborious to create and recreate a fertile soil cover for grass lawns on soils unfavorable for plant growth, for example, sandy, clayey, etc., as well as on lands destroyed by adverse factors associated with human activities.

The proposed composition of the soil allows for a long time to maintain the structure of the soil of the lawn, including on sports fields, which reduces the cost of their maintenance.

To create optimally balanced conditions for growing specific crops, depending on their need for nutrients, mineral fertilizers, microelements, and growth stimulants can be introduced into the soil composition.

To reduce the time it takes to create a lawn or garden, plant seeds can be included in the soil mixture.

The proposed fertile soil expands the range of plant nutrient mixtures, is based on the use of available raw materials and waste, is not difficult to prepare, does not require sophisticated equipment and apparatus, can be used on open and closed soils and for a long time, because It is a long-term source of organic nutrients and is able to maintain its structure for a long time. It can be used to strengthen the banks of rivers and reservoirs, road slopes.

Claims (2)

1. A fertile soil containing peat, sand and a humus-containing component, characterized in that it additionally contains sawdust, and as a humus-containing component - bioorganic fertilizer obtained by aerobic fermentation of a mixture of animal waste and ground wood waste containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in forms accessible to plants in a mass ratio of 2.3: 1.7: 1.3, having an ash content of 7 ÷ 7.5% and pH = 5 ÷ 5.4, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Peat 25 ÷ 30 Sand 50 ÷ 60 Bioorganic fertilizer 2 ÷ 5 Sawdust Rest 2. The soil according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises mineral fertilizers.