CN113785751A - Bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113785751A CN113785751A CN202111041579.2A CN202111041579A CN113785751A CN 113785751 A CN113785751 A CN 113785751A CN 202111041579 A CN202111041579 A CN 202111041579A CN 113785751 A CN113785751 A CN 113785751A
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of garden agriculture, and comprising a first medium, a second medium and a third medium, wherein the first medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of leaf mold, 8-18 parts of coal cinder, 1-10 parts of sawdust and 0-10 parts of peanut shell; the second substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-70 parts of plant ash, 1-10 parts of rooting powder and 0.1-2 parts of anti-hardening agent; the third matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of compost sludge and 10-20 parts of multielement composite water-soluble fertilizer; the invention adopts various substrate combinations on the soil substrate for planting, can provide good growth conditions for the cultivation of bougainvillea spectabilis, and provides the cultivation survival rate and the overall effect of the bougainvillea spectabilis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garden agriculture, in particular to a bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Bougainvillea spectabilis, also known as phyllanthus niveus, is a vine-like shrub of the genus phyllanthus of the family Mirabilis. Thick stem, drooping branches, no hair or loose hair; thorns grow at the armpits and grow 5-15 mm. The leaves are paper, ovoid or ovoid, are coated with needles, and are favored in warm and humid climates, cold-resistance and sufficient light. The variety is various, the plant adaptability is strong, the plant can be widely distributed in southern areas, and the plant can be cultivated in cold northern areas. The flowering period of bougainvillea spectabilis is generally from October of the current year to June of the next year, the bract of the cotyledon malabarica is large, the color is bright like a flower, the duration is long, the bougainvillea spectabilis has good flower viewing value, and the bougainvillea spectabilis is one of the plant varieties which are usually planted in gardening and horticulture.
The method for planting bougainvillea spectabilis generally: under natural conditions, sufficient water and fertilizer are supplied to ensure the nutrient supply in the growth process of bougainvillea spectabilis, and diseased branch and residual branches are properly trimmed; the bougainvillea spectabilis is in the vigorous growth period of 4-10 months, the bougainvillea spectabilis blossoms in 11-12 months, and the flowering period is generally 2-3 months. However, with the increase of market demand, the bougainvillea spectabilis planted according to the method results in short supply time of the bougainvillea spectabilis, and particularly during 6-11 months per year, the supply amount of the bougainvillea spectabilis is seriously reduced, and the bougainvillea spectabilis is short in supply.
The prior art mainly adopts cuttage and high-pressure propagation technology for bougainvillea spectabilis cultivation, the cultivation medium generally adopts conventional medium, and the cultivation survival rate and the whole effect of bougainvillea spectabilis are not good.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium comprises a first medium, a second medium and a third medium, wherein the first medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of leaf mold, 8-18 parts of coal cinder, 1-10 parts of sawdust and 0-10 parts of peanut shell; the second substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-70 parts of plant ash, 1-10 parts of rooting powder and 0.1-2 parts of anti-hardening agent; the third matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of compost sludge and 10-20 parts of multi-element composite water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the first matrix to the second matrix to the third matrix is 3: (1-3): (1-2).
Preferably, the preparation method of the compost sludge comprises the following steps:
dewatering the settled sludge to obtain dewatered sludge with water content of 60-75% and organic matter dry basis content of 25-50%, adding a conditioner, and mixing, wherein the conditioner and the dewatered sludge are in a weight ratio of (3-8): 10, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-35 to obtain a mixed material, adding the composite microbial inoculum A according to 1-5% of the mass of the mixed material, fully mixing, and then performing stacking fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 0.4-1.0m, and the ventilation quantity is kept at 0.05-1.00m3/min·m3When the core temperature of the fermentation pile rises to 45-55 ℃, spreading a layer of composite microbial inoculum B on the surface of the fermentation pile, and continuously piling until the temperature of the fermentation pile is consistent with the ambient temperature to prepare the compost sludge;
wherein, the conditioner consists of corn straws, wood chips and an ammonia nitrogen absorbent.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the corn straws, the wood chips and the ammonia nitrogen absorbent in the conditioner is 1: (1-2): (1-2).
Preferably, the composite microbial inoculum A is one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Preferably, the compound microbial inoculum B is one or more of paracoccus denitrificans, azotobacter chroococcum and trichoderma viride.
Preferably, the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen absorbent comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing biphenyl-3, 3',5,5' -tetracarboxylic acid and aluminum trichloride, dissolving the biphenyl-3, 3',5,5' -tetracarboxylic acid and aluminum trichloride in 1-2 wt.% hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution A, transferring the mixed solution A to a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining for hydrothermal reaction at the hydrothermal temperature of 200 ℃ and 210 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 60-72 hours under autogenous pressure, cooling after the reaction is finished, separating white precipitate, washing with deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the ammonia nitrogen absorbent.
Preferably, the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen absorbent comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing dried plant biomass, heating to 700-800 ℃ in a protective atmosphere, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2h, cooling to obtain biochar, and mixing the biochar with graphene oxide according to a weight ratio of 10: (0.5-2), heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min under a protective atmosphere, carrying out thermal insulation pyrolysis for 4h, carrying out self-cooling to room temperature, and washing with deionized water to be neutral to obtain modified biochar;
(2) dispersing the modified biochar in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid according to a liquid-material ratio of 5-10ml/g, filtering out a precipitate after stirring and reacting for 1-4h, washing the precipitate to neutrality by deionized water, dispersing the precipitate in a 10mol/L sodium hydroxide solution again, filtering out the precipitate after stirring and reacting for 1-2h, washing the precipitate to neutrality by deionized water, dispersing the precipitate in a 20% hydrogen peroxide solution according to a liquid-material ratio of 3-4ml/g, filtering out the precipitate after stirring and reacting for 1-2h, washing the precipitate to neutrality by deionized water, and drying to obtain the ammonia nitrogen absorbent.
Preferably, the multielement composite water-soluble fertilizer is a slow-release composite fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 1-10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml and 1-2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed liquid B, adding a 0.1-0.2mol/L calcium chloride solution of 50% of the volume of the mixed liquid B, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, soaking the mixed liquid B in deionized water after repeated freeze-thaw treatment, cutting the soaked water into small blocks, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, performing annealing treatment in air at the annealing temperature of 300-, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of cellulose acetate butyrate and ethyl acetate of liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, a plurality of matrix combinations are adopted on the soil matrix for planting, so that good growth conditions can be provided for the cultivation of bougainvillea spectabilis, and the cultivation survival rate and the overall effect of the bougainvillea spectabilis are provided, wherein the first matrix plays a role in improving, loosening soil and promoting drainage, the second matrix plays a role in promoting the root of the bougainvillea spectabilis, and the third matrix provides a fertility effect, so that good nutrient elements are provided for the bougainvillea spectabilis, and the growth of the bougainvillea spectabilis effectively promoted.
(2) Sludge composting is essentially that organic matters in sludge are transformed and stabilized through a series of biochemical reactions under the action of microorganisms. Under the natural environment condition, the composting period is long, the effect is poor, a large amount of nitrogen loss is easy to cause, and the like, and the defects of the traditional composting method can be well overcome by adding a conditioner.
(3) The bougainvillea spectabilis fertilizer is characterized in that a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are needed in the growth process due to the fact that flowers are abundant, the flowering period is long, the consumed nutrients are large, the fertilizer and the nutrients need to be supplemented in time due to the fact that the pot soil is small, the nutrients are limited, natural sodium alginate and konjac flour are used as gel materials to prepare gel, the gel is subjected to gradient distribution with content increasing from inside to outside through natural penetration and diffusion of aluminum ions, an aluminum oxide hollow material with a layered structure is prepared through a simple annealing process and used for loading of a multi-element composite water-soluble fertilizer, slow release of the fertilizer can be achieved, long-acting fertility is provided for bougainvillea spectabilis, and the times of artificial fertilization are reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium comprises 3 parts by weight: 2: 1.5, the first matrix, the second matrix and the third matrix comprise the first matrix, the second matrix and the third matrix, and the first matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of leaf mold, 12 parts of coal cinder, 6 parts of wood chips and 3 parts of peanut shells; the second substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of rooting powder and 1 part of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate; the third matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of compost sludge and 12 parts of a multielement composite water-soluble fertilizer;
the preparation method of the compost sludge comprises the following steps:
dehydrating the settled sludge to obtain dehydrated sludge with the water content of 68% and the organic matter dry basis content of 29%, wherein the mass ratio of the dehydrated sludge to the conditioner is 5: 3 adding a conditioner for mixing, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the system to 30 to obtain a mixed material, adding the composite microbial inoculum A according to 3 percent of the mass of the mixed material, fully mixing, and then performing stacking fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 0.4-1.0m, and the ventilation quantity is kept at 0.05-0.2m3/min·m3When fermentingWhen the temperature of the core of the pile rises to 45-55 ℃, spreading a layer of composite microbial inoculum B on the surface of the fermentation pile, and continuously piling until the temperature of the fermentation pile is consistent with the ambient temperature to prepare the compost sludge;
the conditioner is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 2: 2, corn straw, wood dust and ammonia nitrogen absorbent;
the composite microbial inoculum A is a mixed culture solution of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pseudomonas aeruginosa;
the compound microbial inoculum B is a mixed culture solution of paracoccus denitrificans, azotobacter chroococcum and trichoderma viride;
the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen absorbent comprises the following steps:
according to the molar ratio of 2: 1, respectively weighing biphenyl-3, 3',5,5' -tetracarboxylic acid and aluminum trichloride, dissolving the biphenyl-3, 3',5,5' -tetracarboxylic acid and aluminum trichloride in 1-2 wt.% hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution A, transferring the mixed solution A to a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining for hydrothermal reaction at a hydrothermal temperature of 200-210 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 70 hours under autogenous pressure, cooling after the reaction is finished, separating white precipitate, washing with deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the ammonia nitrogen absorbent.
Example 2
A bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium comprises 3 parts by weight: 2: 1.5, the first matrix, the second matrix and the third matrix comprise the first matrix, the second matrix and the third matrix, and the first matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of leaf mold, 12 parts of coal cinder, 6 parts of wood chips and 3 parts of peanut shells; the second substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of rooting powder and 1 part of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate; the third matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of compost sludge and 12 parts of a multielement composite water-soluble fertilizer;
the preparation method of the compost sludge comprises the following steps:
dehydrating the settled sludge to obtain dehydrated sludge with the water content of 68% and the organic matter dry basis content of 29%, wherein the mass ratio of the dehydrated sludge to the conditioner is 5: 3 adding a conditioner for mixing, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the system to 30 to obtain a mixed material, and mixing according to the mass 3 of the mixed material% adding the composite microbial inoculum A, mixing thoroughly, stacking for fermentation, with stacking height of 0.4-1.0m and ventilation amount of 0.05-0.2m3/min·m3When the core temperature of the fermentation pile rises to 45-55 ℃, spreading a layer of composite microbial inoculum B on the surface of the fermentation pile, and continuously piling until the temperature of the fermentation pile is consistent with the ambient temperature to prepare the compost sludge;
the conditioner is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 2: 2, corn straw, wood dust and ammonia nitrogen absorbent;
the composite microbial inoculum A is a mixed culture solution of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pseudomonas aeruginosa;
the compound microbial inoculum B is a mixed culture solution of paracoccus denitrificans, azotobacter chroococcum and trichoderma viride;
the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen absorbent comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing dried plant biomass, heating to 700-800 ℃ in a protective atmosphere, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2h, cooling to obtain biochar, and mixing the biochar with graphene oxide according to a weight ratio of 10: 1, heating to 340 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min under a protective atmosphere, carrying out thermal insulation pyrolysis for 4 hours, carrying out self-cooling to room temperature, and washing with deionized water to be neutral to obtain modified biochar;
(2) dispersing the modified biochar in a volume ratio of 1: 3, filtering out a precipitate after stirring and reacting for 2 hours, washing the precipitate to be neutral by deionized water, dispersing the precipitate in 10mol/L sodium hydroxide solution again, filtering out the precipitate after stirring and reacting for 1 hour, washing the precipitate to be neutral by deionized water, dispersing the precipitate in 20% hydrogen peroxide solution according to the liquid-material ratio of 3-4ml/g, filtering out the precipitate after stirring and reacting for 1 hour, washing the precipitate to be neutral by deionized water, and drying to obtain the ammonia nitrogen absorbent.
Example 3
A bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium comprises 3 parts by weight: 2: 1.5, the first matrix, the second matrix and the third matrix comprise the first matrix, the second matrix and the third matrix, and the first matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of leaf mold, 12 parts of coal cinder, 6 parts of wood chips and 3 parts of peanut shells; the second substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of rooting powder and 1 part of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate; the third matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of compost sludge and 12 parts of a multielement composite water-soluble fertilizer;
the preparation method of the compost sludge comprises the following steps:
dehydrating the settled sludge to obtain dehydrated sludge with the water content of 68% and the organic matter dry basis content of 29%, wherein the mass ratio of the dehydrated sludge to the conditioner is 5: 3 adding a conditioner for mixing, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the system to 30 to obtain a mixed material, adding the composite microbial inoculum A according to 3 percent of the mass of the mixed material, fully mixing, and then performing stacking fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 0.4-1.0m, and the ventilation quantity is kept at 0.05-0.2m3/min·m3When the core temperature of the fermentation pile rises to 45-55 ℃, spreading a layer of composite microbial inoculum B on the surface of the fermentation pile, and continuously piling until the temperature of the fermentation pile is consistent with the ambient temperature to prepare the compost sludge;
the conditioner is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 2: 2, corn straw, wood dust and ammonia nitrogen absorbent;
the composite microbial inoculum A is a mixed culture solution of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pseudomonas aeruginosa;
the compound microbial inoculum B is a mixed culture solution of paracoccus denitrificans, azotobacter chroococcum and trichoderma viride;
the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen absorbent comprises the following steps:
according to the molar ratio of 2: 1, respectively weighing biphenyl-3, 3',5,5' -tetracarboxylic acid and aluminum trichloride, dissolving the biphenyl-3, 3',5,5' -tetracarboxylic acid and aluminum trichloride in 1-2 wt.% hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution A, transferring the mixed solution A to a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining for hydrothermal reaction at a hydrothermal temperature of 200-210 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 70 hours under autogenous pressure, cooling after the reaction is finished, separating white precipitate, washing with deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the ammonia nitrogen absorbent;
the multielement composite water-soluble fertilizer is a slow-release composite fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 2g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 4g/100ml and 2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed liquid B, adding a 0.12mol/L calcium chloride solution with the volume of 50% of the mixed liquid B, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5h, repeatedly freezing and thawing, soaking in deionized water, cutting into small blocks after removing soaking water, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, freeze-drying, annealing in air at the annealing temperature of 360 ℃ for 11min, cooling to obtain a slow release carrier, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer for soaking load, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating the lignin powder on a fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of ethyl acetate solution containing 5% of cellulose acetate butyrate and 2% of liquid paraffin on the surface of the carrier, and drying to obtain the slow-release preparation with the load of 32.43 wt.%.
Example 4
A sustained release preparation of a multi-element water soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 2g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 4g/100ml and 2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed liquid B, adding a 0.12mol/L calcium chloride solution with the volume of 50% of the mixed liquid B, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5h, repeatedly freezing and thawing, soaking in deionized water, cutting into small blocks after removing soaking water, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, freeze-drying, annealing in air at the annealing temperature of 360 ℃ for 11min, cooling to obtain a slow release carrier, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer, soaking for loading, filtering and drying to obtain the slow release preparation with the loading capacity of 31.24 wt.%.
Example 5
A sustained release preparation of a multi-element water soluble fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, adding the slow release carrier into a composite water-soluble fertilizer for soaking and loading, filtering and drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface for wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow release carrier, spraying a layer of ethyl acetate solution containing 5% cellulose acetate butyrate and 2% liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow release preparation with the load of 27.18 wt.%.
Examples of the experiments
1. Slow release fertilizer effect
Filling 2cm of quartz sand into a chromatographic column with a sand core, which is 30cm high and 5.8cm in inner diameter, then filling 250g of the sustained-release preparation described in the embodiments 3, 4 and 5, and covering the column with 2cm of quartz sand to prevent disturbance when water is added; adding 250mL (based on the fact that water seeps out from the bottom of the plastic cup) of water for the first time to enable the soil moisture to be close to saturation, adding 200mL of water after culturing for 2d, collecting the leaching solution at the same time, culturing for 2d at room temperature (taking care to prevent the leaching column from being dried and cracked), performing leaching for the second time by using 200mL of water, and performing the operation according to the same procedure for each time. Namely, the culture is performed for 2d for leaching 1 time, and leaching is performed for 8 times in total.
Transferring the leaching solution into a 500mL volumetric flask, adding water to a constant volume, and detecting indexes such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and the like, wherein the result is as follows:
2. ammonia nitrogen content of compost sludge
The method comprises the steps of measuring the ammonia nitrogen content and the total nutrient content of the compost sludge prepared in the examples 1 and 2 by comparing the compost sludge fermented by adding an equal amount of activated carbon to replace an ammonia nitrogen absorbent, wherein the ammonia nitrogen content is measured by adopting a Naeseler reagent colorimetric method, and the total nutrient is nitrogen content and P2O5And K2Sum of O content, the measurement result is as follows:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Comparison of | |
| Ammonia nitrogen content (%) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 0.9 |
| Total nutrient content (%) | 6.2 | 6.3 | 3.8 |
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium is characterized by comprising a first medium, a second medium and a third medium, wherein the first medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of leaf mold, 8-18 parts of coal cinder, 1-10 parts of sawdust and 0-10 parts of peanut shell; the second substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-70 parts of plant ash, 1-10 parts of rooting powder and 0.1-2 parts of anti-hardening agent; the third matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of compost sludge and 10-20 parts of multi-element composite water-soluble fertilizer.
2. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first medium to the second medium to the third medium is 3: (1-3): (1-2).
3. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the compost sludge comprises the following steps:
dewatering the settled sludge to obtain dewatered sludge with water content of 60-75% and organic matter dry basis content of 25-50%, adding a conditioner, and mixing, wherein the conditioner and the dewatered sludge are in a weight ratio of (3-8): 10, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-35 to obtain a mixed material, adding the composite microbial inoculum A according to 1-5% of the mass of the mixed material, fully mixing, and then performing stacking fermentation, wherein the stacking height is 0.4-1.0m, and the ventilation quantity is kept at 0.05-1.00m3/min·m3When the core temperature of the fermentation pile rises to 45-55 ℃, spreading a layer of composite microbial inoculum B on the surface of the fermentation pile, and continuously piling until the temperature of the fermentation pile is consistent with the ambient temperature to prepare the compost sludge;
wherein, the conditioner consists of corn straws, wood chips and an ammonia nitrogen absorbent.
4. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the conditioner comprises corn straw, wood chips and ammonia nitrogen absorbent in a mass ratio of 1: (1-2): (1-2).
5. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the complex microbial inoculum A is one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and pseudomonas aeruginosa.
6. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the complex microbial inoculum B is one or more of paracoccus denitrificans, azotobacter chroococcum and trichoderma viride.
7. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen absorbent comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing biphenyl-3, 3',5,5' -tetracarboxylic acid and aluminum trichloride, dissolving the biphenyl-3, 3',5,5' -tetracarboxylic acid and aluminum trichloride in 1-2 wt.% hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution A, transferring the mixed solution A to a high-pressure reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining for hydrothermal reaction at the hydrothermal temperature of 200 ℃ and 210 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 60-72 hours under autogenous pressure, cooling after the reaction is finished, separating white precipitate, washing with deionized water, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the ammonia nitrogen absorbent.
8. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the ammonia nitrogen absorbent comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing dried plant biomass, heating to 700-800 ℃ in a protective atmosphere, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2h, cooling to obtain biochar, and mixing the biochar with graphene oxide according to a weight ratio of 10: (0.5-2), heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min under a protective atmosphere, carrying out thermal insulation pyrolysis for 4h, carrying out self-cooling to room temperature, and washing with deionized water to be neutral to obtain modified biochar;
(2) dispersing the modified biochar in a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid according to a liquid-material ratio of 5-10ml/g, filtering out a precipitate after stirring and reacting for 1-4h, washing the precipitate to neutrality by deionized water, dispersing the precipitate in a 10mol/L sodium hydroxide solution again, filtering out the precipitate after stirring and reacting for 1-2h, washing the precipitate to neutrality by deionized water, dispersing the precipitate in a 20% hydrogen peroxide solution according to a liquid-material ratio of 3-4ml/g, filtering out the precipitate after stirring and reacting for 1-2h, washing the precipitate to neutrality by deionized water, and drying to obtain the ammonia nitrogen absorbent.
9. The bougainvillea spectabilis culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the multi-element composite water-soluble fertilizer is a slow-release composite fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing sodium lignosulfonate, dissolving the sodium lignosulfonate in deionized water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml, stirring and mixing for 1-10min at normal temperature, adding sodium alginate and konjac flour according to a material-liquid ratio of 1-4g/100ml and 1-2g/100ml respectively, continuously stirring and mixing for 2-4h to obtain a mixed liquid B, adding a 0.1-0.2mol/L calcium chloride solution of 50% of the volume of the mixed liquid B, continuously stirring and reacting for 0.5-1h, soaking the mixed liquid B in deionized water after repeated freeze-thaw treatment, cutting the soaked water into small blocks, adding an aluminum chloride ethanol solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2mol/L, soaking for 24h, performing annealing treatment in air at the annealing temperature of 300-, filtering, drying, spraying 75-85% ethanol solution on the surface, wetting, coating lignin powder on the fertilizer-carrying slow-release carrier, spraying a layer of cellulose acetate butyrate and ethyl acetate of liquid paraffin on the surface, and drying to obtain the slow-release compound fertilizer.
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