CN115380719B - Apple grafting and optimizing changing rapid forming method - Google Patents
Apple grafting and optimizing changing rapid forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115380719B CN115380719B CN202210955380.9A CN202210955380A CN115380719B CN 115380719 B CN115380719 B CN 115380719B CN 202210955380 A CN202210955380 A CN 202210955380A CN 115380719 B CN115380719 B CN 115380719B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000422846 Sequoiadendron giganteum Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 abstract description 20
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004883 flower formation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a method for quick forming by changing apple grafting and optimizing. The utility model aims to solve the problems that in the cultivation management process of apple low-yield orchards, variety structure adjustment and the like, the yield of apples in the orchards is influenced for a long time, and even disease outbreaks and dead trees occur. The utility model provides a method for quickly shaping apple tree grafting and grafting, which reduces the influence of grafting on the growth of the tree body to the greatest extent by optimizing each technical link of the grafting and optimizing process of integrated mature tree, realizes quick shaping and recovery of the yield of the orchard in the shortest time, and designs a fruit tree abdomen grafting auxiliary device.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a method for quick forming by changing apple grafting and optimizing.
Background
Apples are one of the main fruits in the world, are also a main economic source for farmers in the production area, and have important significance for the village happiness of China.
In the cultivation management processes of apple low-yield garden transformation, variety structure adjustment and the like, most of operation objects are mature big trees, the transformation can affect the yield of apples in an orchard for 3-5 years, and the problems of disease outbreak, dead tree body and the like can occur due to improper treatment, so that how to quickly shape the transformed big trees, keep good growth of the trees and form the yield as soon as possible has important significance in improving the economic benefit of fruits, effectively reducing the transformation loss of the orchard and optimizing the variety structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the problems that in the cultivation management process of apple low-yield orchards, variety structure adjustment and the like, the yield of apples in the orchards is influenced for a long time, and even disease outbreaks and dead trees occur.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of optimizing each technical link of the process of changing and optimizing the integrated mature tree, reducing the influence of changing and optimizing the tree growth to the greatest extent, realizing the rapid forming, recovering the orchard yield in the shortest time, designing a fruit tree abdomen grafting auxiliary device, accurately judging the direction of cutting an interface on a reserved short peg by using the device in the process of changing and optimizing the mature tree, ensuring better growth of the changed apple tree, ensuring stable yield of the orchard, and solving the problems that the yield of the apple in the orchard is influenced for a long time, and even disease burst and dead tree body occur in the existing changing and optimizing technology. The specific scheme is as follows:
the apple grafting, changing and optimizing rapid forming method further comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing scions;
(2) And (3) tree grafting: at the end of 4 months, before and after apple germination, all branch groups on the trunk of the grafted big tree are removed, and only a plurality of short pegs are reserved for standby;
(3) And (3) abdominal grafting optimization: cutting scions according to a ventral grafting method, using a fruit tree ventral grafting auxiliary device, obliquely cutting an interface at a short peg position reserved on a changed grafting tree, inserting the cut scions, enabling the vertical positions of the grafted scions to be distributed in a staggered mode and simultaneously enabling the horizontal positions of the grafted scions to be distributed in a staggered mode, forming different vertical positions of each scion, and enabling adjacent scions to be distributed in different horizontal directions, so that each scion has enough growth space; finally, the scion bud is tightly wrapped by a film monolayer, and the grafting part and the grafting port are wound and bound for many times;
(4) And (5) management in summer after: removing sprouts on the grafted tree body 8-15 days after grafting, binding thin bamboo poles on short pegs 1 month after grafting, adjusting the growth direction of scions, and then binding and adjusting again according to the growth direction after scions to enable short tips extracted from scions to grow horizontally, and leaving 1-2 rest whole branches on the back to be picked or cut off;
(5) And (5) pruning in winter and spring.
Further, the preparation of the scion in the step (1) is specifically carried out by combining the winter defoliation and the winter shearing of the tree body before the germination in winter, picking up annual branches with full buds, preserving the annual branches in a moisturizing way, taking out the annual branches one day before grafting, flushing the annual branches with clean water, and soaking the annual branches in clean water for later use.
Further, in the step (2) of tree grafting, the length of the reserved short peg is 10-15cm, and the number of the reserved short pegs is 15-20.
Further, in the step (3) of the abdomen switching, the thickness of the film is 0.02mm.
Further, in summer management after the step (4), the specific time for binding the thin bamboo poles is when the sprouting length reaches 15-20 cm.
Further, in the summer management after the step (4), the thickness of the thin bamboo pole is 3-6cm, and the length of the thin bamboo pole is 80-100cm.
Further, in summer management after the step (4), the number of re-binding is 2-4.
Further, the fruit tree abdomen connection auxiliary device is of a central symmetry structure and comprises a mounting seat, a fixing assembly, two positioning assemblies and two comparison assemblies, wherein the fixing assembly is positioned in the mounting seat, and the two positioning assemblies are arranged on the mounting seat; the two comparison assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the mounting seat in a left-right mode.
Further, the mount pad is the cube structure, cylindrical through-hole has been opened at cube structure's middle part, fixed subassembly includes the elastic pore, the elastic pore sets up in the cylindrical through-hole of mount pad for place change in the step and connect the short peg that leaves on the tree.
Further, the positioning assembly comprises a first telescopic rod, a second telescopic rod, a connecting block and a first connecting plate, wherein the first telescopic rod is vertically arranged, the second telescopic rod is horizontally arranged, and the first telescopic rod and the second telescopic rod are connected through the connecting block;
the positioning assembly further comprises a first positioning plate and a second connecting plate, one end of the first positioning plate is rotationally connected with the first connecting plate through a pin shaft, and the second connecting plate is fixedly arranged at the other end of the first positioning plate;
the positioning assembly further comprises a third telescopic rod, one end of the third telescopic rod is vertically arranged in the second connecting plate, and the other end of the third telescopic rod is provided with a connecting piece;
the contrast assembly comprises a fourth telescopic rod, a second positioning plate and a third connecting plate, and the fourth telescopic rod is connected with the second positioning plate through the third connecting plate;
one end of the second positioning plate is rotationally connected with the third connecting plate through a pin shaft, and the other end of the second positioning plate is detachably provided with a connecting piece.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
the utility model reduces the operations of wax dipping, bud tip picking and the like of scions by optimizing and integrating the technical links of high-position abdominal grafting, single-layer film winding bud body, scion new tip pulling, vertical auxiliary tip timely picking and removing and the like of the reserved scions, and achieves fruit bearing in the 2 nd year and yield in the 3 rd year after grafting, thereby solving the problems that the yield of apples in an orchard is influenced for a long time, and even disease outbreaks and dead trees occur in the cultivation management process of low yield gardens, variety structure adjustment and the like of apples.
The utility model can effectively prevent new sprouting grafting buds from being stepped off by birds when being managed after grafting, and the new sprouting grafting buds are broken off due to damage of strong wind, thereby ensuring smooth completion of the apple tree grafting, optimizing and rapid forming process.
The utility model designs an auxiliary device for fruit tree abdominal grafting, which optimizes the direction of cutting short pegs in the abdominal-change optimal grafting step, so that an operator can judge the optimal cutting direction of the short pegs according to the positions and the directions of adjacent short pegs on the upper side and the lower side of the cut short pegs, the vertical positions of grafted scions are staggered and distributed at the same time, the horizontal positions of the grafted scions are staggered and distributed at the same time, and the horizontal directions of adjacent scions are distributed in different simultaneously when the vertical positions of each scion are different, so that each grafted scion has enough growth space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art low-dry-change;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional high-junction in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the effect of the grafting site and the grafting opening of the utility model after multiple winding and binding;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the effect of the present utility model after binding a thin bamboo culm;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the effect of complete lignification of grafted shoots with base angles open;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the effect of the grafted stems in vertical growth after grafting;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the grafted stems in vertical growth after grafting;
FIG. 8 is a three schematic views showing the effect of the grafted stems in vertical growth after grafting;
fig. 9 is a schematic representation of the effect of shoots extracted by a horizontally grown shoot portion;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the fruit tree abdomen grafting auxiliary device provided by the utility model;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a fixing assembly in the fruit tree abdominal-grafting auxiliary device according to the present utility model;
in the figure: 1. a mounting base;
2. a fixing assembly;
201. an elastic hole; 202. a pull rope; 203. handle grip
3. A positioning assembly;
301. a first telescopic rod; 302. a second telescopic rod; 303. a third telescopic rod; 304. a first positioning plate; 305. a connecting block; 306. a first connection plate; 307. a second connecting plate; 308. a clip;
4. an alignment assembly;
401. a fourth telescopic rod; 402. a second positioning plate; 403. and a third connecting plate.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1-11. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Examples:
the embodiment provides a method for quick forming by apple grafting and optimization, which is characterized in that a high-position abdomen is grafted by a peg in spring, branches are horizontally grown by multiple times of branch pulling, binding, core picking and the like in summer, the branches are thinned, the back and the upper branches are removed in spring in the next year, and the method comprises the following steps:
preparation of scion: after the leaves fall in winter and before the buds sprout in spring, the tree body is combined with winter scissors, annual branches with full peripheral branches of the tree crown are cut, and are arranged into bundles for sand storage or stored in a refrigeration house at a low temperature of 2-4 ℃. Taking out the scion one day before grafting, and soaking the scion in clear water for 10-13h after washing the scion with clear water.
And (3) tree grafting: and before and after the apple sprouts at the end of 4 months, all branches on the trunk of the grafted big tree are removed, and only 15-20 short pegs of 10-15cm are reserved. The position of the cutting saw cut when the peg is left is noted, so that the grafting bud of the tree can be horizontally grown after grafting. If the peg is curved, the last cutting and sawing edge should be horizontal, i.e. horizontal or parallel to the ground. When the thickness of the branches is about 2cm, the branches are cut by pruning shears, and when the thickness exceeds the thickness, a knife saw can be adopted, and the wound is ensured to be tidy and smooth so as to be beneficial to later healing.
15-20 are the optimal quantity of short-peg, when the quantity of short-peg is lower than 15, the yield of fruit tree can be influenced, and can not reach the expectation of high yield, when the quantity of short-peg is higher than 20, the grafted scion can not ensure sufficient growth space and nutrient, namely the growth of the scion can be influenced, and can not normally develop, and can not reach the expectation of high yield, and the branch quantity of 15-20 branches can be properly thinned out in later management.
10-15cm is the optimal length of the short peg, when the length of the short peg is shorter than 10cm, the short peg is too close to the trunk, which is not beneficial to grafting operation, especially the cutting of a stock incision and the smooth insertion of a scion, and meanwhile, the branch 20cm away from the trunk is convenient to remove in later management; when the length of the short peg is longer than 15cm, the operation amount for removing the sprouts in the later period is large, and the branches are difficult to clean and are easy to confuse with grafted varieties in the later period management.
The prepared scion is grafted with 15-20 short pegs of 10-15cm, and the grafting is carried out in a mode in the prior art as shown in figure 3. The grafting of the utility model can keep the original tree structure, lower stem grafting (figure 1) reduces the formation time of tree backbone for 1 year, compared with other high grafting methods (figure 2), the utility model can avoid excessive germination of main branches or branch groups, loss of tree nutrients, and can avoid the situation that the later grafted variety is confused with the original variety.
If some tree bodies with branch quantity less than 15 are grafted, the positions of the tree bodies lacking branch groups on the trunks can be grafted, so that the tree bodies are kept plump after the grafting.
And (3) abdominal grafting optimization: firstly, cutting scions at the positions of full buds of each scion according to an abdomen grafting method, generally leaving 2-3 buds, then obliquely cutting an interface at a short peg position reserved on a grafted tree, and then inserting the cut scions. When binding, the scion bud is tightly wrapped by a single-layer film with the thickness of 0.02mm, and then the grafting part and the grafting opening are wound and bound for a plurality of times, so that the effect after grafting is shown in figure 3.
The scion bud is wrapped by a single-layer plastic film with the thickness of 0.02mm, so that the step of dipping wax or sealing a wound by paint on the scion can be omitted, the water loss is reduced as much as possible, meanwhile, the film can be broken through after the bud is germinated in the later stage, and the operation of picking the bud young tip in the later stage can be avoided. When the thickness of the used film is less than 0.02mm, the stretching force of the film is insufficient, the film is easy to break or deform when stretched forcefully, and the fixing or binding effect is poor, so that the binding requirement cannot be met; when the film thickness is larger than 0.02mm, the bud wrapped by the single-layer film cannot break through after germination in the later stage during grafting, and the aim of reducing and avoiding the operation of picking the bud young tip in the later stage can not be fulfilled.
In order to make the growth vigor of the apple tree after grafting better, namely, make the vertical position of the grafted scion fall off and distribute horizontally at the same time and stagger, form the vertical position of each scion different, the horizontal direction of the adjacent scion is also different and distribute the form, guarantee that each scion after grafting has sufficient growth space, the utility model provides a fruit tree abdominal grafting auxiliary device, used in the above-mentioned step when cutting the interface in the oblique direction of short peg that leaves on the grafted tree, judge the direction of specific cutting accurately.
An auxiliary device for fruit tree abdominal grafting comprises a mounting seat 1, a fixing component 2, two positioning components 3 and two comparison components 4. The fruit tree abdominal-grafting aid is further described in the preferred embodiment with reference to fig. 10-11:
the implementation process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the utility model firstly provides a fruit tree abdomen grafting auxiliary device applied to uniform distribution of apple tree scion azimuth, which is designed into a central symmetrical structure, wherein a mounting seat 1 is of a cube structure, two positioning assemblies 3 are arranged on the mounting seat, two comparison assemblies 4 are symmetrically arranged on the mounting seat left and right, a cylindrical through hole is formed in the middle of the cube structure and used for placing an elastic hole 201, and four small cylindrical through holes are formed in the left side and the right side of the cube structure and used for a pull rope 202 to pass through.
As shown in fig. 11, the fixing assembly 2 includes an elastic hole 201, four pull ropes 202, and two handles 203. The elastic hole 201 is of a cylindrical through hole structure and is located in the cylindrical through hole of the mounting seat 1 and used for placing the short peg, the elastic hole 201 is made of rubber, has a certain elasticity, and can adapt to short pegs of different thicknesses without damaging the short peg.
As shown in fig. 11, four pull ropes 202 are symmetrically arranged in the elastic hole 201 in pairs, one group of pull ropes 202 corresponds to one handle 203, one ends of the four pull ropes 202 are arranged in the elastic hole 201, the other ends of the four pull ropes are arranged in the handle 203, when the handle 203 is pulled, the elastic hole 201 deforms, namely the aperture of the elastic hole 201 becomes large, the fruit tree abdomen connection auxiliary device is convenient to mount and dismount, and when the handle 203 is released, the elastic hole 201 is restored, namely the aperture of the elastic hole 201 becomes small, so that a short message is firmly wrapped, and the device can be stably positioned on the short message.
The positioning assembly 3 comprises a first telescopic rod 301, a second telescopic rod 302, a connecting block 305 and a first connecting plate 306, wherein the first telescopic rod 301 and the second telescopic rod 302 are connected into an L-shaped structure through the connecting block 305, the first telescopic rod 301 is vertically arranged, and the second telescopic rod 302 is horizontally arranged. One end of the first telescopic link 301 is disposed in the mount 1, the other end is disposed in the connection block 305, one end of the second telescopic link 302 is disposed in the connection block 305, and the other end is disposed in the first connection plate 306. The first telescopic link 301 and the second telescopic link 302 each adopt the prior art disclosed in the utility model of publication No. CN204410732U, thereby achieving quick telescoping and positioning.
The positioning assembly 3 further comprises a first positioning plate 304 and a second connecting plate 307, the first positioning plate 304 is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, one end of the first positioning plate 304 is rotationally connected with the first connecting plate 306 through a pin shaft, the first positioning plate 304 can horizontally rotate around the first connecting plate 306, the first positioning plate 304 can be positioned at a certain rotated angle through friction force between the first positioning plate 304 and the first connecting plate 306, and the second connecting plate 307 is fixedly arranged at the other end of the first positioning plate 304.
The positioning assembly 3 further comprises a third telescopic rod 303 and a clip 308, the third telescopic rod 303 is vertically arranged, one end of the third telescopic rod 303 is arranged in the second connecting plate 307, the first positioning plate 304 is connected with the third telescopic rod 303 through the second connecting plate 307, and the other end of the third telescopic rod 303 is provided with the clip 308.
The contrast assembly 4 comprises a fourth telescopic rod 401, a second positioning plate 402 and a third connecting plate 403, wherein the fourth telescopic rod 401 and the second positioning plate 402 are connected through the third connecting plate 403. The third telescopic rod 303 and the fourth telescopic rod 401 all adopt multi-stage telescopic rod structures, so that the third telescopic rod 303 and the fourth telescopic rod 401 can smoothly stretch. The fourth telescopic rod 401 is horizontally arranged, and the fourth telescopic rod 401 is parallel to the second telescopic rod 302 and corresponds to the upper and lower positions of the second telescopic rod 302 on the same side of the mounting seat 1, and is positioned in the same vertical plane.
The structure and the size of the second locating plate 402 and the first locating plate 304 are identical, one end of the fourth telescopic rod 401 is arranged in the mounting seat 1, the other end of the fourth telescopic rod 401 is arranged in the third connecting plate 403, one end of the second locating plate 402 is rotationally connected with the third connecting plate 403 through a pin shaft, the second locating plate 402 can be located at a certain rotated angle through friction force between the second locating plate 402 and the third connecting plate 403, and a clamp 308 is detachably arranged at the other end of the second locating plate 402.
The operation process of the preferred embodiment is as follows: the left hand and the right hand hold the two handles 203 respectively, pull the handles 203 outwards to enlarge the aperture of the elastic hole 201, then pass the short peg through the elastic hole 201 from the rear of the auxiliary device for the abdomen grafting of the fruit tree, loosen the two handles 203 to recover the aperture of the elastic hole 201, and tightly wrap the short peg by the elastic hole 201, thereby stably installing the auxiliary device for the abdomen grafting of the fruit tree on the short peg, respectively adjusting the lengths of the two first telescopic rods 301 to ensure that the vertical positions of the two first telescopic rods 301 are respectively the same as the vertical positions of the short pegs adjacent to the short peg up and down, respectively adjusting the lengths of the two second telescopic rods 302 to ensure that the horizontal positions of the two second telescopic rods 302 are respectively the same as the horizontal positions of the short pegs adjacent to the short peg up and down, and then respectively rotating the two first locating plates 304 to the angles of the two first locating plates 304 which are respectively the same as the angles of the short-peg which is adjacent up and down, finally respectively opening the clamps 308 on the second locating plates 402 to enable the second locating plates 402 to be independent from the first locating plates 304, respectively pushing the two third connecting plates 403 inwards to enable the two fourth telescopic rods 401 to be contracted to the shortest, forming an angle by the two second locating plates 402 at the moment, taking the intermediate value of the angle, namely, obliquely cutting the interface on the short peg according to the direction, inserting the cut scion, wrapping the grafting bud tightly by a single-layer film with the thickness of 0.02mm, and winding and binding the grafting part and the grafting opening for a plurality of times.
And (5) management in summer after: removing buds on the tree body 8-15 days after grafting, and promoting quick germination of scions. When the bud length reaches 15-20cm after grafting for about 1 month, the thin bamboo poles are tied according to the condition of the short pegs left on the trunk, the thickness of the thin bamboo poles is 3-6cm, the length is 80-100cm, and the short tips extracted from the grafting buds grow horizontally, so that the effect is shown in figure 4.
The thin bamboo pole binding method is characterized in that after the growth direction of the scions is primarily adjusted by utilizing the fruit tree abdominal grafting auxiliary device, the growth direction of the scions is further adjusted, so that the purpose of ensuring that the vertical position of each scion is different, and meanwhile, the horizontal direction of each adjacent scion is also different, and the enough growth space of each grafted scion is ensured.
When the young shoots of the scions are shorter than 15cm to 20cm, the young shoots with buds are very easy to twist off, so that grafting at the young shoots fails; and when the buds grow longer than 15-20cm, carrying out branch pulling treatment, and fully lignifying the grafted young shoots, wherein the basal corners of the young shoots are not opened, as shown in the lower left 4 branches of fig. 5, and the grafted stems of serious people grow vertically to influence the tree structure, as shown in fig. 6-8.
The thickness of the thin bamboo pole is 3-6cm, the length is 80-100cm, when the thickness of the thin bamboo pole is larger than 6cm, the thin bamboo pole is difficult to fix due to the fact that the scion germinates the young shoots, materials are wasted, when the thickness of the thin bamboo pole is smaller than 3cm, although the thin bamboo pole can be fixed at the time, the later-stage young shoots and the auxiliary shoots are large in grafted parts, the thin bamboo pole is extremely easy to blow off when encountering strong wind, when the length of the thin bamboo pole is larger than 100cm, the thin bamboo pole is unfavorable for fixing when the scion germinates the young shoots (10-15 cm), when the length of the thin bamboo pole is smaller than 100cm, the thin bamboo pole is proper in length, and sufficient space and allowance are reserved for later-stage growth.
Note that when binding, the bamboo poles should be fixed simultaneously with the trunk and the peg positions, not just on the peg left. And binding for 2-4 times according to the growth condition of the scion bud, and leaving 1-2 rest of the vertical auxiliary shoots on the back for complete pinching or pruning.
When the binding time is more than 4 times, the branches grow vigorously, the new shoots or the auxiliary shoots which are extracted are fixed horizontally, so that the differentiation of flower buds of the branches is facilitated, flower buds can be formed in the next year, when the binding time is less than 2 times, the branches which grow vigorously cannot be converted in time, grow vertically, the flower buds are not easy to form, and the flower quantity in the next year is small; when more than 2 vertical auxiliary shoots on the back are reserved, the growth vigor of the branches growing horizontally becomes slow, which is beneficial to flower formation, when the vertical auxiliary shoots on the back are not reserved, the mature buds on the branches growing horizontally germinate, the branches are extracted for multiple times, and the growth vigor is strong, which is not beneficial to flower formation or extremely difficult to flower formation.
Pruning in winter and spring: and (5) removing the upper branches on the backs and the too dense branches of the germinated scions when pruning is carried out in winter. According to the growth condition of the tree body, the binding material is treated, if the horizontal branches are pulled to grow horizontally and a large number of small short branches are drawn and generated on the horizontal branches, the bamboo poles and the binding ropes are removed as many as possible; when the top end of the horizontal branch is tilted up again, the bamboo poles and the binding ropes are still required to be fixed again; after the interface is completely healed, the film is bound in time, otherwise grafting is likely to be constricted at the grafting opening.
Flowers are visible through the branches extracted from the horizontally grown branch portions, as shown in fig. 9, and fruit bearing. Apple orchards in Changli county 2 in 2019 and 2020 are changed to be optimized in apple varieties and major lines, and the flower forming conditions of all grafting materials are investigated in 2021 and 2022, so that the flower forming amount of branches in 2 nd year after grafting is found to be between 2-11 inflorescences, the average value is 6.15 inflorescences, the inflorescences in 3 rd year, 18.19 inflorescences and the inflorescences in 4 th year, 44.85; the variety-to-variety variation was large regardless of age as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 investigates the flower quantity in the 2 nd and 3 rd years after the grafting by the grafting and optimizing-changing rapid prototyping technology
Although 1 preferred embodiment of the present utility model has been disclosed and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The apple change-over optimization rapid forming method is characterized in that a fruit tree abdomen connection auxiliary device is used for abdomen connection, the fruit tree abdomen connection auxiliary device is of a central symmetry structure and comprises a mounting seat (1), a fixing assembly (2), two positioning assemblies (3) and two comparison assemblies (4), the fixing assembly (2) is located in the mounting seat (1), and the two positioning assemblies (3) are both arranged on the mounting seat (1); the two comparison components (4) are symmetrically arranged on the mounting seat (1) left and right;
the mounting seat (1) is of a cube structure, a cylindrical through hole is formed in the middle of the cube structure, the fixing assembly (2) comprises an elastic hole (201), and the elastic hole (201) is arranged in the cylindrical through hole of the mounting seat (1);
the positioning assembly (3) comprises a first telescopic rod (301), a second telescopic rod (302), a connecting block (305) and a first connecting plate (306), wherein the first telescopic rod (301) is vertically arranged, the second telescopic rod (302) is horizontally arranged, and the first telescopic rod (301) and the second telescopic rod (302) are connected through the connecting block (305);
the positioning assembly (3) further comprises a first positioning plate (304) and a second connecting plate (307), one end of the first positioning plate (304) is rotationally connected with the first connecting plate (306) through a pin shaft, and the other end of the first positioning plate is fixedly provided with the second connecting plate (307);
the positioning assembly (3) further comprises a third telescopic rod (303), one end of the third telescopic rod (303) is vertically arranged in the second connecting plate (307), and the other end of the third telescopic rod is provided with a connecting piece;
the contrast assembly (4) comprises a fourth telescopic rod (401), a second positioning plate (402) and a third connecting plate (403), wherein the fourth telescopic rod (401) is connected with the second positioning plate (402) through the third connecting plate (403);
one end of the second positioning plate (402) is rotationally connected with the third connecting plate (403) through a pin shaft, and the other end of the second positioning plate is detachably provided with a connecting piece;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing scions;
(2) And (3) tree grafting: at the end of 4 months, before and after apple germination, all branch groups on the trunk of the grafted big tree are removed, and only a plurality of short pegs are reserved for standby;
(3) And (3) abdominal grafting optimization: cutting a scion according to an abdomen grafting method, enabling the short-peg to pass through an elastic hole (201) from the rear of an abdomen grafting auxiliary device of the fruit tree, respectively adjusting the lengths of two first telescopic rods (301), enabling the vertical positions of the two first telescopic rods (301) to be the same as the vertical positions of the short-pegs vertically adjacent to the short-peg, respectively adjusting the lengths of two second telescopic rods (302), enabling the horizontal positions of the two second telescopic rods (302) to be the same as the horizontal positions of the short-pegs vertically adjacent to the short-peg, respectively rotating two first positioning plates (304) until the angles of the two first positioning plates (304) are the same as the angles of the short-pegs vertically adjacent to the short-peg, respectively opening clamps (308) on the second positioning plates (402), enabling the second positioning plates (402) to be independently opened with the first positioning plates (304), respectively pushing two third telescopic rods (403) inwards, enabling the two second positioning plates (402) to be contracted to be the shortest, enabling the two second positioning plates (402) to form an angle, namely, enabling the two second positioning plates (402) to be inclined to be the same as the adjacent short-peg to the short-peg to be inserted into the grafting in the same direction, and enabling the scions to be in the inclined directions to grow in the directions, and the directions of the adjacent scions to be different from the inclined grafting directions; finally, the scion bud is tightly wrapped by a film monolayer, and the grafting part and the grafting port are wound and bound for many times;
(4) And (5) management in summer after: removing sprouts on the grafted tree body 8-15 days after grafting, binding thin bamboo poles on short pegs 1 month after grafting, adjusting the growth direction of scions, and then binding and adjusting again according to the growth direction after scions to enable short tips extracted from scions to grow horizontally, and leaving 1-2 rest whole branches on the back to be picked or cut off;
(5) And (5) pruning in winter and spring.
2. The method for rapid forming of apple change according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation of the scion in the step (1) comprises the specific operations of cutting off the annual branches with plump branches in winter, preserving the annual branches in a moisturizing way by combining the winter cutting of the tree body before the germination in winter after the defoliation in winter, taking out the annual branches one day before grafting, flushing with clean water and soaking in clean water for later use.
3. The method for rapid forming by apple grafting and changing optimization according to claim 1, wherein the length of the reserved short peg in the step (2) of grafting tree is 10-15cm, and the number of the reserved short pegs is 15-20.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the film thickness in the step (3) of performing the abdomen grafting is 0.02mm.
5. The method for rapid forming of apple change according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) in summer management after the step (4), the specific time for binding the thin bamboo poles is when the sprouting length reaches 15-20 cm.
6. The method for rapid forming of apple change according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) in the subsequent summer management, the thickness of the thin bamboo pole is 3-6cm, and the length of the thin bamboo pole is 80-100cm.
7. The method for rapid forming of apple change according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) in summer management after the step (4), the number of binding again is 2-4.
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| CN102283024A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-12-21 | 马稚昱 | Adjustable rotary oblique-cutting automatic grafting device and method |
| JP2017055731A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | アップシステム株式会社 | Grafting device |
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