CN102585835A - Soil water-retaining agent prepared by using carbonized product of crop straws - Google Patents
Soil water-retaining agent prepared by using carbonized product of crop straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN102585835A CN102585835A CN2011104573901A CN201110457390A CN102585835A CN 102585835 A CN102585835 A CN 102585835A CN 2011104573901 A CN2011104573901 A CN 2011104573901A CN 201110457390 A CN201110457390 A CN 201110457390A CN 102585835 A CN102585835 A CN 102585835A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil water-retaining agent prepared by using a carbonized product of crop straws. The soil water-retaining agent is characterized by comprising the carbonized product of crop straws and PAM (polyacrylamide); and the weight ratio of PAM to biochar is 1: 10-2: 10. The crop straws are rice husk or straws of wheat, corn, sorghum or soybean. A preparation method comprises the following steps of: grinding a biochar product obtained by carbonization of crop straws, screening by a 60-mesh sieve, adding water and mixing uniformly, adding PAM and mixing uniformly, drying till the moisture content is 10%-30%, taking out and cutting into small blocks with length about 0.3-0.5 cm and width about 0.3-0.5cm; and then drying till the weight is constant, and obtaining the water-retaining agent. The water-retaining agent can be used for slowing down spontaneous evaporation of soil moisture and improving content of soil moisture, thereby being applicable to keeping and increasing moisture of farmland soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biological black wood charcoal water-holding agent that biomass carbonated product of agricultural wastes and SEPIGEL 305 (PAM) process jointly and preparation method thereof that utilizes; Be mainly used in the water-holding power that improves dryland soil; Solution or alleviation belong to agriculture water conservation technical field owing to the agriculture underproduction problem that arid causes.
Technical background
In northern China, mostly the farmland is the arid and semi-arid area, serious water shortage, and yield-power is low; There is following problem in field irrigation: the water saving irrigation theory is not popularized; Irrigation water use is big, takies 70% of water inventory; The irrigation cost is high, and utilization coefficient is low, is merely 0.3-0.4, and there is a big difference with the 0.7-0.9 of developed country, therefore urgently needs to improve irrigation water utilising efficiency, development preserving soil moisture water saving measures.
China is an agriculture prodn big country, and stalk is the main sub product of agriculture prodn, and China's stalk ultimate production reached 800,000,000 tons in 2005, and by being burned, polluted air becomes the important source of greenhouse gases again more than 40%.In recent years; The big production technique of China's agricultural wastes biomass through pyrolysis charing is ripe, and the product of straw thermal cracking is gaseous state biological flue gas, solid-state biological black wood charcoal and liquid wood vinegar, and wherein biological black wood charcoal has bigger specific surface area; Porosity is high; The characteristics that water storage property is strong, but because the organic substance of biological black wood charcoal contains hydrophobic group more, so water retention is limited.If biological black wood charcoal is used for agricultural land soil water storage water conservation aspect, need be to biological black wood charcoal through hydrophilically modified.
SEPIGEL 305 (PAM) belongs to the surface-treated material; Can increase soil aggregation property after using soil; The stable soil structure prevents soil loss and to suppress effects, particularly water retention capacity such as soil water evaporation and preserve moisture and fertility extremely strong; But the PAM cost is high, has limited its generally use in agricultural.
Summary of the invention
The water-loss reducer of soil that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of carbonizing production that utilizes agricultural crop straw to process through the biological black wood charcoal that SEPIGEL 305 modification agricultural stalk thermo-cracking obtains, can improve the water retention capacity of dryland soil, reduces the cost of water-holding agent.
In order to realize above-mentioned goal of the invention; The present invention has adopted following technical scheme: the water-loss reducer of soil that a kind of carbonizing production that utilizes agricultural crop straw is processed; It is characterized in that comprising the biological black wood charcoal and the PAM of agricultural crop straw charing acquisition, biological black wood charcoal weight ratio=1:10-2:10 that PAM and agricultural crop straw charing obtain.
The preparation method of the water-loss reducer of soil that a kind of carbonizing production that utilizes agricultural crop straw is processed is characterized in that biological black wood charcoal that the agricultural crop straw charing is obtained, crosses 60 mesh sieves; Add water; Mix, add PAM, mix; Drying by the fire to water ratio is that 10%-30% takes out, and is cut into the fragment of each about 0.3-0.5cm of length and width; Be dried to constant weight then, promptly obtain water-holding agent.Said agricultural crop straw is wheat, corn, rice husk, Chinese sorghum or soybean stalk raw material.
PAM has high water-absorbent, water-retentivity and surface bonding ability, and degradable; Biological black wood charcoal is remarkable through the water-holding agent water conservation effect that the PAM modification makes, and can reduce moisture evaporation, increases soil moisture content, plays the agricultural land soil water retention; And it is stable organic for biological black wood charcoal, can improve soil organic matter content fast.The water-holding agent that the present invention obtains is different from the powdered biological black wood charcoal, and outward appearance is graininess, and is loose porous, and specific surface area is big, higher water-holding power is arranged, and easy to use.The PAM ratio is big more in the modification biological black wood charcoal goods, and its water retention capacity is also strong more, can be through increasing the requirement that amount of application reaches the moisture content that improves soil.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The water-loss reducer of soil that utilizes the carbonizing production of agricultural crop straw to process is got 100g and is crossed the biological black wood charcoal (Shang Qiu San Li New Energy Co., Ltd.) that the agricultural crop straw charing in 60 mesh sieve holes obtains, and adds water 65mL; Mix; Add 10g PAM (available from Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group, model MW1000 ten thousand), mix; Drying by the fire to water ratio is that 10%-30% can take out, and is cut into the fragment of each about 0.3-0.5cm of length and width; Be dried to constant weight then, promptly obtain water-holding agent.Said agricultural crop straw is wheat, corn, rice husk, Chinese sorghum or soybean stalk raw material.
Embodiment 2
The water-loss reducer of soil that utilizes the carbonizing production of agricultural crop straw to process; Get the biological black wood charcoal that 100g crosses the agricultural crop straw charing acquisition in 60 mesh sieve holes, add water 70mL, mix; Add 15g PAM; Mix, drying by the fire to water ratio is 10%-30% can take out, and is cut into the fragment of each about 0.3-0.5cm of length and width; Be dried to constant weight then, promptly obtain water-holding agent.Said agricultural crop straw is wheat, corn, rice husk, Chinese sorghum or soybean stalk raw material.
Embodiment 3
The content that is different from embodiment 1 is to get the biological black wood charcoal that 100g crosses 60 mesh sieve holes, adds water 75mL, and the PAM quality is 20g.
The water-holding agent that embodiment 4 embodiment 1-3 make is to the influence experiment of indoor soil water evaporation
Control group does not apply water-holding agent;
Sample sets applies the water-holding agent that embodiment 1-3 makes, consumption 3%;
Experimentation: claim that 50g crosses 10 purpose wind desiceted soils in container, be divided into 2 groups, be respectively control group, sample sets, soil with apply the material mixing after in each cup, add 30mL zero(ppm) water, write down just and whenever weighed once 2 weeks of Therapy lasted at a distance from 12 hours behind the starting weight.
Presentation of results: compare with control group; Use the water-holding agent of embodiment 1,2,3; Can reduce soil water evaporation 8.66g/100g soil respectively, 10.42g/100g is native, 7.98g/100g is native, the reduction amplitude is respectively 8.66%, 10.42%, 7.98%, all can significantly reduce soil water evaporation; Explain that the water-holding agent that applies embodiment 1-3 can improve the water retention capacity of soil, reaches the effect that is significantly higher than control group.
The water-holding agent water-retaining capacity that embodiment 5 embodiment 1-3 make is investigated
The water-holding agent 5g that takes by weighing embodiment 1,2,3 respectively places beaker; Each adds 100mL zero(ppm) water; Filter with 400 purpose nylon mesh behind the suction 24h; (it is dried to guarantee that unnecessary water leaks) weighs after 1 hour, calculates the suction multiple (the gram number that every gram water-holding agent absorbs moisture is the suction multiple) of every gram water-holding agent.
The suction multiple of the water-holding agent of embodiment 1,2,3 is respectively 2.32 ± 0.18,6.39 ± 0.06,8.18 ± 0.21, and the suction multiple is along with the ratio of PAM in water-holding agent improves and improve.
Embodiment 6 different fertilizer solution are to the influence of the water-holding agent water-retaining capacity of embodiment 1-3
Get the water-holding agent 5g of embodiment 1,2,3 respectively; Add in the beaker; In beaker, add 100mL A, B, three kinds of fertilizer solution: A of C: urea 0.01mol/L, B: monocalcium phosphate 0.01mol/L, C: vitriolate of tartar 0.01mol/L; Filter with 400 purpose nylon mesh behind the 24h, (it is dried to guarantee that unnecessary water leaks) weighs after 1 hour, calculates the suction multiple of every gram water-holding agent.
Presentation of results: urea soln does not have the significance influence to the water-retaining capacity of the water-holding agent of embodiment 1 and 2, and the suction multiple significance of the water-holding agent goods of embodiment 3 in urea soln increases; Monocalcium phosphate and potassium sulfate solution have then significantly reduced the water-retaining capacity to the water-holding agent of embodiment 1-3, and the influence of biphosphate calcium solution is bigger.
It is thus clear that the existence of effects of ion can reduce the water-retaining capacity of water-holding agent of the present invention, and along with the increase water-retaining capacity of ion valence mumber descends; This is because the water-retaining capacity of PAM is caused by the influence of ionic type, in the water-holding agent PAM content more many influenced big more; Therefore need consider the type that fertilizer is used actual when applying water-holding agent of the present invention, reduce the influence of fertilizer as far as possible water retention capacity.
The water-holding agent of embodiment 7 embodiment 1 is tested the influence that seedling stage, corn growth and soil moisture kept
Control group is not apply water-holding agent only to apply fertilizer, and the applying fertilizer amount is N 0.1g/kg soil, P
2O
50.1g/kg soil, K
2O 0.1g/kg soil;
Sample sets applies the water-holding agent and the fertilizer of embodiment 1 preparation, and the amount of application of water-holding agent is 2.5%, 5% (being equivalent to wind desiceted soil weight), two levels, and the applying fertilizer amount is N 0.1g/kg soil, P
2O
50.1g/kg soil, K
2O 0.1g/kg soil;
Concrete operations are to take by weighing 10 purpose wind desiceted soil 1.5kg in the plastic tub alms bowl; Requirement according to each group applies material; Mixing installs the back and in each plastic tub alms bowl, adds 600mL zero(ppm) water, and the every basin in back overnight is broadcast 4 corn seeds, waits and stays the similar maize seedling of 2 strain growing ways after emerging; The basin alms bowl is moved on in the booth water cut of results and mensuration maize seedling economical character (plant height, leaf area, living weight, root system number and root are heavy) and potting soil after 20 days.The maize seedling growing period will carry out water management; Specific practice is through weighting method and estimates the wet degree of potted plant Soil Dried and water; Time is 2 days intervals, and the 200mL/ basin that at every turn waters runs into rainy day or cloudy day then to water water spacer and be longer than 2 days; Move on to booth to gathering in the crops the totally 800 mL/ basins that water altogether 4 times from the basin alms bowl, the result sees shown in the table 1.
Table 1 different treatment is to the result that influences of each growth indexes of maize seedling
Annotate: carried out significance test of difference with column data in the his-and-hers watches, institute's choosing method is the LSD method, and wherein different lowercase a, b, c represent treatment group differences significantly (P=0.05), and the numeric representation mode is " mean+SD ", n=3.
From the visible maize seedling leaf area index aspect of table 1, the leaf of Semen Maydis area average out to 102.67cm of control group
2, the maize seedling leaf area of sample sets 2.5% level is 115.02cm
2, increased by 12.35 cm than control group
2, do not have significant difference between the leaf area of both maize seedlings;
Maize seedling dry-matter gross weight aspect, control group dry-matter gross weight average out to 2.97g/ basin, the dry-matter gross weight average out to 3.40g/ basin of sample sets 2.5% level has increased by 0.43 g/ basin, does not have significant difference between the dry-matter gross weight of both maize seedlings;
Potting soil water-content indicator aspect, the potting soil water cut average out to 23.63% of control group potting soil water cut average out to 15.31%, 2.5% level is compared with contrast and have been improved 8.32%, significantly improves the water cut of potted plant soil.Compare with control group; The potting soil water cut of sample sets 5% level has increased by 22.21%; But the total weight average of leaf area and dry-matter is lower than control group, explain to apply the water cut that high-caliber water-holding agent can significantly improve potted plant soil, but excess moisture meeting influence aeration of the soil situation; The respiration that suppresses crop root, thereby the growth of inhibition crop.
Because the maize seedling leaf area influences the transpiration of plant, thereby influence photosynthesis of plants, leaf area is big more, explains that maize seedling looks good more, but because the caused soil moisture loss of plant transpiration effect is also just many more.Maize seedling grows fine after applying the water-holding agent of 2.5% embodiment of the invention 1, simultaneously since the loss of transpiration soil moisture increase relatively, but basic fair with control group.Comprehensively, water-holding agent of the present invention can significantly improve the water retention capacity of soil, but after surpassing certain amount of application, because the phenomenon of plant growth too much can appear suppressing in soil water content.
Claims (5)
1. water-loss reducer of soil that the carbonizing production that utilizes agricultural crop straw is processed is characterized in that the biological black wood charcoal and the PAM that comprise that the agricultural crop straw charing obtains, the biological black wood charcoal weight ratio=1:10-2:10 of PAM and agricultural crop straw charing acquisition.
2. the water-loss reducer of soil that the carbonizing production that utilizes agricultural crop straw according to claim 1 is processed is characterized in that said agricultural crop straw is wheat, corn, rice husk, Chinese sorghum or soybean stalk.
3. the preparation method of the water-loss reducer of soil processed of a carbonizing production that utilizes agricultural crop straw; It is characterized in that the biological black wood charcoal that the agricultural crop straw charing obtains is pulverized, sieved, add water, mix; Add PAM; Mix, drying by the fire to water ratio is that 10%-30% takes out, and is cut into the fragment of each about 0.3-0.5cm of length and width; Be dried to constant weight then, promptly obtain water-holding agent.
4. the preparation method of the water-loss reducer of soil that the carbonizing production that utilizes agricultural crop straw according to claim 2 is processed is characterized in that said agricultural crop straw is wheat, corn, rice husk, Chinese sorghum or soybean stalk.
5. the preparation method of the water-loss reducer of soil that the carbonizing production that utilizes agricultural crop straw according to claim 2 is processed is characterized in that biological black wood charcoal is crossed 60 mesh sieves.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015143028A1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-24 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Plant growth media |
| CN105061698A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Preparation method of rice husk char based water-retaining agent |
| CN105131208A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-12-09 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Rice husk carbon-based water retention agent preparation method and rice husk carbon-based water retention agent |
| CN105237094A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏振宇环保科技有限公司 | Steppe soil moisture retention enhancing material preparation method |
| CN105461479A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-06 | 山东泰然新能源有限公司 | Biomass fertilizer for improving soil and preparation method |
| CN109095614A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-28 | 浙江大学 | The biological floating bed and its matrix and preparation method prepared by biomass carbon source |
| CN111826164A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-10-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Mixed biological powder and method for reducing soil moisture evaporation |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101429062A (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-13 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Multifunctional additive for greening seedling growth substrate |
-
2011
- 2011-12-31 CN CN2011104573901A patent/CN102585835A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101429062A (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-13 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Multifunctional additive for greening seedling growth substrate |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015143028A1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-09-24 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Plant growth media |
| CN105461479A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-06 | 山东泰然新能源有限公司 | Biomass fertilizer for improving soil and preparation method |
| CN105061698A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Preparation method of rice husk char based water-retaining agent |
| CN105131208A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-12-09 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Rice husk carbon-based water retention agent preparation method and rice husk carbon-based water retention agent |
| CN105061698B (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-06-12 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | A kind of preparation method of rice hull carbon base water-retaining agent |
| CN105237094A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏振宇环保科技有限公司 | Steppe soil moisture retention enhancing material preparation method |
| CN109095614A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-28 | 浙江大学 | The biological floating bed and its matrix and preparation method prepared by biomass carbon source |
| CN111826164A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-10-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Mixed biological powder and method for reducing soil moisture evaporation |
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Application publication date: 20120718 |