CN108391722A - 一种果蔬保鲜剂及其制备与应用方法 - Google Patents
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- XJTMYVOVQZMMKX-KRWDZBQOSA-N ethyl (2s)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-(dodecanoylamino)pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OCC)CCCN=C(N)N XJTMYVOVQZMMKX-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical group [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 241001480007 Phomopsis Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种果蔬保鲜剂，其特征在于：包括活性成分为山梨酸钾或Nα‑月桂酰‑L‑精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液，还提供了一种配制果蔬保鲜剂的制备方法，其包括有如下步骤(1)制备水溶性山梨酸钾溶液；(2)制备醇溶性Nα‑月桂酰‑L‑精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐溶液；这两种喷施液均在采前0～3d喷施应用，可以单剂喷施，也可以同期间隔喷施。与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：本发明的果蔬保鲜剂对猕猴桃进行采前处理，提高对猕猴桃的食用安全性，同时减缓猕猴桃感官品质和营养品质的下降，以延长货架期。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及果蔬防腐剂的生产技术领域，具体涉及一种果蔬保鲜剂及其制备与应用方法。
背景技术
月桂精氨酸酯(LAE)是一种阳离子表面活性剂，结构式如附图1：LAE具有阳离子的头部和非极性的尾部，油水分布系数很低，能够在产品的水相中富集，水溶性好，特别在水基质的体系中有较强的抑菌效果且在pH3～7范围内化学性质稳定。LAE具有很强的抑菌能力，可作为食品级防腐剂使用，相关的毒性试验表明，LAE的低毒性的高抑菌活性使得其成为控制食品微生物的较好选择。
另外，食品防腐剂是一类有抑制腐败微生物生长的食品添加剂，其中还包括有苯甲酸钠，Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE，亚硝酸钠等，作为应用于食品之中的抑菌剂，食品防腐剂对安全性的要求更高，其对人体的毒性相较于常规的化学保鲜剂要温和。尤其是现在使用较普遍的食品防腐剂，如Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE，对人体具有很低的急性毒性，其长期摄入的安全性也已经被证实。为此，LAE 以及苯甲酸钠，Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE，亚硝酸钠等可作为防腐剂以用于多种食品及生鲜农产品中。
猕猴桃是一种在国内外有着广泛栽培的水果。因其优秀的口感和极高的营养价值，猕猴桃受到消费者们的广泛欢迎。然而猕猴桃在采后贮藏过程中，极易感染灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea),葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)以及拟茎点霉菌(Diaporthe actinidiae)等致腐菌，以及由于乙烯跃变导致的过熟会进一步加剧腐烂，给猕猴桃贮藏保鲜带来了很大的困难。为了改善猕猴桃在采后的耐贮藏性能，在采后使用保鲜剂进行浸泡或熏蒸是一种传统的处理方法，如二氧化氯，硫化氢，苯菌灵，戊唑醇等。这些保鲜剂对人体往往带有一定的毒害作用，有些本身就被作为农药使用，所以传统的保鲜剂处理往往伴随着猕猴桃产品安全风险的大大升高。
为此，现有技术中如一申请号为201710056593.7(公布号为CN106720267A)的中国发明专利申请提供了一种利用Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐和尼泊金甲酯钠混合的果蔬保鲜剂，达到协同增效作用，提高防腐能力，其提供了一种新的保鲜剂以及保鲜方法，但仍然还需要发掘筛选一些更好的保鲜剂以及保鲜方法，以提高猕猴桃的贮藏品质，延长猕猴桃的贮藏期(或货架期)，因此，如何利用上述的Nα-月桂酰 -L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐开发新的安全、高效、绿色的化学果蔬保鲜剂是目前市场所需的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的一个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状提供一种能达到良好保鲜效果的同时还能提高果蔬的食用安全性的果蔬保鲜剂。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状提供一种配制上述果蔬保鲜剂的制备方法。
本发明所要解决的又一个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状提供一种上述果蔬保鲜剂在猕猴桃中的应用。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为：该果蔬保鲜剂，其特征在于：包括有活性成分为山梨酸钾或Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液。
进一步地，所述Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐的质量分数为0.01～0.06％。
进一步地，所述山梨酸钾溶液中山梨酸钾提取物的质量分数为0.03～0.2％。
本发明为解决第二个技术问题提供了一种配制如上述的果蔬保鲜剂的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)制备山梨酸钾溶液；
量取100～1000份纯净水，取1份山梨酸钾，混匀成均匀的山梨酸钾水溶液；
(2)制备醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
①、量取1份月Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐，溶解于100份纯乙醇中，制备成醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
②、量取100～1000份纯净水，加入步骤c配制的醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液1份，边加边搅拌，制备成Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液。
本发明为解决第三个技术问题提供了上述的果蔬保鲜剂在猕猴桃中的应用，其特征在于：
①山梨酸钾溶液与Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液可以同时期喷施，先后喷施的间隔时间为10～30min；
②喷施时间可选择采前0～3d内喷施；
③步骤②的喷施可选择晴天上午10点前，或晴天下午4点后进行，采收间隔1～2d进行；或是在连续1～2d晴天或阴天不下雨的情况下，选择在采收的晴天当天上午8～11 点喷施，间隔3h后的下午采收；
④采收7～9成熟的猕猴桃；
⑤采收后，进入冷库零度保存。
优选地，所述步骤①的先后喷施的间隔时间为15min。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：本发明的果蔬保鲜剂对猕猴桃进行采前处理，一方面可提高水果采前的优质果比例和品质，另一方面又达到水果贮藏保鲜的要求，显著抑制致病微生物或致腐微生物的发生量，降低或减少采后果实的软腐率和发病率，延长果实的保鲜期，而且保鲜效果明显优于常规的采后保鲜；
另外，本发明果蔬保鲜剂中Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE或山梨酸钾达到提高抑菌防腐能力，提高对猕猴桃的食用安全性，同时减缓猕猴桃感官品质和营养品质的下降，以延长货架期。
附图说明
图1为发明中月桂精氨酸酯的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)利用Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE配合制成溶液，其中Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE的溶液中Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐的质量分数为 0.06％。
(2)制备醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
①量取1份月Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐，溶解于100份纯乙醇中，制备成醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
②量取100份纯净水，加入步骤c配制的醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液1份，边加边搅拌，制备成Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液；
并于晴天的上午8时，选取成熟度为7成的红阳猕猴桃种植园进行作业。作业人员在配备防护服和护目镜下，将月桂精氨酸酯溶液一次性喷施于猕猴桃表面。作业全程所用时间为2小时。之后将作业人员和设备撤出，待果实表面的防腐剂被吸收，期间未出现降水，此步骤时间应为2.5小时；然后使用剪刀将猕猴桃剪下后暂放于容器中，作业人员需佩戴手套，采摘和暂放阶段要避免猕猴桃之间的碰撞和摩擦，作业人员需佩戴消毒后手套情况下，手工操作将猕猴桃分级，并同时将伤果，坏果剔除。最后将猕猴桃移入冰翁库，在1℃/小时的降温速度下进行预冷至0℃，时间为24小时。预冷后装筐移入冷库，筐上套不扎口塑料袋，码放整齐并为各筐在纵向和横向流出至少5cm间距。期间做好冷库管理，减少温度波动，每隔20天对贮藏葡萄进行抽检，贮藏期至少为80天；待到60天时对抽检的猕猴桃进行贮藏品质和生化指标的测定。
实施例2
应用山梨酸钾配制质量分数为0.03％的山梨酸钾溶液。
(1)制备山梨酸钾溶液；
量取1000份纯净水，加入1份山梨酸钾，山梨酸钾溶液中山梨酸钾的质量分数为0.03％。
(2)田间喷施、采后处理、冷库贮藏、及考查方法同实施例1。
实施例3
Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE水溶液与山梨酸钾水溶液间隔喷施应用
(1)配制Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液
配制方法与实施例1相同，质量分数为0.01％。
(2)配制山梨酸钾溶液
配制方法与实施例2相同，质量分数为0.2％。
(3)喷施的时间选择、喷施方法、喷施后处理等与实施例1相同。所不同的是采前喷施时，先喷施Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE水溶液，喷施结束15min 后，再喷施山梨酸钾水溶液。
以上【实施例1～3】试验处理的对照(CK1)均为喷清水，贮藏方法与【实施例1～3】相同，具体试验设计见表1。
表1试验设计
| 处理 | 采前第一次 |
| ① | 0-3d仅喷施LAE |
| ② | 0-3d仅喷施山梨酸钾 |
| ③ | 0-3d喷施LAE，间隔15min后喷施山梨酸钾 |
| CK | 喷清水 |
表2不同保鲜剂处理猕猴桃0℃贮藏条件下的腐烂率、品质与对照比较
从表2的结果可以看出，各实例的各项指标如附表所示。其中各实例的腐烂率均低于对照。硬度和脆度均高于对照。由色差亮度所代表的褐变抑制，各实例也均优于对照。代表果实抗氧化能力的DPPH自由基清除率处理1和处理2优于对照，处理3 与对照相同。代表氧化损伤程度的丙二醛(MDA)指标实例1与处理3低于对照，处理2余对照相当。代表氧化应激水平的过氧化物酶(POD)指标来看，处理2与处理3少于对照，而处理1则高于对照。
Claims (6)
1.一种果蔬保鲜剂，其特征在于：包括有活性成分为山梨酸钾或Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬保鲜剂，其特征在于：所述Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液中Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐的质量分数为0.01～0.06％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬保鲜剂，其特征在于：所述山梨酸钾溶液中山梨酸钾提取物的质量分数为0.03～0.2％。
4.一种制备如权利要求1～3任意一项权利要求所述的果蔬保鲜剂的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)制备山梨酸钾溶液；
量取100～1000份纯净水，取1份山梨酸钾，混匀成均匀的山梨酸钾水溶液；
(2)制备醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
①量取1份Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐，溶解于100份纯乙醇中，制备成醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液；
②量取100～1000份纯净水，加入步骤c配制的醇溶性Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐母液1份，边加边搅拌，制备成Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐水溶液。
5.根据权利要求1～4任意一项权利要求所述的果蔬保鲜剂在猕猴桃中的应用。
①山梨酸钾溶液与Nα-月桂酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐LAE溶液可以同时期喷施，先后喷施的间隔时间为10～30min；②喷施时间可选择采前0～3d内喷施；
③步骤②的喷施选择晴天上午10点前，或晴天下午4点后进行，采收间隔1～2d进行；或是在连续1～2d晴天或阴天不下雨的情况下，选择在采收的晴天当天上午8～11点喷施，间隔3h后的下午采收；
④采收7～9成熟的猕猴桃；
⑤采收后，进入冷库零度保存。
6.根据权利要求5所述的果蔬保鲜剂在猕猴桃中的应用，其特征在于：所述步骤①的先后喷施的间隔时间为15min。
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