CN115312943A - 电池结构和保护器 - Google Patents

电池结构和保护器 Download PDF

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CN115312943A
CN115312943A CN202211074106.7A CN202211074106A CN115312943A CN 115312943 A CN115312943 A CN 115312943A CN 202211074106 A CN202211074106 A CN 202211074106A CN 115312943 A CN115312943 A CN 115312943A
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B·施皮尔福格尔
S·施米茨
G·因萨姆
H·多尔芬格
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Mubea Carbo Tech GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的电池结构(1)。电池结构(1)包括用于至少一个电池模块(3)的电池壳体(2)和保护器(4)，保护器(4)包括顶部带(5)、底部带(6)以及布置在顶部带(5)和底部带(6)之间并互连顶部带(5)和底部带(6)的芯体(7)。顶部带和底部带以及芯体由纤维增强复合材料和/或热塑性材料制成。顶部带(5)具有波状横截面。应用加强波纹作为该结构的一部分。

Description

电池结构和保护器
本申请是申请日为2018年02月09日、申请号为201880011331.1、发明名称为“电池结构和保护器”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于电动车辆的电池结构和用于电池组的保护器。
背景技术
DE102015101096A1以Porsche AG的名义于2016年7月首次公开。该申请涉及电池结构。电池设备包括位于底部板和地面之间的车身下部电池。可以预见至少一个变形区域是为了避免对车身下部电池不必要的损坏。因此变形区域位于电池设备下方。底部板可向上变形。
WO15077000A1以Atieva Inc.的名义于2015年5月首次公开。该申请涉及一种电池组安装在汽车下方的与电动车辆一起使用的电池组保护系统。该系统利用位于每个电池的下部表面和下部电池组外壳面板之间的多个可变形冷却导管。在导管和下部外壳面板之间置入热绝缘体。可以包括置于冷却导管和热绝缘体之间的导热材料层并且导热材料层与每个冷却导管的下部表面接触。冷却导管配置成当诸如道路杂物的物体撞击下部电池组外壳面板的下部表面时变形并吸收冲击能量。通过在电池组的底部表面下单独定位弹道护罩或将可压缩材料层和弹道护罩一起定位可以实现进一步保护。
FR2977554A以Fior Concept的名义于2013年1月首次公开。该申请涉及一种具有框架的车辆，该框架包括形成板的蜂窝状结构。上部板的表面刚性地连接到该板的上部表面。底部板的表面刚性地连接到该板的下部表面。阻力结构突出于车轮凹口上方，并通过完整且刚性的连接件与凹口附接。外部阻力带通过完整且刚性的连接件与板的外周附接，并且外部阻力带被部分地放置在车轮的通道结构之间。
发明内容
从现有技术中已知用于保护车辆地板中布置的电池组的部件，该部件通常通过在相对较大的变形路径上的塑性变形吸收所产生的能量。现有技术中已知的保护器要么由金属制成，要么由复合材料制成，并且不适合于吸收高精确冲击负载。
从现有技术中已知系统的一个缺点是，在防钻撞保护和要保护的部件之间的大量空间作为完成要求-即耗尽引入的能量而不向要保护的部件引入显著的力-的结构被占用。取决于车辆的类型，这可能对至少一个以下参数产生显著影响：离地间隙、进入高度、车头间隙、车辆高度、横截面积。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于电池结构的改进的保护器，该改进的保护器提供用于保护电动车辆的底板中的电池结构的更好性能，即高局部应力，该局部应力例如由于沉浸式交通护柱的冲击引起。本发明的另一目的是提供一种保护器，该保护器更轻并且在高度方向上需要较小的空间以通过弹性和/或塑性变形消耗所产生的能量。
根据本发明的保护器有助于防止布置在电动汽车的底板中的至少一个电池模块的损坏。保护器通常包括顶部带和底部带以及布置在顶部带和底部带之间并将顶部带和底部带互连的芯体。优选地，顶部带在至少一个方向上具有波形。取决于应用领域，波形可以在两个方向上延伸，从一个梁到另一个梁形成拱形，从而有效地接收和分布高局部负载，这在下文更详细地描述。根据本发明的保护器通过弹性变形和/或塑性变形的组合提供产生的能量到结构中的优化分布。顶部带和底部带以及布置在顶部带和底部带之间的芯体优选地由以下材料的组中的至少一种制成：铝、钢、纤维增强复合材料、热塑性材料。
在优选的变型中，顶部带由铝和/或钢和/或包括短纤维的热塑性材料制成，而底部带优选地由包括连续纤维的纤维增强复合材料制成。芯体优选地由蜂窝体和/或泡沫制成。取决于应用领域，可使用其他组合。
优化结构的优选参数选择是：波浪的横截面的形状、波浪的形状(曲率)、芯体材料、腔室高度、壁厚度、带材料。
在优选变型中，用于电动车辆的电池结构包括包围至少一个电池模块的电池壳体和保护器。保护器包括顶部带和底皮带以及布置在顶部带和底部带之间并将顶部带和底部带互连的芯体。顶部带优选地具有沿至少一个方向延伸的波状横截面。顶部带的波状横截面可以在电动车辆的纵向方向和/或横向方向上延伸，从而产生波浪在一个方向和/或同时在两个方向上延伸的波状顶部带。波浪可为规则的或不规则的。如果合适，顶部带的波浪可在两个方向上延伸。
保护器优选地互连到电池壳体的至少纵向梁和/或至少一个横向梁。在变型中，纵向梁和横向梁布置成网格状。顶部带可互连到电池壳体的框架。保护器优选地布置在内部容纳至少一个电池模块的电池壳体的下部滑壁下方。一个目的是显着降低冲击物体到达下部滑壁的风险。
顶部带相对于芯体包括凸起(芯体的较厚区域)和与之交替的凹陷(芯体的较薄区域)，凸起和交替的凹陷布置成波状结构。凹陷和凸起以拱形形式横跨梁以及相应的电池壳体的框架，从而产生非常有效的结构，尤其是在从外部(保护器的对面侧)产生精确负载的情况下更是如此。顶部带在至少一个凹陷区域中可直接互连到底部带。顶部带在至少一个凹陷区域中可直接连接到底部带。可替代地或附加地，顶部带可-例如，经由相同芯体的区段或不同芯体的区段-在至少一个凹陷区域中的间接连接到底部带。如果芯体是蜂窝体，例如，由铝、钢或注塑热塑性材料和/或泡沫制成，则可获得良好的结果。底部带优选地具有大体平坦的结构，尤其是在其提供底板的外层的情况下。如果需要，可以应用加强波纹作为结构的一部分和/或作为单独的元件。芯体可由绝热材料制成。如果合适，至少一个凹陷可用于输送用于冷却和/或加热至少一个电池模块的流体。
应理解，前面的总体描述和以下详细描述都呈现了实施例，并且旨在提供用于理解本公开内容的性质和特征的概述或框架。包括附图以提供进一步理解，并且附图被纳入并构成本说明书的一部分。附图示出了各种实施例，并且与说明书一起用于解释所公开的概念的原理和操作。
附图说明
本文所述的发明根据本文下面给出的详细描述和附图将被更全面地理解，这些详细描述和附图不应视为限制所附权利要求中描述的发明。图示出：
图1是根据本发明的电池结构；
图2是穿过根据本发明的电池壳体的纵向截面图和横向截面图。
图3是保护器的第一和第二实施例的第一截面图和第二截面图；
图4是保护器的第三实施例。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考在附图中示出的某些实施例，附图中示出了这些实施例的示例，在附图中示出了一些特征但不是所有特征。实际上，本文公开的实施例可以以许多不同的形式实施，并且不应该被解释为限于本文阐述的实施例；相反，提供这些实施例使得本公开内容满足适用的法律要求。只要有可能，相同的附图标记将用于指代相同的构件或部件。
图1以分解图从下方示出了电池结构1。图2a和图2b示意性地示出了物体14从下方冲击电池结构1。图3a至图3d从侧面并且沿着剖面线A-A示出了保护器4的第一变型和第二变型的横截面视图。图4以立体图示出了保护器4的第三变型。
如图1中可见，电池结构1包括用于至少一个电池模块3的电池壳体2、和保护器4。这些元件以拆开、分解方式示出。组装由虚线示意性地表示。例如，在图2a和图3中可见，保护器4包括顶部带5和底部带6以及布置在顶部带5和底部带6之间并且至少在某些区域中将顶部带5和底部带6互连的芯体7。在所示的变型中，芯体是蜂窝体，其中，蜂窝体的单元在竖直方向(z方向)上延伸。如图1中示意性地所示，保护器4，即顶部带5，可互连到电池壳体2的框架10。
如图2a中可见，所示变型的顶部带5具有波状横截面。顶部带5互连到电池壳体2的纵向梁8上。顶部带5包括凸起11和与之交替的凹陷12，形成波浪13，波浪13以规则的方式布置。波浪13在此仅在x方向上延伸。其他布置也是可能的。
在如图2a所示的变型以及根据图3a相应的截面图中，顶部带5在凹陷12的区域直接互连到底部带6，底部带6原则上具有平坦设计。如在根据图3c的截面图中可见，顶部带5可替代地或附加地在凹陷12的区域中经由芯体7间接地连接到底部带6。
图3b示出了沿根据图3a中剖面线A-A的截面图，图3d示出了沿根据图3c中剖面线A-A的截面图。
为了更好地控制至少一个电池模块的温度，芯体7可由诸如泡沫的绝热材料制成。如果合适，至少一个凹陷12用于输送用于冷却和/或加热至少一个电池模块的流体。
图4以立体图从上方示出了保护器4的另一变型。顶部带5具有同时在两个方向(x，y)上延伸的波浪结构。底部带6(未详细示出)具有平坦设计。取决于应用领域，存在其他可能性。在纵向梁8和横向梁9(由虚线表示)连接的区域中，顶部带5具有平坦设计。与现有技术相比，圆顶状凹陷12提供非常高的刚度和能量消耗能力，尤其是在来自低于8(z方向)的精确冲击负载的情况下。
此外，说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而不是限制性词语，并且应当理解，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行各种改变。
标号列表
1 电池结构
2 电池壳体
3 电池模块
4 保护器
5 顶部带
6 底部带
7 芯体
8 纵向梁
9 横向梁
10 框架(电池壳体)
11 凸起(顶部带)
12 凹陷(顶部带)
13 波浪
14 冲击物体
15 滑壁(电池壳体)
16 盖(电池壳体)

Claims (13)

1.一种用于电动车辆的电池结构(1)，包括：
a.用于至少一个电池模块(3)的电池壳体(2)；以及
b.保护器(4)，所述保护器(4)包括：
i.顶部带(5)，
ii.底部带(6)，以及
iii.芯体(7)，所述芯体(7)布置在所述顶部带(5)和所述底部带(6)之间并将所述顶部带(5)和所述底部带(6)互连，其中
c.所述顶部带和所述底部带以及所述芯体由纤维增强复合材料和/或热塑性材料制成；
d.所述顶部带(5)具有波状横截面；以及
e.应用加强波纹作为所述结构的一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述顶部带(5)的所述波状横截面在所述电动车辆的纵向方向(x)和/或横向方向(y)上延伸。
3.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述顶部带(5)互连到所述电池壳体(2)的至少纵向梁(8)和/或至少一个横向梁(9)。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述顶部带(5)互连到所述电池壳体(2)的框架(10)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述顶部带(5)横跨所述电池壳体(2)的下部滑壁(15)互连到所述电池壳体(2)的至少纵向梁(8)和/或至少一个横向梁(9)和/或所述框架(10)。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述顶部带(5)包括凸起(11)以及与所述凸起(11)交替的凹陷(12)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述顶部带(5)在至少一个凹陷(12)的区域中直接互连到所述底部带(6)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述顶部带(5)在所述至少一个凹陷(12)的区域中直接连接到所述底部带(6)。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述顶部带(5)在所述至少一个凹陷(12)的区域中经由所述芯体(7)间接地连接到所述底部带(6)。
10.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的电池结构(1)，其中所述芯体(7)是蜂窝体和/或泡沫。
11.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述芯体(7)由绝热材料制成。
12.根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的电池结构(1)，其中，所述凹陷(12)中的至少一个用于输送用于冷却和/或加热所述至少一个电池模块的流体。
13.一种用于根据前述权利要求中的一项所述的电池结构的保护器。
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