CN115152834A - 一种猕猴桃保鲜剂及其制备与应用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于果蔬防腐技术领域，具体涉及一种猕猴桃保鲜剂及其制备和应用方法。本发明提供的猕猴桃采前喷施用保鲜剂，活性组分为N‑α‑月桂酰‑L‑精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液和山梨酸钾溶液；所述N‑α‑月桂酰‑L‑精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中N‑α‑月桂酰‑L‑精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐的质量分数为0.01～0.06％；所述山梨酸钾溶液中山梨酸钾的质量分数为0.2％；所述N‑α‑月桂酰‑L‑精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中溶剂为乙醇和水。本发明的猕猴桃保鲜剂对猕猴桃进行采前处理，提高对猕猴桃的食用安全性，同时减缓猕猴桃感官品质和营养品质的下降，以延长货架期。
Description
本申请是申请日为2017年12月29日、申请号为201711484565.1、发明名称为《一种果蔬保鲜剂及其制备与应用方法》的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于果蔬防腐技术领域，具体涉及一种猕猴桃保鲜剂及其制备与应用方法。
背景技术
月桂酰精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(LAE)是一种阳离子表面活性剂，LAE具有阳离子的头部和非极性的尾部，油水分布系数很低，能够在产品的水相中富集，水溶性好，特别在水基质体系中有较强的抑菌效果，且在pH＝3～7范围内化学性质稳定。LAE具有很强的抑菌能力，可作为食品级防腐剂使用，相关的毒性试验表明，LAE具有的低毒性和高抑菌活性使其成为抑制食品微生物的较好选择。
另外，食品防腐剂是一类抑制腐败微生物生长的食品添加剂，其中包括有苯甲酸钠、N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE、亚硝酸钠等，作为应用于食品中的抑菌剂，食品防腐剂对安全性的要求更高，其对人体的毒性相较于常规的化学保鲜剂要温和。尤其是现在使用较普遍的食品防腐剂，如N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE，对人体具有很低的急性毒性，其长期摄入的安全性也已经被证实。因此，LAE、苯甲酸钠、亚硝酸钠等可作为防腐剂应用于多种食品及生鲜农产品中。
猕猴桃是一种在国内外广泛栽培的水果，因其口感优秀和营养价值极高，猕猴桃受到消费者的广泛欢迎。然而猕猴桃在采后贮藏过程中，极易感染灰霉菌(Botrytiscinerea)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)以及拟茎点霉菌(Diaportheactinidiae)等致腐菌，并且由于乙烯跃变导致的过熟会进一步加剧腐烂，给猕猴桃贮藏保鲜带来了很大的困难。为了改善猕猴桃在采后的耐贮藏性能，传统方法为在采后使用保鲜剂对猕猴桃进行浸泡或熏蒸，常用的保鲜剂如二氧化氯、硫化氢、苯菌灵、戊唑醇等，这些保鲜剂往往对人体有一定的毒害作用，有些保鲜剂还被作为农药使用，所以传统的保鲜剂处理往往导致猕猴桃的产品安全风险大大增加。
为此，申请号为201710056593.7(公布号为CN106720267A)的中国发明专利提供了一种利用N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和尼泊金甲酯钠混合的果蔬保鲜剂，达到协同增效作用，提高防腐能力，其提供了一种新的保鲜剂以及保鲜方法，但仍然需要研发更好的保鲜剂以及保鲜方法，以进一步提高猕猴桃的贮藏品质，延长猕猴桃的贮藏期(或货架期)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种猕猴桃保鲜剂及其制备与应用方法，本发明提供的猕猴桃保鲜剂不仅能达到良好保鲜效果，延长货架期，同时还能提高果蔬的食用安全性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的技术方案为：一种猕猴桃采前喷施用保鲜剂，活性组分为N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液和山梨酸钾溶液；
所述N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐的质量分数为0.01～0.06％；
所述山梨酸钾溶液中山梨酸钾的质量分数为0.2％；
所述N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中溶剂为乙醇和水。
本发明还提供了一种上述方案所述猕猴桃保鲜剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备山梨酸钾溶液：
量取100～1000份纯净水，取1份山梨酸钾，混和均匀，得到山梨酸钾溶液；
(2)制备N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液：
①制备醇溶性N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液：量取1份N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐，溶解于100份纯乙醇中，制备得到醇溶性N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
②量取100～1000份纯净水，加入步骤①制备的醇溶性N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液1份，边加边搅拌，制备得到N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐溶液。
本发明还提供了上述方案所述猕猴桃保鲜剂在猕猴桃中的应用：
①山梨酸钾溶液与N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液同时期喷施或先后喷施，所述先后喷施的间隔时间为10～30min；
②喷施时间选择采前0～3d内喷施；
③步骤②的喷施可选择晴天上午10点前，或晴天下午4点后进行，采收间隔1～2d进行；或是在连续1～2d晴天或阴天不下雨的情况下，选择在采收的晴天当天上午8～11点喷施，间隔3h后的下午采收；
④采收7～9成熟的猕猴桃；
⑤采收后，以1℃/小时的降温速度进行预冷至0℃，进入冷库零度保存。
优选的，所述步骤①的先后喷施的间隔时间为15min。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：利用本发明提供的猕猴桃保鲜剂对猕猴桃进行采前处理，一方面可以提高水果采前的优质果比例和猕猴桃品质，另一方面又能达到水果贮藏保鲜的要求，显著抑制致病微生物或致腐微生物，降低采后果实的软腐率和发病率，延长果实的保鲜期，而且保鲜效果明显优于常规的采后保鲜。
另外，本发明提供的猕猴桃保鲜剂中N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE或山梨酸钾不仅可以提高抑菌防腐能力，还可以提高猕猴桃的食用安全性，同时减缓猕猴桃感官品质和营养品质的下降，以延长货架期。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
(1)利用N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE配制成溶液，其中N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐的质量分数为0.06％。
(2)制备N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐溶液：
①量取1份N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐，溶解于100份纯乙醇中，制备成醇溶性N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
②量取100份纯净水，加入步骤①配制的醇溶性N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液1份，边加边搅拌，制备成N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐溶液；
并于晴天的上午8时，选取成熟度为7成的红阳猕猴桃种植园进行作业。作业人员配备防护服和护目镜，将月桂精氨酸酯溶液一次性喷施于猕猴桃表面，喷施作业全程所用时间为2小时；之后将作业人员和设备撤出，待果实表面的防腐剂被吸收，并且期间未出现降水，此步骤所用时间应为2.5小时；然后使用剪刀将猕猴桃剪下后暂放于容器中，作业人员需佩戴手套，采摘和暂放阶段要避免猕猴桃之间的碰撞和摩擦，作业人员需佩戴消毒后手套，手工操作将猕猴桃分级，并同时将伤果、坏果剔除；最后将猕猴桃移入冰翁库，以1℃/小时的降温速度进行预冷至0℃，时间为24小时；预冷后装筐移入冷库，筐上套不扎口塑料袋，码放整齐并为各筐在纵向和横向留出至少5cm间距；期间做好冷库管理，减少温度波动。每隔20天对贮藏的猕猴挑进行抽检，贮藏期至少为80天；待到60天时对抽检的猕猴桃进行贮藏品质和生化指标的测定。
实施例2
应用山梨酸钾配制质量分数为0.03％的山梨酸钾溶液。
(1)制备山梨酸钾溶液：
量取1000份纯净水，加入1份山梨酸钾，山梨酸钾溶液中山梨酸钾的质量分数为0.03％。
(2)田间喷施、采后处理、冷库贮藏及考查方法同实施例1。
实施例3
N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液与山梨酸钾溶液间隔喷施应用。
(1)配制N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液：
配制方法与实施例1相同，质量分数为0.01％。
(2)配制山梨酸钾溶液：
配制方法与实施例2相同，质量分数为0.2％。
(3)喷施的时间选择、喷施方法、喷施后处理等与实施例1相同。所不同的是采前喷施时，先喷施N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液，喷施结束15min后，再喷施山梨酸钾溶液。
以上实施例1～3试验处理的对照例(CK)均为喷清水，贮藏方法与实施例1～3相同，具体试验设计见表1。
表1试验设计
| 处理 | 采前第一次 |
| ① | 0～3d仅喷施LAE |
| ② | 0～3d仅喷施山梨酸钾 |
| ③ | 0～3d喷施LAE，间隔15min后喷施山梨酸钾 |
| CK | 喷清水 |
表2不同保鲜剂处理猕猴桃0℃贮藏条件下的腐烂率、品质与对照例比较
从表2的结果可以看出，各实施例的腐烂率均低于对照例，硬度和脆度均高于对照例。由色差亮度所代表的褐变抑制，各实施例也均优于对照例。代表果实抗氧化能力的DPPH自由基清除率，实施例1和实施例2优于对照例，实施例3与对照例相同。代表氧化损伤程度的丙二醛(MDA)指标，实施例1与实施例3低于对照例，实施例2与对照例相当。代表氧化应激水平的过氧化物酶(POD)指标，实施例2与实施例3低于对照例，而实施例1则高于对照例。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种猕猴桃采前喷施用保鲜剂，其特征在于，活性组分为N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液和山梨酸钾溶液；
所述N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE的质量分数为0.01～0.06％；
所述山梨酸钾溶液中山梨酸钾的质量分数为0.2％；
所述N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中溶剂为乙醇和水。
2.权利要求1所述猕猴桃保鲜剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备山梨酸钾溶液：量取100～1000份纯净水，取1份山梨酸钾，混合均匀，得到山梨酸钾溶液；
(2)制备N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液：
①制备醇溶性N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液：量取1份N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐，溶解于100份纯乙醇中，制备得到醇溶性N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
②量取100～1000份纯净水，加入步骤①制备的醇溶性N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液1份，边加边搅拌，制备得到N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐溶液。
3.权利要求1所述猕猴桃保鲜剂在猕猴桃中的应用：
①山梨酸钾溶液与N-α-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液同时期喷施或先后喷施，所述先后喷施的间隔时间为10～30min；
②喷施时间选择采前0～3d内喷施；
③步骤②的喷施选择晴天上午10点前，或晴天下午4点后进行，采收间隔1～2d进行；或是在连续1～2d晴天或阴天不下雨的情况下，选择在采收的晴天当天上午8～11点喷施，间隔3h后的下午采收；
④采收7～9成熟的猕猴桃；
⑤采收后，以1℃/小时的降温速度进行预冷至0℃，进入冷库零度保存。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，所述步骤①的先后喷施的间隔时间为15min。
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