CN115380719A - Apple grafting and optimum-changing rapid forming method - Google Patents
Apple grafting and optimum-changing rapid forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115380719A CN115380719A CN202210955380.9A CN202210955380A CN115380719A CN 115380719 A CN115380719 A CN 115380719A CN 202210955380 A CN202210955380 A CN 202210955380A CN 115380719 A CN115380719 A CN 115380719A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a method for quickly forming an apple by changing grafting and changing the excellent. The invention aims to solve the problems that in the cultivation management processes of low-yield apple orchard, variety structure adjustment and the like, the long-time effect on the apple yield of the orchard is caused by grafting, and even the problems of outbreak of diseases and withered tree bodies occur. The invention provides a method for fast forming of apple tree grafting and changing optimization, which reduces the influence of grafting on the growth of a tree body to the maximum extent through optimizing each technical link of an integrated mature tree grafting and changing optimization process, realizes fast forming, recovers the orchard yield within the shortest time, and designs an auxiliary device for fruit tree ventral grafting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a method for quickly forming an apple by changing grafting and changing the apple into excellent.
Background
The apple is one of the main fruits in the world, is also a main economic source for farmers in production areas, and has important significance for the vogue of villages in China.
In the cultivation management processes of apple low-yield orchard transformation, variety structure adjustment and the like, most of operation objects are mature trees, the transformation and grafting usually affect the apple yield of 3-5 years in an orchard, and improper treatment can cause the problems of disease outbreak, withered tree bodies and the like, so that how to rapidly shape the transformed trees, keep good growth of the tree bodies and form the yield as soon as possible has important significance for improving the economic benefit of fruits, effectively reducing the transformation loss of the orchard and optimizing the variety structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the cultivation management processes of low-yield apple orchard, variety structure adjustment and the like, the long-time effect on the apple yield of the orchard is caused by grafting, and even the problems of outbreak of diseases and withered tree bodies occur.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the method is characterized in that each technical link of a process of changing an aged tree into an optimal tree is optimized and integrated, the influence of changing grafting on the growth of a tree body is reduced to the maximum extent, the rapid forming is realized, the orchard yield is recovered within the shortest time, and an auxiliary device for fruit tree ventral grafting is designed. The specific scheme is as follows:
a method for fast shaping an apple by changing grafting and optimizing further comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a scion;
(2) And (3) processing of grafting: removing all branch groups on the trunk of the re-grafted big tree at the end of 4 months before and after the apple sprouts, and only reserving a plurality of short pegs for standby;
(3) Abdomen connection and optimal change: cutting scions according to a ventral grafting method, using a fruit tree ventral grafting auxiliary device, obliquely shearing a connector at a short peg reserved on a changed tree, inserting the cut scions, enabling the grafted scions to be distributed in a staggered manner at the vertical positions and in a staggered manner at the horizontal positions, forming different distribution forms of the vertical positions of every scion and the horizontal directions of adjacent scions, and enabling every scion to have enough growth space; finally, tightly wrapping the scion buds by using a film single layer, and winding and binding the modified grafting part and the grafting port for multiple times;
(4) And (4) managing in summer after the connection: removing sprouts on a grafted tree body 8-15 days after grafting, binding thin bamboo poles on the short peg after grafting for 1 month, adjusting the growth direction of the scions, then performing binding adjustment again according to the growth direction after the scions, enabling the short tips extracted from the scions to grow horizontally, and reserving 1-2 other vertical auxiliary tips on the back for all coring or pruning;
(5) Pruning in winter and spring.
Further, the preparation of the scion in the step (1) is specifically carried out by cutting the annual branches with plump branches in winter and preserving the annual branches in a moisture-preserving manner by combining with winter pruning of the tree body after leaf falling in winter and before sprouting in spring, taking out the annual branches one day before grafting, washing the annual branches with clean water and soaking the annual branches in clean water for later use.
Further, the length of the stub left in the step (2) of tree grafting is 10-15cm, and the number of the stub left is 15-20.
Further, in the step (3), the thickness of the film in the abdominal connection is 0.02mm.
Further, in summer management after the step (4), the specific time for binding the thin bamboo poles is 15-20cm of sprout length.
Further, in the management of summer after the step (4), the thin bamboo poles are 3-6cm thick and 80-100cm long.
Further, in summer management after the step (4), the re-binding times are 2-4 times.
Furthermore, the fruit tree ventral grafting auxiliary device is of a central symmetry structure and comprises an installation seat, a fixing component, two positioning components and two comparison components, wherein the fixing component is positioned in the installation seat, and the two positioning components are arranged on the installation seat; the two comparison components are arranged on the mounting seat in a bilateral symmetry manner.
Further, the mounting base is of a cubic structure, a cylindrical through hole is formed in the middle of the cubic structure, the fixing assembly comprises an elastic hole, and the elastic hole is formed in the cylindrical through hole of the mounting base and used for placing the stub peg left in the step of grafting the trees.
Furthermore, the positioning assembly comprises a first telescopic rod, a second telescopic rod, a connecting block and a first connecting plate, the first telescopic rod is vertically arranged, the second telescopic rod is horizontally arranged, and the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod are connected through the connecting block;
the positioning assembly further comprises a first positioning plate and a second connecting plate, one end of the first positioning plate is rotatably connected with the first connecting plate through a pin shaft, and the other end of the first positioning plate is fixedly provided with the second connecting plate;
the positioning assembly further comprises a third telescopic rod, one end of the third telescopic rod is vertically arranged in the second connecting plate, and the other end of the third telescopic rod is provided with a connecting piece;
the comparison assembly comprises a fourth telescopic rod, a second positioning plate and a third connecting plate, and the fourth telescopic rod is connected with the second positioning plate through the third connecting plate;
one end of the second positioning plate is rotatably connected with the third connecting plate through a pin shaft, and the other end of the second positioning plate is detachably provided with a connecting piece.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
according to the method, the technical links of integrating high-position abdominal grafting of the peg-retaining stub, single-layer film winding of buds, scion bud new tip branch pulling, timely pinching or removing of upright secondary tips and the like are optimized, so that operations of scion waxing, bud tip picking and the like are avoided, fruit bearing in the 2 nd year after grafting and yield in the 3 rd year are realized, and the problems that the yield of apples in an orchard is influenced by long grafting meeting time, even diseases are broken out and trees are withered in the cultivation management processes of apple low-yield orchard, variety structure adjustment and the like are solved.
The invention can effectively prevent the problems that newly germinated scion buds are pedaled by birds and the newly germinated young shoots are broken due to the damage of strong wind by fixing the scion buds by using the bamboo poles during the management after the scion, thereby ensuring the smooth completion of the quick forming process of the apple tree changing the scion and the optimum.
The invention designs a fruit tree ventral grafting auxiliary device which optimizes the direction of short peg shearing in the step of changing the optimum grafting of the abdomen, so that an operator can judge the optimal direction of the short peg shearing according to the position and the direction of the adjacent short peg on and below the sheared short peg, the horizontal positions of the grafted scions are staggered while the vertical positions are staggered, the distribution forms of different vertical positions of each scion and different horizontal directions of the adjacent scions are formed, and each scion after grafting is ensured to have enough growth space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low stem reconnection in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-voltage junction in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the invention after the grafting part and the grafting opening are wound and bound for many times;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the thin bamboo poles of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the effect of grafted shoots when fully lignified with unrooted base angles;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the effect of the grafted stem in a vertical growth state after grafting;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the effect of grafted stem growing vertically after grafting;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the effect of grafted stem growing vertically after grafting;
figure 9 is a schematic representation of the effect of shoots extracted through a horizontally grown shoot portion;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the fruit tree abdominal grafting auxiliary device provided by the invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a fixing component in the fruit tree ventral grafting auxiliary device provided by the invention;
in the figure: 1. a mounting seat;
2. a fixing component;
201. an elastic hole; 202. pulling a rope; 203. handle bar
3. A positioning assembly;
301. a first telescopic rod; 302. a second telescopic rod; 303. a third telescopic rod; 304. a first positioning plate; 305. connecting blocks; 306. a first connecting plate; 307. a second connecting plate; 308. a clip;
4. a comparison component;
401. a fourth telescopic rod; 402. a second positioning plate; 403. and a third connecting plate.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1-11. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a method for changing apple into excellent apple and quickly forming, which is characterized in that high-position side grafting of peg stub left in spring is adopted, branches are horizontally grown in summer through multiple branch pulling, binding and pinching and the like, and back branches and dense branches are thinned and removed in spring the next year, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing scions: after leaf falling in winter and before sprouting in spring, shearing annual branches with full branches at the periphery of crown by combining with winter pruning of tree body, and arranging into bundles for sand storage or preserving in a cold storage at low temperature of 2-4 ℃ for moisture preservation. Taking out the grafting tree one day before grafting, washing the scion with clean water, and soaking the scion in clean water for 10-13h.
And (3) processing of the grafting tree: and (3) removing all branch groups on the trunk of the changed big tree before and after the apple sprouts at the bottom of 4 months, and only leaving 15-20 short pegs of 10-15 cm. The position of the saw cut during the peg residue leaving is noticed, and the grafted tree bud can grow horizontally after grafting. For example, when the stub is bent relatively, the last cutting notch is horizontal, i.e. horizontal or parallel to the ground. When the thickness of the branches is about 2cm, the branches are cut by using a pair of pruning shears, and when the thickness exceeds the thickness, a knife saw can be adopted, and the wounds are ensured to be neat and smooth so as to be beneficial to later healing.
15-20 is the optimal quantity of the short peg, when the quantity of the short peg is lower than 15, the yield of the fruit trees is influenced and cannot reach the expectation of high yield, when the quantity of the short peg is higher than 20, the grafted scion cannot ensure sufficient growth space and nutrients, namely the growth of the scion is influenced and may not normally develop, so that the expectation of high yield is not reached, and the quantity of the branches of 15-20 branches can be maintained by proper thinning and removing in later management.
The method is characterized in that the length of the short peg is 10-15cm, when the length of the short peg is shorter than 10cm, the short peg is too close to a trunk, grafting operation is not facilitated, particularly cutting of a rootstock cut and smooth insertion of a scion are facilitated, and meanwhile, branches 20cm away from the trunk are conveniently removed in later management; when the length of the short peg is longer than 15cm, the sprout-tiller removing operation amount at the later stage is large, and branches are difficult to clean and are easily mixed with a changed variety during later-stage management.
The prepared scion is grafted with the reserved 15-20 short pegs of 10-15cm by adopting the prior art, and the grafting is shown in the figure 3. The grafting of the invention can keep the original tree structure, the lower trunk grafting (figure 1) reduces the formation time of the tree backbone for 1 year, compared with the existing other high grafting methods (figure 2), the invention avoids the main branches or branch groups from sprouting too much and losing tree nutrients, and can also avoid the situation that the later-stage modified grafting variety is mixed with the original variety.
For example, some trees with less than 15 branches can be grafted on the part of the trunk lacking the branch group, so that the fullness of the trees after grafting is kept.
Abdomen connection and optimal change: firstly, cutting the scions at the full bud position of each scion according to a ventral grafting method, generally reserving 2-3 buds, then reserving an oblique shearing interface at a short peg part taken from a modified grafted tree, and then inserting the cut scions. When binding, the scion bud body is tightly wrapped by a single-layer film with the thickness of 0.02mm, and then the grafting part and the grafting port are wound and bound for many times, and the effect after grafting is shown in figure 3.
The scion buds are wrapped by the single-layer plastic film with the thickness of 0.02mm, so that the steps of dipping the scions in wax or sealing wounds by using paint can be saved, the water loss can be reduced as much as possible, meanwhile, the film can be broken through after the buds sprout in the later period, and the operation of picking the bud tips in the later period can be avoided. When the thickness of the used film is less than 0.02mm, the tensile force of the film is insufficient, the film is easy to break or deform during forced stretching, and the fixing or binding effect is poor, so that the binding requirement cannot be met; and when the thickness of the film is larger than 0.02mm, the bud covered by the single-layer film can not break through after later stage germination during grafting, namely the purpose of picking the bud tip in later stage can not be realized.
In order to enable the growth vigor of the apple trees after the modified grafting to be better, namely, the grafted scions are distributed in a staggered manner at the same time of staggered distribution at the vertical positions, the distribution forms of the scions at different vertical positions and at different horizontal directions are formed, and the sufficient growth space of each grafted scion is ensured.
The utility model provides a fruit tree binder auxiliary device, includes mount pad 1, fixed subassembly 2, two locating component 3 and two contrast subassemblies 4. The fruit tree abdominal grafting auxiliary device is further explained by using a preferred implementation process with reference to the attached drawings 10-11:
the implementation process is concretely as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention firstly provides a fruit tree abdominal grafting auxiliary device applied to uniform distribution of scion orientations of apple trees, the structural design is a centrosymmetric structure, wherein a mounting seat 1 is a cubic structure, two positioning components 3 are arranged on the mounting seat, two comparison components 4 are symmetrically arranged on the mounting seat in a left-right direction, a cylindrical through hole is formed in the middle of the cubic structure and used for placing an elastic hole 201, and four small cylindrical through holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the cubic structure and used for a pull rope 202 to pass through.
As shown in fig. 11, the fixing member 2 includes an elastic hole 201, four pulling ropes 202, and two handles 203. The elastic hole 201 is of a cylindrical through hole structure and is located in the cylindrical through hole of the mounting base 1 for placing the short peg, the elastic hole 201 is made of rubber, has certain elasticity, and can adapt to the short pegs with different thicknesses without damaging the short pegs at the same time.
As shown in fig. 11, two liang a set of bilateral symmetry of four stay ropes 202 sets up in elasticity hole 201, and a set of stay rope 202 corresponds a handle 203, the one end of four stay ropes 202 all sets up in elasticity hole 201, the other end all sets up in handle 203, during the pulling handle 203, elasticity hole 201 produces deformation, the aperture grow of elasticity hole 201 promptly, be convenient for this fruit tree abdominal joint auxiliary device's installation and dismantlement, when loosening handle 203, elasticity hole 201 resumes, the aperture grow of elasticity hole 201 promptly, thereby firmly parcel stub, make that this device can be stable be located on the stub.
The positioning assembly 3 comprises a first telescopic rod 301, a second telescopic rod 302, a connecting block 305 and a first connecting plate 306, the first telescopic rod 301 and the second telescopic rod 302 are connected into an L-shaped structure through the connecting block 305, the first telescopic rod 301 is vertically arranged, and the second telescopic rod 302 is horizontally arranged. One end of the first telescopic rod 301 is arranged in the mounting seat 1, the other end is arranged in the connecting block 305, one end of the second telescopic rod 302 is arranged in the connecting block 305, and the other end is arranged in the first connecting plate 306. The first telescopic rod 301 and the second telescopic rod 302 both adopt the prior art disclosed in the utility model with publication number CN204410732U, thereby realizing rapid telescoping and positioning.
The positioning assembly 3 further comprises a first positioning plate 304 and a second connecting plate 307, the first positioning plate 304 is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, one end of the first positioning plate 304 is connected with the first connecting plate 306 in a rotating mode through a pin shaft, the first positioning plate 304 can horizontally rotate around the first connecting plate 306, and through friction force between the first positioning plate 304 and the first connecting plate 306, the first positioning plate 304 can be positioned at a certain rotated angle, and the second connecting plate 307 is fixedly arranged at the other end of the first positioning plate 304.
The positioning assembly 3 further comprises a third telescopic rod 303 and a clamp 308, the third telescopic rod 303 is vertically arranged, one end of the third telescopic rod 303 is arranged in a second connecting plate 307, the first positioning plate 304 and the third telescopic rod 303 are connected through the second connecting plate 307, and the other end of the third telescopic rod 303 is provided with the clamp 308.
The comparison assembly 4 comprises a fourth telescopic rod 401, a second positioning plate 402 and a third connecting plate 403, wherein the fourth telescopic rod 401 is connected with the second positioning plate 402 through the third connecting plate 403. The third telescopic rod 303 and the fourth telescopic rod 401 both adopt a multi-stage telescopic rod structure, so that the third telescopic rod 303 and the fourth telescopic rod 401 can both smoothly extend and retract. The fourth telescopic rod 401 is horizontally arranged, and the fourth telescopic rod 401 is parallel to the second telescopic rod 302, corresponds to the second telescopic rod 302 on the same side of the mounting seat 1 in the vertical direction, and is located on the same vertical plane.
The structure and size of second locating plate 402 and first locating plate 304 are all the same, the one end setting of fourth telescopic link 401 is in mount pad 1, the other end setting is in third connecting plate 403, the one end of second locating plate 402 is connected through rotating between round pin axle and third connecting plate 403, through the frictional force between second locating plate 402 and the third connecting plate 403 for second locating plate 402 can be fixed a position at a certain angle that it changes, the other end demountable installation of second locating plate 402 has a clip 308.
The operation process of the preferred embodiment is as follows: the method comprises the steps that left and right hands respectively hold two handles 203, meanwhile, the handles 203 are pulled outwards to enable the aperture of an elastic hole 201 to be enlarged, then a short peg penetrates through the elastic hole 201 from the rear side of the fruit tree web grafting auxiliary device, the two handles 203 are loosened to enable the aperture of the elastic hole 201 to be recovered, the elastic hole 201 tightly wraps the short peg, accordingly, the fruit tree web grafting auxiliary device is stably installed on the short peg, the length of the two first telescopic links 301 is adjusted respectively, the vertical positions of the two first telescopic links 301 are respectively the same as the vertical positions of the short pegs which are vertically adjacent to each other, then the length of the two second telescopic links 302 is adjusted respectively, the horizontal positions of the two second telescopic links 302 are respectively the same as the horizontal positions of the short pegs which are vertically adjacent to each other, then the two first positioning plates 304 are rotated respectively to the angles of the two first positioning plates 304 are respectively the same as the angles of the short pegs which are vertically adjacent to each other, finally, 308 on the second positioning plates 402 are opened respectively, the second positioning plates 402 and then the first positioning plates are pushed inwards, and a single-layer short peg grafting connector is taken after a short peg is pulled tightly, and a short peg is taken, and a short peg grafting connector is taken, and a short peg is taken after a short peg is taken, and a short peg is taken.
And (4) summer management after the summer is finished: and removing sprouts on the tree body 8-15 days after grafting, and promoting the grafted sprouts to germinate rapidly. And (3) binding thin bamboo poles about 1 month after grafting and when the length of the buds reaches 15-20cm according to the condition of short stub left on a trunk, wherein the thin bamboo poles are 3-6cm thick and 80-100cm long, so that the short tips extracted from the grafted buds grow horizontally, and the effect is shown in a graph 4.
The thin bamboo pole binding method is characterized in that after the growth direction of scions is preliminarily adjusted by the aid of the fruit tree ventral grafting auxiliary device, the growth direction of the scions is further adjusted, so that the purpose is to ensure that the vertical positions of every scion are different, the horizontal directions of adjacent scions are also different, and each scion after grafting is ensured to have enough growth space.
When the scion shoots are shorter than 15-20cm, branch pulling treatment is carried out, so that buds on the shoots are easily twisted off, and the grafting is failed at the position; when the sprouts grow to be longer than 15-20cm, branch pulling treatment is carried out, the grafted young shoots are completely lignified, the base angles of the grafted young shoots are not opened, as shown in the lower left 4 branches in figure 5, and the branches grafted by severe branches grow vertically to influence the tree body structure, as shown in figures 6-8.
The thin bamboo poles are 3-6cm thick and 80-100cm long, when the thickness of the thin bamboo poles is larger than 6cm, the scion sprouts thin, the fixation is difficult, and materials are wasted, when the thickness of the thin bamboo poles is smaller than 3cm, the thin bamboo poles can be fixed at that time, but the grafted parts of the later-stage sprout and the auxiliary tip are lengthened, the thin bamboo poles are easily blown off in case of strong wind, when the length of the thin bamboo poles is larger than 100cm, the scion sprouts thin (10-15 cm) are not favorably fixed, when the length of the thin bamboo poles is smaller than 100cm, the length of the thin bamboo poles is proper, and sufficient space and allowance are also reserved for later-stage growth.
When the peg is tied, the bamboo pole is fixed to the trunk and the position of the short peg at the same time, not only the short peg which is left. Then binding for 2-4 times according to the growth condition of the scion bud, and taking 1-2 other upright auxiliary tips on the back to remove the core or shear.
When the binding is more than 4 times, the branches grow vigorously, and the extracted new tips or secondary tips are fixed into a horizontal shape, so that the flower bud differentiation of the branches is facilitated, the flower buds can be formed in the next year, when the binding is less than 2 times, the branches growing vigorously cannot be converted in time, mostly grow vertically, the flower buds are not easy to form, and the flower forming amount in the next year is small; when the upright secondary tips on the back are reserved for more than 2, the growth vigor of the horizontally growing branches is slowed, the flowers are favorably grown, and when the upright secondary tips on the back are not reserved, the mature buds on the horizontally growing branches germinate and sprout for many times, so that the flowers are not easily grown or are extremely difficult to grow due to strong growth vigor.
Pruning in winter and spring: and removing the branches on the back and the dense branches of the grafted bud when pruning in winter after grafting. Processing the binding material according to the growth condition of the tree body, if the branch which is horizontally pulled keeps horizontal growth and a large number of small short branches are extracted from the branch, removing the bamboo pole and the binding rope; when the top end of the horizontal branch is tilted upwards, the bamboo pole and the binding rope still need to be fixed again; after the grafting opening is completely healed, the film is bound in time, otherwise the grafted stem is possibly broken at the grafting opening.
Flowers were visible from shoots extracted from horizontally grown shoot parts, as shown in fig. 9, and fruit set. In apple orchard 2 in Changli county in 2019 and 2020, the apple variety and the superior line are changed into excellent, and the flowering conditions of various grafting materials are investigated in 2021 and 2022, so that the flowering quantity of branches in 2 nd year after grafting is between 2 and 11 inflorescences, the average value is 6.15 inflorescences, 18.19 inflorescences in 3 rd year and 44.85 in 4 th year; the difference between varieties was large regardless of age as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 survey of flowering rate in 2 and 3 years after grafting by grafting-to-optimum-change rapid prototyping technique
Although 1 preferred embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quickly forming an apple by changing the advantages of the apple, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing scions;
(2) And (3) processing of grafting: removing all branch groups on the trunk of the re-grafted big tree at the end of 4 months before and after the apple sprouts, and only reserving a plurality of short pegs for standby;
(3) Abdomen grafting and changing: cutting the scions according to a ventral grafting method, obliquely shearing an interface at a short peg part reserved on a changed tree by using a fruit tree ventral grafting auxiliary device, inserting the cut scions, and enabling the vertical positions of the grafted scions to be distributed in a staggered manner and the horizontal positions to be distributed in a staggered manner at the same time, so that the vertical positions of all the scions are different, the horizontal directions of the adjacent scions are also different, and each scion has enough growth space; finally, tightly wrapping the scion buds by using a film single layer, and winding and binding the modified grafting part and the grafting port for multiple times;
(4) And (4) managing in summer after the connection: removing sprouts on a grafted tree body 8-15 days after grafting, binding thin bamboo poles on the short peg after grafting for 1 month, adjusting the growth direction of the scions, then performing binding adjustment again according to the growth direction after grafting to enable the short tips extracted from the scions to grow horizontally, and reserving 1-2 other upright auxiliary tips on the back for all pinching or cutting off;
(5) Pruning in winter and spring.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the apple is changed into a better one and the apple is rapidly shaped: the preparation of the scion in the step (1) is specifically operated as follows, after leaves fall in winter and before sprouting in spring, the annual branches with full branches are cut by combining with winter pruning of the tree body, preserved in a moisture-preserving way, taken out one day before grafting, washed by clean water and soaked in clean water for later use.
3. The method for apple tree grafting and optimizing quick forming according to claim 1, wherein the length of the stub peg left for grafting in the step (2) is 10-15cm, and the number of the stub pegs is 15-20.
4. The method for rapid formation of the apple with the modified tipping tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the film in the step (3) of the ventral tipping tube is 0.02mm.
5. The method for apple switching optimization rapid prototyping as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) in summer management after the step (4), the specific time for binding the thin bamboo poles is when the bud length reaches 15-20 cm.
6. The method for apple switching optimization rapid prototyping as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) after the step (4) is connected, in summer management, the thickness of the thin bamboo pole is 3-6cm, and the length of the thin bamboo pole is 80-100cm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the apple is changed into a better one and the apple is rapidly shaped: and (4) in the summer management after the step (4), the re-binding times are 2-4 times.
8. The apple tree splicing, optimizing and rapid forming method according to claim 1, wherein the fruit tree ventral grafting auxiliary device is of a central symmetrical structure and comprises a mounting seat (1), a fixing component (2), two positioning components (3) and two comparison components (4), wherein the fixing component (2) is positioned in the mounting seat (1), and the two positioning components (3) are both arranged on the mounting seat (1); the two comparison components (4) are arranged on the mounting base (1) in a bilateral symmetry mode.
9. The apple tree grafting and optimizing quick forming method according to claim 8, wherein the mounting base (1) is of a cubic structure, a cylindrical through hole is formed in the middle of the cubic structure, the fixing assembly (2) comprises an elastic hole (201), and the elastic hole (201) is formed in the cylindrical through hole of the mounting base (1) and used for placing the short peg left on the tree to be grafted in the step (2).
10. The method for changing the connection of the apples into the optimum and quickly forming according to the claim 9 is characterized in that the positioning assembly (3) comprises a first telescopic rod (301), a second telescopic rod (302), a connecting block (305) and a first connecting plate (306), wherein the first telescopic rod (301) is vertically arranged, the second telescopic rod (302) is horizontally arranged, and the first telescopic rod (301) is connected with the second telescopic rod (302) through the connecting block (305);
the positioning assembly (3) further comprises a first positioning plate (304) and a second connecting plate (307), one end of the first positioning plate (304) is rotatably connected with the first connecting plate (306) through a pin shaft, and the other end of the first positioning plate is fixedly provided with the second connecting plate (307);
the positioning assembly (3) further comprises a third telescopic rod (303), one end of the third telescopic rod (303) is vertically arranged in the second connecting plate (307), and the other end of the third telescopic rod is provided with a connecting piece;
the comparison assembly (4) comprises a fourth telescopic rod (401), a second positioning plate (402) and a third connecting plate (403), and the fourth telescopic rod (401) is connected with the second positioning plate (402) through the third connecting plate (403);
one end of the second positioning plate (402) is rotatably connected with the third connecting plate (403) through a pin shaft, and the other end of the second positioning plate is detachably provided with a connecting piece.
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