CN115152583A - Planting matrix for magnolia denudata - Google Patents
Planting matrix for magnolia denudata Download PDFInfo
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- CN115152583A CN115152583A CN202210594737.5A CN202210594737A CN115152583A CN 115152583 A CN115152583 A CN 115152583A CN 202210594737 A CN202210594737 A CN 202210594737A CN 115152583 A CN115152583 A CN 115152583A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
Abstract
The invention relates to a magnolia planting substrate, which is a mixture consisting of 10-50% of artificial organic aggregates, 27.9-67.9% of original soil, 20-30% of compost, 1-4% of compound fertilizer and 0.1-0.2% of desulfurized gypsum; the artificial organic aggregate comprises a sand-free concrete outer layer and an organic matter inner layer, the volume ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer is 2; the total porosity of the planting matrix of the magnolia is 57.04-63.98%, the ventilation aperture is 20.04-29.37%, and the pH value is 7-8. The planting substrate disclosed by the invention is simple in formula, and can solve the technical problems that the structure of the existing planting substrate cannot be matched with the growth requirement of magnolia, and the conditions of poor tree growth, root rot and the like are easily caused.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban road landscaping, and relates to a planting matrix for magnolia.
Background
Green soil of coastal cities represented by the sea above often has the following quality problems: the pH is alkaline or strongly alkaline; the conductivity (EC value) and the organic matter content are low; the soil density is higher, and 42.45 percent of the soil is more than 1.35 mg.m-3; the soil ventilation is poor, and 83.2% of the soil ventilation porosity is less than 5%. Soil quality is one of the main limiting factors for limiting the growth of plants in the green land of newly built Shanghai cities. If the growth of the trees is continuously restricted by the field environment, the tree vigor is reduced and the diseases and insect pests are caused. In particular, succulent root species are susceptible to lethal effects. Succulent root tree species have their own unique ecological characteristics such as: deep loam which is moist, drains water and has good air permeability is favored, and water damage is avoided most. The root system of magnolia represented by magnolia denudata is characterized by fleshy root and is not resistant to ponding. The root of the tree is seeped by water and other factors to inhibit the breathing of the root system, so that the root system of the plant can not absorb nutrients and water from the soil, and the plant is dehydrated and wilted and even rotten to die.
In addition, the pH value of the soil is in negative significant correlation with nitrogen and potassium in the soil, and the smaller the pH value is, the more beneficial the conversion and activation of the effectiveness of mineral nutrients are promoted, the alkaline environment of the soil around the rhizosphere is improved, and the absorption of the root system of the greening plant to the nutrients in the soil is also facilitated. Researches show that the main factors influencing the growth of the magnolia plants are the pH value of the soil and the air permeability of the soil. Magnoliaceae plants like acid soil, and the absorption of nutrient elements by root systems of the Magnoliaceae plants can be directly influenced by over high pH value, so that the growth and development of the plants are poor. Researches on the Yangren paniculate swallowwort root and the like find that the root system development of the Magnolia grandiflora is relatively good under the treatment of high soil water content, and the extension and thickening of the root system are beneficial to water absorption so as to meet a large amount of water required by the growth and development of each organ.
The prior art discloses planting substrates of magnolia denudata, for example, documents (analysis on influence and vector relation analysis of different formula soils on net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of 4 kinds of street tree leaves in Shanghai city [ J ]. Plant resource and environment academy, 2018,27 (01): 52-59.) disclose that a filling medium suitable for growth of magnolia denudata is a formula soil with 3 cm-grain diameter of a rock particle, 40% of mixed soil volume fraction and 80% of maximum field water holding capacity of soil relative water content, and although soil improved by the rock particle improves physicochemical property in a short time, the phenomenon of soil degradation gradually occurs, and the problems of hardening, physicochemical property reduction and even secondary salinization occur; patent CN106278631A discloses a magnolia denudata seedling cultivation matrix, which comprises the following components: 40-60% of straw, 10-30% of rice chaff ash, 10-30% of mushroom dregs, 5-15% of fly ash, 10-20% of compost soil and 5-10% of perlite, wherein the substrate is rich in nutrition, and solves the problems of single substrate formula and unfavorable development of root systems to a certain extent, but the used components are generally small in volume, the porosity is low and the pH value is not considered, in addition, the perlite can increase the air permeability of the planting substrate and improve the water holding capacity of a soil capillary, but the manufacturing cost is high, and the method is only suitable for small potted seedling culture; patent CN106171624A discloses a magnolia grandiflora planting matrix, the formula of which is: 30-50% of reed powder, 35-45% of yellow core soil, 5-15% of perlite and 5-20% of organic fertilizer, and 30-50 g of ground lycoris bulb and 80-150 g of egg shell powder are added into each cubic meter of planting matrix, the total porosity of the matrix is 51.89-53%, the soil ventilation property is good, but the used biomass raw material is complex to process, the preparation time at the early stage is long, and the requirement of convenient preparation is not met.
In summary, the traditional magnolia seedling cultivation matrix structure cannot be matched with the growth requirement of magnolia, and the situations of poor tree growth and root rot are easily caused, so that the development of a high-quality cultivation matrix suitable for magnolia seedling cultivation has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a magnolia planting substrate to solve the technical problems that the structure of the existing planting substrate cannot be matched with the growth requirement of magnolia, and the conditions of poor tree growth, root rot and the like are easily caused.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a planting substrate of magnolia denudata is a mixture consisting of artificial organic aggregates accounting for 10-50% of the volume, raw soil (namely common soil) accounting for 27.9-67.9% of the volume, compost accounting for 20-30% of the volume, compound fertilizer accounting for 1-4% of the volume and desulfurized gypsum accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the volume;
the functions of each component in the mixture are as follows: the artificial organic aggregate has the functions of improving the air permeability of the planting substrate and enhancing the trampling resistance of soil; the raw soil has the function of plant cultivation, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil can provide nutrients for plants; the compost has the functions of promoting the formation of a soil solid particle structure and increasing the water-retaining, heat-preserving, air-permeable and fertilizer-preserving capabilities of the soil; the compound fertilizer has the functions of promoting the growth of crops and has the advantages of high nutrient content, less side ingredients, good physical properties and the like; the desulfurized gypsum is used for adsorbing heavy metals and reducing the toxicity of the soil;
the artificial organic aggregate is an artificial organic aggregate structure suitable for soil improvement, is columnar in appearance, has a stable multi-stage porous structure, has excellent water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability, can be used as a product to be applied to various heavy soils to improve the air permeability of the soils, and comprises gravel, cement, water, a powder binder and composite fibers; specifically, the artificial organic pellet comprises a sand-free concrete outer layer and an organic matter inner layer, the volume ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer is 2; the artificial organic aggregate is made of cement which is easy to obtain and can be purchased, the cost is low, the air permeability of the planting matrix can be effectively ensured, in addition, the artificial organic aggregate has stronger bearing capacity, the structure damage caused by rolling the planting matrix can be effectively avoided, and a suitable growth environment can be provided for the magnolia;
the total porosity of the planting substrate of the magnolia is 57.04-63.98%, the ventilation pore is 20.04-29.37%, and the pH value is 7-8;
the total porosity of the planted matrix is mainly determined by the volume ratio of the artificial organic aggregates in the matrix, for example, when the volume ratio of the artificial organic aggregates is 10%, 30% and 50%, the total porosity of the planted matrix is 57.04%, 57.82% and 63.98%, respectively; the total porosity of the planting substrate also depends on the volume ratio of the compost in the substrate, and soil hardening and poor air permeability are often caused by insufficient or excessive organic matters in the soil, so that the application of organic fertilizer is an important measure for improving the air permeability of the soil and changing the soil property, and the compost is a common organic fertilizer;
in the study of michelia media which is also magnolia shrub (screening study of michelia media in seedling stage of Guangdong Miao [ J ]. Guangdong agricultural science, 2019,46 (07): 38-45.DOI 10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2019.07.006.), the total porosity in various media formulas is 35.93% -54.44%, the planting media containing the artificial organic aggregate are not suitable for the growth of magnolia as the planting media containing the artificial organic aggregate are, and the pH value of the artificial organic aggregate is more suitable for the planting of magnolia than the media with most weak acidity;
the method for testing the total porosity, the ventilation pore and the pH value is disclosed in the reference literature (Pusheng Hai, von Guangping, libang, zhang Sheng, sunxiang Jun, ding Feng.) the method for determining the physicochemical properties of the soilless cultivation substrate and the application research thereof [ J ]. Sinkiang agricultural science, 2012,49 (02): 267-272.).
As a preferable technical scheme:
the magnolia planting substrate has the soil water content of 26.92-35.04% and the total nitrogen content of 0.90-1.20 g/kg; the determination method of the soil water content is carried out according to the reference literature (Pushenghai, von Guangping, libang, zhang Sheng, sunxuojun, ding Feng.) the determination method of the physicochemical properties of the soilless cultivation substrate and the application research thereof [ J ]. Sinkiang agricultural science, 2012,49 (02): 267-272.), the determination of the soil water content requires weighing and sampling the formulated soil, putting the sample into a drying box, drying the sample for 6h at a constant temperature of 105 ℃ to a constant weight, weighing the dried sample again, and the determination method of the soil water content = (original soil weight-dried soil weight)/dried soil weight x 100 percent and the determination method of the soil total nitrogen content is a half-trace Kelvin method.
The planting substrate of the magnolia denudata is characterized in that the volume percentage of the artificial organic aggregates is 50%; when the volume percentage of the artificial organic aggregates is within 10% to 50%, the total porosity is good in view of physical indexes of soil, but the growth amount of magnolia corresponding to a substrate in which the volume percentage of the artificial organic aggregates is 50% is the best in view of the growth amount of the ground diameter and the growth amount of the plant height of magnolia.
The planting substrate for the magnolia is a mixture consisting of 50% of artificial organic aggregates, 27.9% of original soil, 20% of compost, 2% of compound fertilizer and 0.1% of desulfurized gypsum.
The planting substrate of the magnolia denudata is characterized in that the volume of the artificial organic aggregate is 15.5cm 3 The artificial organic aggregate can effectively improve the porosity of the planting matrix, thereby being beneficial to the respiration of the root system of the magnolia and the absorption of water and fertilizer.
The planting substrate for the magnolia denudata is characterized in that the original soil is 0-30 cm away from the ground surface.
The planting substrate for the magnolia denudata is obtained by fermenting and decomposing plant wastes, wherein the plant wastes comprise dead branches and fallen leaves, garden waste plants or plant straws. The invention utilizes the plant wastes, not only solves the problem of treating the plant wastes such as urban dry branches and fallen leaves, but also can fully utilize the plant wastes as fertilizers, thereby realizing the effect of high-efficiency cyclic utilization and improving the utilization efficiency of resources in an urban ecological system. The planting substrate consisting of the raw soil and the compost has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, lower cost, better adaptability to the common ground, capability of reducing the cost for constructing a city greening ecological system, and higher economic benefit and environmental benefit.
According to the planting substrate for the magnolia denudata, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 57wt%, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen to the phosphorus to the potassium is 1.
The preparation method of the magnolia planting substrate comprises the following specific processes: preparing materials used for preparing the planting substrate, including artificial organic aggregates, raw soil, compost, compound fertilizer and desulfurized gypsum, and then uniformly mixing all the components according to a set proportion, wherein the step can be realized by using a shovel to shovel soil back and forth; when in use, the uniformly mixed planting matrix is put into a planting belt, and seedlings are put into the planting belt.
Has the advantages that:
the ideal planting substrate is breathable, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and stability, is suitable for pH value, can support the root system of the plant, and is low in cost. The artificial organic aggregate is creatively used, has stable physical property, can bear 7.29KN through a pressure test, has stable structure, can improve the air permeability of soil for a long time, has simple manufacturing process, uses industrial waste cement as a raw material, and is more environment-friendly and economical compared with non-renewable matrix resources such as peat and the like. The invention adjusts the structure of the planting substrate, so that the root system of the magnolia can grow healthily. The traditional matrix formula improves the air permeability of soil by adding the limestone grains and the like, but does not improve the pH value of plant rhizosphere soil, and cannot improve the soil stably for a long time, the total salt content of the coconut husk matrix is 0.628%, the EC value is 1190mS/cm, which is far beyond the tolerance range of a plant root system, so that salt damage is easily caused to the plant, and the traditional matrix formula is very unfavorable for the growth of the magnolia plant. Therefore, the formula is a special formula for magnolia plants, can meet the requirement of long-acting sustainable healthy growth of the magnolia plants, can prevent quality degradation of physical properties of soil to a great extent, and reduces the times and cost of replacement and improvement.
In the planting matrix of the magnolia provided by the invention, the artificial organic aggregates can effectively ensure the porosity of the planting matrix, so that the respiration of the root system of the magnolia and the absorption of water and fertilizer are facilitated, and the planting matrix can provide certain nutrients for the magnolia; because the proportion of the artificial organic aggregates and the planting substrate is proper, a proper growth environment can be provided for the magnolia through the matching of the artificial organic aggregates and the planting substrate, the healthy growth of the magnolia is effectively ensured, and the service function of an urban ecological system is exerted for a long time.
The planting substrate can solve the technical problems that the structure of the existing planting substrate cannot be matched with the growth requirement of magnolia, and the conditions of poor tree growth, root rot and the like are easily caused; the planting substrate provided by the invention can be used for raising seedlings, the survival rate of magnolia seedlings can be improved, the ground diameter is increased, and the seedlings have developed root systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the cultivation state of Magnolia asteroides of a treatment group 3 corresponding to a planting substrate in a third embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the amount of radial growth of three examples, and the initial value is an average value of the respective examples.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example one
A planting substrate of magnolia stellata is a mixture consisting of artificial organic aggregates accounting for 10% of the volume, raw soil accounting for 67.9% of the volume, compost accounting for 20% of the volume, compound fertilizer accounting for 2% of the volume and desulfurized gypsum accounting for 0.1% of the volume;
the artificial organic granules comprise an outer sand-free concrete layer and an inner organic matter layer, the volume ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer is 2The cement mortar comprises gravel, cement, water, powder binder and composite fiber in a mass ratio of 15; the volume of the artificial organic granules was 15.5cm 3 A/one; the artificial organic aggregate is specifically an artificial organic aggregate disclosed in patent CN111548799A 'an artificial organic aggregate structure suitable for soil improvement';
the original soil is 0-30 cm away from the earth surface;
the compost is obtained by fermenting and decomposing plant wastes, wherein the plant wastes comprise dead branches and fallen leaves, garden waste plants or plant straws;
the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 57wt%, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1;
the total porosity of the planting substrate of the magnolia sieboldii is 57.04%, the ventilation pore is 20.04%, the pH value is 7.61, the water content of the soil is 35.04%, and the total nitrogen content is 0.90g/kg.
Example two
A planting substrate of magnolia sieboldii is a mixture consisting of 30 percent of artificial organic aggregates, 47.9 percent of original soil, 20 percent of compost, 2 percent of compound fertilizer and 0.1 percent of desulfurized gypsum;
the artificial organic aggregate comprises a sand-free concrete outer layer and an organic matter inner layer, the volume ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer is 2; the volume of the artificial organic granules was 15.5cm 3 A/one; the artificial organic aggregate is specifically the artificial organic aggregate disclosed in patent CN111548799A 'an artificial organic aggregate structure suitable for soil improvement';
the original soil is 0-30 cm away from the earth surface;
the compost is obtained by fermenting and decomposing plant wastes, wherein the plant wastes comprise dead branches and fallen leaves, garden waste plants or plant straws;
the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 57wt%, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1;
the planting substrate of the magnolia sieboldii has the total porosity of 57.82%, the ventilation pore of 25.56%, the pH value of 7.71, the soil water content of 26.92% and the total nitrogen content of 1.02g/kg.
EXAMPLE III
A planting substrate of magnolia sieboldii is a mixture consisting of 50 percent of artificial organic aggregates, 27.9 percent of original soil, 20 percent of compost, 2 percent of compound fertilizer and 0.1 percent of desulfurized gypsum;
the artificial organic aggregate comprises a sand-free concrete outer layer and an organic matter inner layer, the volume ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer is 2; the volume of the artificial organic granules was 15.5cm 3 A/one; the artificial organic aggregate is specifically the artificial organic aggregate disclosed in patent CN111548799A 'an artificial organic aggregate structure suitable for soil improvement';
the original soil is 0-30 cm away from the earth surface;
the compost is obtained by fermenting and decomposing plant wastes, wherein the plant wastes comprise dead branches and fallen leaves, garden waste plants or plant straws;
the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 57wt%, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1;
the planting substrate of the magnolia sieboldii has the total porosity of 63.98 percent, the ventilation pore of 29.37 percent, the pH value of 7.86, the water content of the soil of 31.52 percent and the total nitrogen content of 1.20g/kg.
Taking the Shangxian university Shanghai teachnology as an example, 15 magnolia stellata planted in a campus is selected as an experimental object, and comparison verification is carried out by measuring the height and the ground diameter of a tree growing for one year.
The growth of 15 magnolia liliiflora is basically consistent, the magnolia liliiflora grows for 3 years, the average height of the seedlings is 59.80cm, and the average ground diameter is 18.42mm.
15 magnolia sieboldii plants were randomly divided into 3 groups, each group corresponding to the planting substrate of example one, example two and example threeAll set up 5 parallel processes. Planting medium is filled in planting bags with the diameter of 50cm and the height of 50cm, and the volume of the planting medium in each planting bag is 0.05m 3 And planting 1 plant, wherein the cultivation state of the magnolia sieboldii of the treatment group 3 corresponding to the planting matrix of the third embodiment is shown in figure 1, the water needs to be irrigated for the first transplantation, and the irrigation mode is 'see dry see wet', and is 3-5 days. The test is carried out outdoors, the placing distance of the planting bags is about 50cm from front to back and from left to right, and the test time is one year.
After the test is finished, the seedling height and the ground diameter of the magnolia sieboldii in each group are respectively measured and used for explaining the phenotype growth condition.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, in the treatment groups corresponding to the examples, the height and the ground diameter of the seedlings in the treatment group 3 both reached the maximum values, indicating that the effect of the planting matrix on the height and the ground diameter of the overground part of the magnolia sieboldii is consistent. The influence of the overground part and the underground part of the plant is synchronous, and the phenomenon is related to a coordination mechanism of the overground part and the underground part of the nursery stock, so that the planting substrate can improve the root system activity of the magnolia and effectively ensure the healthy growth of the magnolia.
In the treatment groups corresponding to the examples, the annual growth rate of the land diameter of the treatment group 3 was significantly larger than that of the treatment group 2, and the test results are shown in fig. 2.
Claims (9)
1. A planting substrate of magnolia is characterized in that the planting substrate is a mixture composed of artificial organic aggregates accounting for 10% -50% of the volume, raw soil accounting for 27.9% -67.9% of the volume, compost accounting for 20% -30% of the volume, compound fertilizer accounting for 1% -4% of the volume and desulfurized gypsum accounting for 0.1% -0.2% of the volume;
the artificial organic aggregate comprises a sand-free concrete outer layer and an organic matter inner layer, the volume ratio of the inner layer to the outer layer is 2;
the total porosity of the planting matrix of the magnolia is 57.04-63.98%, the ventilation aperture is 20.04-29.37%, and the pH value is 7-8.
2. The magnolia planting substrate according to claim 1, wherein the magnolia planting substrate has a soil moisture content of 26.92% to 35.04% and a total nitrogen content of 0.90g/kg to 1.20g/kg.
3. The planting substrate for magnolia according to claim 2, wherein the volume percentage of the artificial organic granules is 50%.
4. The planting substrate of magnolia as claimed in claim 3, wherein the planting substrate of magnolia is a mixture of 50% by volume of artificial organic aggregates, 27.9% by volume of raw soil, 20% by volume of compost, 2% by volume of compound fertilizer, and 0.1% by volume of desulfurized gypsum.
5. The planting substrate of magnolia as claimed in claim 4, wherein the volume of the artificial organic granules is 15.5cm 3 A/one.
6. The planting substrate for magnolia according to claim 2, wherein the raw soil is a soil 0 to 30cm from the ground surface.
7. The planting substrate for magnolia according to claim 6, wherein the raw soil is a soil 0 to 20cm from the ground surface.
8. The planting substrate for magnolia according to claim 2, wherein the compost is obtained by fermenting and decomposing plant wastes, wherein the plant wastes comprise dead branches and fallen leaves, garden waste plants or plant straws.
9. The planting substrate for magnolia according to claim 2, wherein the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 57wt%, and the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1.
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