CN115433149B - 一种3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115433149B
CN115433149B CN202211201036.7A CN202211201036A CN115433149B CN 115433149 B CN115433149 B CN 115433149B CN 202211201036 A CN202211201036 A CN 202211201036A CN 115433149 B CN115433149 B CN 115433149B
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栗晓东
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种3,3',4,4'‑联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法,包括以下步骤:在反应器中依次加入金属铜类催化剂、金属镍类催化剂、配体、碱、添加剂、1,2,4‑苯三酸酐与4‑氯苯酐,在惰性气体保护下,加入有机溶剂,搅拌,升温到指定温度,反应完全后,蒸馏回收溶剂,将混合物中加入氢氧化钠溶液加热水解,冷却至室温后抽滤去除不溶物,随后酸化析出固体,过滤得到的固体产物,水洗打浆后抽滤得四酸中间体,四酸中间体熔融脱水后获得目标产物3,3',4,4'‑联苯四羧酸二酐。本发明在金属铜镍协同催化下,一锅法反应制备3,3',4,4'‑联苯四羧酸二酐,该反应方法不但可以高效的合成目标化合物,产物单一,而且此方法采用单一配体且催化剂便宜易得,原料廉价易得,操作简便,收率良好。

Description

一种3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,具体涉及一种3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺作为性能良好的高分子材料,具有良好的力学性能、介电性能、耐辐射性能和耐溶剂性能等,已经得到世界各国的充分认识,其优良的性能使之在航空、5G、微电子、液晶、分离膜等众多领域显示出良好的应用。
3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐是一种重要的聚酰亚胺单体材料,在耐高温的聚酰亚胺材料合成方面具有广泛应用。此外作为重要的精细化学品,也可应用于医药中间体。
目前,合成3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐的方法主要有:
1.使用4-卤代邻苯二甲酸或其衍生物进行自身的还原偶联反应,反应需要加入大量的金属还原剂(锌粉、锰粉)和较为昂贵的金属溴化物或碘化物作为添加剂;
2.在醋酸钯条件下邻苯二甲酸酯的氧化偶联,反应中使用了昂贵的钯催化剂,且产物为异构体混合物,不易分离纯化。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明创造旨在提出一种3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法,该方法操作简便,重要的是催化剂便宜、原料廉价易得,产物单一,收率良好。
为达到上述目的,本发明创造的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法,包括以下步骤:在干燥的反应容器Schlenk管中依次加入金属铜类催化剂、金属镍类催化剂、配体、碱、添加剂、1,2,4-苯三酸酐与4-氯苯酐,将反应容器抽真空并充入惰性气体(氩气或氮气)重复3次,然后惰性气体保护下,加入有机溶剂,在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后升温到指定温度下搅拌至反应完全。反应完全后,蒸馏回收溶剂,将混合物中加入20%氢氧化钠溶液加热水解,冷却至室温后抽滤去除不溶物,随后酸化析出固体,过滤得到的固体产物,水洗打浆后抽滤得四酸中间体,四酸中间体熔融脱水后获得目标产物3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐;
所述方法合成路线如下:
进一步,所述金属铜类催化剂:金属镍类催化剂:配体:碱:添加剂:1,2,4-苯三酸酐:4-氯苯酐:有机溶剂的用量比为摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:体积mL=(0.025~0.1):(0.025~0.1):(0.05~0.2):(1~3):(0.5~2):1:(1~1.5):(3~10)。
进一步,所述金属铜类催化剂:金属镍类催化剂:配体:碱:添加剂:1,2,4-苯三酸酐:4-氯苯酐:有机溶剂的用量比为摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:体积mL=0.05:0.05:0.1:2:1:1:1:5。
进一步,所述金属铜类催化剂为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜、醋酸铜、氯化铜、溴化铜中的任一种。
进一步,所述金属镍类催化剂为碘化镍、溴化镍、氯化镍、碳酸镍、六水合硝酸镍、氯化镍乙二醇二甲醚络合物、溴化镍乙二醇二甲醚络合物、二(乙酰丙酮)镍中的任一种。
进一步,所述配体为选自下式化合物中的一种或几种,其中R1~R7为氢、卤素、碳数小于20的烷基、芳基或取代的芳基,
进一步,所述碱,其阳离子为Li+、Na+、K+和Cs+中的任一种,阴离子为F、CO3 2–、HCO3 、PO4 3–、HPO4 2–、H2PO4 、OH、[CH3COO]、[CF3COO]、[OMe]和[OtBu]中的任一种。
进一步,所述添加剂,其阳离子为Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu+、Cu2+、Zn2+,Ag+、[(CnH2n+1)4N]+中的任一种,阴离子为F、Cl、Br、I、BF4 、NO2 、NO3 、SO3 2–、SO4 2–中的任一种;其中,所述n为1到8之间的任意整数。
进一步,所述有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、丙酮、乙腈、C3-C12的饱和烷基腈中的一种或几种。
进一步,所述指定温度为60~140℃,优选的为120~130℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明公开的3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法,使用1,2,4-苯三酸酐与4-氯苯酐,在金属铜镍协同催化催化下,一锅法反应制备3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐,该反应方法不但可以高效的合成目标化合物,产物单一,而且此方法采用单一配体且催化剂便宜易得,原料廉价易得,操作简便,收率良好,反应溶剂可以回收套用,为进一步放大奠定了基础,为合成3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐提供了新方法。
具体实施方式
除有定义外,以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明创造所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂,如无特殊说明,均为常规生化试剂;所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例来详细说明本发明创造。
实施例1
将碘化亚铜(9.5mg,0.05mmol)和碘化镍(15.6mg,0.05mmol)、2,2′-联吡啶(15.6mg,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(276.4mg,2mmol)、四甲基溴化铵(154.1mg,1mmol)、1,2,4-苯三酸酐(192.1mg,1mmol)与4-氯苯酐(182.6mg,1mmol)依次加入到干燥的Schlenk管中,将反应容器抽真空并充入氮气重复3次,然后惰性气体保护下,加入干燥的二乙二醇二甲醚(5mL),在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后升温到130℃下搅拌至反应完全。反应完成后,蒸馏回收溶剂,将混合物加入20%氢氧化钠溶液加热水解,冷却至室温后抽滤去除不溶物,随后使用硫酸酸化析出固体,过滤得到的固体产物,水洗打浆后抽滤得四酸中间体,四酸中间体熔融脱水后获得目标产物3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐,收率90%。
实施例2
将碘化亚铜(14.3mg,0.075mmol)和碘化镍(23.4mg,0.075mmol)、1,10-菲啰啉(27mg,0.15mmol)、碳酸钾(414.6mg,3mmol)、四丁基溴化铵(322.4mg,1mmol)、1,2,4-苯三酸酐(192.1mg,1mmol)与4-氯苯酐(219.1mg,1.2mmol)依次加入到干燥的Schlenk管中,将反应容器抽真空并充入氮气重复3次,然后惰性气体保护下,加入干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(8mL),在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后升温到130℃下搅拌至反应完全。反应完成后,蒸馏回收溶剂,将混合物加入20%氢氧化钠溶液加热水解,冷却至室温后抽滤去除不溶物,随后使用硫酸酸化析出固体,过滤得到的固体产物,水洗打浆后抽滤得四酸中间体,四酸中间体熔融脱水后获得目标产物3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐,收率88%。
实施例3
将溴化亚铜(5.8mg,0.04mmol)和氯化镍(5.2mg,0.04mmol)、1,10-菲啰啉(14.4mg,0.08mmol)、碳酸钾(276.4mg,2mmol)、碘化钠(299.8mg,2mmol)、1,2,4-苯三酸酐(192.1mg,1mmol)与4-氯苯酐(182.6mg,1mmol)依次加入到干燥的Schlenk管中,将反应容器抽真空并充入氮气重复3次,然后惰性气体保护下,加入干燥的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5mL),在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后升温到130℃下搅拌至反应完全。反应完成后,蒸馏回收溶剂,将混合物加入20%氢氧化钠溶液加热水解,冷却至室温后抽滤去除不溶物,随后使用硫酸酸化析出固体,过滤得到的固体产物,水洗打浆后抽滤得四酸中间体,四酸中间体熔融脱水后获得目标产物3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐,收率85%。
实施例4
将碘化亚铜(4.8mg,0.025mmol)和碘化镍(7.8mg,0.025mmol)、1,10-菲啰啉(9mg,0.05mmol)、碳酸钾(138.2mg,1mmol)、氯化锂(21.2mg,0.5mmol)、1,2,4-苯三酸酐(192.1mg,1mmol)与4-氯苯酐(273.9mg,1.5mmol)依次加入到干燥的Schlenk管中,将反应容器抽真空并充入氩气重复3次,然后惰性气体保护下,加入干燥的甲苯(4mL),在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后升温到110℃下搅拌至反应完全。反应完成后,蒸馏回收溶剂,将混合物加入20%氢氧化钠溶液加热水解,冷却至室温后抽滤去除不溶物,随后使用硫酸酸化析出固体,过滤得到的固体产物,水洗打浆后抽滤得四酸中间体,四酸中间体熔融脱水后获得目标产物3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐,收率64%。
实施例5
将碘化亚铜(9.5mg,0.05mmol)和碘化镍(15.6mg,0.05mmol)、1,10-菲啰啉(18mg,0.1mmol)、甲醇锂(56.9mg,1.5mmol)、溴化钠(154.4mg,1.5mmol)、1,2,4-苯三酸酐(192.1mg,1mmol)与4-氯苯酐(182.6mg,1mmol)依次加入到干燥的Schlenk管中,将反应容器抽真空并充入氩气重复3次,然后惰性气体保护下,加入干燥的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(10mL),在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后升温到120℃下搅拌至反应完全。反应完成后,蒸馏回收溶剂,将混合物加入20%氢氧化钠溶液加热水解,冷却至室温后抽滤去除不溶物,随后使用硫酸酸化析出固体,过滤得到的固体产物,水洗打浆后抽滤得四酸中间体,四酸中间体熔融脱水后获得目标产物3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐,收率76%。
以上所述仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明创造,凡在本发明创造的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明创造的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:在反应器中依次加入金属铜类催化剂、金属镍类催化剂、配体、碱、添加剂、1,2,4-苯三酸酐与4-氯苯酐,在惰性气体保护下,加入有机溶剂,搅拌,升温到指定温度,反应完全后,蒸馏回收溶剂,将混合物中加入氢氧化钠溶液加热水解,冷却至室温后抽滤去除不溶物,随后酸化析出固体,过滤得到的固体产物,水洗打浆后抽滤得四酸中间体,四酸中间体熔融脱水后获得目标产物3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐;
所述方法合成路线如下:
金属铜类催化剂为溴化亚铜或碘化亚铜,金属镍类催化剂为碘化镍或氯化镍,配体为2,2'-联吡啶或1,10-菲啰啉,碱为碳酸钾或甲醇锂,添加剂为四甲基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵、碘化钠、氯化锂、溴化钠的任一种,有机溶剂为二乙二醇二甲醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮的任一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金属铜类催化剂:金属镍类催化剂:配体:碱:添加剂:1,2,4-苯三酸酐:4-氯苯酐:有机溶剂的用量比为摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:体积mL=(0.025~0.1):(0.025~0.1):(0.05~0.2):(1~3):(0.5~2):1:(1~1.5):(3~10)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金属铜类催化剂:金属镍类催化剂:配体:碱:添加剂:1,2,4-苯三酸酐:4-氯苯酐:有机溶剂的用量比为摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:摩尔:体积mL=0.05:0.05:0.1:2:1:1:1:5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐的制备方法,其特征在于:所述指定温度为110~130℃。
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